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<document id="F1709BF2CBBCCC1DB6F84D3B42831BA6" ID-CLB-Dataset="34739" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.651.10097" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6fb3949-e4d0-40d8-87ca-6f378a30ded5" ID-PMC="PMC5345357" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-651-1" ID-PubMed="28331386" ID-ZooBank="CD4CC082676248D69A5DAEA32B50CB23" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-651-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 651" ModsDocTitle="Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus, with comments on colonisation and diversification in Macaronesia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)" checkinTime="1486326855342" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Machado, Antonio, Rodriguez-Exposito, Eduardo, Lopez, Mercedes &amp; Hernandez, Mariano" docDate="2017" docId="1E5D47452F2444E6222243BE2042A77A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 651: 1-77" docOrigin="ZooKeys 651" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.651.10097" docTitle="(Belicarius) Machado, subg. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3A7B1C47-7594-484E-B081-05B9126F3CB7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFF3FFD9FFC9B7687F56FFA9FFFCFFB4" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus, with comments on colonisation and diversification in Macaronesia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1732714524823" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DE6B6FF41BC7111FE0461D29BD1212A6">Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus, with comments on colonisation and diversification in Macaronesia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49A59E460A33037F6DAAD579673C019E">Machado, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B6AA49F3922F606EF8A7693DA4A7A114">Rodriguez-Exposito, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="1E5D47452F2444E6222243BE2042A77A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127879879" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7B1C47-7594-484E-B081-05B9126F3CB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E5D47452F2444E6222243BE2042A77A" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Entiminae">
<subSubSection id="B698E4F39EAE60C71761D07FFDF98656" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FFB478C4DB63043F2474F561B5DD9DDC" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="FAC7313A18AD9AB9518BA5A0E96CCC37" ID-CoL="8KD9Q" LSID="http://zoobank.org/3A7B1C47-7594-484E-B081-05B9126F3CB7" authority="Machado" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Belicarius)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Belicarius">Belicarius Machado</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BAC3980422B874CDBCB0F3604ACF4C6F" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">subg. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61ACDDABB0BC22147874C3AA9627F2EB" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="type species">
<paragraph id="07DABA1470B1F5AFBE10F8305DBC44E7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B13C646A46A16208E91EAAF437C32F2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="5E0C7684E8D96307CC27312CD8C87877" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus mendicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendicus">Laparocerus mendicus</taxonomicName>
Wollaston, 1864, by present designation (Fig. 13A).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C5479771149C842DD18E74B60439B020" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<paragraph id="A3E17CB4F36ABDB1185983CFB788E7AF" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Figure 13.
<taxonomicName id="72028587B6CF524138C5B2FD29CBD1CA" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laparocerus</taxonomicName>
subgenus type species. A
<taxonomicName id="2615B4788BF3B60D458775B413841470" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laparocerus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="831350ED8F5CD9E1BBC721A34598C66B" lsidName="(Belicarius)" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Belicarius">Belicarius</taxonomicName>
subg. n.) mendicus Wollaston, 1864 B
<taxonomicName id="6C0356142C327E8F9B71D76D825666F6" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laparocerus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="9FD05A65CCFE9249D7175697F9FF774C" lsidName="(Canariotrox)" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Canariotrox">Canariotrox</taxonomicName>
subg. n.) inaequalis inaequalis Wollaston, 1864.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74BBE5609C43E0864BA98988CB9884D0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="90550E300C1BA228BF19388A5162006E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="34CECE50F60C5AE379233A8C56B8EC2A" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The name derives from Belicar, the
<normalizedToken id="9FF918AA30ABF1DB56B21F799B304463" originalValue="mencey">'mencey'</normalizedToken>
or aboriginal king of Icod at the times of the conquest of Tenerife. Gender masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28B438C70EA1369110D8D6E054FDDAFA" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="species assigned">
<paragraph id="9B4C24100A7D7B067C3D71D5DE62D56A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<pageBreakToken id="B15021D3931E858244AA99E2D270119C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">Species</pageBreakToken>
assigned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F3261DCA31663D7EC924FC7DFCCEE92B" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="05A9B4BF26E21DE517C5738D374E4DF1" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus bentejui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bentejui">Laparocerus bentejui</taxonomicName>
Machado, 2012;
<taxonomicName id="8EB486F0A8B53A8A6D6061E988D9031F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Laparocerus exiguus</taxonomicName>
Machado, 2007;
<taxonomicName id="9317BA542DDD75D1E57786FC0994E2D6" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus exophthalmus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exophthalmus">Laparocerus exophthalmus</taxonomicName>
Machado, 2007;
<taxonomicName id="64C50C2737B5DDB19CE58B79CD0BE564" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus feloi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feloi">Laparocerus feloi</taxonomicName>
Machado, 2009;
<taxonomicName id="9ACCB041CA2736171D02D0764987706D" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus longiclava" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiclava">Laparocerus longiclava</taxonomicName>
Lindberg, 1953;
<taxonomicName id="5C07F9A64FEA0975072985372372B216" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus magnificus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnificus">Laparocerus magnificus</taxonomicName>
Machado, 2011;
<taxonomicName id="E7B74D9F36E3A821568A53FC115D7F72" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus mateui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mateui">Laparocerus mateui</taxonomicName>
Roudier, 1954;
<taxonomicName id="DEFF1C53F7B281721B74C0CEEBB1813D" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus mendicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendicus">Laparocerus mendicus</taxonomicName>
Wollaston, 1864;
<taxonomicName id="1243D9EB7B5381A1D2F895593AFBB9CD" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus morrisi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisi">Laparocerus morrisi</taxonomicName>
Machado, 2009;
<taxonomicName id="D56A332F11F75F70BDF2F4C2D7E7AF54" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus oculatissimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatissimus">Laparocerus oculatissimus</taxonomicName>
Machado, 2007;
<taxonomicName id="1E0BF8B26DEE0493DA75F2866FD2C55D" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus rotundatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundatus">Laparocerus rotundatus</taxonomicName>
Machado, 2011;
<taxonomicName id="EE717B7C55C37BE362A3C75B010A908F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus sanchezi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanchezi">Laparocerus sanchezi</taxonomicName>
Roudier, 1957 and
<taxonomicName id="D091563600751048F3DCFF12A1AF2FBA" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus tarsalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsalis">Laparocerus tarsalis</taxonomicName>
Machado, 2009.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="63DBDDE34ED58778C15A3A872438F51D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnostic remarks">
<paragraph id="E1B6151D83A6AADCC207A3508CD9FA54" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnostic remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="955B2145EA1F3CE33226DD714E400FFA" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="40F3B512550AA368753060866C99EAFE" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laparocerus</taxonomicName>
endemic to the central and western Canaries, varied in size (3.5-8.2 mm) and body shape (slender, ovate, roundish), all having elytra with moderate dull integument beset with abundant black suberect setae, which are usually short, but also of moderate size in some species. In the
<taxonomicName id="77C4929534C17C3471DCE02D5C54D9E2" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Laparocerus exiguus</taxonomicName>
group (
<taxonomicName id="C0BAE20F2DD4BB76CCEA7A87CE444D3D" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus morrisi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisi">Laparocerus morrisi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0BC402DD3F7F5EDBED1BE6AA9B688AB4" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Laparocerus exiguus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="52DA3EEBD257D194CE285EAFD4DEACDB" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus rotundatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundatus">Laparocerus rotundatus</taxonomicName>
) the body is roundish and of small size (&lt;5 mm). In
<taxonomicName id="F54BC585047F513AFEDF4DF13561EBA3" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus mateui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mateui">Laparocerus mateui</taxonomicName>
the density of setae is much lower due to the bulky surface of the elytra, and in the group of
<taxonomicName id="657A957B1201C8EF01A84A67E2B58416" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus sanchezi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanchezi">Laparocerus sanchezi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C0893DC9E137E74C6F79B10333C6EF5F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus magnificus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnificus">Laparocerus magnificus</taxonomicName>
the integument has additionally long hairs extending to pronotum and head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D2E32FC26669DA0BC025000F8E643405" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Head dorsally depressed at level of eyes. Antennae slender, with thin capitate escape, except in the
<taxonomicName id="87A750AF14A0ED9D62772599E321880A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Laparocerus exiguus</taxonomicName>
group where it is more robust and the terminal joints of the funiculum are moniliform in
<taxonomicName id="3E0C4983BBE6CC49421AA3A70BE88856" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Laparocerus exiguus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8A45A50F82BB8668968319B983514119" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus morrisi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisi">Laparocerus morrisi</taxonomicName>
. Male protibiae have rounded outer apical angle, and in many species the mucro on the inner angle is strongly protruding and sharp, thus the tibia ending hook-like.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F3991B018DC0854152B26B704770AD6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
The aedeagus has denticles also in the blind diverticulum of the internal sac (except in
<taxonomicName id="A72E7C94AD7AE7EFFC8394EF7CB25E3E" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Laparocerus exiguus</taxonomicName>
), which is longer than the gonoporal diverticulum and distally bilobed in the majority of species. The temones are short, nearly 1/3 of the length of the median lobe, except in the
<taxonomicName id="821279090D4A2E95060D9DC5120EB31F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus exiguus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">Laparocerus exiguus</taxonomicName>
group and in
<taxonomicName id="334042546A3E92016B5BDC0C9319F978" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus occulatissimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulatissimus">Laparocerus occulatissimus</taxonomicName>
. Female hemisternites slender with tubular gonostyli inserted subapically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>