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<mods:title id="B81C7C563026DBB3A8A2A80FDDF5C9BE">Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8728FEDBB21DDDBA70B05B04956325D8">Bergh, Eugene W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E5570A9F8D32EBFF054865EE2EF2ED5A">Marine Research Institute and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa. &amp; Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; &amp; Invertebrate palaeontology and Geology, Iziko South African Museum, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. john. compton @ uct. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0765 - 4141</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="197787BAFFCC93317FC99AF2FAA8FB57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5840583" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192044034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5840583" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:197787BAFFCC93317FC99AF2FAA8FB57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/197787BAFFCC93317FC99AF2FAA8FB57" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFCC93317FC99AF2FEF3FDB4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFCC93317FC99AF2FDFEFD90" blockId="31.[151,570,510,573]" box="[151,570,510,537]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="CA2981C0FFCC93317FC99AF2FDFEFD90" bold="true" box="[151,570,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317FC99AF2FDFEFD90" ID-CoL="82M2P" authority="Reuss, 1850" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,570,510,537]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317FC99AF2FDFEFD90" bold="true" box="[151,570,510,537]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317FC99AF2FE64FD91" bold="true" box="[151,416,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Globigerina concinna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFCC93317EF99AF3FDFEFD90" author="Reuss, A. E." box="[423,570,510,537]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="365 - 390" refId="ref37036" refString="Reuss, A. E. (1850) Neues Foraminiferen aus den Schichten des osterreichischen Tertiarbeckens. Denkschriften Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Cl., 1, 365 - 390." type="journal article" year="1850">Reuss, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFCC93317FC9992FFEF3FDB4" blockId="31.[151,570,510,573]" box="[151,311,546,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="CA2981C0FFCC93317FC9992FFEF3FDB4" bold="true" box="[151,311,546,573]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317FC9992FFEF3FDB4" bold="true" box="[151,311,546,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pl. 7, figs. 7-8</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFCC93317FC9996BFE8EFD16" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFCC93317FC9996BFE8EFD16" blockId="31.[151,1436,615,670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1CE1182FFCC93317FC9996BFE8EFD16" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFCC93317FC9996BFD81FDF7" author="Reuss, A. E." box="[151,581,615,639]" page="373" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" year="1850">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317FC9996BFD81FDF7" ID-CoL="82M2P" authority="Reuss, 1850, p. 373" authorityName="Reuss" authorityPageNumber="373" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,581,615,639]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317FC9996BFEB2FDF7" box="[151,374,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Globigerina concinna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFCC93317E229964FE3EFDF7" author="Reuss, A. E." box="[380,506,615,639]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="365 - 390" refId="ref37036" refString="Reuss, A. E. (1850) Neues Foraminiferen aus den Schichten des osterreichischen Tertiarbeckens. Denkschriften Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Cl., 1, 365 - 390." type="journal article" year="1850">Reuss, 1850</bibRefCitation>
, p. 373
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 47, fig. 8;
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFCC93317D89996BFBCAFDF7" author="Cushman, J. A. &amp; Stainforth, R. M." box="[727,1038,615,639]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="3 - 75" refId="ref30442" refString="Cushman, J. A. &amp; Stainforth, R. M. (1945) The foraminifera of the Cipero marl formation of Trinidad. British West Indies. Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 14, 3 - 75." type="journal article" year="1945">Cushman and Stainforth, 1945</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 13, fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFCC93317BFE996BFA5CFDF7" author="Bolli, H. M. &amp; Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K." box="[1184,1432,615,639]" page="321" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFCC93317BFE996BFA89FDF7" author="Bolli, H. M. &amp; Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K." box="[1184,1357,615,639]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref28621" refString="Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K. (1985) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1032 pp." type="book" year="1985">
Bolli
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317B879964FAC1FDF7" box="[1241,1285,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
., 1985
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 321
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4.1720.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFCC93317FC999C0FB69FC82" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFCC93317FC999C0FB69FC82" blockId="31.[151,1437,716,1247]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317FC999C0FEE5FD6E" bold="true" box="[151,289,716,742]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description</emphasis>
: The wall surface is cancellate spinose. The test is trochospirally arranged, with five globular chambers in the final whorl. The sutures are straight and depressed. The aperture is large and umbilical.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFCC93317F999818FAA8FB57" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFCC93317F999818FC08FCDA" blockId="31.[151,1437,716,1247]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317F999818FEF9FCA6" bold="true" box="[199,317,788,814]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks:</emphasis>
The relative abundance of
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317D329818FD31FCA6" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1850" box="[620,757,788,814]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317D329818FD31FCA6" box="[620,757,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">G. concinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this study is trace (&lt;1%) in samples of all three cores. The tests are relatively moderate in size, measuring up to
<quantity id="56269B49FFCC93317DB59834FC85FCDB" box="[747,833,824,851]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFCC93317F999850FB94FB8F" blockId="31.[151,1437,716,1247]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
This species is similar to an older form,
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317DEF9850FC76FCFE" baseAuthorityName="Bolli" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[689,946,860,886]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Ciperoella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ciperoensis">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317DEF9850FC76FCFE" box="[689,946,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ciperoella ciperoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(previously
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317B179850FA99FCFE" authorityName="Bolli" authorityYear="1954" box="[1097,1373,860,886]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ciperoensis">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317B179850FA99FCFE" box="[1097,1373,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Globigerina ciperoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but differs in its size, chambers and aperture. The chambers of
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317C6E988CFC7DFC12" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1850" box="[816,953,896,922]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317C6E988CFC7DFC12" box="[816,953,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">G. concinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
increase in size more rapidly and its test is generally larger compared to
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317E8098A8FDB9FC36" authorityName="Bolli" authorityYear="1954" box="[478,637,932,958]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ciperoensis">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317E8098A8FDB9FC36" box="[478,637,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. ciperoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The aperture of
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317C6298A8FC01FC36" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1850" box="[828,965,932,958]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317C6298A8FC01FC36" box="[828,965,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">G. concinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also larger and more asymmetrical than
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317FC998C4FEFDFC6A" authorityName="Bolli" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,313,968,994]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ciperoensis">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317FC998C4FEFDFC6A" box="[151,313,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. ciperoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two species, furthermore, occur in different stratigraphic ranges.
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317B3E98C4FAC5FC6A" authorityName="Bolli" authorityYear="1954" box="[1120,1281,968,994]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ciperoensis">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317B3E98C4FAC5FC6A" box="[1120,1281,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C. ciperoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the Oligocene, whereas
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317E2598E0FDC0FB8E" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1850" box="[379,516,1004,1030]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317E2598E0FDC0FB8E" box="[379,516,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">G. concinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in middle Miocene strata (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFCC93317CDF98E0FB87FB8F" author="Bolli, H. M. &amp; Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K." box="[897,1091,1004,1031]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref28621" refString="Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. &amp; Perch-Nielsen, K. (1985) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1032 pp." type="book" year="1985">
Bolli
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317C9F98E1FC37FB8E" box="[961,1011,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
., 1985
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFCC93317F999F1CFD7AFBC7" blockId="31.[151,1437,716,1247]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317F999F1CFDDEFBA2" bold="true" box="[199,538,1040,1066]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Environmental preferences:</emphasis>
Species in the
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317D8B9F1CFCA7FBA2" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1850" box="[725,867,1040,1066]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317D8B9F1CFCA7FBA2" box="[725,867,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">G. concinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is regarded to be adapted to tropical and subtropical conditions (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFCC93317EC09F38FD77FBC7" author="BouDagher-Fadel, M. K." box="[414,691,1076,1103]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref28678" refString="BouDagher-Fadel, M. K. (2015) Biostratigraphic and geological significance of planktonic foraminifera. UCL Press, London, 306 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / j. ctt 1 g 69 xwk" type="book" year="2015">BouDagher-Fadel, 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFCC93317F999F54FBC4FB1F" blockId="31.[151,1437,716,1247]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317F999F54FDD1FBFA" bold="true" box="[199,533,1112,1138]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Global stratigraphic range:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFCC93317D419F54FD6FFBFA" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1850" box="[543,683,1112,1138]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317D419F54FD6FFBFA" box="[543,683,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">G. concinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been documented to occur from the Burdigalian in the early Miocene to the Serravallian in the middle Miocene (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFCC93317DBE9F70FC30FB1F" author="BouDagher-Fadel, M. K." box="[736,1012,1148,1175]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref28678" refString="BouDagher-Fadel, M. K. (2015) Biostratigraphic and geological significance of planktonic foraminifera. UCL Press, London, 306 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / j. ctt 1 g 69 xwk" type="book" year="2015">BouDagher-Fadel, 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFCC93317F999FACFAA8FB57" blockId="31.[151,1437,716,1247]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFCC93317F999FACFE01FB32" bold="true" box="[199,453,1184,1210]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Regional occurrence:</emphasis>
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This study records the first, and to date, only occurrence in the region of this species in the middle Miocene of the
<location id="94016077FFCC93317E989FC8FD5EFB56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:197787BAFFCC93317FC99AF2FAA8FB57:94016077FFCC93317E989FC8FD5EFB56" box="[454,666,1220,1246]" name="northern Namibian" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kunene River">northern Namibian</location>
continental shelf, south of the
<collectingRegion id="531AF84EFFCC93317CAA9FC9FB54FB56" box="[1012,1168,1220,1247]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectingRegion id="531AF84EFFCC93317CAA9FC9FB8FFB57" box="[1012,1099,1221,1247]" country="Namibia" name="Kunene" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Kunene</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="531AF84EFFCC93317B0C9FC8FB54FB56" box="[1106,1168,1220,1246]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">River</collectingRegion>
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mouth (this study)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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