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<document id="CA23E7130F97FD4412764C030543BACE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5336.3.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8281716" ID-ZooBank="7B762004-EBF9-4925-8BA6-BE8B4C1464F4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1692951115884" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barros, Thales, Cavalcanti, Thaynã, Hajdu, Eduardo &amp; Pinheiro, Ulisses" docDate="2023" docId="182F87A0FFBA717EFF2AFCF358B7FDE2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5336.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5336 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5336.3.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="408" masterDocId="E416FFD8FFBF7179FFBDF83D5B5BFFFB" masterDocTitle="Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892 (Poecilosclerida: Coelosphaeridae) from Brazil: a new species and transfer of Strongylacidon oxychaetum Menegola, Santos, Moraes &amp; Muricy, 2012 to the genus Lissodendoryx" masterLastPageNumber="412" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="406" updateTime="1692951725395" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5AB4AB3AF863BED7BF4EDC80020F7A31">Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892 (Poecilosclerida: Coelosphaeridae) from Brazil: a new species and transfer of Strongylacidon oxychaetum Menegola, Santos, Moraes &amp; Muricy, 2012 to the genus Lissodendoryx</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="286745B828F786F244F29EB1AF187A12">Barros, Thales</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F1DBC8B7064A60CD973D5F1D0C9501BA">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Nelson Chaves, s / n Cidade Universitária CEP 50373 - 970, Recife, PE, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1D6F87E3A9E6CD0CBF1F0601654A8480">Cavalcanti, Thaynã</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="35461A4EF41A341C96DD26BA27E95270">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Nelson Chaves, s / n Cidade Universitária CEP 50373 - 970, Recife, PE, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A04137955A94849361E69608D8345385">Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D64683C22F9A609E80DDEB7FC5F9507D">Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1DF387635F7D7B930F46D73C53FCCD33">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="57F7AC0F5C359AD575F426A76C0641E3">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Nelson Chaves, s / n Cidade Universitária CEP 50373 - 970, Recife, PE, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:number id="B99857325D3984155192EFEF38773790">5336</mods:number>
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<treatment id="182F87A0FFBA717EFF2AFCF358B7FDE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182F87A0FFBA717EFF2AFCF358B7FDE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/182F87A0FFBA717EFF2AFCF358B7FDE2" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="408" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<subSubSection id="D89C653DFFBA717CFF2AFCF35808FB13" box="[151,851,1230,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="903936B6FFBA717CFF2AFCF35808FB13" blockId="5.[151,851,1230,1293]" box="[151,851,1230,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<heading id="CB7181DAFFBA717CFF2AFCF35808FB13" bold="true" box="[151,851,1230,1257]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="57864D35FFBA717CFF2AFCF35808FB13" ID-CoL="3VF95" ID-ENA="1336816" authority="Wilson, 1911" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,851,1230,1257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carolinensis" subGenus="Lissodendoryx">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF2AFCF35808FB13" bold="true" box="[151,851,1230,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF2AFCF35A1CFB12" bold="true" box="[151,327,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFEE5FCF35953FB12" bold="true" box="[344,520,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFDA4FCF359F7FB12" bold="true" box="[537,684,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">carolinensis</emphasis>
Wilson, 1911
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D89C653DFFBA717CFF2AFCCE58A6FA95" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="description">
<paragraph id="903936B6FFBA717CFF2AFCCE5A33FAF6" blockId="5.[151,851,1230,1293]" box="[151,360,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
(
<figureCitation id="08BD2A33FFBA717CFF22FCCE5A5AFAF6" box="[159,257,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911. A, preserved specimen (UFPEPOR 2346); B, thin section showing the choanosome and ectosome; C, style; D, tylote; E–F, arcuate isochelae; G–H, sigmas. Scales: A = 2 cm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 25 µm; E–F = 5 µm; G–H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Figure 4</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="DD04030DFFBA717CFEB1FCCE5A06FAF6" box="[268,349,1267,1293]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1680,1704]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of micrometric data of Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911 spicules. Values" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903936B6FFBA717CFF2AFD0A58A6FA95" blockId="5.[151,1410,1335,1392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="57864D35FFBA717CFF2AFD0A591CFAB4" authority="Wilson (1911)" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,583,1335,1359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF2AFD0A5AF7FAB4" box="[151,428,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Lissodendoryx carolinensis</emphasis>
Wilson (1911)
</taxonomicName>
: p. 11; George &amp; Wilson (1919): p. 150; pl.LXI, fig. 26–28, pl. LXVI, fig. 62a–e.
<taxonomicName id="57864D35FFBA717CFF2AFD6B590CFA95" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,599,1366,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carolinensis" subGenus="Lissodendoryx">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF2AFD6B5A70FA95" box="[151,299,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFE87FD6B5A95FA95" box="[314,462,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFE61FD6B590CFA95" box="[476,599,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Ŗtzler
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFD08FD6A59B3FA95" box="[693,744,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
(2007): p. 1497, fig. 1C, 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D89C653DFFBA717CFF2AFDA15F4AFA21" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="903936B6FFBA717CFF2AFDA15F4AFA21" blockId="5.[151,1437,1436,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF2AFDA15ADEFA4D" bold="true" box="[151,389,1436,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Examined material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="20EE3CEBFFBA717CFE31FDA15F56FA21" collectingDate="2017-05-12" collectionCode="T" country="Brazil" county="Cavalcanti" latitude="-7.616667" location="Ponta de Pedras Beach" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-34.814167" municipality="Goiana" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
UFPEPOR 2346,
<location id="9559606DFFBA717CFDEEFDA0580AFA4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182F87A0FFBA717EFF2AFCF358B7FDE2:9559606DFFBA717CFDEEFDA0580AFA4D" box="[595,849,1436,1463]" country="Brazil" county="Cavalcanti" latitude="-7.616667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-34.814167" municipality="Goiana" name="Ponta de Pedras Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Ponta de Pedras Beach</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="F5B25071FFBA717CFCDDFDA158A1FA4D" box="[864,1018,1436,1462]" degrees="07" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-7.616667">07° 37 ‘00” S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F5B25071FFBA717CFBBAFDA15FFCFA4C" box="[1031,1191,1436,1463]" degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-34.814167">34° 48’ 51” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="705DACCCFFBA717CFB0FFDA15E5DFA4D" box="[1202,1286,1436,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Goiana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="5242F854FFBA717CFAADFDA15B89FA21" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Pernambuco State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E8917626FFBA717CFF60FDFD5A7DFA21" box="[221,294,1472,1498]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), intertidal, collected manually, coll.
<collectionCode id="F697AE73FFBA717CFD79FDFC598DFA20" box="[708,726,1473,1499]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectingCounty id="79584E3AFFBA717CFD5CFDFD5802FA21" box="[737,857,1472,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Cavalcanti</collectingCounty>
(
<date id="E4381076FFBA717CFCD5FDFD5F5EFA21" box="[872,1029,1472,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2017-05-12">
<collectingDate id="F47CE99EFFBA717CFCD5FDFD5F5EFA21" box="[872,1029,1472,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" value="2017-05-12">May/12/2017</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D89C653DFFBA717CFF7AFDD95ECFF8B9" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="description">
<paragraph id="903936B6FFBA717CFF7AFDD95EC7F9BD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1436,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF7AFDD95A00FA05" bold="true" box="[199,347,1508,1534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Description:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFED8FDD9590CFA05" box="[357,599,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">External morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="08BD2A33FFBA717CFDD4FDD9599BFA05" box="[617,704,1508,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911. A, preserved specimen (UFPEPOR 2346); B, thin section showing the choanosome and ectosome; C, style; D, tylote; E–F, arcuate isochelae; G–H, sigmas. Scales: A = 2 cm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 25 µm; E–F = 5 µm; G–H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig 4A</figureCitation>
): Arborescent specimen (8 x
<quantity id="577E9B53FFBA717CFBABFDD95F08FA04" box="[1046,1107,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
, length x width) with single and bifurcated digitated branches (0.5–1.0 cm, diameter). Smooth surface, compressible and fragile consistency. Circular oscules with
<quantity id="577E9B53FFBA717CFE31FE115AB9F9BC" box="[396,482,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(diameter). Yellowish-pink color, when preserved it has a beige color (80% ethanol).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903936B6FFBA717CFF7AFE6D5E19F975" blockId="5.[151,1437,1436,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF7AFE6D5A7DF991" box="[199,294,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="08BD2A33FFBA717CFE8CFE6D5ADBF991" box="[305,384,1616,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911. A, preserved specimen (UFPEPOR 2346); B, thin section showing the choanosome and ectosome; C, style; D, tylote; E–F, arcuate isochelae; G–H, sigmas. Scales: A = 2 cm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 25 µm; E–F = 5 µm; G–H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig4B</figureCitation>
):Abundant spongin fibers in the ectosome.Choanosome formed by a reticulation of multispicular bundles of styles, overlaid by scattered tylotes. Abundant microscleres spread throughout the choanosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903936B6FFBA717CFF7AFEA55ECFF8B9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1436,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF7AFEA55A7FF949" box="[199,292,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="08BD2A33FFBA717CFE85FEA55AF5F949" box="[312,430,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911. A, preserved specimen (UFPEPOR 2346); B, thin section showing the choanosome and ectosome; C, style; D, tylote; E–F, arcuate isochelae; G–H, sigmas. Scales: A = 2 cm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 25 µm; E–F = 5 µm; G–H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig 4C–F</figureCitation>
). Styles (151–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFDE5FEA559CCF949" bold="true" box="[600,663,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">160.0</emphasis>
–177 /4–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFD42FEA55879F949" bold="true" box="[767,802,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">5.8</emphasis>
–6 µm): robust, smooth, slightly curved, rounded and elongated base, acerate tips (
<figureCitation id="08BD2A33FFBA717CFE6BFE815972F92D" box="[470,553,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911. A, preserved specimen (UFPEPOR 2346); B, thin section showing the choanosome and ectosome; C, style; D, tylote; E–F, arcuate isochelae; G–H, sigmas. Scales: A = 2 cm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 25 µm; E–F = 5 µm; G–H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig 4C</figureCitation>
). Tylotes (174–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFD68FE81584FF92D" bold="true" box="[725,788,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">184.5</emphasis>
–209 / 3–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFCC0FE8158FBF92D" bold="true" box="[893,928,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">4.2</emphasis>
–6 µm): thin, smooth, straight, prominent and rounded tyles (
<figureCitation id="08BD2A33FFBA717CFE83FEDD5AC9F901" box="[318,402,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911. A, preserved specimen (UFPEPOR 2346); B, thin section showing the choanosome and ectosome; C, style; D, tylote; E–F, arcuate isochelae; G–H, sigmas. Scales: A = 2 cm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 25 µm; E–F = 5 µm; G–H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig 4D</figureCitation>
). Arcuate isochelae I (22–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFD0AFEDD59B3F901" bold="true" box="[695,744,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">27.7</emphasis>
–32 µm): slightly curved axis, short and straight alae. Arcuate isochelae II (11–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFEEAFF395AD3F8E5" bold="true" box="[343,392,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">13.3</emphasis>
–16 µm): smaller, similar to category I (
<figureCitation id="08BD2A33FFBA717CFCEAFF3958F0F8E5" box="[855,939,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911. A, preserved specimen (UFPEPOR 2346); B, thin section showing the choanosome and ectosome; C, style; D, tylote; E–F, arcuate isochelae; G–H, sigmas. Scales: A = 2 cm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 25 µm; E–F = 5 µm; G–H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig 4E</figureCitation>
). Sigmas I (38–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFBDFFF395FC8F8E5" bold="true" box="[1122,1171,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">42.8</emphasis>
–48 µm): thin, smooth, slightly curved, “C”-shaped. Sigmas II (14–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFD3EFF1559EFF8B9" bold="true" box="[643,692,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">17.6</emphasis>
–19 µm): smaller, thin, smooth, curved, and “C”-shaped (
<figureCitation id="08BD2A33FFBA717CFA85FF155EDCF8B9" box="[1336,1415,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1435,181,1476]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911. A, preserved specimen (UFPEPOR 2346); B, thin section showing the choanosome and ectosome; C, style; D, tylote; E–F, arcuate isochelae; G–H, sigmas. Scales: A = 2 cm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 25 µm; E–F = 5 µm; G–H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig 4F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D89C653DFFBA717CFF7AFF715ADEF80D" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="903936B6FFBA717CFF7AFF715838F870" blockId="5.[151,1437,1436,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF7AFF715A74F89D" bold="true" box="[199,303,1868,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Ecology:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="20EE3CEBFFBA717CFE8AFF715804F870" country="Brazil" county="Goiana" elevation="1" location="The" municipality="Ponta de Pedras Beach" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
<location id="9559606DFFBA717CFE8AFF715A38F89D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182F87A0FFBA717EFF2AFCF358B7FDE2:9559606DFFBA717CFE8AFF715A38F89D" box="[311,355,1868,1894]" country="Brazil" county="Goiana" municipality="Ponta de Pedras Beach" name="The" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" stateProvince="Pernambuco">The</location>
specimen was collected manually from the sandstone reefs of
<collectingMunicipality id="705DACCCFFBA717CFB93FF705E68F89D" box="[1070,1331,1868,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Ponta de Pedras Beach</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCounty id="79584E3AFFBA717CFAFEFF715EC3F89D" box="[1347,1432,1868,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Goiana</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="5242F854FFBA717CFF2AFF4D5A3EF871" box="[151,357,1904,1930]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Pernambuco State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E8917626FFBA717CFECDFF4D5AE2F871" box="[368,441,1904,1930]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), at &lt;
<elevation id="1BABD185FFBA717CFE47FF4D5931F871" box="[506,618,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="m" value="1.0">
<quantity id="577E9B53FFBA717CFE47FF4D5979F870" box="[506,546,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, in the intertidal zone
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903936B6FFBA717CFF7AFFA95ADEF80D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1436,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFF7AFFA95957F855" bold="true" box="[199,524,1940,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
Found from Cape Cod (Massachusetts) to coastal North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida,
<collectingCountry id="E8917626FFBA717CFEE2FF855A9DF829" box="[351,454,1976,2002]" name="Bahamas" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E8917626FFBA717CFE43FF85591DF829" box="[510,582,1976,2002]" name="Belize" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Belize</collectingCountry>
(Ŗtzler
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFBA717CFD0CFF8459B1F829" box="[689,746,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
2007). In
<collectingCountry id="E8917626FFBA717CFCDCFF8558FEF829" box="[865,933,1976,2002]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Brazil</collectingCountry>
it has only been recorded from
<collectingRegion id="5242F854FFBA717CFAADFF855B94F80D" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Pernambuco State</collectingRegion>
(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C4F9663EFFB9717FFF2AFDE159A0F9C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8281729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281729/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" startId="6.[151,250,1500,1524]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="903936B6FFB9717FFF2AFDE159A0F9C6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1500,1597]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFF2AFDE15A43FA0F" bold="true" box="[151,280,1500,1524]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57864D35FFB9717FFE9CFDE158DBFA0F" authority="Wilson, 1911" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1911" box="[289,896,1500,1525]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carolinensis" subGenus="Lissodendoryx">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFE9CFDE15AEEFA0F" box="[289,437,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFE75FDE15907FA0F" box="[456,604,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFDD3FDE159B2FA0F" box="[622,745,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">carolinensis</emphasis>
Wilson, 1911
</taxonomicName>
. A, preserved specimen (UFPEPOR 2346); B, thin section showing the choanosome and ectosome; C, style; D, tylote; E–F, arcuate isochelae; G–H, sigmas. Scales: A = 2 cm; B = 20 µm; C = 10 µm; D = 25 µm; E–F = 5 µm; G–H = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C4F9663EFFB9717FFF2AFEAD5EC7F953" box="[151,1436,1680,1705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" startId="6.[151,239,1680,1704]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="903936B6FFB9717FFF2AFEAD5EC7F953" blockId="6.[151,1436,1680,1740]" box="[151,1436,1680,1705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFF2AFEAD5A52F953" bold="true" box="[151,265,1680,1704]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of micrometric data of
<taxonomicName id="57864D35FFB9717FFD3AFEAD5FB5F953" authority="Wilson, 1911" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1911" box="[647,1262,1680,1705]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carolinensis" subGenus="Lissodendoryx">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFD3AFEAD5878F953" box="[647,803,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFC8CFEAD5896F953" box="[817,973,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFC66FEAD5F07F953" box="[987,1116,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">carolinensis</emphasis>
Wilson, 1911
</taxonomicName>
spicules. Values
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="903936B6FFB9717FFF2AFE895F16F937" blockId="6.[151,1436,1680,1740]" box="[151,1101,1716,1740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<tableNote id="6D603738FFB9717FFF2AFE895F16F937" box="[151,1101,1716,1740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" targetBox="[163,1356,1756,1952]" targetPageId="6">
in micrometers (µm), expressed as: minimum–maximum or minimum–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFC2DFE885896F937" bold="true" box="[912,973,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">mean</emphasis>
–maximum.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="903936B6FFB9717FFF1EFEE15E17F85B" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<table id="E286C416FFB98E86FF1EFEE15E17F85B" box="[163,1356,1756,1952]" gridcols="5" gridrows="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<tr id="2EB634F4FFB98E86FF1EFEE15E17F90F" box="[163,1356,1756,1780]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<th id="6D675D88FFB98E86FF1EFEE15AF5F90F" box="[163,430,1756,1780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFF1EFEE15A4EF90F" bold="true" box="[163,277,1756,1780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Specimens</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D675D88FFB98E86FE64FEE159CAF90F" box="[473,657,1756,1780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFE64FEE1597DF90F" bold="true" box="[473,550,1756,1780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Tylotes</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D675D88FFB98E86FD7BFEE15825F90F" box="[710,894,1756,1780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFD7BFEE1585EF90F" bold="true" box="[710,773,1756,1780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Styles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D675D88FFB98E86FC75FEE15FD2F90F" box="[968,1161,1756,1780]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFC75FEE15FD2F90F" bold="true" box="[968,1161,1756,1780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Arcuate Isochelae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D675D88FFB98E86FB0BFEE15E17F90F" box="[1206,1356,1756,1780]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFB0BFEE15E58F90F" bold="true" box="[1206,1283,1756,1780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Sigmas</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2EB634F4FFB98E86FF1EFF395E17F8E4" box="[163,1356,1796,1823]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<th id="6D675D88FFB98E86FF1EFF395AF5F8E4" box="[163,430,1796,1823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFF1EFF385B80F8E7" box="[163,219,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">sensu</emphasis>
Ŗtzler
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFE8FFF385A04F8E7" box="[306,351,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</th>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FE64FF3959CAF8E4" box="[473,657,1796,1823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">182–200 / 3.3–4.7</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FD7BFF395825F8E4" box="[710,894,1796,1823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">161–202 / 3.5–5.5</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FC75FF395FD2F8E4" box="[968,1161,1796,1823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">I–18–26</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FB0BFF395E17F8E4" box="[1206,1356,1796,1823]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">I–23–41</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EB634F4FFB98E86FF1EFF0F5E17F8B1" box="[163,1356,1842,1866]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FC75FF0F5FD2F8B1" box="[968,1161,1842,1866]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">II–12–15</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FB0BFF0F5E17F8B1" box="[1206,1356,1842,1866]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">II–19–22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EB634F4FFB98E86FF1EFF675E17F889" box="[163,1356,1882,1906]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<th id="6D675D88FFB98E86FF1EFF675AF5F889" box="[163,430,1882,1906]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Present study</th>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FE64FF6759CAF889" box="[473,657,1882,1906]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
174–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFDB1FF67591EF889" bold="true" box="[524,581,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">184.5</emphasis>
–209 /
</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FD7BFF675825F889" box="[710,894,1882,1906]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
151–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFD44FF675844F889" bold="true" box="[761,799,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">160</emphasis>
–177 /
</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FC75FF675FD2F889" box="[968,1161,1882,1906]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
I–22–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFBBEFF675F74F889" bold="true" box="[1027,1071,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">27.7</emphasis>
–32
</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FB0BFF675E17F889" box="[1206,1356,1882,1906]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
I–38–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFB4CFF675E46F889" bold="true" box="[1265,1309,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">42.8</emphasis>
–48
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EB634F4FFB98E86FF1EFF4A5E17F85B" box="[163,1356,1911,1952]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FE64FF4A59CAF85B" box="[473,657,1911,1952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
3–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFE4FFFBA5949F864" bold="true" box="[498,530,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">4.2</emphasis>
–6
</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FD7BFF4A5825F85B" box="[710,894,1911,1952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
4–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFD5DFF4A585BF874" bold="true" box="[736,768,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">5.8</emphasis>
–6
</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FC75FF4A5FD2F85B" box="[968,1161,1911,1952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
II–11–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFBB7FFBA5F6DF864" bold="true" box="[1034,1078,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">13.3</emphasis>
–16
</td>
<td id="6D675D88FFB98E86FB0BFF4A5E17F85B" box="[1206,1356,1911,1952]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
II–14–
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB9717FFB47FFBA5E7DF864" bold="true" box="[1274,1318,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">17.6</emphasis>
–19
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="D89C653DFFB8717EFF7AF8AA58B7FDE2" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="903936B6FFB8717EFF7AF8AA58B7FDE2" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB8717EFF7AF8AA5A66FF4A" bold="true" box="[199,317,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Remarks:</emphasis>
The analyzed specimen was identified as belonging to the subgenus
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB8717EFBF2F8AA5F04FF4B" box="[1103,1119,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">L</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="57864D35FFB8717EFBCAF8AA5E41FF4A" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" box="[1143,1306,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB8717EFBCAF8AA5E41FF4A" box="[1143,1306,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) because it presents styles as choanosomal megascleres and tylotes as ectosomal megascleres. It has a spicular set similar to that described by Ŗtzler
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB8717EFE03F8E25AA3FF02" box="[446,504,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
(2007) for the species
<taxonomicName id="57864D35FFB8717EFCBFF8E25F33FF02" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1911" box="[770,1128,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Lissodendoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carolinensis" subGenus="Lissodendoryx">
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB8717EFCBFF8E25842FF03" box="[770,793,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB8717EFC96F8E25895FF02" box="[811,974,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Lissodendoryx</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB8717EFC5DF8E25F33FF02" box="[992,1128,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so it was identified as the aforementioned species. The Caribbean specimens, as described by Ŗtzler
<emphasis id="A2F2EAA4FFB8717EFC63F93E5F4EFEE6" box="[990,1045,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
(2007), show external morphology and coloration different from the Brazilian specimen studied here, where it was possible to observe a yellowish-pink coloration and arborescent shape, with the absence of oscules, while in the Caribbean specimens the coloration can vary from blue, green and greenish-tan, to dirty orange and bright orange. Its shape is tubular, similar to a chimney, with a single oscule at the top. In addition, there are also differences in the size of isochelae I and II and sigmas I and II, with isochelae I and II and sigmas I being larger in the Brazilian specimen. Sigmas II are larger in the specimens from the Caribbean (see
<tableCitation id="DD04030DFFB8717EFE14F9E65AA1FE0E" box="[425,506,475,501]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1680,1704]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of micrometric data of Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) carolinensis Wilson, 1911 spicules. Values" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Table 1</tableCitation>
). These differences are considered intraspecific variations in the wide geographical distribution of the species. This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="E8917626FFB8717EFC1DF9C258B3FDE2" box="[928,1000,511,537]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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