262 lines
23 KiB
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262 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.65760" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67eddd14-2ce9-43d9-8ad6-a811c6a6ea7d" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-82-253" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8FB3D63D7AA85D0B9084BCA247C360F7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741830" ID-ZooBank="47FBD08BB6AE4004A25FCB7F3FB8D13F" ModsDocID="1314-2607-82-253" checkinTime="1619783768825" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lopes, Rogerio Botion, Carpenter, James M. & Noll, Fernando Barabosa" docDate="2021" docId="14BD47E8327F5BD2AB5E098DF3D80C3A" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 82: 253-283" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82" docPubDate="2021-04-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.65760" docTitle="Zethus (Zethastrum) Lopes 2021, subg. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="07FE7FD8-2DDE-4603-8622-F32BEBD8DF5C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="8FB3D63D7AA85D0B9084BCA247C360F7" lastPageNumber="253" masterDocId="8FB3D63D7AA85D0B9084BCA247C360F7" masterDocTitle="Cladistic analysis of Zethus Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): a new subgeneric classification" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="253" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1678755782231" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cladistic analysis of Zethus Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): a new subgeneric classification</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lopes, Rogerio Botion</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-1152</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Aculeata. Departamento de Zoologia e Botanica. Instituto de Biociencias, Letras e Ciencias Exatas. Universidade Estadual Paulista " Julio de Mesquita Filho ". Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rbotlopes@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-8028</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology. American Museum of Natural History. New York, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Noll, Fernando Barabosa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Aculeata. Departamento de Zoologia e Botanica. Instituto de Biociencias, Letras e Ciencias Exatas. Universidade Estadual Paulista " Julio de Mesquita Filho ". Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>82</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>253</mods:start>
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<mods:end>283</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.65760</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.65760</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-82-253</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">47FBD08BB6AE4004A25FCB7F3FB8D13F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8FB3D63D7AA85D0B9084BCA247C360F7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4741830</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181758052" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:07FE7FD8-2DDE-4603-8622-F32BEBD8DF5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14BD47E8327F5BD2AB5E098DF3D80C3A" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/07FE7FD8-2DDE-4603-8622-F32BEBD8DF5C" authority="Lopes" authorityName="Lopes" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus (Zethastrum)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subg. nov." subGenus="Zethastrum">Zethus (Zethastrum) Lopes</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="253">subg. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Synapomorphic characters of Zethus (Zethastrum) indicated in Z. ceylonicus A habitus B labial palpus C propodeum and basal portion of petiole, posterior view; arrowhead indicates submedian carina; arrow indicates basal longitudinal carina in first tergum D third metasomal tergum, lateral view; arrow indicates confluent indent. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.65760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537929" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus ceylonicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zethus ceylonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure, 1867.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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Male antennae hook-like. Interantennal carinas present or absent. Clypeus of female withour microstriae, short, usually with apical teeth. Male mandible with three or four teeth.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Galea stub-like.</emphasis>
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Labial palpi 4-segmented with
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">palpomere I straight</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Synapomorphic characters of Zethus (Zethastrum) indicated in Z. ceylonicus A habitus B labial palpus C propodeum and basal portion of petiole, posterior view; arrowhead indicates submedian carina; arrow indicates basal longitudinal carina in first tergum D third metasomal tergum, lateral view; arrow indicates confluent indent. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.65760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537929" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">9B</figureCitation>
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). Occipital carina ventrally complete. Vertex flat. Genal margin evenly convex. Pronotal carina short, slightly sinuous laterally. Pre-tegular carina absent. Welts absent.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Notaulices complete.</emphasis>
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Tegula evenly convex with
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">outer margin completely raised.</emphasis>
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Epicnemial carina variable. Mesepimeron without carina. Mid tibia with two spurs. Metanotum usually anteriorly margined, with lateral carina of variable length. Spines in posterior tibiae of females, when present, restricted to basal portion. Apical angle of marginal cell obtuse. Dorsal aperture of propodeum present.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Submedian carina present</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Synapomorphic characters of Zethus (Zethastrum) indicated in Z. ceylonicus A habitus B labial palpus C propodeum and basal portion of petiole, posterior view; arrowhead indicates submedian carina; arrow indicates basal longitudinal carina in first tergum D third metasomal tergum, lateral view; arrow indicates confluent indent. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.65760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537929" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">9C</figureCitation>
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), but variable in the group; lateral carina present, with variable length;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">sublateral carina complete.</emphasis>
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Dorsal margin of propodeal orifice rounded or acute. Apical propodeal lamella triangular. T1 with short stem and long expansion with semi-parallel sides,
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">with basal dorsal carina</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Synapomorphic characters of Zethus (Zethastrum) indicated in Z. ceylonicus A habitus B labial palpus C propodeum and basal portion of petiole, posterior view; arrowhead indicates submedian carina; arrow indicates basal longitudinal carina in first tergum D third metasomal tergum, lateral view; arrow indicates confluent indent. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.65760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537929" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">9C</figureCitation>
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). S1 with elliptical anterior margin.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Lamella of T2 well developed. T3 with depression</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">lamella with confluent indent</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Synapomorphic characters of Zethus (Zethastrum) indicated in Z. ceylonicus A habitus B labial palpus C propodeum and basal portion of petiole, posterior view; arrowhead indicates submedian carina; arrow indicates basal longitudinal carina in first tergum D third metasomal tergum, lateral view; arrow indicates confluent indent. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.82.65760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537929" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">9D</figureCitation>
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). Lamella of T3 and S3 simple. S5 and 6 of males without carinas.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Aedeagus with short basal plate. Digitus with basal projection and basal tuft.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741856" doi="10.3897/jhr.82.65760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/537929" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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Synapomorphic characters of
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<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Lopes" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus (Zethastrum)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zethastrum">Zethus (Zethastrum)</taxonomicName>
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indicated in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. ceylonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="ceylonicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. ceylonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">A</emphasis>
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habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">B</emphasis>
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labial palpus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">C</emphasis>
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propodeum and basal portion of petiole, posterior view; arrowhead indicates submedian carina; arrow indicates basal longitudinal carina in first tergum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">D</emphasis>
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third metasomal tergum, lateral view; arrow indicates confluent indent. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="observations">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Observations.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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Only three of four species-groups from the Oriental region were sampled:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. quadridentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="quadridentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. quadridentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group (represented by
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. varipunctatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="varipunctatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. varipunctatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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);
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. luzonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="luzonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. luzonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group (represented by
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. fulgens" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="fulgens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. fulgens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. dolosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="dolosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. dolosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group (all the other Oriental
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lopes & Carpenter & Noll" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zethus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Although the present analysis shows the basal longitudinal carina and weak apical constriction of T1 as synapomorphies for the subgenus and constant throut the clade, the sampling may not be as optimal as presumed, leaving out species with different traits than what was portrayed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.71.34871" author="Wang, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="209 - 224" refId="B66" refString="Wang, H, Chen, B, Li, T, 2019. Three new species of the genus Zethus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China, with an updated key to the Oriental species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 71: 209 - 224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.71.34871" title="Three new species of the genus Zethus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China, with an updated key to the Oriental species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.71.34871" volume="71" year="2019">Wang et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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recently published three new species and a key to the Oriental species. The constriction of T1 is occasionally used in their key, highlighting the existence of specimens with a stronger constriction. However, this is not illustrated, making it impossible to determine to what degree the sclerite narrows. Still, clearly strong constrictions are illustrated for the newly described species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. asperipunctatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="asperipunctatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. asperipunctatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wang and Li and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. nullimarginatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="nullimarginatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. nullimarginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wang and Li. The basal longitudinal carine of T1 was not used in the key, but in the two aforementioned species, the structure was not observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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The
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. dolosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="dolosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. dolosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group appears to be paraphyletic in relation to the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. quadridentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="quadridentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. quadridentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. A thorough analysis is needed of
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<taxonomicName authority="" lsidName="Z. (Zethastrum)" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zethastrum">Z. (Zethastrum)</taxonomicName>
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including representatives from the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus trimaculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zethus trimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group to verify the validity of the assemblages.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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Although
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<bibRefCitation author="Gusenleitner, J" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="97 - 104" refId="B38" refString="Gusenleitner, J, 2007. Bemerkenswerte Faltenwespen-Funde aus der orientalischen Region Teil 3 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae, Eumeninae). Linzer biologische Beitraege 39 (1): 97 - 104" title="Bemerkenswerte Faltenwespen-Funde aus der orientalischen Region Teil 3 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae, Eumeninae)." volume="39" year="2007">Gusenleitner (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. fulgens" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="fulgens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. fulgens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comparing it to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. nigerrimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. nigerrimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a species in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus trimaculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zethus trimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, the type was examined, and it fits more properly the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. luzonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="luzonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. luzonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4232.3.13" author="Selis, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="444 - 450" refId="B59" refString="Selis, M, 2017. Revision of the Zethus luzonensis species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4232 (3): 444 - 450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4232.3.13" title="Revision of the Zethus luzonensis species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4232.3.13" volume="4232" year="2017">Selis (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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recently revised this group, but left
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. fulgens" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="fulgens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Z. fulgens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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out, just as
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.71.34871" author="Wang, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="209 - 224" refId="B66" refString="Wang, H, Chen, B, Li, T, 2019. Three new species of the genus Zethus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China, with an updated key to the Oriental species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 71: 209 - 224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.71.34871" title="Three new species of the genus Zethus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China, with an updated key to the Oriental species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.71.34871" volume="71" year="2019">Wang et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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did not key it in couplets along with the group. However, in its description (Gusenleitner, 2007), more emphasis is given to punctation and color and little attention is given to the pilosity, an outstanding and diagnostic trait of the group and so, it is no surprise Selis did not consider examining this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Palearctic and Oriental.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="included species-groups">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Included species-groups.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus dolosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zethus dolosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus luzonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luzonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zethus luzonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus quadridentatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zethus quadridentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus trimaculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">Zethus trimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
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The subgeneric name comes from the radical
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lopes & Carpenter & Noll" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Zethus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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accompanied by the suffix -
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">astrum</emphasis>
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which stands for incomplete resemblance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="included species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Included species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">29.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |