275 lines
42 KiB
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275 lines
42 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" ID-ZooBank="7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-99" checkinTime="1667366289781" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Moers, Thomas" docDate="2022" docId="14130CC99D4F5FC38573A8624152D9BF" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 99-145" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" docTitle="Chelotriton sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" masterDocTitle="Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1667366289781" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vasilyan, Davit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0678</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland & Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">davit.vasilyan@jurassica.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-2503</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moers, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-5824</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-05-10</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>145</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-99</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:14130CC99D4F5FC38573A8624152D9BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14130CC99D4F5FC38573A8624152D9BF" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="14130CC9-9D4F-5FC3-8573-A8624152D9BF" authority="sp." authorityName="sp." class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chelotriton sp.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figs 5G-5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 6M</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Four frontals HLMD-Ez 2070-2073, four prefrontals HLMD-Ez 2068-2069, one nasal HLMD-Ez 2058, seven maxillae HLMD-Ez 2063-2065, two squamosals HLMD-Ez 2066-2067, one dentary HLMD-Ez 2057, five trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2059-2061, ten ribs HLMD-Ez 2053-2056.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Frontal: All four frontals are fragmentarily preserved. They represent individuals of different sizes. The frontal is widest at its most complete posterior portion. Its dorsal surface is covered by dermal ornamentation (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5G, I, K</figureCitation>
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). The bone is slightly bent along its midline between the fronto-squamosal arch (sensu
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2007.11.004" author="Ivanov, M" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="465 - 492" refId="B68" refString="Ivanov, M, 2008. Early Miocene Amphibians (Caudata, Salientia) from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) with comments on the evolution of Early Miocene amphibian assemblages in Central Europe. Geobios 41: 465 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2007.11.004" title="Early Miocene Amphibians (Caudata, Salientia) from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) with comments on the evolution of Early Miocene amphibian assemblages in Central Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2007.11.004" volume="41" year="2008">Ivanov 2008</bibRefCitation>
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) and the rest of the bone. The fronto-squamosal arch projects posteriorly behind the main part of the bone. In ventral view, the partes contactae are reduced and run parallel along the anteroposterior axis of the bone. The braincase roof, located medially from the pars contacta, is delimited by a low crest of a semilunar outline (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5H, J, L</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Prefrontal: The prefrontals are wing-shaped bones, anteriorly broad and posteriorly narrowing to a sharp tip (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5M-N</figureCitation>
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). The lateral margin (margo orbitalis) of the bone forms the anterodorsal wall of the orbit. The anterior corner of the margo orbitalis is pierced by the foramina of the V nerve. In ventral view, the ventral vertical wall separates the margo orbitalis from the rest of the bone. The articulation surface with the frontal bone, located at the posterolateral margin of the bone, is massive and more strongly developed than any other margin of the bone.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Nasal: The nasal bone has a nearly rectangular outline (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5O-P</figureCitation>
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). All its margins are flat, without any concave outlines. Its dorsal surface is slightly rounded and possesses dermal ornamentation. In ventral view, parallel to the medial margin of the bone a ridge for articulation with the premaxillae is present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Maxilla: only the posterior portions of the bone without dentition are present in the material. In dorsal view, the bone is narrow and a thin-walled horizontal pterygoid process projects lingually (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5S, U</figureCitation>
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). In lateral view, the bone surface is covered by dermal ornamentation made of a dense network of small pits and pustules. Posteriorly the bone increase in height. In lingual view, the bone surface is smooth (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5R, T</figureCitation>
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). The articulation surface with the quadratojugal bone is located on the posterodorsal surface of the bone. The size and dimensions of the articulation surface vary among available maxillae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Squamosal: Two squamosals are partially preserved. In dorsal view, the HLMD-Ez 2066 is nearly semilunar in outline (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5V</figureCitation>
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). The frontal process is curved slightly medially and possesses a vertical and almost flat articulation surface with the frontal. The lateral margin of the bone is rounded. The dorsal surface of the bone is somewhat horizontal and is covered by dermal ornamentation similar to other skull bones. The parietal process (in HLMD-Ez 2067, Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5X</figureCitation>
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) has a horizontal surface. It is slightly shorter but broader than the frontal process. In ventral view, a medioposteriorly oriented ridge, corresponding to the base of the ventral process of the bone, is visible. Posteriorly from the ridge, the bone surface is moderately concave.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Dentary: The fragmentary-preserved dentary is 1.7 mm in height. In lingual view, it shows a very low dental shelf with traces of the tooth pedicles. The preserved portion of the Meckelian groove is narrow and rather shallow (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5Z</figureCitation>
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). Another but smaller groove is observable below the posterior half of the Meckelian groove, resembling most probably the articulation surface with the coronoid. In lateral view, the dentary is heavily ornamented by pits and pustules (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5Y</figureCitation>
|
|
). A remarkable concave surface separates the portion of the dental shelf from the rest of the bone.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Trunk vertebrae: the vertebrae are robust. The opistocoelous vertebra centrum is massive and slightly dorsoventrally flattened. The neural crest is nearly as high as the vertebra centrum (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6B, I</figureCitation>
|
|
). In dorsal view, its dorsal surface possesses a flat and (elongate) triangular in outline plate, which is covered by a dermal ornamentation made of deep pits and low pustules (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae of Salamandra sp. (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2029; F. HLDM-Ez 2031) and (G-Z) cranial bones of Chelotriton sp. from the Echzell, including frontals (G, H. HLDM-Ez 2070; I-J. HLDM-Ez 2071; K, L. HLDM-Ez 2072), prefrontal (M, N. HLDM-Ez 2068), nasal (O, P. HLDM-Ez 2058), maxillae (Q-S. HLDM-Ez 2063; T-U. HLDM-Ez 2064), squamosals (X. HLDM-Ez 2067; V, W. HLDM-Ez 2066) and dentary (Y, Z. HLDM-Ez 2057). The bones are figures in dorsal (A, F, G, I, K, M, O, S, X, V) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C, H, J, L, N, P, W) ventral, (D) anterior, (E) posterior, (Q, Y) labial and (R, T, Z) lingual views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682225" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5A, H</figureCitation>
|
|
). This place can be well developed and projects over the neural arch. Anteriorly, the neural crest does not reach the anterior tip of the neural arch (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
). The pre- and postzygapophyses are round or elongated and project (latero-)anteriorly. The neural arch between the anterior half of the prezygapophyses has a smooth and convex surface. In anterior view, the neural canal is rounded or nearly triangular in outline (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6F</figureCitation>
|
|
). The condyle has a dorsoventrally flattened oval shape.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Vertebrae (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A-E.</emphasis>
|
|
HLDM-Ez 2059;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F-J.</emphasis>
|
|
HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K.</emphasis>
|
|
HLDM-Ez 2054;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">L.</emphasis>
|
|
HLDM-Ez 2053;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">M.</emphasis>
|
|
HLDM-Ez 2055) of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. Frontal (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">N, O.</emphasis>
|
|
HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">P, Q.</emphasis>
|
|
HLDM-Ez 2036;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">R, S.</emphasis>
|
|
HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Salamandridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
indet. from Echzell. Bones in (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, H, N</emphasis>
|
|
) dorsal, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, I</emphasis>
|
|
) lateral, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, J, O</emphasis>
|
|
) ventral, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D, F</emphasis>
|
|
) anterior, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, G</emphasis>
|
|
) posterior, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K, L, M, P, S</emphasis>
|
|
) posterior/anterior and (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Q, R</emphasis>
|
|
) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Small subprezygapophyseal foramina (sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3025" author="Vasilyan, D" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B135" refString="Vasilyan, D, Zazhigin, VS, Boehme, M, 2017. Neogene amphibians and reptiles (Caudata, Anura, Gekkota, Lacertilia, Testudines) from south of Western Siberia, Russia and Northeastern Kazakhstan. PeerJ 5: e3025. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3025" title="Neogene amphibians and reptiles (Caudata, Anura, Gekkota, Lacertilia, Testudines) from south of Western Siberia, Russia and Northeastern Kazakhstan. PeerJ 5: e 3025." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3025" year="2017">Vasilyan et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) can be present at the basis of the prezygapophyses. In lateral view, the transverse process is connected with the postzygapophysis by a clearly visible dorsal lamina (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6B, I</figureCitation>
|
|
). The posterior alar process connecting the parapophysis with the cotyle is smaller than the dorsal lamina. The prezygapophysis is connected with the parapophysis by a well-developed accessory alar process. A very thin anterior alar process connects the base of the prezygapophysis with the parapophysis of the transverse process. In ventral view, rather large-sized subcentral foramina and rather smaller foramina are visible on the ventral surface of vertebrae. The transverse process consists of para- and diapophysis, which, though located close to each other, are separated by a thin lamina (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6B</figureCitation>
|
|
). In posterior view, the pterygapophysis possesses two distinct notches.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Ribs: All ribs are fragmentarily preserved. The articulation joints with the transverse process of the vertebrae are bicapitate. Both articulation heads are rounded and connected with a thin bone lamina (HLMD-Ez 2053, Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6L</figureCitation>
|
|
). The dorsal surface of all ribs possesses two (HLMD-Ez 2054, Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6K</figureCitation>
|
|
) to five (HLMD-Ez 2055, Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6M</figureCitation>
|
|
) spines of different sizes and orientations.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Based on the combination of the following characters, the described fossil remains can be attributed to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, broadly known from the Cenozoic deposits of Europe: 1) the presence of the characteristic dorsal ornamentation on skull bones and the horizontal plate of the neural spine of vertebrae; 2) the pterygoid process of the maxillae connected with the pterygoid; 3) the presence of spines on the ribs and 4) general morphology and dimensions of the bones (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2007.11.004" author="Ivanov, M" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="465 - 492" refId="B68" refString="Ivanov, M, 2008. Early Miocene Amphibians (Caudata, Salientia) from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) with comments on the evolution of Early Miocene amphibian assemblages in Central Europe. Geobios 41: 465 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2007.11.004" title="Early Miocene Amphibians (Caudata, Salientia) from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) with comments on the evolution of Early Miocene amphibian assemblages in Central Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2007.11.004" volume="41" year="2008">Ivanov 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0182-8" author="Schoch, RR" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="77 - 86" refId="B113" refString="Schoch, RR, Poschmann, M, Kupfer, A, 2015. The salamandrid Chelotriton paradoxus from Enspel and Randeck Maars (Oligocene-Miocene, Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 95: 77 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0182-8" title="The salamandrid Chelotriton paradoxus from Enspel and Randeck Maars (Oligocene-Miocene, Germany)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0182-8" volume="95" year="2015">Schoch et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-019-00381-8" author="Vasilyan, D" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="437 - 455" refId="B133" refString="Vasilyan, D, 2020. Fish, amphibian and reptilian assemblage from the middle Miocene locality Gracanica-Bugojno palaeolake, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 100: 437 - 455, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-019-00381-8" title="Fish, amphibian and reptilian assemblage from the middle Miocene locality Gracanica-Bugojno palaeolake, Bosnia and Herzegovina." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-019-00381-8" volume="100" year="2020">Vasilyan 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The remains cannot be clearly assigned to any known species of the genus due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the taxonomic diversity within the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
genus. However, some comparative remarks can be given below. The described skull bones differ significantly from all so far known
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
records. For example, the frontal shows an intermediate morphology observable in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp 1. and sp. 2 from
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mokrá-Western">Mokra-Western</normalizedToken>
|
|
Quarry, Czech Republic, early Miocene (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2007.11.004" author="Ivanov, M" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="465 - 492" refId="B68" refString="Ivanov, M, 2008. Early Miocene Amphibians (Caudata, Salientia) from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) with comments on the evolution of Early Miocene amphibian assemblages in Central Europe. Geobios 41: 465 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2007.11.004" title="Early Miocene Amphibians (Caudata, Salientia) from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) with comments on the evolution of Early Miocene amphibian assemblages in Central Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2007.11.004" volume="41" year="2008">Ivanov 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1853" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton paradoxus" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton paradoxus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the Enspel Maar, Germany, late Oligocene, and Randecker Maar, Germany, early Miocene (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0182-8" author="Schoch, RR" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="77 - 86" refId="B113" refString="Schoch, RR, Poschmann, M, Kupfer, A, 2015. The salamandrid Chelotriton paradoxus from Enspel and Randeck Maars (Oligocene-Miocene, Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 95: 77 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0182-8" title="The salamandrid Chelotriton paradoxus from Enspel and Randeck Maars (Oligocene-Miocene, Germany)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0182-8" volume="95" year="2015">Schoch et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The shape of the squamosal in the Echzell material can be found only in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. from Orsberg, Germany, late Oligocene (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137068" author="Marjanovic, D" journalOrPublisher="Salvi, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B85" refString="Marjanovic, D, Witzmann, F, 2015. An Extremely Peramorphic Newt (Urodela: Salamandridae: Pleurodelini) from the Latest Oligocene of Germany, and a New Phylogenetic Analysis of Extant and Extinct Salamandrids. PLoS ONE 10: e0137068. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137068" title="An Extremely Peramorphic Newt (Urodela: Salamandridae: Pleurodelini) from the Latest Oligocene of Germany, and a New Phylogenetic Analysis of Extant and Extinct Salamandrids. PLoS ONE 10: e 0137068." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137068" year="2015">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marjanović">Marjanovic</normalizedToken>
|
|
and Witzmann 2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), where a bone of a similar shape is named as a quadratojugal-quadrate bone. The nasal from Echzell (nearly rectangular in outline) can be clearly distinguished from that of all known forms in which the form varies from irregular-shaped one (e.g. in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1853" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton paradoxus" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton paradoxus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Enspel,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-010-0042-0" author="Rocek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="321 - 340" refId="B105" refString="Rocek, Z, Wuttke, M, 2010. Amphibia of Enspel (Late Oligocene, Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 90: 321 - 340, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-010-0042-0" title="Amphibia of Enspel (Late Oligocene, Germany)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-010-0042-0" volume="90" year="2010">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Roček">Rocek</normalizedToken>
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and Wuttke 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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) to trapezoid-shaped in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. form Orsberg (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137068" author="Marjanovic, D" journalOrPublisher="Salvi, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B85" refString="Marjanovic, D, Witzmann, F, 2015. An Extremely Peramorphic Newt (Urodela: Salamandridae: Pleurodelini) from the Latest Oligocene of Germany, and a New Phylogenetic Analysis of Extant and Extinct Salamandrids. PLoS ONE 10: e0137068. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137068" title="An Extremely Peramorphic Newt (Urodela: Salamandridae: Pleurodelini) from the Latest Oligocene of Germany, and a New Phylogenetic Analysis of Extant and Extinct Salamandrids. PLoS ONE 10: e 0137068." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137068" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Marjanović">Marjanovic</normalizedToken>
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and Witzmann 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Most probable, the suggested high variability of the skull bone (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0182-8" author="Schoch, RR" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="77 - 86" refId="B113" refString="Schoch, RR, Poschmann, M, Kupfer, A, 2015. The salamandrid Chelotriton paradoxus from Enspel and Randeck Maars (Oligocene-Miocene, Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 95: 77 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0182-8" title="The salamandrid Chelotriton paradoxus from Enspel and Randeck Maars (Oligocene-Miocene, Germany)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-014-0182-8" volume="95" year="2015">Schoch et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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) can be explained by uncovered high specific diversity of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Thus, at this stage of knowledge, we describe the fossil remains of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with an open nomenclature.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |