209 lines
21 KiB
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209 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="802B0EE8D76E32D6E3371821B30CB4BA">Sea snakes (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae) in their westernmost extent: an updated and illustrated checklist and key to the species in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DB592FFF56174512FA3BF67C7D7CB298">Rezaie-Atagholipour, Mohsen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B83913B918C1A25CBFD3B8A0DFDD161">Ghezellou, Parviz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AEFC23E1071B7878EEF8A5D74B21256">Hesni, Majid Askari</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD1C37FB899DB93ECB914BEC5C481E38">Dakhteh, Seyyed Mohammad Hashem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E7F7AE17B65385F4DC84E688BDCD1E8">Ahmadian, Hooman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C93A56142FE81A8FCB37758BA5E8C40B">Vidal, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="796EE08D1462D7776FCE6E7916BCAAB2">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E70A718D1940599DF82DC54A90954FE0">622</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A255EB5CBC05B3841C9B37333EF388B5">129</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="77153E01C642672B0DC6D83355AE16EB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AFD8B88C1A311DA0DA6C6B19420AE3EF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.622.9939</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="14085641CBCF6C62F7018E22FCF29ABA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127887404" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:14085641CBCF6C62F7018E22FCF29ABA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14085641CBCF6C62F7018E22FCF29ABA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="15" pageNumber="144" scope_family="Elapidae" scope_subFamily="Hydrophiinae">
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<subSubSection id="FE0B0F31099B5AD42165AB7A5DE8290D" pageId="15" pageNumber="144" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="E31582C72D4B7946732899871F377E4A" pageId="15" pageNumber="144">Taxon classification Animalia Squamata Elapidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8625B17B181E2E350F4DC068900F38A0" pageId="15" pageNumber="144" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E98AFC22155CB2A03B2636AE2F14F3DC" pageId="15" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="D068EEB7799BABB10E3996F502368713" ID-CoL="3N8B8" LSID="Common names: English – Ornate Reef Sea Snake, Ornate Sea Snake; Farsi – Mâr-e daryâï-ye ârâsteh" authority="Gray, 1842" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis ornatus" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="144" rank="species" species="ornatus">Hydrophis ornatus (Gray, 1842)</taxonomicName>
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Figures 3d, 3e, 4c, 16, 17
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5C100A83C4322BD88CA8FD6ADBC39A53" pageId="16" pageNumber="145" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="07803AED42080899C7494C707C9EF263" pageId="16" pageNumber="145">
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||
<taxonomicName id="0B9239197945904F45E9CE6640ADB1C1" family="Elapidae" genus="Aturia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aturia ornata" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<pageBreakToken id="65A6A60FE7BC211B51DF3E6C670D641E" pageId="16" pageNumber="145" start="start">Aturia</pageBreakToken>
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ornata
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</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1842: 61.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B08531824D9B239D21ED309ED5BC23E" pageId="16" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName id="A1D6B8256CC6B79B7C83BC5FB5C9B5DE" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis elliotti" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="elliotti">Hydrophis elliotti</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation id="FB996DF42DAA0429EFEA20A6D467C7D0" author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="155" pagination="407 - 408" title="A list of the reptiles and batrachians obtained near Muscat, Arabia, and presented to the British Museum by Surgeon-Major ASG Jayakar." url="10.1080/00222938709460086" volume="5" year="1887">Boulenger 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 408.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE04397038965424CD087AE69C44A7D1" pageId="16" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName id="20055F71072AFC250D4C1D64904EB1C1" family="Elapidae" genus="Distira" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distira ornata" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="ornata">Distira ornata</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation id="0484F04562679E0A69451695B2920F9B" author="Werner, F" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="30" pageNumber="159" pagination="13 - 20" title="Ueber eine sammlung von Reptilien aus Persien, Mesopotamien und Arabien." url="10.5962/bhl.part.26910" volume="45" year="1895">Werner 1895</bibRefCitation>
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: 19. -
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<bibRefCitation id="1BE8CA97CE2CD2B272731048433EF80A" author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="26" pageNumber="155" title="Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History)" year="1896">Boulenger 1896</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 290.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="090EF62EA4DCE62EF331D041C4AF9E5C" pageId="16" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName id="ADE38E8225B1D63F00ABE773D56BB753" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis ornatus" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="145" rank="subspecies" species="ornatus" subspecies="ornatus">Hydrophis ornatus ornatus</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation id="E8EA2A3FF5B709C10B7E33C4B8443B44" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum (Natural History), London" pageId="29" pageNumber="158" title="Monograph of the Sea Snakes (Hydrophiidae)." year="1926">Smith 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 81. -
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<bibRefCitation id="DAB5E7F8AABCDB7847369C072483328D" author="Corkill, NL" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="26" pageNumber="155" pagination="475 - 506" title="The snakes of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra." volume="62" year="1965">Corkill and Cochrane 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 494. -
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<bibRefCitation id="FD94F8DF0D841DB96B7E57A94BA4C701" author="Joger, U" journalOrPublisher="Verlag, Wiesbaden" pageId="27" pageNumber="156" title="The venomous snakes of the Near and Middle East. L. R." year="1984">Joger 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 34. -
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<bibRefCitation id="9E30DBFA585D68A08141B9679D357A61" author="Leviton, AE" editor="Anderson, J" journalOrPublisher="Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles" pageId="27" pageNumber="156" title="Introduction: John Anderson (1833 - 1900) a zoologist in the Victorian period; checklist of the amphibian and reptiles of the Arabian Peninsula; Bibliography of John Anderson." volumeTitle="Herpetology of Arabia" year="1984">Leviton and Aldrich 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: XXIV. -
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<bibRefCitation id="0E2A5D6C93156681EE1FA9CE65BC4AC6" pageId="16" pageNumber="145">Gasperetti 1988</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E90C06DE09B959FC3DE3D84948B228F5" author="Firouz, E" journalOrPublisher="IB Tauris" pageId="26" pageNumber="155" title="The complete fauna of Iran" year="2005">Firouz 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 209.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A980CA6444F791C572CB81185A84DEDC" pageId="16" pageNumber="145">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4BEB6CD5110C9F2139A6ED4607ABDB4E" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis ornatus" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="145" rank="species" species="ornatus">Hydrophis ornatus</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation id="93C8355307F153B33DF1A9CE100CF0FD" author="Volsoe, H" editor="Jessen, K" journalOrPublisher="Copenhagen" pageId="30" pageNumber="159" pagination="9 - 45" title="The sea snakes of the Iranian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, with a summary of the biology of the sea snakes." volumeTitle="Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran" year="1939">
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<normalizedToken id="811D89E4B382C3896EAAF83AEDD23CD0" originalValue="Volsøe">Volsoe</normalizedToken>
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||
1939
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 18. -
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<bibRefCitation id="E4AE8A5BC01585B5DA344D0D81569EC6" author="Leviton, AE" journalOrPublisher="Athens, Ohio, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles" pageId="28" pageNumber="157" title="Handbook to Middle East amphibians and reptiles." year="1992">Leviton et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 45. -
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: 535. -
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: 240. -
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<bibRefCitation id="AB627139C3B12F6618A06ADEF2176B63" author="Safaei-Mahroo, B" journalOrPublisher="Asian Herpetological Research" pageId="29" pageNumber="158" pagination="257 - 290" title="The herpetofauna of Iran: checklist of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status." url="10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.140062" volume="6" year="2015">Safaei-Mahroo et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 282.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D66089AC995D3E618D992E2D2993D24D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="16" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="E2924478CCCCFD93DF8C243B80BC7178" pageId="16" pageNumber="145">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F3602A2C3416679EA814446851E8D85" pageId="16" pageNumber="145">Persian Gulf: 3 specimens, Bushehr Province [(ZMSBUK.HD.10), TL 813, SVL 722, HL 26, HW 16.7, GL 18.8, SNL 4.9, NEL 3.9, ND 53, GBD 80, NSL 7, NSR 35, BSR 42, NB 41; (ZMSBUK.HD.13), TL 879, SVL 791, HL 28.1, HW 15, GL 12.5, SNL 4.2, NEL 4, ND 55, GBD 89, NSL 7, NSR 40, BSR 44, NV 302, NB 46; (ZMSBUK.HD.16), TL 1200, SVL 1072, HL 36.6, HW 23.7, GL 27.6, SNL 6, NEL 5.2, ND 74, GBD 157, NSL 7, NSR 41, BSR 50, NV 306, NB 53], September 2013, collector: M. Rezaie-Atagholipour.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="16AED89283445C1A71B5CB48FC84C085" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="16" pageNumber="145">
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Gulf of Oman: 3 specimens, Beris and Pasa-Bandar, depth 20-40m [(ZMSBUK.HD.3), TL 1015, SVL 908, HL 32.9, HW 30, GL 21.9, SNL 6.9, NEL 5.2, ND 68,
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<pageBreakToken id="B4546406F691EAE1C2717F07EA891E8B" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" start="start">GBD</pageBreakToken>
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110, NSL 8, NSR 37, BSR 42, NV 251, NB 51; (ZMSBUK.HD.7), TL 985, SVL 800, HL 32.6, HW 19.5, GL 23, SNL 6.5, NEL 5.2, ND 65, GBD 97, NSL 7, NSR 38, BSR 48, NV 260, NB 51; (ZMSBUK.HD.59), TL 1035, HL 33.9, HW 20.1, GL 24.1, SNL 5, NEL 5.3, ND 65, GBD 140, NSL 8, NSR 34, BSR 48, NV 286, NB 49], August 2013, collector: M. Rezaie-Atagholipour.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3B964577BE976F27FEB40F146742E372" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AD7201F8688CB774ACB8F8C3B3FB5ED7" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="793D52830E177773684393103B0E134A" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">
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Head of medium size (Figure 17); 7-8 supralabials, second usually in contact with prefrontal, third and fourth, or third, fourth and fifth touch eye (Figure 16); body slightly stout, not markedly elongate (Figure 17
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<normalizedToken id="24A7633A73881412AAF4603F991D1DBC" originalValue="d–e">d-e</normalizedToken>
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); 251-306 ventrals, slightly distinguishable from adjacent scales (Figure 4c); 34-43 scale rows on neck and 40-50 on body.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15C725BCAF85A09BD2D5278267C03DAE" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" type="coloration">
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<paragraph id="5FC8D929D4A1758C1F9E3CF6834339CE" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">Coloration.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BAAA6EDF41146D1DD853796B03C1792A" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">Body dirty white (Figure 17e) to grayish (Figure 17d) with 41-53 rhomboidal or rectangular black or dark olive bands along body and tail, clearly distinguishable from each other (Figure 17 d-e).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="30A3C49FC95C3A23B7D4BFB4FA7C00F5" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0F25116995588CE6B7A06E2C8E05A446" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">Size.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC9E2E845D6A6351AD28E354AD886F7F" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Mean TL 988 mm, maximum 1200 mm (n = 6); [n = 1, TL 885 mm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C49370FC6F2AFCD013EAAD696A25F9E6" author="Volsoe, H" editor="Jessen, K" journalOrPublisher="Copenhagen" pageId="30" pageNumber="159" pagination="9 - 45" title="The sea snakes of the Iranian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, with a summary of the biology of the sea snakes." volumeTitle="Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran" year="1939">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B02DF47B02B45459D0774F732CCFC3AE" originalValue="Volsøe">Volsoe</normalizedToken>
|
||
1939
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5706188D86ABC6E5E16909EAA3679278" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B839990AC95DD7717FF59A1EF3C77CE3" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">General distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5DBE43306F74C9AD4D49717B0A46B3C6" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Indo-West Pacific, from the Persian Gulf to Australia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B5E011F5E8F312DF39FAE312DE1BE513" author="David, P" journalOrPublisher="Dumerilia" pageId="26" pageNumber="155" pagination="3 - 499" title="Les serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition." volume="3" year="1999">David and Ineich 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D65BA1488B4423BC66BDB2E769749DB3" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum (Natural History), London" pageId="29" pageNumber="158" title="Monograph of the Sea Snakes (Hydrophiidae)." year="1926">Smith 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8F6F9340145DEB81DC7F903BD850D954" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" type="iucn red list category">
|
||
<paragraph id="A03FE8C8908691BCBC51FDD458616B75" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">IUCN Red List Category.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="098712B56FAC7BD3842E0D2AF713F697" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Least concern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BBADC05CD747F331458691973A9566B8" author="Hecht, MK" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="27" pageNumber="156" title="Red List of Threatened Species version 2016 - 1" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org" year="2016">IUCN 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1D18B0907DD60133EAB3B073630623E8" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="25E90A1B9CEF55C5E82AF32180AA722B" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E0000AAC6E64DACF695401BCC3BB379" pageId="17" pageNumber="146">
|
||
In the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA52CB2BACFE6D93B2B25FE5EE498106" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis ornatus" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">Hydrophis ornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be roughly misidentified with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68828B042BC551230AEB6F3F13BFBB1E" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis curtus" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Hydrophis curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for more details see remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD648B1C5168817897038F5F02974BB" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophis curtus" pageId="17" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">Hydrophis curtus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |