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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1171-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7559C2D42DE85144AEFFC98A16172F97" ID-ZooBank="267D0D4559CA4A18A08034768E652607" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1171-1" checkinTime="1689969829564" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Short, Andrew Edward Z. &amp; Giron, Jennifer C." docDate="2023" docId="13CE84D4AE735174B5756F1D070C514E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1171: 1-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1171" docPubDate="2023-07-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142" docTitle="Novochares Giron &amp; Short 2021" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7559C2D42DE85144AEFFC98A16172F97" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7559C2D42DE85144AEFFC98A16172F97" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Novochares Giron &amp; Short (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1689969829564" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="3E84B77FD8BB9E34BC8D1997E6BFA71D">Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Novochares Giron &amp; Short (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EFF827F12E7D4A1DC4C9B4BD65B9E433">Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7F7F1853474308ECD78C633F35495C6D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7467-7116</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5589BC81BB7A0D89BA8E552B410E85C2">Department of Entomology &amp; Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8798193E58E4E5605A1CC548ACA9623" type="email">aezshort@ku.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DFD9844755AB7D43FD093A04B066DEAD">Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="14A7759C8F7BC05C84B6AD2E64D7BFBB">Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="E463C1F84A4EA38F831B8498CDDBBB23">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FE47DA32CE03C2031A8DA9F86A603A0F">1171</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="72597E0DC68D4607547DC25643A3894C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="13CE84D4AE735174B5756F1D070C514E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:13CE84D4AE735174B5756F1D070C514E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/13CE84D4AE735174B5756F1D070C514E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="56D0B9BDC401E896C5664D78BEE22C85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4B1608A6E5AC90B3090CE1AC9C17668E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="00DAD8508F34C70F0E77F965013EDD88" ID-CoL="8XN94" LSID="13CE84D4-AE73-5174-B575-6F1D070C514E" authority="Giron &amp; Short, 2021" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Novochares
<normalizedToken id="6D55BDB4581F74C3FA9230366C9AFB32" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2021
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<paragraph id="BF82C95DD14D9B3A1B22A362878B81D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7FD9053F2C488F8B60D5A56927B3F277" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Novochares</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="0B92BADE7C94BD4DE8C3EA824AAD2387" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2021: 87.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F05A1488EBB2D63DFB2331B96F8ADAB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph id="AF110C109CDED4A7379FB37EAB144BFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4249F5428D8F598B7139EA87AB3A67B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7FBAF633BF2B146043018FC8FF4D828A" authorityName="Fernandez" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares tectiformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tectiformis">
<emphasis id="23E04EB8FD81B57DD4B92E2832102848" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares tectiformis</emphasis>
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<normalizedToken id="2A46315B3326C2D9E9E4F9E61F638B2C" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
, 1982 by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9D61D86869C52561BBFFD0A973CADAFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8360BACEDC8FA1517C558BAC50748F8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96486FD18CA4F7622432070933B5E822" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Slightly modified from
<bibRefCitation id="3FFFAAAAB6DCBA52C7C45A0E8F8312FF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" author="Giron, JC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 236" refId="B23" refString="Giron, JC, Short, AEZ, 2021. The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): Taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species. ZooKeys 1045: 1 - 236, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" title="The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): Taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" volume="1045" year="2021">
<normalizedToken id="292CE7AFCEC9DF000AC69B4DA1DDFBBC" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
and Short 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Body length 4.2-9.5 mm. Body shape oval in dorsal view (Figs
<figureCitation id="9FBA1D8868C1E7B2C2A95C03E5978321" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. abbreviatus B N. pilatus C N. minor D N. tenedor." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881174" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9214E9ED0AA062BD3C8CEE578FE6E455" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. dentatus B N. punctatostriatus C N. pertusus D N. triangularis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7D070C6C4CA52B0846C340EBCA43D249" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. guadelupensis B N. pichilingue C N. cochlearis D N. quadrispinus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881184" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="97664C52C91D06D8EA43503307F96695" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. tectiformis B N. orchis C N. duo D N. piaroa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
); slightly to moderately convex in lateral view, with dorsal outline nearly flat along anterior 1/2 of elytra, or somewhat evenly curved. Coloration usually uniformly dark brown (Figs
<figureCitation id="FCBCF8130949B3496A4561146F686FFA" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. dentatus B N. punctatostriatus C N. pertusus D N. triangularis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5F933F8B1D710EA9556E0AB5CCE96B5D" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. guadelupensis B N. pichilingue C N. cochlearis D N. quadrispinus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881184" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="95944D5EA4241BA2BC6A72BC6D8B253D" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. tectiformis B N. orchis C N. duo D N. piaroa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
), sometimes orange or pale brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8A0E5917EFBF2E1D0A31BC9D196C40AD" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. abbreviatus B N. pilatus C N. minor D N. tenedor." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881174" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
), often paler along margins (e.g., Fig.
<figureCitation id="5CBBCBCAF4BA0D00877E50F5D4B8BF04" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. dentatus B N. punctatostriatus C N. pertusus D N. triangularis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A-C</figureCitation>
); opalescent sheen frequent in larger and darker species; ground punctation from very shallow (e.g., Fig.
<figureCitation id="93EB3953CE54561B881C8E2625A409DD" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. guadelupensis B N. pichilingue C N. cochlearis D N. quadrispinus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881184" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17D</figureCitation>
) to moderately marked (e.g., Fig.
<figureCitation id="52606084F292FBFA9E19A7965CDBEF0D" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. dentatus B N. punctatostriatus C N. pertusus D N. triangularis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A</figureCitation>
). Shape of head trapezoid (Fig.
<figureCitation id="727F9CD0A1BA4773F408F55BC53A74AD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Morphological features of Novochares spp. A, B mesoventrite C, D dorsal view of the head A N. tectiformis B N. cochlearis C Aulonochares ligulatus D N. pertusus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881173" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6D</figureCitation>
). Eyes relatively large, not emarginated anteriorly, usually projected from outline of head (Fig.
<figureCitation id="41A83448B8A8610E1CDDBA2EAED96965" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Morphological features of Novochares spp. A, B mesoventrite C, D dorsal view of the head A N. tectiformis B N. cochlearis C Aulonochares ligulatus D N. pertusus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881173" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6D</figureCitation>
). Clypeus trapezoid, with anterior margin broadly and roundly emarginate (Fig.
<figureCitation id="57D6B4F7D0C208B73D0871EA00AE1B80" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Morphological features of Novochares spp. A, B mesoventrite C, D dorsal view of the head A N. tectiformis B N. cochlearis C Aulonochares ligulatus D N. pertusus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881173" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6D</figureCitation>
); membranous preclypeal area sometimes visible. Labrum fully exposed. Mentum with lateral longitudinal crenulations, lateral oblique ridges, and transverse crenulations along antero-medial area. Antennae with nine antennomeres; cupule strongly asymmetric, with rounded outline; antennomere 9 slightly to 2
<normalizedToken id="12DE123EF18952311C4F650DFC1AC103" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than antennomere 7. Maxillary palps slender, moderately long, 0.8 (
<taxonomicName id="BDFC20E1B982BFF9A16F297BDED625B5" lsidName="N. pastinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pastinum">
<emphasis id="B0E424FB834FCC4E6DDB0EFB5B58AF95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pastinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) to 1.8
<normalizedToken id="07FCD6434FBA4912AEDD3FB6858B6C7B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName id="B858D40D957363C4A8B473F788D1FFDE" lsidName="N. yanomami" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="yanomami">
<emphasis id="0C3C32B8F2CB2929390CAB83FDCDF384" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. yanomami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) the width of head; inner margin of maxillary palpomere 2 weakly and evenly curved to nearly straight, outer margin evenly curved or curved along apical 1/2; maxillary palpomere 3 slightly longer than 4. Prosternum flat to broadly and weakly convex. Elytra without sutural striae, with ground punctures usually shallowly marked; usually at least one row of systematic punctures visible along midline of each elytron (e.g., Figs
<figureCitation id="44C5131270B7334F5F924293A5729859" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. abbreviatus B N. pilatus C N. minor D N. tenedor." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881174" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4CD6834EB53A9FFBF1494FA6FEE43A79" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. dentatus B N. punctatostriatus C N. pertusus D N. triangularis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6EC3E7B33534D505742F39B7F2CCBED8" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. tectiformis B N. orchis C N. duo D N. piaroa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24C, D</figureCitation>
), often with visible rows along lateral and posterior regions of elytra; serial punctures sometimes visible along posterior 1/2 of elytra. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite, usually simply bulging (Fig.
<figureCitation id="71C75517CF8FB39AEEDFF8460467ABC4" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Morphological features of Novochares spp. A, B mesoventrite C, D dorsal view of the head A N. tectiformis B N. cochlearis C Aulonochares ligulatus D N. pertusus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881173" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6B</figureCitation>
), sometimes bulge impressed posteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BCB22A5E5F2B109780190D0CA7B63969" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Morphological features of Novochares spp. A, B mesoventrite C, D dorsal view of the head A N. tectiformis B N. cochlearis C Aulonochares ligulatus D N. pertusus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881173" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A</figureCitation>
); bulge often extending anteriorly as low, shiny, and glabrous longitudinal ridge (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3BFCA3A1543E7DFE2D3AEC342CF8E357" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Morphological features of Novochares spp. A, B mesoventrite C, D dorsal view of the head A N. tectiformis B N. cochlearis C Aulonochares ligulatus D N. pertusus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881173" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A, B</figureCitation>
); anapleural sutures concave, separated at anterior margin by distance 0.6-0.9
<normalizedToken id="2EEE59A2FCD43653FCD9C458E9CA1143" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the width of anterior margin of mesepisternum. Metaventrite with medial glabrous patch, sometimes very narrow and extending along entire length of metaventrite. Protibiae with spines of anterior row extremely reduced to tiny appressed denticles. Metafemora with tibial grooves well developed; hydrofuge pubescence covering basal 6/7 of anterior surface. Tarsomeres 1-4 with long, thick, and rather dense setae on ventral face, sometimes with only rows of short spines on metatarsomeres 2-4; metatarsomere 2 as long or slightly longer than 5 and as 3 and 4 combined. Fifth abdominal ventrite apically emarginate, with fringe of stout setae. Aedeagus divided (e.g., Figs
<figureCitation id="7FA698D0213F506B97E8FC01620F8C5D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Aedeagi of the Novochares abbreviatus species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. abbreviatus B N. oculatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881170" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation id="E0FF5ED1D9FEEAE912A5421E49234363" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Aedeagi of the Novochares tectiformis species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. trifurcatus B N. tectiformis C N. mura." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
); parameres separated from each other for most of their length; median lobe divided in dorsal and ventral plates; dorsal plate usually strongly sclerotized and elongated, often bifurcated, or otherwise shaped along apical region; ventral plate sometimes reduced, usually simple and of variable length; basal piece 0.3
<normalizedToken id="009659E482D760A1885D0DBEE11DF062" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
or less than length of parameres, usually clearly noticeable; gonopore usually clearly visible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="46736CD98109D78497A9E40D9334F307" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881170" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="A9A9D276CED285D1094DA8FF230945E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="89EEE0F00904403575A45D8AD24600E5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Aedeagi of the
<taxonomicName id="3B5B2655581329A8F013CC5C00A83FBF" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="E3CB2A73E9A85C1A15C84562BB836AEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe
<emphasis id="C24B8A8D9E26F2D77C1EC8FC050863BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64B47F68D55B3D7EEBD64FD66127B75C" lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="1721FEA2D13BB0820AC338A6A363A3E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A8919F4561A7D16491636FA6C36CFB0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E4724EF81D4F4B68AB5BD9DD67E229F5" lsidName="N. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="E21B65FDE26B024F718FC1F2E8B0A72C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A1A0F7B7B18D160AAA2F675E9291EA23" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881171" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="56C29C96E228AA9FBDB39E99CB1C1BA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D3734A37CF63B8AF64EA328D0DF5DA3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Aedeagi of the
<taxonomicName id="85BACE88790DFADF50F6823651514DEF" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares punctatostriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
<emphasis id="30B149DDF90B56B5AF45896C68C4659A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares punctatostriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C50AFEBEC326DA55501ACA401B0587C" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares sallaei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallaei">
<emphasis id="593ABC07A689A0352700195C396C9CD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares sallaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="7FE94F6DA3BEF6CD3DE65E1F9F1BCA4A" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares orchis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orchis">
<emphasis id="0F56F91569AA46A5CF0D7EBB10A84FC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares orchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe
<emphasis id="75E5BBC0D591625D5A3AF616595CDC7F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FAF0E38538AC5209FE837794225FC534" lsidName="N. dentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentatus">
<emphasis id="C0DAB9222A48FF9BB09F953875010327" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. dentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C2436A5629491BDF2E83ADC27065D8F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D564ED94AADE5F3EEA887CB5CF600404" lsidName="N. orchis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orchis">
<emphasis id="2615B4A889C18CB74E38BE0702C0F6B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. orchis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5F97A6D4776CDE2FC66240247D20B53" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DE6C562DCB0E5ABCD77E1268638AB3CA" lsidName="N. sallaei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sallaei">
<emphasis id="E1E198D1C7C7FED5D8EF5F3E0C518D2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. sallaei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B0A9068B70E5019E6A5E517F0903C592" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="379EADA190C8E10AD472C5B5EBDAF12B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="13420E87C786416D7F54F347774DD808" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Aedeagi of the
<taxonomicName id="0986E21E3AD62AF0C34B6985BC6B717B" baseAuthorityName="Fernandez" baseAuthorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares tectiformis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tectiformis">
<emphasis id="E5A03EFAB31C64751158F520916E2484" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares tectiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe
<emphasis id="37A6D37C53A20956A66B339BC34C419B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="895340CE7DE693AB433AC622ED478ADA" lsidName="N. trifurcatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trifurcatus">
<emphasis id="D080C92C2C83F499799654FDCF97FCA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. trifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="46D0B3CD99E7E7BFD05247C4AA9DD50D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3ABC2B85749CF242136423964A70B4A" lsidName="N. tectiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tectiformis">
<emphasis id="5F52016F65E06235D276F38C2BA60BBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. tectiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6830F79E71418DE7519B1FA72AC35EF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="54870C3BE0CE5AB5C1BC22BC99EB65E5" lsidName="N. mura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mura">
<emphasis id="011373D7F0B207AC928E9B68D85A9BA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. mura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D9D0CF421D3185A01F2D5DB44B2584C1" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881173" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="9C9BF75419544F936A845DDC9172A336" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="4AF72E7E524F235FC89342058DBA59A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Morphological features of
<taxonomicName id="9CD35667801D4D828740A26632FBB80C" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72DC1CB784A9D213B9DE8CD59E7921D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis id="D581B1D26EEAE6D1B883ED0F410450CF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
mesoventrite
<emphasis id="9F9CBA434E60A3BC5904A3CD9C03AC97" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
dorsal view of the head
<emphasis id="EC9B78B629FEA500A9106B8B06FA09DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="623A659615867339510EBF718E660DA7" lsidName="N. tectiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tectiformis">
<emphasis id="D71EF437560E987CBF5DA2385271E425" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. tectiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4590FCF0D4E76754170EE6E6C87ABA8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8CFAA5270BB45B097C8DDDD889866B9F" lsidName="N. cochlearis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cochlearis">
<emphasis id="69DF432B6D8E577F82ED2E3C04806FA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. cochlearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="51FE074F5B5A469B708BBEFC2563356F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5185D61D607352FBA71165A5826D375A" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Aulonochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonochares ligulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligulatus">
<emphasis id="93348386599D08435ED3C36E5E87FA02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulonochares ligulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D8F1FC937504E0225D8D2591D31D63BF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7F4620A885072B7D7D3621E7A225237" lsidName="N. pertusus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pertusus">
<emphasis id="43363E0C40D1DF0F6AACAE151A623915" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pertusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A23A318A9DA38F0B5AA498B85FEE4308" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="29BABA459DBF69FF290393E0A4332F0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE4B276EA1C12A1DAF3CB7943F8A383A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6A2CF906969C8978C71EF64716C2072D" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1AA9A947D257968842556032B9F1C6C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes medium sized, pale brown to nearly black species that are somewhat dorsoventrally compressed and highly polished (smooth, and often shiny) to the naked eye. Across the Americas the most similar genus is
<taxonomicName id="09538DC810A093E7AFBF502BDEC3905C" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Aulonochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8E5E73681E7008FA4B6459539122D04F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulonochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="BBA07CF678701690F53686430773034B" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2019, from which it can be differentiated by the shape of the head [trapezoid in
<taxonomicName id="6F27011C986621D7043186397D797855" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB5B03F0C0773550FFB25E0FE4891F28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(posterior margin of clypeus nearly twice as wide as anterior margin; Fig.
<figureCitation id="7F6B835514C47CEDCA0EB3B27B5C9F88" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Morphological features of Novochares spp. A, B mesoventrite C, D dorsal view of the head A N. tectiformis B N. cochlearis C Aulonochares ligulatus D N. pertusus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881173" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6D</figureCitation>
), subquadrate in
<taxonomicName id="3871981C0AB3F66C7FCD0EEE05A6FAD3" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Aulonochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="94C0E31EA9FE8A322AFAC98DE4BA6C63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulonochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(posterior margin of clypeus only nearly 1.3
<normalizedToken id="A1328E79E53E94AFD5B1003E6DFDD0EB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than anterior margin; Fig.
<figureCitation id="1AA97722628D2690CA1A4F7E9AF08FFD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Morphological features of Novochares spp. A, B mesoventrite C, D dorsal view of the head A N. tectiformis B N. cochlearis C Aulonochares ligulatus D N. pertusus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881173" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6C</figureCitation>
)], and the sculpture of the mentum (variously strigate in
<taxonomicName id="3F50899449B8E7F537EF00B1DAF545CB" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D192CECECE3778B07A4AFAFD6A0B36D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, punctate in
<taxonomicName id="D6A29FAFEFE9E6FA818426C607C2839B" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Aulonochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1D685F856186151C73C65AF67C7EDCAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulonochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Some members of
<taxonomicName id="021C60F546109E6EEE5FCFFD155C2C5F" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56420E8FBFC07ACF199A780941F3E832" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the Americas may resemble
<taxonomicName id="69BF6BE87B91DF86D8CCDB1998BAD478" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C78C43799486BF1E373218E3E595BA07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their external features, but the aedeagal form is completely different (tubular in
<taxonomicName id="F7941616DEE4046D9E3E9CB43F78B975" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62230F05D54B8CDB3B5C389E27DA5271" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see fig. 7 in
<bibRefCitation id="88AF370D85B4FF4CC34AA383ADABAE11" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.1.2" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="29 - 50" refId="B39" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, 2018. Review of the Helochares (Hydrobaticus) MacLeay of the New World (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae). Zootaxa 4407 (1): 29 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.1.2" title="Review of the Helochares (Hydrobaticus) MacLeay of the New World (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.1.2" volume="4407" year="2018">
Short and
<normalizedToken id="5F29A4AE86E64C12B5F9732E3A977FC4" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
; divided in
<taxonomicName id="F83BED2E81FAEE53DE9E103BD7BDB633" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3ED3C518BF1361EDA34EBC1C53C02308" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, e.g., Figs
<figureCitation id="227DCC4761215E6B1C641DE35C2C5165" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Aedeagi of the Novochares abbreviatus species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. abbreviatus B N. oculatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881170" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation id="CF540E410A29BC1E44DF676E1C58FEA4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Aedeagi of the Novochares tectiformis species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. trifurcatus B N. tectiformis C N. mura." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C520DB722742F2F0E0B0A6CB4452933A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881174" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="C43342B01477D40FB563274719E431F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="02D46457089ABAB9CFF308790F319DF4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus of
<taxonomicName id="B495DB1432D9452FCA0835E919E46B74" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3BECB160E34A1BC41925D2D1BC7C1EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis id="054ED543798B3FB95950F1EF4DB0A8D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="552F0BA21C5515332E6649E4D5B34231" lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="E5D43AD86D9E0BC399D2A12D0199958D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3923C28204444041B4B0FEB582074CA3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F93B74F8D98C13868741C9AB6BBC93B7" lsidName="N. pilatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilatus">
<emphasis id="6DEB91CF0CC3E02963B1E52103CF2331" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pilatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C11F7B87D38588546474D91BEECA7EC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FD58ACE48BA3D8ACCB404EDD816BD4FA" lsidName="N. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="D31F148A599DEA6108A036FA638FB98E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C0879917213D21BB41EAE6B6C56B60D2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CE9DC132C7940320CD8D4EDC80824047" lsidName="N. tenedor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tenedor">
<emphasis id="B3C0203295E459117058189AA5C4ED40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. tenedor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E20D797188C08C43242B466362C3BFC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="89587C66479EF6C5A4D148CD625CFA68" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6D6BB11FA032E0B6E673E94220EAA69" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7F0381B7F99CF90CB0E613405469EF11" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nearctic</emphasis>
: U.S.A. (Florida).
<emphasis id="A6529E3064274D867FAA0FD55CC81CAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neotropical</emphasis>
: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (
<normalizedToken id="B52FB865F4E1E20AAEF30C2007A125D2" originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
*, Amazonas,
<normalizedToken id="F3519362B425F3DA2EDBDBF7BDFCED40" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo,
<normalizedToken id="69E2192B87206398731C52995249C328" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
*, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais,
<normalizedToken id="43D1D634A9AAB59B6414E21925A5EBF4" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
*,
<normalizedToken id="8DC071D233CFD00B20CB996CC97206FF" originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
, Pernambuco,
<normalizedToken id="5D85177891AD40868DC942488CFAC1A2" originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
, Rio de Janeiro,
<normalizedToken id="26D92C13D9BB05F3A79792288AF2B7C6" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
*, Roraima*,
<normalizedToken id="4B6EACA0CE37BEE62E8E4A9EE426C69F" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic*, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Guadeloupe, St. Vincent), Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru*, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago*, Uruguay, Venezuela (new country or state records indicated with an asterisk).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0B3C9BDC36E9488F7216C3042F4856F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="CA5082F4B4DA42DD563834C5578BA6C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="97866C74637F8F603C6039DF06CC21AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The genus occupies a broad range of aquatic habitats, including both lentic and lotic situations. We are not aware of any seepage specialists. The most commonly collected species (e.g., those in the
<taxonomicName id="CCA1736FB5DFEEFC3E884F8030A8E0BC" lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="59845446BD90E50A47E31806D118109A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group) are typically associated with open swamps and marshes where they may also be attracted to lights, sometimes in large numbers. Many species are also found in forested pools and swamps that contain abundant detritus. They may also be abundant in detrital pools in drying streambeds or along the margins of slow moving or quiet streams. It is also important to note that a number of
<taxonomicName id="2C5B4A32D0FC624C3C10AF0D2B92DE93" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E158F7A9D665CF0EC3786E7368DDBC17" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species can co-occur in the same habitat at the same time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EB40ADCDF0C6603E2C7C9C41479F075" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="immature stages">
<paragraph id="F71D813F2F6CBC025516F0F5593AF3BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immature stages.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F7D5A985577DBEDC7507BF77B81AF9E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The females of most if not all species in the genus carry their egg case around under their abdomen, a behavior also seen in other
<taxonomicName id="96555CB675F5D2B5C9F122C447B4F7D6" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7303F8914F5D9E3374D0640B1251F562" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group genera (such as the Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="AA75BED75DC7348C40B5DB0A017C1FB4" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Aulonochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="082E9D254F08C08FE0F86ABB05A04E26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulonochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="744E643D8454172D5E55173A8C116167" authorityName="Short &amp; M.Garcia" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Radicitus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radicitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FC79B2BC177F539534EEC11AF391EE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radicitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="CAEBD9583D92C68045D4E7A9913AE05A" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Sindolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sindolus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D579606D1010A5B2BE12737595D91F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sindolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="55CCEA37BE43C686171E110C5C8E7995" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" author="Giron, JC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 236" refId="B23" refString="Giron, JC, Short, AEZ, 2021. The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): Taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species. ZooKeys 1045: 1 - 236, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" title="The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): Taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" volume="1045" year="2021">
<normalizedToken id="DDA46343819807387F03B97573D9643D" originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
and Short 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Only the immature stages (eggs, larvae, pupae) of
<taxonomicName id="25349E0811E13404723280331FA28970" lsidName="N. pallipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="81C3D0528AA9F26A8BEA4A50FE9054DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described to date (
<bibRefCitation id="FE5B263A155E4E3AE0684A9B0D8C0CF4" author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Limnobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="439 - 449" refId="B17" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1983. Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Limnobios 2: 439 - 449" title="Helochares (Sindolus) talarum sp. nov., y redescripcion de Helochares (Helochares) pallipes (Brulle), con descripcion de los estados preimaginales (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="2" year="1983">
<normalizedToken id="5E8FB870E930C1B30DFCE54091AA64FD" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFB16C1AB630C02643819B7FB2ED520D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="novochares abbreviatus species group">
<paragraph id="CB680C1A4A11E8C9FF46BDDBDBF56EF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="130ACFCE03880BA927C11ECEF5171939" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="37CF7B11FB500DE68AC82EF568E2B535" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="180E01E4FD5E1D385EAE5AD49FA8CAA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6ADC13C0087EDD91C4EBF74967386CE9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species group diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length 5.5-8.1 mm.
<emphasis id="9FE183F114A436DAF26845B1970CFDF4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration</emphasis>
: Dorsal surfaces pale brown to yellowish brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AC26F0A2ED54F2FCC43FCE537CE71CC3" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. abbreviatus B N. pilatus C N. minor D N. tenedor." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881174" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A, B</figureCitation>
), with paler (yellowish to orange) clypeus and margins of pronotum and elytra.
<emphasis id="A19655F258AFE9AD94A363BD5200F981" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
: Maxillary palps 1.1-1.6
<normalizedToken id="F9234609246D04F90FF4D75D63F9F619" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of head, uniformly yellow or orange to brown in color (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2898C60A5644430224BD19B08D826525" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dorsal habitus of Novochares spp. A N. abbreviatus B N. pilatus C N. minor D N. tenedor." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881174" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A, B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="65281ACF0575DA6CC72C8A2E68FD6827" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
: Ground punctation on pronotum and elytra relatively dense and very shallowly impressed. Elytra without rows of serial punctures, each with very faint rows (one dorsal and two or three lateral) of scarce and weakly marked systematic punctures. Prosternum medially weakly and broadly convex. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite broadly and somewhat triangularly elevated, sometimes posteriorly transversely impressed, with low medial longitudinal ridge extending anteriorly.
<emphasis id="EA5EA0AD06B204C2AF3009510ADAC9C1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Apical emargination of fifth ventrite shallow to moderately deep and broad, U-shaped.
<emphasis id="BC323188EA2F8715341E1DD600FB90D0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: (Figs
<figureCitation id="8F367D4BC31671D9F964E5A346A5E606" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Aedeagi of the Novochares abbreviatus species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. abbreviatus B N. oculatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881170" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E622883C65552B2B44C4CC76A702B574" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Aedeagi of the Novochares abbreviatus species group A-L N. abbreviatus A-C Nicaragua D-F Argentina G-I Venezuela J-L Guyana M-O N. latus P-R N. pilatus A, D, G, J, M, P dorsal view B, E, H, K, N, Q ventral view C, F, I, L, O, R lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881175" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="75D04CD5CE059B7B77A833E54F2EB0E7" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Aedeagi and habitus of the Novochares abbreviatus species group A-E N. oculatus: A-C aedeagus, Mexico D, E paralectotype from Guatemala D aedeagus E habitus F-K miscellaneous forms of aedeagi in the Novochares abbreviatus species group F, G Argentina H, I Venezuela J, K Bolivia L, M, R N. pallipes N, O N. baca A, D, F, H, J, L, N dorsal view B, M ventral view C, G, I, K, O lateral view R oblique view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881176" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
) Overall shape sub-rectangular to sub-rhomboid, 2.5-3.0
<normalizedToken id="5D957A6DE25F64FF445AE08DDD257ADF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, joint basal margins of parameres truncate (e.g., Fig.
<figureCitation id="41783CDEB9169F40BEE987AF0BFE7754" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Aedeagi of the Novochares abbreviatus species group A-L N. abbreviatus A-C Nicaragua D-F Argentina G-I Venezuela J-L Guyana M-O N. latus P-R N. pilatus A, D, G, J, M, P dorsal view B, E, H, K, N, Q ventral view C, F, I, L, O, R lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881175" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8M</figureCitation>
) to medially pointed (e.g., Fig.
<figureCitation id="EA373F2C93877233B401DF43987C99B3" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Aedeagi of the Novochares abbreviatus species group A-L N. abbreviatus A-C Nicaragua D-F Argentina G-I Venezuela J-L Guyana M-O N. latus P-R N. pilatus A, D, G, J, M, P dorsal view B, E, H, K, N, Q ventral view C, F, I, L, O, R lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881175" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A, G</figureCitation>
); outer margin and apical region of each paramere variable, usually rounded at apex and laterally pointed; parameres longer than median lobe; parameres with apical region uniformly sclerotized and dorso-ventrally flattened; dorsal inner margin of each paramere usually medially broadly emarginate (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="DA2DF90F1606AF47EE5AA722D2672346" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Aedeagi of the Novochares tectiformis species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. trifurcatus B N. tectiformis C N. mura." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
in blue); dorsal plate of median lobe (in dorsal view) with basal apodemes usually reaching base of parameres; dorsal plate of median lobe usually with long and narrow neck (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="9A4D85FED27B28B9824B3F9110ABB086" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Aedeagi of the Novochares tectiformis species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. trifurcatus B N. tectiformis C N. mura." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
in yellow), variably expanded at apical region, usually with distal arms variable in shape and length; gonopore sitting proximal to base of median lobe; ventral plate of median lobe (in ventral view, see Fig.
<figureCitation id="E4245CDDD66F44EC7AB6B330B25BA97D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Aedeagi of the Novochares tectiformis species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. trifurcatus B N. tectiformis C N. mura." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
in red) somewhat triangular, moderately sclerotized; dorsal surface of ventral plate of median lobe slightly concave (lateral regions curved dorsally); basal piece nearly (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="1242FA631771BEE33F89C40D83FA4A90" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Aedeagi of the Novochares tectiformis species group along with schematic representations of the whole, the parameres (in blue), and the dorsal (in yellow) and ventral (in red) plates of the median lobe A N. trifurcatus B N. tectiformis C N. mura." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
in green) 0.25-0.30
<normalizedToken id="E95B89D51A6B5CCBBDCF699CBD266844" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of a paramere. In lateral view, aedeagus triangular, nearly straight at base, with ventral outline of parameres 3.0-3.6
<normalizedToken id="395AA499405FAE47C45CDDCED84C30E8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than greatest width near base (e.g., Fig.
<figureCitation id="8B08888419E9E38A2892F23EC826C4FA" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Aedeagi of the Novochares abbreviatus species group A-L N. abbreviatus A-C Nicaragua D-F Argentina G-I Venezuela J-L Guyana M-O N. latus P-R N. pilatus A, D, G, J, M, P dorsal view B, E, H, K, N, Q ventral view C, F, I, L, O, R lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881175" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C, F, I, L, O</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3D8B88796982387EE05BC4994DDA65E2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881175" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="A31422DB25FEA7233166CB1A87D8E676" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="21E1039E98FE09E8F7BD2482983328D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Aedeagi of the
<taxonomicName id="5D09D2255ECFE7E8BD3AE73E5BF541F1" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="98081035FD5EA1DA75CEF758198E9474" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
<emphasis id="9D885806B1D0CA96BA0F0CBB25F89A47" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-L</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DF87D5EE1914437EF83589B5B53D221E" lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="FFDE78C792ED7FB8ABDA3BAE05A87D67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FA721037ACFE2A5EC92D387A4884DA3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
Nicaragua
<emphasis id="9D102603557FC60451122B64F04D1711" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-F</emphasis>
Argentina
<emphasis id="5F8F576986F3F266C7A0CE80B5A68D6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G-I</emphasis>
Venezuela
<emphasis id="1C13F463A38D6E992527715D3E286EA0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J-L</emphasis>
Guyana
<emphasis id="F42C15C07E39A76BA3E4E8883998E58A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M-O</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9B15112C660FE8A3C2B27AB27D0D7470" lsidName="N. latus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="4B6CBC5334CEF1674089AB5AED710D82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9DBCDE170B7DBFB14097C7EC927B67C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P-R</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="308B99EFA39649EE7F0EFF8FF04DEE40" lsidName="N. pilatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilatus">
<emphasis id="1AB41507B74956918D9DADDDAECEF4A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pilatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BDA637801F5877640A3BA3C3491F348" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, D, G, J, M, P</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="C243BD565F467865B250A6142DA7AF4D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, E, H, K, N, Q</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="9E5E573D0FD7162F6DA98B06B00F3124" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, F, I, L, O, R</emphasis>
lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B29394541B0BBF74BB9DF94C2EBA70EC" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881176" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="F60C10D9BDA8DAF8CDF9C1DB21F9BEE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2382D5FAE993BF44AD7A16F8D727B899" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Aedeagi and habitus of the
<taxonomicName id="E76EA4ECA04EF0815B89639CF9D29917" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="505B372DB84D45B236DB8B4446D7425E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
<emphasis id="43988F8CD18E7DE564F653462E0F8FED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5634493E080E7944488E047A06AFEC11" lsidName="N. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="75BA12C997FF38CF8B97512284F438E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="3FCE70B885677EAF98BF03A75CAC0E61" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
aedeagus, Mexico
<emphasis id="C404910CF2DD92C3B86C9B66B14A672D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
paralectotype from Guatemala
<emphasis id="975885B13ABF08A7A7B0017BFDDDBBE6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
aedeagus
<emphasis id="B76CCD0289B6EE158951CF7355DD4668" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
habitus
<emphasis id="56E2E35534E825EE330236DBCAF1EFFB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-K</emphasis>
miscellaneous forms of aedeagi in the
<taxonomicName id="D42E0924158D35C75CDB66BB2D352CCA" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="91EA2F67F3B059FC8BFD8D87CCF68403" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
<emphasis id="E6DC162699EE8847E12C04DA2F5B3633" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
Argentina
<emphasis id="9A2D64FE78C20C3FF34282BCDCC4D4B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, I</emphasis>
Venezuela
<emphasis id="C607623E5709D8DE30BE185FCC519114" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
Bolivia
<emphasis id="A13EEF10D26B4710FC43638D760FAC33" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L, M, R</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9BFD3F9EA1CE42B5D1807D21CEDD7D5" lsidName="N. pallipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="DA8E9460101D35A33D53EB4A0E150326" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9349E846DE4EDBD66EBD87A53DC2D556" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N, O</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3E8BD5804CFD1F9A628F2C41F373AD10" lsidName="N. baca" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baca">
<emphasis id="0EA303FE2807C41D0FA15E95F7DD56AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. baca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B407C13B2C443F80BEEEB018B4DB907C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, D, F, H, J, L, N</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="119548799F252A244132E51BFF023CA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, M</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="A81F804B674B912ED1FA5644ED300C0E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, G, I, K, O</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="1C0AD71FF033047EA2EDA26212BD1F17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R</emphasis>
oblique view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8DA39234CB972DFA7E94F116888E6ED1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="AE561AE6C102771B06A18CF4CBBB405A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Composition.</emphasis>
This species group contains three previously described species:
<taxonomicName id="F43E283AC3799D91622A5148E9ACD02A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="A82ED9A9390E39D0182EE698B8909B4D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius, 1801),
<taxonomicName id="108995F27DBB71F9958778038DE79F03" lsidName="N. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="001E12E643CF8A9E23E04ED13F12F0BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sharp, 1882), and
<taxonomicName id="9EED282D75F65E5A9D0E22F4A7ADCB37" lsidName="N. pallipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="759F07B80FAD1B2FE473635CA4617611" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="9D1EE9183740A85D9C1780F3732DD1BF" originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
, 1841) and three new species:
<taxonomicName id="281B65D1B02FE0EA9391DE0AC97CE9F6" lsidName="N. baca" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baca">
<emphasis id="C426D24D1AFA2E0BCEBE0B61B4ECFA5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. baca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.,
<taxonomicName id="E0539D988AD92B95932278B44A17B84A" lsidName="N. latus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="548353D72C66689034418071F0ADC638" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., and
<taxonomicName id="6D3AFFDF6945EF1DBE91AAD1EB96365A" lsidName="N. pilatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilatus">
<emphasis id="C9826E21022A23D1BF644F3BC2FAD8A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pilatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E17C6E22DE31D67A94AC993B6745CD14" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="A0B8097CDB065F3E8FE11AA4CF6C8BAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is a widespread and certainly problematic species group. The external morphology of all the known species is annoyingly uniform, and the characteristics of the male genitalia, especially the apical region of the dorsal plate of the median lobe, when looking at long series of specimens from across the distributional ranges of
<taxonomicName id="75B23496EDD5A8B14AA9943DC83BFB00" lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="2861F339651333C4EB61183C5F4D9479" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="195C3C0E15E1750C3424D26D10C452A8" lsidName="N. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="DD3C6BCEFA3CC6655DCD3D5F0C96EEA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, exhibit gradual changes that blur the limits between both species. More thorough sampling and molecular data, perhaps in the context of international collaboration across the species group range, are needed to tackle the systematics and taxonomy of this species group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909A8A5E2020A8853E605FA1471183FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="the taxonomy and nomenclature of the n. abbreviatus group: the past">
<paragraph id="9C6DECE3B1F6BB47CB3636B67044A5C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The taxonomy and nomenclature of the
<taxonomicName id="0D640CE1BFC7FFD6C3756BA45EA32665" lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="D621337D8DE585062C31E122753D8E83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group: the past
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="811D753BE1CDF9C7C4A63A5F1652C166" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="A716E02D4B806BB4935EF8C042DAA46C" author="Fabricius, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.73265320&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=11&amp;skin=2021" refId="B14" refString="Fabricius, JC, 1801. Systema Eleutheratorum: secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.73265320&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=11&amp;skin=2021" title="Systema Eleutheratorum: secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I." url="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.73265320&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=11&amp;skin=2021" year="1801">Fabricius (1801)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="27698296E91A76C13A24BE969D5FE77A" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Hydrophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrophilus abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="1023116DC0BE02C1A6AFD8BA176C304A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hydrophilus abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="F56B4A9785C6B7B07F8D97ECB527891C" lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="38ADF8C103BA6C99C54B3B6855E27A19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from &quot;America meridonali&quot;, the oldest species of what is now included in
<taxonomicName id="C0B043DA648ADE24C69EBABC9C50E0D4" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77ACC4DF7C4A292E1E416246F84B3CB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA46CCDCECCEB59ADA2DB53D4D41B12" author="Brulle, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista del Museo de La Plata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2531016" refId="B5" refString="Brulle, A, 1841. Famille des Hydrophiliens. In: d'Orbigny A. Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale, tome sexieme, 2e partie, Insectes. P. Bertrand, Paris, France, 52-59. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2531016" title="Famille des Hydrophiliens. In: d'Orbigny A. Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale, tome sexieme, 2 e partie, Insectes. P. Bertrand, Paris, France, 52 - 59." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2531016" year="1841">
<normalizedToken id="223E6C2809E1EB0F05372FB0E82A904B" originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
(1841)
</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="239A588849806C4C9090C8A3B56EF497" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Philhydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philhydrus pallipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="A3FF605BE5FAB2935AC92CDAECEE99F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Philhydrus pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="24E5199892EBEFD1BABF588B09A6E14C" lsidName="N. pallipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="9D968D28CA523DD7C68A66407BC6C2A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from Uruguay. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="868990B4F0770260C050E061C6D21203" author="Sharp, D" journalOrPublisher="Polloni, Pisis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/577106" refId="B36" refString="Sharp, D, 1882. Fam. Hydrophilidae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. 1. Part 2, 53-80. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/577106" title="Fam. Hydrophilidae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. 1. Part 2, 53 - 80." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/577106" year="1882">Sharp (1882)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="84DFA22B20C269EA0868EA26D29F55CD" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares oculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="BA061B24342313778CA4861AC8362488" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Guatemala. The descriptions of all three of these species are very brief and no consideration is given to the aedeagus (as was typical at the time). Following the publication of these descriptions, there does not seem to be any question that subsequent authors considered them to be very closely related species, if not all actually conspecific.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E83E1B96D7D29C24ACE22285302EF57" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="B8C391C8E081ADE0598BBCCA4F3BB337" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="201 - 248" publicationUrl="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3307256&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=207" refId="B8" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1926. Contribution a l'etude des Hydrophilides VI. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 66: 201 - 248, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3307256&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=207" title="Contribution a l'etude des Hydrophilides VI." url="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3307256&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=207" volume="66" year="1926">
<normalizedToken id="3E98458E6D98D4AB4AB13E1ADB75CD19" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
(1926)
</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="E351626B3BE4BBFCA038AA8B5837E994" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares oculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="152AE080BA951B849E5AB7FC49E4E931" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sharp, 1882 as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="0E0D875CA69A8C19203BC3159D27B1CE" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Philhydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philhydrus pallidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="94242618BD47387F24B76D251ACCFF46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Philhydrus pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Castelnau, 1840, citing mostly similarities in dorsal coloration and elytral punctation. Ten years later,
<bibRefCitation id="02D44F6813A3C55E8A2BBBCFF0539A74" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 29" publicationUrl="https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/12-36/irscnb_p4087_0126ffp_12_bulletin-23.pdf" refId="B9" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1936. Quelques synonymies nouvelles d' Hydrophilidae (Col.). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 12 (23): 1 - 29, https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/12-36/irscnb_p4087_0126ffp_12_bulletin-23.pdf" title="Quelques synonymies nouvelles d' Hydrophilidae (Col.)." url="https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/12-36/irscnb_p4087_0126ffp_12_bulletin-23.pdf" volume="12" year="1936">
<normalizedToken id="8413B9330ABEC80CF05958F40E61F789" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
(1936)
</bibRefCitation>
examined a unique female specimen from the Schestedt-Lund collection, labeled as &quot;
<taxonomicName id="8CCB6BC272BAC4F42B5FE8EDFAB5B15C" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="9B291FB7084BC955067AEAC0970D36BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ex. Ins. Amer.&quot; which he treated as the Fabrician type specimen, and attributed the locality to be in the Antilles (&quot;il est donc des Antilles&quot;;
<bibRefCitation id="2F130A445E3990A07B68D052153D9F45" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 29" publicationUrl="https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/12-36/irscnb_p4087_0126ffp_12_bulletin-23.pdf" refId="B9" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1936. Quelques synonymies nouvelles d' Hydrophilidae (Col.). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 12 (23): 1 - 29, https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/12-36/irscnb_p4087_0126ffp_12_bulletin-23.pdf" title="Quelques synonymies nouvelles d' Hydrophilidae (Col.)." url="https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/12-36/irscnb_p4087_0126ffp_12_bulletin-23.pdf" volume="12" year="1936">
<normalizedToken id="4E7CED0D2CB2F0731AB3E261908FE950" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
1936
</bibRefCitation>
: 10). The existence of a single Fabrician specimen is corroborated by
<bibRefCitation id="C4A5674E10BE65DB3E3066C20D1CD27B" author="Zimsen, E" journalOrPublisher="Copenhagen, Munksgaard" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B50" refString="Zimsen, E, 1964. The type material of I.C. Fabricius. Copenhagen, Munksgaard" title="The type material of I. C. Fabricius." year="1964">Zimsen (1964</bibRefCitation>
: 66), who also lists a single specimen housed in the Copenhagen collection, and by
<bibRefCitation id="A8D208984368CA14D55FC62984C8527C" author="Spangler, PJ" editor="Orghidan, T" journalOrPublisher="Academiell Republieli Socialiste Romania, Bucuresti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 171" refId="B43" refString="Spangler, PJ, 1981. Supplement to the aquatic and semiaquatic Coleoptera of Cuba collected by the Biospeleological Expeditions to Cuba by the academies of science of Cuba and Romania. In: Orghidan, T, Ed., Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques Cubano-Roumaines a Cuba, 3. Academiell Republieli Socialiste Romania, Bucuresti: 145 - 171" title="Supplement to the aquatic and semiaquatic Coleoptera of Cuba collected by the Biospeleological Expeditions to Cuba by the academies of science of Cuba and Romania." volumeTitle="Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques Cubano-Roumaines a Cuba, 3." year="1981">Spangler (1981)</bibRefCitation>
who also examined it himself. After examining this type,
<bibRefCitation id="E9BC81D92615A4D6B6B324FEEF839679" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 29" publicationUrl="https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/12-36/irscnb_p4087_0126ffp_12_bulletin-23.pdf" refId="B9" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1936. Quelques synonymies nouvelles d' Hydrophilidae (Col.). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 12 (23): 1 - 29, https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/12-36/irscnb_p4087_0126ffp_12_bulletin-23.pdf" title="Quelques synonymies nouvelles d' Hydrophilidae (Col.)." url="https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/12-36/irscnb_p4087_0126ffp_12_bulletin-23.pdf" volume="12" year="1936">
<normalizedToken id="CB0B3FBD46B945C97E6F1F464B40342A" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
(1936)
</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="7FD1EDA9DE6A7433DE99AAB811BBBAB4" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Philhydrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philhydrus pallidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="BFFA76A762467A8EA7F9E186B3CB7EB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Philhydrus pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Castelnau, 1840 as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E0A055D65835083B6634F62179A691B5" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="61EE287C4596D1BDE95D6D4156CECF5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though he indicates this interpretation is based on a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="7EEC4084FAFEE85DBC892E9FAC5C71EC" lsidName="P. pallidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="27F9AB610844A23869BBC6BF12B05603" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
determined by
<normalizedToken id="620A6CA146090FB7FD64066513014467" originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
. Because
<normalizedToken id="52FD2870A72DBFEC2AEF4F547E801078" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
had already synonymized
<taxonomicName id="C76F0D6AE3EEDBCF120516957C51034A" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="9A36F80FEE0121D69DE9E9CA0174EE66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sharp with
<taxonomicName id="10206195AD69F6399FF8A696A8769F09" lsidName="H. pallidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="40F00A668FC7F19B28291FE9850140C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E18B3EB708F25C54ED8D07DAEAC87C67" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="C4B5E8810A7CB8209FE22692766F605D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now became a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="F52D2B7F9619018B19C0AFB113D66670" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="23789ACBCAA394EEBE57565EC24CD2EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is worth noting that the Castelnau collection is considered lost and possibly destroyed (
<bibRefCitation id="7AA5950D7500ECE470644B39F1E9813D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3168.1.4" author="Evenhuis, NL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="53 - 63" refId="B13" refString="Evenhuis, NL, 2012. Francois-Louis Comte de Castelnau (1802-1880) and the mysterious disappearance of his original insect collection. Zootaxa 3168 (1): 53 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3168.1.4" title="Francois-Louis Comte de Castelnau (1802 - 1880) and the mysterious disappearance of his original insect collection." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3168.1.4" volume="3168" year="2012">Evenhuis 2012</bibRefCitation>
), so the original identity of
<taxonomicName id="5A1A5E1FFDFE617A5179DCBD117612EA" lsidName="H. pallidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="68C9ECE67663DEA1AA611BF1B3497AB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will likely never be known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6CA50851E37214F6005B06CCD767123" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A few years later,
<bibRefCitation id="E483CC2768A05341934EE7503E62C2D3" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 264" refId="B10" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1939. Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 10: 253 - 264" title="Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine." volume="10" year="1939">
<normalizedToken id="A6BC4B016AA4AFC47F6E7017E9C4BACE" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
(1939)
</bibRefCitation>
revisited the identity of
<taxonomicName id="F4F1D6E873B435BFF20EBC9BE4302534" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="A4782EF4DB39FF7AE01593542ABDC6AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after having examined the aedeagus in a variety of specimens. He noticed some male specimens from Mexico, Panama, and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) have a larger tip of the dorsal plate of the median lobe and less acute teeth on the paramere apices (he illustrated both forms; fig. 4 in
<bibRefCitation id="6CDF93887601FFCB8502E60EB0190B79" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 264" refId="B10" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1939. Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 10: 253 - 264" title="Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine." volume="10" year="1939">
<normalizedToken id="BA83BD1150DDCE13BCAF961C36A3214F" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
1939
</bibRefCitation>
). He speculated that these specimens with the larger, broader apex of the dorsal plate of the median lobe may be the
<taxonomicName id="0FE894CCC4E783FD7D7976E566C25504" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="313BFE92EEDF587DC2E8B95F92E40E05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Sharp. He suggests that the dissection of
<normalizedToken id="03B330CE0595A73C68666C043D1BA397" originalValue="Sharp’s">Sharp's</normalizedToken>
type specimens should confirm his hypothesis, though at that time it was not known if the types were male or female. It is also of note that
<normalizedToken id="1855284A35483E1BD0740E76A6AE5A88" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
observed that both
<normalizedToken id="B1BD5D2A7295D64009EEE6634F7A09D8" originalValue="“forms”">&quot;forms&quot;</normalizedToken>
of the genitalia (i.e., both the
<taxonomicName id="A033469CF92752F7462B856B4DA2B998" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="3F77177C3E3861DC904853108AFD58E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form and the
<taxonomicName id="88F14897AC8A13C5C09B171F44D33D12" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares oculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="1100495CB8C93624A1E8F42CD7F0D04A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form) co-occur at a variety of localities.
<bibRefCitation id="AC45E2B0C2DB163CA67AD0AFCAAD61B0" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 264" refId="B10" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1939. Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 10: 253 - 264" title="Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine." volume="10" year="1939">
<normalizedToken id="EFEBF50FE4C48286C125BB734EB0AAC4" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
(1939
</bibRefCitation>
: 259) goes on to comment on the situation of the identity of
<taxonomicName id="C002444DAA59CA6D2F1471D77CC6350C" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="1003C1398689D273EDF08A6301FF8A37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(translated from French): &quot;To justify these attributions [of the names
<taxonomicName id="94C2DB3B23D890FDE98E12FBF4C044DB" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="130A028A67FA5AD46AF8094101B3D1A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EEC73BA48F6F8D1BE333D7BACBCFA27D" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="E2BECB6AE6F8371E67204DD997ECD0A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] let us recall that there is a doubt as to the origin (South America or the Antilles?) of the type of Fabricius and that it is a female. There is therefore no inconvenience in considering definitively as typical the most widespread form in South America, like the one showing the aedeagus of figure 4.&quot; [which illustrates the modern concept of
<taxonomicName id="2C5044F19BEDAA99EC125A8B02363C59" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="D34E99E907CDA78FA06B87D70D9B60C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01B48E98B2DF1311E473E2E34B3310C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The same year that
<normalizedToken id="B39329D30C75BF90A1A9BA8AD1C230AB" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
was lamenting the confusion around
<taxonomicName id="F1648015B0752D86A00DE7500CCE058A" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="A106DF835A41E200ABD633A583641C8E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="419B694DA39F74762CFA5CB084BD40F6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.10­80­/00222933908526990" author="Balfour-Browne, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals &amp; Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 310" refId="B1" refString="Balfour-Browne, J, 1939. Contribution to the Study of the Palpicornia. Part III. Annals &amp; Magazine of Natural History 11 (4): 289 - 310, DOI: https://doi.org/10.10-80-/00222933908526990" title="Contribution to the Study of the Palpicornia. Part III." url="https://doi.org/10.10­80­/00222933908526990" volume="11" year="1939">Balfour-Browne (1939)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="860FFF3DDF648F7ED3A9AE9DA0CD880E" authorityName="J.Balfour-Browne" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares rufobrunneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufobrunneus">
<emphasis id="8A2A07E3D045E143020C071394461DD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares rufobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Antilles, specifically from Grenada and St. Vincent. He said that his new species was &quot;very similar to
<taxonomicName id="50C0085A143792F44CE1AB8894C2DF53" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="6299A5E957FAF2F82CECB2083F922272" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in color&quot; but can be separated by the elytral punctation and a few other
<taxonomicName id="A4D2320D3E9795CB4BA77FFB5F18ABEB" authorityName="Short &amp; Girón" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares minor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Novochares minor</taxonomicName>
characters. Although he illustrates the aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="F3B630061CB31FC4330FB217DB09EEBE" lsidName="H. rufobrunneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rufobrunneus">
<emphasis id="887374B78785C063E3B1776BA7AAADF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. rufobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is a very good match to the
<normalizedToken id="8208B933E57FF6D787F4B253D68EA98D" originalValue="“true”">&quot;true&quot;</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName id="03C4C02E61E603F26E481ED21572F590" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="09EF25E36E489EAEACAA172754665876" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="A225BD4E3FF264D35CC504312541429E" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 264" refId="B10" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1939. Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 10: 253 - 264" title="Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine." volume="10" year="1939">
<normalizedToken id="6DAE0E5098963A31DAC0443F843612F6" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
(1939)
</bibRefCitation>
, he remarks that the genitalia of the two species are &quot;quite distinct&quot; and refers to the apex of the median lobe being deeply forked and expanded in
<taxonomicName id="355E9AD00B419421B854C0697A0941FD" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="A8F16154873485871043FEE9993F2475" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on this later comment about the aedeagus, we believe that what Balfour-Browne considered to be
<taxonomicName id="7B590D16DC0EA26848201F0C2965E5DB" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="D983038DBE75A3FFCA341B481649852D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was in fact
<taxonomicName id="503752AB7DB38DC0624234341F4F56CF" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="25E9EC099EC0C043C713DC022A5F5C6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and therefore he inadvertently redescribed
<taxonomicName id="E456B793C9A9B2139A125B5DF6FEA883" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="2599E9E24DD47AC6CC0DB840774F8817" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58E55BEFA6834AA91E07873685F32688" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
While summarizing aquatic beetles from Cuba,
<bibRefCitation id="0EB008AB929D43A94DC0E672867BCB4F" author="Spangler, PJ" editor="Orghidan, T" journalOrPublisher="Academiell Republieli Socialiste Romania, Bucuresti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 171" refId="B43" refString="Spangler, PJ, 1981. Supplement to the aquatic and semiaquatic Coleoptera of Cuba collected by the Biospeleological Expeditions to Cuba by the academies of science of Cuba and Romania. In: Orghidan, T, Ed., Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques Cubano-Roumaines a Cuba, 3. Academiell Republieli Socialiste Romania, Bucuresti: 145 - 171" title="Supplement to the aquatic and semiaquatic Coleoptera of Cuba collected by the Biospeleological Expeditions to Cuba by the academies of science of Cuba and Romania." volumeTitle="Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques Cubano-Roumaines a Cuba, 3." year="1981">Spangler (1981)</bibRefCitation>
provided a detailed narrative on the status of
<taxonomicName id="C3424B4D124D98B2785E50081EE088E3" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="6C770CDE90F1D50A8690C7B60346FA58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="54E0FBCCFC1168CC51C2725008FB6A8E" lsidName="H. rufobrunneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rufobrunneus">
<emphasis id="729AE9F062B67918197034FC5FFE4174" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. rufobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as he had examined the types of both species. He pointed out that the attribution of the type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="D27578D8496733AC463E9F88B4F6F93E" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="1F5C3AC3DFDC7C3D79481E1D8C93C70F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
coming from the Antilles comes from details provided by
<bibRefCitation id="6CE16F883728451C2443CB4D8D1E5933" author="Zimsen, E" journalOrPublisher="Copenhagen, Munksgaard" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B50" refString="Zimsen, E, 1964. The type material of I.C. Fabricius. Copenhagen, Munksgaard" title="The type material of I. C. Fabricius." year="1964">Zimsen (1964)</bibRefCitation>
. Specifically, that Smidt (the provider of the type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="D2DB97B9EE7DCBFE15F0B86F86FCD581" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="70C0C7841B01A2BA25A8BB734679BAFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to Fabricius) was a customhouse officer in St. Croix who collected insects while stationed there. He considered this to be important because as the Fabricius type was female, in theory it could represent a senior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="BB25F9A43210BCF41D2AE26BF3EBF321" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="44EF6B6F95252F586CD428044F2F4A9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, further confounding the names. However, he had not seen any specimens from the Caribbean Islands with the
<taxonomicName id="F0F2F73F07E547DEB1275E04DBA207AC" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="EB3FB25538D2D5C57BD3F80E508D16E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form of the genitalia, and so concluded this was improbable. He concluded that
<taxonomicName id="6A84148275E8FE5A520D5127315833E6" lsidName="H. rufobrunneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rufobrunneus">
<emphasis id="8291309E19F0E0F6712662F4EAA0CA50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. rufobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="89CAF7B6FE6805C8DF876D58BB9D5719" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="7D07EEF672764F8429FCF96337D1DC59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C59EC8D812955186E76D1AFBD5B6CB46" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="9B3E48402B84AF6AEB3CA9A8AC66C754" author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 40" refId="B15" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1982a. Notas sobre el genero Helochares (Insecta, Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Neotropica 8 (79): 31 - 40" title="Notas sobre el genero Helochares (Insecta, Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="8" year="1982 a">
<normalizedToken id="1F9A7C69405EA04423B31166DACD0BA9" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
(1982a)
</bibRefCitation>
confirmed that indeed the aedeagus of a syntype of
<taxonomicName id="339C8ECF6EE8CD0D98094749CD8F6134" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="9CADBD7D4827C8D0BAFA05608008FD20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
matched the form that
<bibRefCitation id="E7EBE526E7D0B347950E93B83F2D6ED2" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 264" refId="B10" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1939. Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 10: 253 - 264" title="Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine." volume="10" year="1939">
<normalizedToken id="AB7AF88BBED0D8577239BE50B5C95ADD" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
(1939)
</bibRefCitation>
had speculated was the true
<taxonomicName id="7DFAE9B805846A08CA5B1226F9775658" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="F505EEAB5E49825E392E48B5582BFB1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see. Fig.
<figureCitation id="269423EEC200DB2EBEC5D336FC137145" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Aedeagi and habitus of the Novochares abbreviatus species group A-E N. oculatus: A-C aedeagus, Mexico D, E paralectotype from Guatemala D aedeagus E habitus F-K miscellaneous forms of aedeagi in the Novochares abbreviatus species group F, G Argentina H, I Venezuela J, K Bolivia L, M, R N. pallipes N, O N. baca A, D, F, H, J, L, N dorsal view B, M ventral view C, G, I, K, O lateral view R oblique view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881176" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9D, E</figureCitation>
). She designated a lectotype, removed
<taxonomicName id="6B4087EC8443EEF1722BB5FA090E51EE" lsidName="H. oculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="186306EEEF54A32A3A9463110F65597C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="84975CEFAC6200106DDC2C628C9DC37F" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="F46A00433A105FC31254E83362BE1A85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and reinstated it as a distinct species. Unaware that Spangler had synonymized
<taxonomicName id="224591CEDE263E72529C9B7B92AE4D17" lsidName="H. rufobrunneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rufobrunneus">
<emphasis id="2C520CDD6E8492A9C39CD4704BBCBB34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. rufobrunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="0FD8D3E49A2AF564BA071472226022DA" lsidName="H. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="2DD573246DAF607D8CB240C90B7F9D33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the year before, she also independently concluded that these two species were synonyms after examining the type of the former and proposed their synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="32BF3E4CEBF44C90A05769188FD43B1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The identity of the only other previously described species in this group,
<taxonomicName id="95610BB49AC48A7C5E25F5FFD8E31F1B" lsidName="N. pallipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallipes">
<emphasis id="475DC568E4BD0103BD0F9FA04279F582" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="9891342FAA0E57E317F6757F545A0EA3" originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
), has been much less controversial. Its modern identity has been constant since
<bibRefCitation id="1837643FB9472E5C6E71FE77F977F29C" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 264" refId="B10" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1939. Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 10: 253 - 264" title="Notes sur quelques Palpicornia de la Republique Argentine." volume="10" year="1939">
<normalizedToken id="BE83775C90E03CEAE1160EBA7ED78EED" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
(1939
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3) examined the type specimen and illustrated the genitalia, which is fairly distinct by
<taxonomicName id="5C6F7E38F056CF7974F2A57F2D6F8FAC" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2674B18B3FFF63F4EA785D85B3BFFA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standards.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30041D27AB954901A344E761A930DD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="the taxonomy and nomenclature of the n. abbreviatus species group: the present and future">
<paragraph id="D30568AA16FC4562239DBAFDCC95EF2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The taxonomy and nomenclature of the
<taxonomicName id="BD5F36631631DE164252C14B1C2D0525" lsidName="N. abbreviatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="4E915F593C1121316185E4B455AE3915" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group: the present and future
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="091E0ED5AE411217DE11D091664B01EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Soon after we began working on this revision, it became clear that this group of species would be particularly difficult to resolve-something that was not at all a surprise given the confusion it has posed in the past. Many of the challenges in this group are not unique within
<taxonomicName id="38D5E637E33AC02D8F38FCDC50FE023A" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="181BF0744EE264BE2D826CD91731F24E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: The lack of external characters, the presence of extremely widespread species, and subtle variation in aedeagal forms are found in many species groups within the genus. However, each of these problems is extreme within the
<taxonomicName id="473108A333F11F4D52531C64ACB65772" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="E857199A53C6C17D0F56E52B13B52FA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, combined with the fact that this is by far the most commonly found species group in collections. At least one species of
<taxonomicName id="C96EC405E072EFB203380F5BBE3A09DD" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C89295AAADC19A198E678D2D31D651D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably inhabits most open marshlands and pond margin habitats from Mexico to Argentina. Despite being only a few of more than 50 species, it probably represents more than half of the specimens in collections, and in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean Islands, the overwhelming majority of specimens we observed are in this group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F167AF5900C2DF0C52F6DF0EDE9F6DBB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We found there to be many subtle forms of variation in the aedeagus, much more so than we observed in other species groups. When we applied molecular data to try to resolve this issue, we found that
<taxonomicName id="81E57F7CCCFE0CB6ACB86CE0206E62D3" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Novochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novochares abbreviatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="746918D7F602594AC32183843201E448" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Novochares abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
truly is a very widespread species, with specimens from disparate localities such as Costa Rica and southern Brazil neatly grouping together, and that there are many distinct genetic lineages even within our very modest sampling (given the range and commonality of the group; see Fig.
<figureCitation id="4C6E99384BE3166E262C0760BAB1D904" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogeny of Novochares spp. Part 2: Novochares abbreviatus species group. Inferred from COI and 28 S combined sequence data. Numbers next to taxon names are extraction numbers (see Table 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881169" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
) and the differences in the aedeagal morphology can be small (Figs
<figureCitation id="D88AED4A32E1F6E325A88879C7066098" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Aedeagi of the Novochares abbreviatus species group A-L N. abbreviatus A-C Nicaragua D-F Argentina G-I Venezuela J-L Guyana M-O N. latus P-R N. pilatus A, D, G, J, M, P dorsal view B, E, H, K, N, Q ventral view C, F, I, L, O, R lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881175" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0CF3216E49D243447F802D825BAED160" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Aedeagi and habitus of the Novochares abbreviatus species group A-E N. oculatus: A-C aedeagus, Mexico D, E paralectotype from Guatemala D aedeagus E habitus F-K miscellaneous forms of aedeagi in the Novochares abbreviatus species group F, G Argentina H, I Venezuela J, K Bolivia L, M, R N. pallipes N, O N. baca A, D, F, H, J, L, N dorsal view B, M ventral view C, G, I, K, O lateral view R oblique view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1171.104142.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/881176" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
). Despite all the material and data at our disposal, there remained uncertainty about the boundaries between some of these lineages/putative species, and if we were not confident in telling them apart, we know that others would struggle even more. We were able to generally circumscribe the previously named species and have chosen to describe three relatively distinct lineages as new species that are supported by both morphology and DNA data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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