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130 lines
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<document id="DAAC9AC00F63BB177B882AAD2E8B3AC2" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00385.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5447636" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630462615209" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Healy, John M., Mikkelsen, Paula M. & Bieler, Rüdiger" docDate="2008" docId="131887E263331E211B844CDAFC10FB37" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00385.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00385.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Lunulicardia hemicardium" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="331" masterDocId="EF21FF9A63351E271B6E4855F943FFD8" masterDocTitle="Sperm ultrastructure in Hemidonax pictus (Hemidonacidae, Bivalvia, Mollusca): comparison with other heterodonts, especially Cardiidae, Donacidae and Crassatelloidea" masterLastPageNumber="347" masterPageNumber="325" pageNumber="331" updateTime="1699279852295" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="23E905B322A625E7A85937F0A8F59C4F">Sperm ultrastructure in Hemidonax pictus (Hemidonacidae, Bivalvia, Mollusca): comparison with other heterodonts, especially Cardiidae, Donacidae and Crassatelloidea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4094A5D04E55F5A1528AB3D30F88289">Healy, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D5086CC96C868393F306B8ACFB7B8C5">Mikkelsen, Paula M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7CAEBF288F01C69DFF74D3761E3D970">Bieler, Rüdiger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6D0B4EE196087429D7B8C14223116B2D">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F517AF7A939F0BECC72574C8EA67169B">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C27252E8CBDFCCBAD9C0470135E8CA24">2008-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="52699D4AE5A621D1C46FE8708D24CEF3">153</mods:number>
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<treatment id="131887E263331E211B844CDAFC10FB37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5492652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5492652" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:131887E263331E211B844CDAFC10FB37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/131887E263331E211B844CDAFC10FB37" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
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<subSubSection id="D3AB657F63331E211B844CDAF828FB11" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E211B844CDAFBDFFB7C" blockId="6.[234,668,1166,1188]" box="[234,668,1166,1188]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
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<heading id="C046819863331E211B844CDAFBDFFB7C" box="[234,668,1166,1188]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="5CB14D7763331E211B844CDAFB7FFB7A" ID-CoL="6QPLG" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[234,572,1167,1188]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Lunulicardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hemicardium">
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E211B844CDAFB7FFB7A" box="[234,572,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">LUNULICARDIA HEMICARDIUM</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E2119214CDBFBD0FB7C" box="[591,659,1166,1188]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">FIG. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E211BFE4CE1F828FB11" blockId="6.[144,759,1204,1655]" box="[144,363,1204,1225]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E211BFE4CE1F828FB11" box="[144,363,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Acrosomal complex</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3AB657F63331E211BFE4C86FC10FB37" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E211BFE4C86FB54F9AF" blockId="6.[144,759,1204,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
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The acrosomal vesicle is short (0.24 ± 0.02 Mm,
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2119DF4C81FB86FB31" box="[689,709,1236,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
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= 2) and dome-shaped (maximum diameter, at base, of 0.66 ± 0.01 Mm,
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E211A3E4D44F827FAFE" box="[336,356,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
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= 2) (
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211AC14D45FB6DFAFE" box="[431,558,1296,1318]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
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). It rests on a shallow, circular groove of the nuclear apex (forming a shallow nuclear hump at the nuclear apex) (
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211BF64D39F9AEFA5A" box="[152,237,1388,1410]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
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). Contents of the vesicle are differentiated into a somewhat, dense, basal ring that has an angulate profile, and is sheathed by a less dense material that also fills the anterior half of the vesicle (
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E2119F34D9DF9E7FA24" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
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). The basal invagination of the vesicle is deep in comparison with vesicle length and very broad (maximum diameter at base 0.4 ± 0.02 Mm,
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2119114E71FBD0F9E1" box="[639,659,1572,1593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
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= 2) and partially filled with a granular, but well-defined, deposit of subacrosomal material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E211BFE4EF4F9A8F96E" blockId="6.[144,759,1697,1903]" box="[144,235,1697,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E211BFE4EF4F9A8F96E" box="[144,235,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Nucleus</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E211BFE4E95FD2EFD7B" blockId="6.[144,759,1697,1903]" lastBlockId="6.[806,1421,531,675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
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The nucleus is short (length 2.15 ± 0.05 Mm,
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2119C44E95FBFDF90D" box="[682,702,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
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= 3), barrel shaped (maximum diameter, at mid-length, of 1.65 ± 0.05 Mm,
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E211A284EABF819F8CB" box="[326,346,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
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= 3) and slightly tapered anteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211BF64F49F84DF8E9" box="[152,270,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
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). Contents are highly electron dense with the exception of electron-lucent lacunae (the latter more pronounced posteriorly) (
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211A944F0CFB13F8B7" box="[506,592,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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). Apically, the nucleus projects slightly into the acrosomal vesicle invagination (
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E2118AB4A67FD79FD9F" box="[965,1082,562,584]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
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). Basally, very shallow indentations contact the surfaces of the midpiece mitochondria and also form an attachment point for the proximal centriole (
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211F654AD8FD22FD7B" box="[1035,1121,653,675]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E2118484A9BFACFFD3B" blockId="6.[806,1421,718,1076]" box="[806,908,718,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2118484A9BFACFFD3B" box="[806,908,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Midpiece</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E2118484AB9FD53FBEC" blockId="6.[806,1421,718,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
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The midpiece consists of four or more rarely five spherical mitochondria and a pair of centrioles (
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E2118404B7CFA8FFCE7" box="[814,972,809,831]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4A, C, D</figureCitation>
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). The centrioles (proximal and centriole) lie in contact with each other and are arranged orthogonally. A thin layer of dense material connects the proximal centriole to a shallow indentation of the nucleus. Satellite fibres connect the distal centriole to the plasma membrane (
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<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211F2C4B97FDF9FC01" box="[1090,1210,962,985]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
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). The entire midpiece region has a length of 0.7 ± 0.05 Mm (
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E211E7B4BB7FC6AFC2F" box="[1301,1321,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
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= 3) and a maximum diameter (of mitochondrial cluster) of 1.8 ± 0.2 Mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2118AA4C4AFA9BFBEC" box="[964,984,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 3).
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E2118484C0AFAD9FBAC" blockId="6.[806,1421,1119,1263]" box="[806,922,1119,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
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|
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2118484C0AFAD9FBAC" box="[806,922,1119,1140]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Flagellum</emphasis>
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E2118484C28FC10FB37" blockId="6.[806,1421,1119,1263]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
|
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The flagellum consists of a 9 + 2 microtubular configuration axoneme, sheathed by the plasma membrane (
|
|
<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E2118DE4CEFFD64FB08" box="[944,1063,1210,1232]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Lunulicardia hemicardium. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (with nuclear lacunae), midpiece region (mitochondria surrounding proximal and distal centrioles) and proximal portion of flagellum. Note also satellite fibres linking distal centriole to plasma membrane. B, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note broad but low nuclear projection. C, transverse section (TS) of midpiece of two spermatozoa and flagella of many others. Note four mitochondria. Arrows indicate terminal region of flagellum. D, TS of midpiece showing five mitochondria variant (proximal centriole shown in LS) and flagellae. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material." pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
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). From light microscopic observations, flagellar length is 46 ± 3.0 Mm (
|
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<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E211F974C8FFC4EFB37" box="[1273,1293,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 10).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |