175 lines
18 KiB
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175 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="12C6BFC617113F90347CDBBC4EB5F435" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax irregularis Britton" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853602" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:12C6BFC617113F90347CDBBC4EB5F435" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/12C6BFC617113F90347CDBBC4EB5F435" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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(029)
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<taxonomicName authority="Britton" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax irregularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">Mecyclothorax irregularis Britton</taxonomicName>
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Figs 44
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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, 45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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, 46A, 47A, 48
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclothorax multipunctatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctatus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="start">Cyclothorax</pageBreakToken>
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multipunctatus
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Blackburn, T" journalOrPublisher="The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="119 - 123" title="Characters of new genera and descriptions of new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian Islands." volume="15" year="1878 a">Blackburn 1878a</bibRefCitation>
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: 122 (misidentification).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax irregularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">Mecyclothorax irregularis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Britton, EB" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="107 - 166" title="A revision of the Hawaiian species of Mecyclothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Occasional Papers of the Bernice P." volume="19" year="1948 b">Britton 1948b</bibRefCitation>
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: 161;
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="309" pageNumber="310" pagination="97 - 128" title="New species of Mecyclothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Psydrini) from Polipoli, Maui define an area of endemism on Haleakala Volcano, Hawaii." url="10.1664/0028-7199(2005)113" volume="113" year="2005 b">Liebherr 2005b</bibRefCitation>
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, 122.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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The irregularly anastomosed elytral striae 2-6, combined with the bicolored dorsal surface-piceous head, testaceous pronotum, plus testaceous elytral convexities versus piceous striae (Fig. 44C)-uniquely diagnose this species within the Hawaiian
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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fauna. The ventral body coloration is equally distinctive, with the piceous genae, thoracic ventrites, metacoxae, and mediobasal portions of the basal abdominal ventrites distinctly contrasted to the pale mentum and gula, pronotal and elytral epipleura, and abdominal apex (Fig. 44D). Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 4.7-5.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Identification</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">(n = 5). The head is broader relative to the hindbody in this species, MEW/MHW = 1.78-1.90, than in any other species of the group. The broad head is based on a broad head capsule as the eyes are small, ocular lobe ratio = 0.70-0.81, and not very convex, ocular ratio = 1.30-1.39. The pronotal median base is smooth, with the small punctures isolated by areas of granulate isodiametric microsculpture. The laterobasal pronotal depressions are also smooth, shallow, with a broad median tubercle. Microsculpture across the body is well developed, with: 1, vertex, and pronotal disc and base with granulate isodiametric sculpticells, the surface appearing dull; 2, elytral disc and apex with isodiametric sculpticells; 3, metasternum covered with an upraised transverse mesh; and 4, basal abdominal ventrites with lateral areas covered with swirling isodiametric and transverse sculpticells.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe slender, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 45D); shaft curved basally, nearly straight apically, apex slightly expanded dorsoventrally with rounded tip; median lobe
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<pageBreakToken pageId="80" pageNumber="81" start="start">straight</pageBreakToken>
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in ventral view, left margin distinct incurved to blunt apex, right margin angled leftward to tip (Fig. 45E); internal sac without distinct ornamentation, but surface covered with melanic spicules, short flagellar plate evident in repose, length 0.24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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parameral articulation-tip distance.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded apex, length 0.68 mm, breadth 0.23 mm (Fig. 46A); bursal walls translucent, densely wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3 apical fringe setae, and 6-7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 47A); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex acuminate, base evenly extended laterally from lateral margin, 2 lateral ensiform setae with the apical seta longer and broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.73
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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Figure 46. Female bursa copulatrix and associated reproductive structures,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax interruptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interruptus">Mecyclothorax interruptus</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23). A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax irregularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">Mecyclothorax irregularis</taxonomicName>
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(Polipoli, 1738 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax anthracinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Mecyclothorax anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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(Kuhiwa, 2070-2100 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax arthuri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">Mecyclothorax arthuri</taxonomicName>
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(ESE Kuiki, 2145 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax inconscriptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inconscriptus">Mecyclothorax inconscriptus</taxonomicName>
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(Kaupō Gap, 1495 m). E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax foveolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveolatus">Mecyclothorax foveolatus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kopili‘ula">Kopili'ula</normalizedToken>
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, 1127 m) F
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax interruptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interruptus">Mecyclothorax interruptus</taxonomicName>
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(Waikamoi, 1310 m). Scale bar = 0.50 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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Figure 47. Left female gonocoxa,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax interruptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interruptus">Mecyclothorax interruptus</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax irregularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">Mecyclothorax irregularis</taxonomicName>
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(Polipoli, 1738 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax anthracinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Mecyclothorax anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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(Kuhiwa, 2070-2100 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax arthuri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">Mecyclothorax arthuri</taxonomicName>
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(ESE Kuiki, 2145 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax inconscriptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inconscriptus">Mecyclothorax inconscriptus</taxonomicName>
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(Kaupō Gap, 1495 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax foveolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveolatus">Mecyclothorax foveolatus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kopili‘ula">Kopili'ula</normalizedToken>
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, 1127 m) F
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax interruptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interruptus">Mecyclothorax interruptus</taxonomicName>
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(Waikamoi, 1310 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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Female (BMNH) labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui code (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zimmerman, EC" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" title="Ephemeroptera-Neuroptera-Trichoptera and Supplement to Volumes 1 to 5." volumeTitle="Insects of Hawai'i" year="1957">Zimmerman 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: 210), multip (on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1883-30 //
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="irregularis" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="irregularis">irregularis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. E.B. Britton det. 1939.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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This species was described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Britton, EB" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="107 - 166" title="A revision of the Hawaiian species of Mecyclothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Occasional Papers of the Bernice P." volume="19" year="1948 b">Britton (1948b)</bibRefCitation>
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from a single Blackburn specimen originally considered by Blackburn to represent
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax multipunctatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctatus">Mecyclothorax multipunctatus</taxonomicName>
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. The type locality for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax multipunctatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctatus">Mecyclothorax multipunctatus</taxonomicName>
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was listed as "Haleakala, 4000 ft."; i.e. near Olinda. The only modern records derive from the ecologically disjunct forest near Polipoli Springs on
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā’s">Haleakala's</normalizedToken>
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southwest rift (Fig. 48). Microhabitats at Polipoli where this species has been collected include
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dryopteris wallichiana" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichiana">Dryopteris wallichiana</taxonomicName>
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(laukahi) fern litter, deep leaf litter at the bottom of a small rocky face, and the mossy surface of a small, downed
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus radiata" order="Pinales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">Pinus radiata</taxonomicName>
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trunk lying in deep leaf litter at the bottom of a shallow ravine.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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Figure 48. Recorded geographic distributions of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax interruptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interruptus">Mecyclothorax interruptus</taxonomicName>
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group species.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |