478 lines
38 KiB
XML
478 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713" ID-PMC="PMC5972148" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-99-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" ID-PubMed="29861651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1254650" ModsDocID="1314-2003-99-1" checkinTime="1526951308438" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Block, Petra De, Rakotonasolo, Franck, Ntore, Salvator, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, & Janssens, Steven" docDate="2018" docId="0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 99: 1-66" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 99" docPubDate="2018-05-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713" docTitle="Exallosperma longiflora De Block 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" masterDocTitle="Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668142303887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Block, Petra De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">petra.deblock@plantentuinmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotonasolo, Franck</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Lot II J 131 Ambodivoanjo, Ivandry, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo- 101, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ntore, Salvator</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, P. O. Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Janssens, Steven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-05-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>66</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-99-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1254650</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="144059756" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="0E804860-8210-5276-A5AD-84FDFA233905" authority="De Block" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma longiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiflora" status="sp. nov.">Exallosperma longiflora De Block</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Exallosperma and Helictosperma. A-C Exallosperma longiflora: A flowering branch B inflorescence C infructescence from herbarium specimen Gautier et al. 4257 D Helictosperma poissoniana, flowering branch E, F Helictosperma malacophylla: E inflorescence F detail of inflorescence. Photographs: P. De Block (A, D), S. Dessein (E, F), L. Nusbaumer (B, C, ©: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203817" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2A-C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Exallosperma longiflora. A habit B stipules C inflorescence D bracteole, ovary and calyx E corolla and stigma F longitudinally opened flower, showing the position of stamens and style G stigma H placenta and ovules, abaxial view I fruit (with bracteole). A-G Capuron 24425 - SF H De Block et al. 1132 I Capuron 24663 - SF." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203819" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Exallosperma longiflora: pyrene and seed. A fruit with exocarp and mesocarp removed, showing two pyrenes B abaxial view of pyrene, showing apical preformed germination slit C adaxial view of pyrene, showing apical preformed germination slit and open centre D lateral view of seed, showing irregular ridges on the seed surface E cross-section through pyrene and seed, showing the adaxial opening of the pyrene, the entire endosperm and the irregular ridges formed by strongly elongated exotesta cells F longitudinal section of seed, showing the embryo position. A-F Capuron 24663 - SF." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203820" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Pollen of Exallosperma and Helictosperma. A-D, M Exallosperma longiflora E-H, N Helictosperma malacophylla I-L H. poissoniana. A, E, I polar view B, F, J equatorial view C, G, K mesocolpium D, H, L ectoaperture M, N pollen grain wall. A, M Nusbaumer & Ranirison 1992 B-D De Block et al. 1132 E-H, N Phillipson 3068 I-L Leandri 573." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9A-D, M</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Differing from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Homollea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homollea septentrionalis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Homollea septentrionalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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De Block by the size and shape of the leaves of the first order bracts (broadly ovate to orbiculate, 5.5-9.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.2-9.5 cm vs. broadly ovate to ovate, 0.8-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-2.5 cm in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. septentrionalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. septentrionalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the calyx tube and lobes which are glabrous inside (vs. densely sericeous), the lower number of ovules (3-4 vs. 4-6) and the different seeds (2 seeds with irregularly distributed surface ridges, ca. 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.5 mm vs. 2-6 seeds with smooth surface, ca. 4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5-3 mm).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1254730" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203817" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Block & Rakotonasolo & Ntore & Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison & Janssens" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Helictosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helictosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helictosperma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma longiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiflora">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma longiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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infructescence from herbarium specimen Gautier et al. 4257
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Homolle ex De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Helictosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helictosperma poissoniana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poissoniana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helictosperma poissoniana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Block & Rakotonasolo & Ntore & Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison & Janssens" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Helictosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helictosperma malacophylla" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malacophylla">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helictosperma malacophylla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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detail of inflorescence. Photographs: P. De Block (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, D</emphasis>
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), S. Dessein (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
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), L. Nusbaumer (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
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, ©: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Genève">Geneve</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-01-08" collectorName="De Block, Rakotonasolo, Randriamboavonjy" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Analamerana" location="Irodo" municipality="Irodo river" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana">Antsiranana Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Analamerana</collectingCounty>
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, bank of
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<collectingMunicipality>Irodo river</collectingMunicipality>
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, close to
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:ED4C75A0019E79A62128518E46109826" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Analamerana" municipality="Irodo river" name="Irodo" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">Irodo</location>
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camp,
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<collectingDate value="2002-01-08">8 Jan. 2002</collectingDate>
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(fl.),
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<collectorName>De Block</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>Rakotonasolo</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>Randriamboavonjy</collectorName>
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1132 (
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: BR!; isotypes: BR!, G!, K!, MO!, P!, TAN!, UPS!)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Shrub, up to
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<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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tall. Young shoots bisulcate, brown, densely covered with erect hairs, rapidly becoming corky with loss of pubescence; older branches brown or greyish-brown, corky and somewhat flaking. Leaves often immature at time of flowering, 7-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.5" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5-8.5 cm</quantity>
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, ovate or elliptic, more rarely broadly elliptic or broadly ovate (but leaves of first order bracts broadly ovate to orbiculate); blades papyraceous, drying brown to dark brown, not discolorous, densely covered with erect hairs on both surfaces; base cordate, rounded, truncate or unequal; apex acuminate, acumen
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="2.0">2-15 mm</quantity>
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long; midrib and secondary nerves raised on the lower leaf surface; midrib impressed especially in the basal half on the upper leaf surface; 8-12 secondary nerves on each side of the midrib. Petioles densely covered with erect hairs,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10-25 mm</quantity>
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long (but shorter in leaves of first order bracts). Stipules caducous, covered with erect hairs along the base and the keel outside but rapidly becoming corky and losing the pubescence; stipules of vegetative nodes with sheaths
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2.5 mm</quantity>
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long and awns
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-3 mm</quantity>
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long, those of inflorescence-bearing nodes ovate with acute or shortly acuminate tips,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4-8 mm</quantity>
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long. Inflorescences consisting of 3-12 flowers, 1-2
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 cm</quantity>
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; anthesis asynchronous within inflorescence; all inflorescence parts (peduncle, axes, pedicels, bracts and bracteoles) densely covered with erect hairs; peduncle
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1-3 cm</quantity>
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long; first order axes
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3-10 mm</quantity>
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||
long; first order bracts with stipular parts triangular and leaves broadly ovate to orbiculate, 5.5-9.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="4.2" unit="cm" value="6.85" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="4.2">4.2-9.5 cm</quantity>
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, with strongly cordate or cordate bases and petioles 3-6(-10) mm long; higher order bracts linear, up to
|
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
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long; bracteoles opposite on the pedicel just below the ovary, linear,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="cm" value="0.7" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.4">0.4-1 cm</quantity>
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long. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, pedicels
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0-2 mm</quantity>
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long. Calyx green, densely covered with erect hairs outside; tube ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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long, glabrous and without colleters inside; lobes narrowly triangular, 12-16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1-1.5 mm</quantity>
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(but shorter in young buds), densely covered with appressed hairs at the base and spreading or erect hairs in the upper half inside, bases not overlapping but closely joining, tips acute. Corolla tube
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.7" unit="cm" value="3.15" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.7">2.7-3.6 cm</quantity>
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long, ca.
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||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter at the base, c.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter at the throat, densely covered with erect hairs outside, upper half densely covered with erect hairs inside with pubescence continuing in the throat and on the base of the corolla lobes; lobes elliptic, 9-11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, sparsely to moderately covered with erect hairs outside, densely covered with erect hairs at the base inside, margins densely ciliate, tips acute to apiculate. Anthers sessile, inserted in the sinuses of the corolla lobes
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2-2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
below the level of the throat, included in the corolla tube except for the very tips,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3-3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ovary ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, green, densely covered with erect hairs. Style and stigma white, exserted from the corolla tube for
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 mm</quantity>
|
||
at anthesis, style glabrous or with a few long spreading hairs in the upper half; stigma slender, papillae present on the inner surface of the free tips, longitudinal papillate lines running down for up to
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but papillae absent just below the tips. Fruits 7-10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5-8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(persistent calyx not included), moderately to densely covered with erect hairs, drying black and glossy when ripe; seeds ca. 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lowland dry deciduous and semi-deciduous forest on limestone; alt. 0-450 m.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma longiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma longiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the northernmost tip of Madagascar in the Sava and Diana Regions. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution maps. A Exallosperma longiflora B Helictosperma malacophylla C H. poissoniana D Pseudocoptosperma menabense E Tulearia splendida F T. capsaintemariensis." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203829" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering: January-February; Fruiting: April.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="critical note">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Critical note.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles the Madagascan endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J.Arenes" authorityYear="1960" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Homollea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homollea" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Homollea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the pedunculate, pauciflorous, pseudo-axillary inflorescences and the pentamerous flowers with relatively long corolla tubes and long, narrow calyx lobes.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised by the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
-branching pattern, the large, broadly ovate to orbiculate leaves of the first order bracts, the basally attached placentas from which 3-4 collateral ovules arise, the fruit containing 2 stony pyrenes, each with a laterally flattened ovoid seed with irregularly distributed surface ridges formed by elongation of the exotesta cells and by the pollen with psilate tectum.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma longiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma longiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Homollea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homollea septentrionalis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Homollea septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which it resembles by the dense pubescence on vegetative and reproductive organs, the pauciflorous inflorescences, the long flowers with tapering corolla lobes and the long, linear calyx lobes. The two species can be distinguished by the size and shape of the leaves of the first order bracts (broadly ovate to orbiculate, 5.5-9.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.2-9.5 cm in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma longiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma longiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. broadly ovate to ovate, 0.8-3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5-2.5 cm in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. septentrionalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the pubescence of the calyx tube and lobes inside (glabrous vs. densely sericeous), the number of ovules (3-4 vs. 4-6) and the different seeds (2 seeds with irregularly distributed surface ridges, ca. 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.5 mm vs. 2-6 seeds with smooth surface, ca. 4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5-3 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary iucn assessment">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary IUCN assessment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Endangered: EN B1ab(i, ii, iii, iv) + 2ab(i, ii, iii, iv). The extent of occurrence (EOO) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma longiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma longiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is estimated to be 1,791 km2 and its area of occupancy (AOO) 54 km2, which both comply with the criteria for the Endangered category under sub-criteria B1 and B2. The species is known from seven collections, all but two of these collected after the year 2000, reflecting the intensified collection effort in northern Madagascar during the last 20 years.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma longiflora" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma longiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in four locations, three of which are within protected areas, notably
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andrafiamena">d'Andrafiamena</normalizedToken>
|
||
(which includes Analamerana), Loky Manambato (Daraina) and Montagne de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The main threat to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. longiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. longiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is decline of its habitat both inside and outside the protected areas as a result of slash-and-burn agriculture, logging for timber and charcoal and burning to favour the growth of young grass for the grazing of cattle. Furthermore, traditional mining for gold is a serious threath in the area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rakotondravony, HA" journalOrPublisher="Malagasy Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="52 - 65" publicationUrl="http://www.vahatra.mg/volume2/mn02_03.pdf" refId="B66" refString="Rakotondravony, HA, 2009. Reptiles, amphibiens et gradient altitudinal dans la region de Daraina, extreme nord-est de Madagascar. Malagasy Nature 2: 52 - 65, http://www.vahatra.mg/volume2/mn02_03.pdf" title="Reptiles, amphibiens et gradient altitudinal dans la region de Daraina, extreme nord-est de Madagascar." url="http://www.vahatra.mg/volume2/mn02_03.pdf" volume="2" year="2009">Rakotondravony 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nusbaumer, L" editor="van der Burgt, X" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="253 - 264" refId="B60" refString="Nusbaumer, L, Ranirison, P, Gautier, L, Chatelain, C, Loizeau, P-A, Spichiger, R, 2010. Loky-Manambato: point de rencontre des principales unites phytogeographiques de Madagascar. In: van der Burgt, X, van der Maesen, J, Onana, J-M, Eds., Systematique et Conservation des Plantes Africaines. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 253 - 264" title="Loky-Manambato: point de rencontre des principales unites phytogeographiques de Madagascar." volumeTitle="Systematique et Conservation des Plantes Africaines." year="2010">Nusbaumer et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on the above information, the species is listed as Endangered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1966-01-28" collectingDateMax="2006-02-04" collectingDateMin="1966-01-28" collectorName="de l'Anosiarivo, de l'Ankitakona, De Block, Rakotonasolo, Randriamboavonjy, de Vohemar, de Daraina, Wohlhauser, Nusbaumer, de Solaniampilana-Maroadabo, Ranirison" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" elevation="300" location="Massif de l'Ankitakona" municipality="Capuron" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana">Antsiranana Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
, plateau
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="supérieur">superieur</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Anosiarivo">l'Anosiarivo</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1966-01-28">28 Jan 1966</collectingDate>
|
||
(fl.),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Capuron</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
24425-SF (BR, P, TEF);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:DEDE32C2F0348968F3FD32A37F8B4634" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" municipality="Capuron" name="Massif de l'Ankitakona" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
|
||
Massif
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Ankitakona">l'Ankitakona</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1966-04-25">25 Apr 1966</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:33993F2D1EA66774E847E19C7AA05E17" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" municipality="Capuron" name="Capuron" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">Capuron</location>
|
||
24663-SF (BR, P, TEF);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:EB1118057085F20F4AFE217FF85E59BA" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" municipality="Capuron" name="Analamerana" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">Analamerana</location>
|
||
, bank of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:7C07C1A0480599C17100B81EE184B22E" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" municipality="Capuron" name="Irodo river" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">Irodo river</location>
|
||
, close to
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:C5C754C2BCA6E16A0F75057A48AE52B7" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" municipality="Capuron" name="Irodo" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">Irodo</location>
|
||
camp,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2002-01-06">6 Jan 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
(fl.),
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:62381F308447679B37FBBF81B6347A71" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" municipality="Capuron" name="De Block" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">De Block</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Rakotonasolo</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Randriamboavonjy</collectorName>
|
||
1080 (BR, MO, P, TAN, UPS);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:69D91BDB668B290188BFECBC41691122" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" municipality="Capuron" name="Sava" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">Sava</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="sous-préfecture">sous-prefecture</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Vohemar</collectorName>
|
||
, commune rurale
|
||
<collectorName>de Daraina</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:01ADD4ADE457F5CA9B7899213EBC6158" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" municipality="Capuron" name="Daraina" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">Daraina</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambilondomba">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E80486082105276A5AD84FDFA233905:0F5C0F1CFB66152EC674C3BC2CB1FF7B" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Montagne des Francais" municipality="Capuron" name="d'Ambilondomba" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">d'Ambilondomba</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Ambilondomba">W of Ambilondomba</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
S du point
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="côté">cote</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4114999999999993" unit="m" value="341150.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4114999999999993" unit="m" value="341150.0">341, 150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-03-08">8 Mar 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.), Gautier,
|
||
<collectorName>Wohlhauser</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Nusbaumer</collectorName>
|
||
4257 (BR, G, K); Sava,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="sous-préfecture">sous-prefecture</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Vohemar</collectorName>
|
||
, commune rurale
|
||
<collectorName>de Daraina</collectorName>
|
||
, Daraina,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Solaniampilana-Maroadabo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
du point
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="côté">cote</normalizedToken>
|
||
608, au 85°,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" unit="m" value="437.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" unit="m" value="437.0">437 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2006-02-02">2 Feb 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
(fl.),
|
||
<collectorName>Nusbaumer</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Ranirison</collectorName>
|
||
1992 (BR, G); Sava,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="sous-préfecture">sous-prefecture</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Vohemar</collectorName>
|
||
, commune rurale
|
||
<collectorName>de Daraina</collectorName>
|
||
, Daraina,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Solaniampilana-Maroadabo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" unit="m" value="750.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
du point
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="côté">cote</normalizedToken>
|
||
608, au 205°,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.28" unit="m" value="328.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.28" unit="m" value="328.0">328 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2006-02-04">4 Feb 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
(fl.),
|
||
<collectorName>Nusbaumer</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Ranirison</collectorName>
|
||
2151 (G)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |