171 lines
18 KiB
XML
171 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="4598972BE8DAA66239BE570C06571ED4">
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<mods:title id="784358BDF078F3EA3D7B86737134072A">New systematic assignments in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8DE57A03AF3A01BDEB08453D4ED228CB">Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="92F7BE6FE73C6EC6F6444053F46CC5EB">Benedetti, Alipio Rezende</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBA821D9A8E22EDC1DAE144733A7B7BD">de Vasconcelos, Eduardo Gomes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8468554011A11019D18745FF465AF6E">Hara, Marcos Ryotaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BFFB6C6273A74CE639FD48E7C9B4D9CF">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2447A45B1D3820D9B6C9834916C949CF">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D0853B23626BF96984E05E8443AEFBED">198</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1C998B55AB25449C53971008538441C2">25</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="5FA1467DA742455ED4F6FEF3B69B5C74">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.198.2337</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="50262962964414E82FB371D2D465E170">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8B73668556C18CEA7947C990B5AF84A4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.198.2337</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F54E7F8E796D81C058DF08316DF22FBA" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-198-25</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0D9602A1EB4016A1A68A22D96B2CBA02" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035943" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D9602A1EB4016A1A68A22D96B2CBA02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D9602A1EB4016A1A68A22D96B2CBA02" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" scope_class="Arachnida" scope_family="Cranaidae" scope_order="Opiliones" scope_subOrder="Laniatores" scope_superFamily="Gonyleptoidea">
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<subSubSection id="2EA48F1033258DBB3F9861A9B3792C1D" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E80D190EAD605AEACB498CB8653AE687" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="6B6AEF7BB0B8EEF21CDE6B51BA0DC0E8" ID-CoL="7XDTY" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Napostygnus_bispinosus" authority="Roewer, 1929" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1929" class="Arachnida" family="Nomoclastidae" genus="Napostygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Napostygnus bispinosus" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">Napostygnus bispinosus Roewer, 1929</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="63F18C967415F42E25A2C5D716D8A561" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CE970092EFC7419D60856611704B44AC" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="5622EC64C30EC6CA97DDF52A605BBBB5" class="Arachnida" family="Nomoclastidae" genus="Napostygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Napostygnus bispinosus" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">Napostygnus bispinosus</taxonomicName>
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Roewer, 1929: 275, fig. 42 (♀);
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<bibRefCitation id="0B098D8863EC592E4D5C4C472AC6379A" author="Kury, AB" journalOrPublisher="Revista Iberica de Aracnologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" pagination="5 - 337" title="Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)" volume="1" year="2003">Kury 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 145; (female holotype, Ecuador, Napo, Valley of Rio Napo, SMF RI 1004/3, examined).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C1F2B04E46DFB897D03D2EF2059D2096" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="1887D6DC9D7899EB6CF4897A964D08CF" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="91355235272231461E454FEB136C30FB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
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ECUADOR. Napo: Valley of Rio Napo, 1 female holotype (SMF RI 1004/3);
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<normalizedToken id="F8741F66DF9CC0B1E9AA87011E001988" originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
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Quijos, Parroquira Cozanga, Yanayacu Research Station (
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<geoCoordinate id="602FED6F901CFF9F0911BE5A242F5955" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5833333">0°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="210386FAB7A77C914841A52DA1E6BDF4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.95">78°57'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2128 m), 1 ♂ & 2 ♀ (MZSP 36132); ditto, 1 ♀ (IBSP 10550)
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<pageBreakToken id="19C67292E2CDAE6D2A615D4CB67D098B" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="85AF269092E6CDFD54D115DBB50E8396" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="73F46DF46341F69DEF938F8BE5BE42F9" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C0D182AA8F8C867B4EC6F7E091F220E5" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
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Male (MZSP 36132). Dorsum (Fig. 3A). Measurements: dorsal scutum length 4.1; dorsal scutum maximum width 3.5; carapace length 2.1; carapace maximum width 2.9; femur IV length 11.2. Body outline nearly subrectangular. Anterior margin of dorsal scutum with a median frontal hump small-granulate. Ocularium near middle of carapace, saddle shaped, with small granules near the eyes, unarmed. Carapace higher than the rest of dorsal scutum, with 4 tubercles behind ocularium. Scutal areas
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<normalizedToken id="7818C54771BADDB4B6AC3E1701AF7C9B" originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
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with 2 small median tubercles on each area; IV with 4 tubercles. Lateral margin of dorsal scutum with a low density of small granules. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergite I with a row of small granules, unarmed. Free tergites
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<normalizedToken id="6AB1B0785C1A9635E4585C96888B0C67" originalValue="II–III">II-III</normalizedToken>
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each with a median spine, small granulate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4DEC37755C54E17FD21D420FF996E35E" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Chelicera: segment I unarmed. Segment II swollen, finger II with 3 teeth, III with 4 teeth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CAC59B8B333922AFAC2ED60341C806A8" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Pedipalpus: trochanter with 2 ventral tubercles, femur and patella smooth. Tibial setation: retrolateral iiIii; prolateral iiiIiii. Tarsal setation: retrolateral IiIi; prolateral IiiiIi.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC1FF83B795A34ED532A47F0B03A0491" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
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Legs: legs
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<normalizedToken id="3077B157425FA486C9DB66EE3EBFBC0F" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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unarmed and without granules, except for trochanters, which are small granulate. Basitarsus I slightly inflated. Tarsal process present. Tarsal segmentation: 6(3); 16(3); 6; 7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6757D5B914F3D004E0186586C8523688" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
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Penis (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken id="93EC613AF8771D05B37791D7BB256F6F" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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): ventral plate with almost straight distal margin, thick median lobe and folded ventrally to the distal setae, 3 pairs of distal setae and 2 pairs of basal setae. Glans with thumb-like dorsal process. Stylus with dorsal apical projection and ventral apical small trichomes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86B1F3EBD72E170CE17725AC1EEEAF86" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
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Coloration (in ethanol) (Fig. 3A): body background yellow with brown spots mainly on carapace, scutal areas, lateral and posterior margins of dorsal scutum and free tergites. Mesotergum with one longitudinal yellow stripe surrounded by blackish pigment at grooves
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<normalizedToken id="CDD657318E911EEC51DA82F9323ACC6E" originalValue="I–V">I-V</normalizedToken>
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. Pedipalpus and chelicera yellowish brown with a brown reticulate pattern. Legs yellowish brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EB9A64583F2CD51F665B47D4F9EBAAD5" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" type="taxonomical note">
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<paragraph id="73DE32254B3D956646FEAFE510546CA1" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Taxonomical note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F6D145254D4F1377EFC1CBB4004DB162" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="0F6B6D01F790C10533A38F184FB20916" class="Arachnida" family="Nomoclastidae" genus="Napostygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Napostygnus" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Napostygnus</taxonomicName>
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was originally placed in
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<taxonomicName id="E859C17016465DEDEB2FD3880C60BB58" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gonyleptidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6F07C486ABD6DF8A64D928596141113F" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Prostygninae">Prostygninae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="9292F4156407246AEBD26085B5002219" author="Kury, AB" journalOrPublisher="Revue arachnologique" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" pagination="137 - 145" title="The genus Yania and others presumed Tricommatidae from South American highlands (Opiliones, Cranaidae, Prostygninae)." volume="10" year="1994 b">Kury (1994b)</bibRefCitation>
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transferred
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<taxonomicName id="73BDB7259370314CEA4E6B0D27757FF8" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Prostygninae">Prostygninae</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="AACAD479381EF4786C4442ED82C76113" class="Arachnida" family="Cranaidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cranaidae</taxonomicName>
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and later transferred
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<taxonomicName id="0859DF32B075CC6C079603A2F54322F9" class="Arachnida" family="Nomoclastidae" genus="Napostygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Napostygnus" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Napostygnus</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="7627467F1D344ED86EBC6F4928DD449D" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gonyleptidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DCD4F560A3C20CF432D4734C8D723430" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metasarcinae">Metasarcinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="338FAF86059C52227A3478A6EAB88DD2" author="Kury, AB" journalOrPublisher="Revista Iberica de Aracnologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" pagination="5 - 337" title="Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)" volume="1" year="2003">Kury 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). We herein propose the removal of
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<taxonomicName id="1EBF9839420319EEB0648CBB8EE0A819" class="Arachnida" family="Nomoclastidae" genus="Napostygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Napostygnus" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Napostygnus</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="C297906236DBBA5A7495AFC8AEEF8B67" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metasarcinae">Metasarcinae</taxonomicName>
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based on male genitalia, which does not present the diagnostic character for the subfamily (
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<bibRefCitation id="AEA9589A75BBFF814B86D5DACDCDB11A" author="Kury, AB" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" pagination="143 - 162" title="A new genus and five new species of Metasarcinae from Peru (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1998.tb01297.x" volume="123" year="1998">Kury and Maury 1998</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="0766A457C235B58ED9E0676B3F00278B" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Kury and Pinto-da-Rocha 2007b</bibRefCitation>
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), viz., a pair of spiny laterobasal sacs on the ventral plate. Another remarkable difference from
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<taxonomicName id="52908B2AEE4FDE07AC064E841A26F7DF" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metasarcinae">Metasarcinae</taxonomicName>
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is the unarmed ventral pedipalpus femur. The combination of characteristics of penis and body morphology does not allow placing
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<taxonomicName id="8BA5050F0A330D6CD057DD7A3419EAB9" class="Arachnida" family="Nomoclastidae" genus="Napostygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Napostygnus bispinosus" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">Napostygnus bispinosus</taxonomicName>
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in any other family of Laniatores which bear tarsal process on legs
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<normalizedToken id="B12547D590508D6BDBDACB24EEC74B2E" originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
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. The slightly swollen male basitarsus I is not equal to those of
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<taxonomicName id="65415ED71C0FAE2AC8E81C41F2CE08AF" class="Arachnida" family="Manaosbiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Manaosbiidae</taxonomicName>
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, and furthermore the genitalia is distinct, since it possesses a dorsal process. The ocularium resembles those of
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<taxonomicName id="DC67D39AD52E25E099AA494A10E5739C" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gonyleptidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="82CDB84EF94219FDF8119B01A5EA75C8" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bourguyiinae">Bourguyiinae</taxonomicName>
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, but the penis is not similar, because there is only a dorsal process and no ventral process. The aspect of the penis resembles those of
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<taxonomicName id="2511E6626CDE50ABE11E8ED20854E3DF" class="Arachnida" family="Cranaidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cranaidae</taxonomicName>
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(presence of dorsal process, ventral plate and setae shape) and therefore, we propose its transfer to this family. It is noteworthy to mention that the morphology of the body of
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<taxonomicName id="B1EA5278202FEB151AF152D15E282EBC" class="Arachnida" family="Nomoclastidae" genus="Napostygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Napostygnus bispinosus" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">Napostygnus bispinosus</taxonomicName>
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is somewhat distinct from the typical
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<taxonomicName id="8747FC2A4ADDF5FE66B916E7F164C20E" class="Arachnida" family="Cranaidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cranaidae</taxonomicName>
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. We will not assign it to any subfamily, following the opinion of
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<bibRefCitation id="8A63A3EEAE278DA7682D529C9D0A8CC7" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Orrico and Kury (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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on the meaninglessness of current subfamily classifications in
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<taxonomicName id="AFD3F404D2331214876A4C75E7EFD06C" class="Arachnida" family="Cranaidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cranaidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D87F097C738E289B524B6FDFA232942C" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
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<paragraph id="28948A4F95E487CD22353EB91A7158D1" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName id="3D6BB590F0E7CAAE0B58EB663FA9EA8B" class="Arachnida" family="Nomoclastidae" genus="Napostygnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Napostygnus bispinosus" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">Napostygnus bispinosus</taxonomicName>
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Roewer. Male (MZSP 36132): A habitus, dorsal view. Distal part of penis B in dorsal view C ditto, left lateral view. B, C at same scale. Scale bar A = 1 mm. Scale bar B = 0.1 mm.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |