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241 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3099cbb5-2a81-4b55-8401-69313f7a1532" ID-PMC="PMC6742673" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-131-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="18E94FF80CA35C42B45D1A53CD92065F" ID-PubMed="31565024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3406907" ModsDocID="1314-2003-131-57" checkinTime="1567745833710" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pereira, Jovani B. de S., Guimaraes, Jose Tasso F. & Watanabe, Mauricio T. C." docDate="2019" docId="0CB9B8BCA03D58CAA7DB610008C588E0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 131: 57-67" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 131" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983" docTitle="Isoetes santacruzensis J. B. S. Pereira 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="18E94FF80CA35C42B45D1A53CD92065F" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="18E94FF80CA35C42B45D1A53CD92065F" masterDocTitle="Isoetes dubsii and Isoetes santacruzensis, two new species from lowland areas in South America" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668139485232" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Isoetes dubsii and Isoetes santacruzensis, two new species from lowland areas in South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Pereira, Jovani B. de S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guimaraes, Jose Tasso F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Watanabe, Mauricio T. C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>131</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>67</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-131-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">18E94FF80CA35C42B45D1A53CD92065F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3406907</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159413383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0CB9B8BCA03D58CAA7DB610008C588E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0CB9B8BCA03D58CAA7DB610008C588E0" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName LSID="0CB9B8BC-A03D-58CA-A7DB-610008C588E0" authority="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis" status="sp. nov.">Isoetes santacruzensis J.B.S.Pereira</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes dubsii (Dubs 829, Z / ZT), I. santacruzensis (Killeen et al. 7131, MO), I. pedersenii (Troels 8105, L) and I. panamensis (Balansa 3294, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331200" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Type of Isoetes santacruzensis (image courtesy of the herbarium MO). Photographer: Mike Blomberg." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331202" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes santacruzensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterised by having flexuous, filiform leaves ranging from 0.4-0.8 mm wide at mid length and reaching up to 15 cm long, 15-30 leaves per individual, black or reddish-black sporangia, sclerified phyllopodia present, sparsely verrucate megaspores of 320-390
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(average of 350
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) in diameter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Nuflo de Chaves,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-15.544445">15°32'40"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-61.99111">61°59'28"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 450 m a.s.l., 11 Nov 1994,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Killeen et al. 7131</emphasis>
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(holotype: MO!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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Plant aquatic partially submerged or ephemeral terrestrial in rocky granite outcrops. Roots conspicuous, dichotomous. Stems globose, 3-lobate, 0.8-1.2 cm wide. Leaves 6-15 cm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide at mid length, 15-30 per individual, filiform, flexuous, laxly ascending, apex attenuate; alae 0.3-3.5 cm long, extending from the base ca. 1/5 of total leaf length, hyaline or light brown, membranaceous, apex attenuate; subula olive green, trigonal. Labium present, persistent, cordate, 0.2-0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-0.9 mm. Ligule not observed in herbarium material. Velum rudimentary to> 0.2 mm wide along the lateral edges of the sporangium. Sclerified phyllopodia present. Sporangium at the base of the leaf 2.5-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.0-2.5 mm, oblong, black or reddish-black, concolorous. Megaspores 320-390
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter (average = 350
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">n</emphasis>
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= 20), trilete, white, not lustrous; proximal and distal surfaces sparsely verrucate, macrosculpture 10-25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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19-31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, slightly wider than high; laesurae 26-30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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16-21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, slightly higher than wide. Microspores 23-27
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long (average = 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">n</emphasis>
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= 20), light brown, monolete, proximal surface smooth, distal surface sparsely echinate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution and Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes santacruzensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only known from its type locality, where it grows as aquatic to ephemeral terrestrial in rocky granite outcrops, at elevations of about 450 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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The specific epithet refers to the type region, the Department of Santa Cruz in Bolivia (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map showing the type locations of Isoetes dubsii and I. santacruzensis." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331201" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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Until now, six species of
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<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were known from Bolivia, although the presence of unpublished species has already been mentioned (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" author="Kessler, M" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="83 - 86" refId="B6" refString="Kessler, M, Smith, AR, 2018. Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoetaceae. Phytotaxa 344 (1): 83 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" title="Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoetaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" volume="344" year="2018">Kessler and Smith 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). Most of the known Bolivian species are from Andean habitats (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" author="Kessler, M" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="83 - 86" refId="B6" refString="Kessler, M, Smith, AR, 2018. Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoetaceae. Phytotaxa 344 (1): 83 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" title="Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoetaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" volume="344" year="2018">Kessler and Smith 2018</bibRefCitation>
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) and have rugulate, laevigate (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes andicola (Fuentes 13907, MO), I. boliviensis (Casas 6619, MO), I. herzogii (Ritter 2209, MO) and I. lechleri (Solomon 15517, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331203" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) or tuberculate megaspores (see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2419121" author="Hickey, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="309 - 321" refId="B3" refString="Hickey, RJ, 1986b. The early evolutionary and morphological diversity of Isoetes, with descriptions of two new Neotropical species. Systematic Botany 11 (2): 309 - 321, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2419121" title="The early evolutionary and morphological diversity of Isoetes, with descriptions of two new Neotropical species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2419121" volume="11" year="1986 b">Hickey 1986b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes dubsii (Dubs 829, Z / ZT), I. santacruzensis (Killeen et al. 7131, MO), I. pedersenii (Troels 8105, L) and I. panamensis (Balansa 3294, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331200" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) and laevigate, echinate or tuberculate microspores (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes andicola (Fuentes 13907, MO), I. boliviensis (Casas 6619, MO), I. herzogii (Ritter 2209, MO) and I. lechleri (Solomon 15517, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331203" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Besides habitat, the macrosculpture of at least one of the spore types, megaspore or microspore, helps to differentiate
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. santacruzensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. santacruzensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Andean
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<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes dubsii (Dubs 829, Z / ZT), I. santacruzensis (Killeen et al. 7131, MO), I. pedersenii (Troels 8105, L) and I. panamensis (Balansa 3294, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331200" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Type of Isoetes santacruzensis (image courtesy of the herbarium MO). Photographer: Mike Blomberg." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331202" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4">4</figureCitation>
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). Additionally,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. santacruzensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. santacruzensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pedersenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. pedersenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its small and verrucate megaspores. However,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. santacruzensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. santacruzensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be readily distinguished by its erect and flexuous leaves (vs. ascending, linear and straight;
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Type of Isoetes pedersenii (image courtesy of the herbarium L). Photographer: Christel Schollaardt." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331204" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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), as well as by the characters present in the taxonomic key.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487973" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331202" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Type of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes santacruzensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(image courtesy of the herbarium MO). Photographer: Mike Blomberg.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487975" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331203" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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SEM images of the mega- and microspores of
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<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes andicola" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes andicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Fuentes 13907</emphasis>
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, MO),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. boliviensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. boliviensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Casas 6619</emphasis>
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, MO),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. herzogii" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="herzogii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. herzogii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ritter 2209</emphasis>
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, MO) and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. lechleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="lechleri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. lechleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Solomon 15517</emphasis>
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, MO).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes santacruzensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known from a single locality. The expansion of agricultural activities and cattle farming in this area show that this species may be prone to the effects of human activities within a very short time. However, given its potential occurrence in other areas and the lack of current knowledge about its distribution range,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. santacruzensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. santacruzensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be assessed as data deficient (DD), according to IUCN criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487977" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331204" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Type of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes pedersenii" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes pedersenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(image courtesy of the herbarium L). Photographer: Christel Schollaardt.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |