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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3099cbb5-2a81-4b55-8401-69313f7a1532" ID-PMC="PMC6742673" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-131-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="18E94FF80CA35C42B45D1A53CD92065F" ID-PubMed="31565024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3406907" ModsDocID="1314-2003-131-57" checkinTime="1567745833710" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pereira, Jovani B. de S., Guimaraes, Jose Tasso F. &amp; Watanabe, Mauricio T. C." docDate="2019" docId="0CB9B8BCA03D58CAA7DB610008C588E0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 131: 57-67" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 131" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983" docTitle="Isoetes santacruzensis J. B. S. Pereira 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="18E94FF80CA35C42B45D1A53CD92065F" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="18E94FF80CA35C42B45D1A53CD92065F" masterDocTitle="Isoetes dubsii and Isoetes santacruzensis, two new species from lowland areas in South America" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668139485232" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Isoetes dubsii and Isoetes santacruzensis, two new species from lowland areas in South America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pereira, Jovani B. de S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guimaraes, Jose Tasso F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Watanabe, Mauricio T. C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>131</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>57</mods:start>
<mods:end>67</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-131-57</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">18E94FF80CA35C42B45D1A53CD92065F</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3406907</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159413383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0CB9B8BCA03D58CAA7DB610008C588E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0CB9B8BCA03D58CAA7DB610008C588E0" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName LSID="0CB9B8BC-A03D-58CA-A7DB-610008C588E0" authority="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis" status="sp. nov.">Isoetes santacruzensis J.B.S.Pereira</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes dubsii (Dubs 829, Z / ZT), I. santacruzensis (Killeen et al. 7131, MO), I. pedersenii (Troels 8105, L) and I. panamensis (Balansa 3294, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331200" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Type of Isoetes santacruzensis (image courtesy of the herbarium MO). Photographer: Mike Blomberg." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331202" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4">, 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes santacruzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by having flexuous, filiform leaves ranging from 0.4-0.8 mm wide at mid length and reaching up to 15 cm long, 15-30 leaves per individual, black or reddish-black sporangia, sclerified phyllopodia present, sparsely verrucate megaspores of 320-390
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(average of 350
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) in diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Nuflo de Chaves,
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-15.544445">15°32'40&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-61.99111">61°59'28&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 450 m a.s.l., 11 Nov 1994,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Killeen et al. 7131</emphasis>
(holotype: MO!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Plant aquatic partially submerged or ephemeral terrestrial in rocky granite outcrops. Roots conspicuous, dichotomous. Stems globose, 3-lobate, 0.8-1.2 cm wide. Leaves 6-15 cm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide at mid length, 15-30 per individual, filiform, flexuous, laxly ascending, apex attenuate; alae 0.3-3.5 cm long, extending from the base ca. 1/5 of total leaf length, hyaline or light brown, membranaceous, apex attenuate; subula olive green, trigonal. Labium present, persistent, cordate, 0.2-0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.6-0.9 mm. Ligule not observed in herbarium material. Velum rudimentary to&gt; 0.2 mm wide along the lateral edges of the sporangium. Sclerified phyllopodia present. Sporangium at the base of the leaf 2.5-3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.0-2.5 mm, oblong, black or reddish-black, concolorous. Megaspores 320-390
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter (average = 350
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">n</emphasis>
= 20), trilete, white, not lustrous; proximal and distal surfaces sparsely verrucate, macrosculpture 10-25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
19-31
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, slightly wider than high; laesurae 26-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
16-21
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, slightly higher than wide. Microspores 23-27
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long (average = 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">n</emphasis>
= 20), light brown, monolete, proximal surface smooth, distal surface sparsely echinate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution and Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes santacruzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from its type locality, where it grows as aquatic to ephemeral terrestrial in rocky granite outcrops, at elevations of about 450 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
The specific epithet refers to the type region, the Department of Santa Cruz in Bolivia (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map showing the type locations of Isoetes dubsii and I. santacruzensis." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331201" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Until now, six species of
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were known from Bolivia, although the presence of unpublished species has already been mentioned (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" author="Kessler, M" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="83 - 86" refId="B6" refString="Kessler, M, Smith, AR, 2018. Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoetaceae. Phytotaxa 344 (1): 83 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" title="Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoetaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" volume="344" year="2018">Kessler and Smith 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Most of the known Bolivian species are from Andean habitats (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" author="Kessler, M" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="83 - 86" refId="B6" refString="Kessler, M, Smith, AR, 2018. Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoetaceae. Phytotaxa 344 (1): 83 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" title="Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoetaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.1.12" volume="344" year="2018">Kessler and Smith 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and have rugulate, laevigate (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes andicola (Fuentes 13907, MO), I. boliviensis (Casas 6619, MO), I. herzogii (Ritter 2209, MO) and I. lechleri (Solomon 15517, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331203" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) or tuberculate megaspores (see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2419121" author="Hickey, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="309 - 321" refId="B3" refString="Hickey, RJ, 1986b. The early evolutionary and morphological diversity of Isoetes, with descriptions of two new Neotropical species. Systematic Botany 11 (2): 309 - 321, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2419121" title="The early evolutionary and morphological diversity of Isoetes, with descriptions of two new Neotropical species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2419121" volume="11" year="1986 b">Hickey 1986b</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes dubsii (Dubs 829, Z / ZT), I. santacruzensis (Killeen et al. 7131, MO), I. pedersenii (Troels 8105, L) and I. panamensis (Balansa 3294, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331200" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) and laevigate, echinate or tuberculate microspores (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes andicola (Fuentes 13907, MO), I. boliviensis (Casas 6619, MO), I. herzogii (Ritter 2209, MO) and I. lechleri (Solomon 15517, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331203" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Besides habitat, the macrosculpture of at least one of the spore types, megaspore or microspore, helps to differentiate
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. santacruzensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. santacruzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Andean
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the mega- and microspores of Isoetes dubsii (Dubs 829, Z / ZT), I. santacruzensis (Killeen et al. 7131, MO), I. pedersenii (Troels 8105, L) and I. panamensis (Balansa 3294, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331200" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Type of Isoetes santacruzensis (image courtesy of the herbarium MO). Photographer: Mike Blomberg." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331202" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4">4</figureCitation>
). Additionally,
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. santacruzensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. santacruzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pedersenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its small and verrucate megaspores. However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. santacruzensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. santacruzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished by its erect and flexuous leaves (vs. ascending, linear and straight;
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Type of Isoetes pedersenii (image courtesy of the herbarium L). Photographer: Christel Schollaardt." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331204" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), as well as by the characters present in the taxonomic key.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487973" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331202" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Type of
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes santacruzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(image courtesy of the herbarium MO). Photographer: Mike Blomberg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487975" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331203" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 5.</emphasis>
SEM images of the mega- and microspores of
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes andicola" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes andicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Fuentes 13907</emphasis>
, MO),
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. boliviensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. boliviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Casas 6619</emphasis>
, MO),
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. herzogii" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="herzogii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. herzogii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Ritter 2209</emphasis>
, MO) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. lechleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="lechleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. lechleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Solomon 15517</emphasis>
, MO).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. B. S. Pereira" authorityYear="2019" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes santacruzensis" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes santacruzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known from a single locality. The expansion of agricultural activities and cattle farming in this area show that this species may be prone to the effects of human activities within a very short time. However, given its potential occurrence in other areas and the lack of current knowledge about its distribution range,
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. santacruzensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="santacruzensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. santacruzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be assessed as data deficient (DD), according to IUCN criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3487977" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.131.36983.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/331204" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Type of
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Isoetaceae" genus="Isoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Isoetes pedersenii" order="Isoetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Isoetes pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(image courtesy of the herbarium L). Photographer: Christel Schollaardt.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>