918 lines
66 KiB
XML
918 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" ID-PMC="PMC4957028" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-66-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" ID-PubMed="27489494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="128816" ModsDocID="1314-2003-66-1" checkinTime="1468449185517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra & Vorontsova, Maria S." docDate="2016" docId="06EA2025C6D357598C0CD8AEB3AA14C7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 66: 1-142" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 66" docPubDate="2016-07-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" docTitle="Solanum madagascariense Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 99. 1852." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " African Non-Spiny " Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1668141734746" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>A revision of the " African Non-Spiny " Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 7 3 AB, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2016-07-13</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>66</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
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<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:url>
|
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</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-66-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">128816</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:06EA2025C6D357598C0CD8AEB3AA14C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/06EA2025C6D357598C0CD8AEB3AA14C7" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="06EA2025-C6D3-5759-8C0C-D8AEB3AA14C7" authority="Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 99. 1852." authorityName="Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 99. 1852." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">Solanum madagascariense Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 99. 1852.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Flowers of species in the ANS clade. A Solanum africanum Mill. (South Africa, Rebelo s. n. - no herbarium voucher) B Solanum imamense Dunal (Madagascar, Rakotavao 5128) C Solanum madagascariense Dunal (Madagascar, Vorontsova et al. 498) D Solanum sambiranense D'Arcy & Rakot. (Madagascar, Randrianasolo 580) E Solanum terminale Forssk. (Kenya, Vorontsova et al. 93) F Solanum truncicola Bitter (Madagascar, Antilahimena et al. 7846). Photo credits: A Tony Rebelo; B Charles Rakotavao; C, E Maria Vorontsova; D Richard Randrianasolo; E Patrice Antilahimena." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95573" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Solanum madagascariense Dunal. A Flowering branch B Berry showing thin pericarp through which seeds are visible (based on: A, Bosser 16852 B Homelle s. n.). Adapted from D'Arcy and Rakotozafy (1994) with permission of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95590" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">, 17</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitens" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">Solanum</pageBreakToken>
|
||
nitens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baker, J. Bot. 20: 220. 1882. Type. Madagascar. Fianarantsoa: "chiefly in Betsileo-land", received in K July 1880,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">R. Baron 145</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: K [K000414183]; isotypes: E [E00193275], P [P00348975]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1883" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum apocynifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apocynifolium">Solanum apocynifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baker, J. Linn. Soc. 20: 213. 1883. Type. Madagascar. "Central Madagascar", Oct 1882,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">R. Baron 1767</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: K [K000414194]; isotype E [E00193276]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">Solanum madagascariense</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 184. 1906. nom. illeg., non
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">Solanum madagascariense</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dunal, 1852. Type. Madagascar. Fianarantsoa: Ivohimanitra forest, Nov 1894,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C.I. Forsyth-Major 15</emphasis>
|
||
(lectotype, designated here: K [K000414184]; probable isolectotype: BM [BM000887181]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hutchinson & Dalziel" authorityYear="1931" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum clerodendroides" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clerodendroides">Solanum clerodendroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2: 206. 1931. Type. "Southern Nigeria, Eket District" [clearly incorrectly labelled], 1912-1913,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Mr. & Mrs. P.A. Talbot 3211</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: K [K000414057]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antalaha" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antalaha">Solanum antalaha</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 68. 1994. Type. Madagascar. Antsiranana: R.N-II, Ambohitsalonana, district Antalaha, 23 August 1950,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Reserves Naturelles Madagascar [Zaty] 2738</emphasis>
|
||
(lectotype, designated here: P [P00349362]; isolectotypes: P [P00346372], MO [MO-277611], MO [MO-277612]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marojejy" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marojejy">Solanum marojejy</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 107. 1994. Type. Madagascar. Antsiranana: Reserve Naturelle de Marojejy; E-facing slope the Manantenina River, N of Mandena,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-14.45">14°27'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="49.783333">49°47'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 230-550 m, 21 October 1989,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">J.S. Miller & A. Randrianasolo 4329</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: MO [MO-150888]; isotypes: AD [AD-99109143], K [K000212283], P [P00352676], PRE [n.v., fide
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Rakotozafy 1994], TAN [TAN000700], WAG [n.v., fide
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Rakotozafy 1994]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense subsp. var. var. nitens" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="madagascariense" subSpecies="var." variety="nitens">Solanum madagascariense Dunal var. nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baker)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Rakot., Fl. Madag., Fam. 176: 105. 1994. Type. Based on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitens" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitens">Solanum nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="Collector Unknown" country="Madagascar" location="Madagascar" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Madgascar. "In
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
",
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<collectorName>Collector Unknown</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: G-DC [G00144951])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Liana or small tree (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Gentry 11852</emphasis>
|
||
) to 8 m. Stems terete, flattened or faintly ridged, glabrous to sparsely puberulent with simple unicellular papillae ca. 0.05 mm long, or variously pubescent with a mixture of uniseriate dendritic or arachnoid trichomes to 0.5 mm long, glabrescent or the pubescence less dense with age; new growth glabrous or pubescent with dendritic or arachnoid trichomes like those of the stems; bark of older stems smooth or longitudinally ridged, reddish brown, brown, or yellowish brown, somewhat corky on stems> 1 cm in diameter. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate, evenly distributed along young branches. Leaves simple, (1.5) 3-9 (12) cm long, (1.2) 2-3 (4.5) cm wide, obovate to oblong, thick-chartaceous to thin-coriaceous, often shiny, concolorous to somewhat discolorous, glabrous, sometimes with dendritic trichomes on the midvein on both sides of the lamina; major veins 5-12 pairs, spreading at 60-90° to the midvein and forming loops, the finer venation usually faint or not visible; base cuneate to truncate, sometimes attenuate; margins entire, rarely lobed with a single lobe basally on each side, the lobes up to 8 mm long, rounded, with shallow sinuses; apex acute to acuminate, rarely obtuse and apiculate; petiole 0.4-2 cm long, canaliculate, usually glabrous, less often finely dendritic-pubescent, flexuous and sometimes twining around supports (e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Humbert 31597</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Miller & Randrianasolo 4339</emphasis>
|
||
). Inflorescences terminal at the apex of branches, (2.5)5-20(25) cm long, furcate or several times branched, with (8)15-45(100) flowers, glabrous or with variable dendritic pubescence paralleling that of the stems; peduncle 1.5-5 cm long; pedicels 0.4-1.1 cm long, apically dilated, always glabrous, when the rachis is pubescent a clear boundary line visible between the glabrous petiole and the pubescent rachis (a few trichomes occasionally found at the pedicel base), articulated 0-2 mm from base; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 1-4 mm apart, often appearing as apically dilated pegs. Buds globose or broadly ellipsoid, the corolla soon exserted from the calyx tube. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx tube 2-3 mm long, broadly cup-shaped or conical, the lobes up to 1 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at base, often irregular or almost absent, broadly deltate, rounded to cuspidate at the tips, glabrous or with sparse short simple trichomes; margin often thickened, with dense tufts of simple hairs at the tips. Corolla 1-2 cm in diameter, white to violet, stellate, lobed almost to base, the lobes 4-10 mm long 1.5-2.5 mm wide, narrowly deltate to linear, sometimes aristate with a puberulous appendage ca. 0.5 mm long arising from the adaxial surface of the lobe just below the apex, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to puberulous abaxially with dendritic trichomes that are longer at the lobe tips. Stamens equal; filament tube 0.5-1 mm; free portion of the filaments 1-2 mm; anthers 2.5-4 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, broadly ellipsoid, usually somewhat connivent, smooth or papillose abaxially, poricidal at the tips, the pores about the same diameter as the anther apices, clearly delineated and not lengthening with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 6-12 mm long, protruding 1.5-4 mm beyond the anthers, straight or curved, glabrous; stigma clavate to capitate, the surface smooth to minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, sometimes ellipsoid, 0.5-1.2 cm diameter, black or purplish black at maturity, the pericarp thin, collapsing on drying to reveal the outline of the seeds, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-1.2 cm long, 0.5-0.7 mm diameter
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">at</pageBreakToken>
|
||
base, pendent to spreading; fruiting calyx slightly accrescent, the lobes becoming woody with a light-coloured margin. Seeds 20-40(+) per berry, 1.5-4 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, ovoid reniform or somewhat flattened, golden-orange or reddish brown, the surface deeply pitted, the testal cells pentagonal or slightly sinuate in outline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980361" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95590" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dunal.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering branch
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
Berry showing thin pericarp through which seeds are visible (based on: A,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Bosser 16852</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Homelle s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
). Adapted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Rakotozafy (1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with permission of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||
National
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
(Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Distribution of Solanum madagascariense Dunal." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95591" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Endemic to Madagascar, throughout central and eastern parts of the island, with a few records from humid forests on the western part of the island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980363" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95591" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dunal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Humid and subhumid forests; sometimes found in disturbed vegetation by the roadside; 0-1500 m elevation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Madagascar. Antsiranana: vahimasina (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Humbert 18109</emphasis>
|
||
), vahimbingy (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">RN Madagascar 2738</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Miller & Randrianasolo 4563</emphasis>
|
||
), vahinazo
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">RN Madagascar 8388</emphasis>
|
||
), voajaboala (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Miller & Randrianasolo 4329</emphasis>
|
||
); Fianarantsoa: keranzy (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Anon. 4026</emphasis>
|
||
), vahimaitso (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Malcomer et al. 1581</emphasis>
|
||
), vahivahy (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Randriantafika 15</emphasis>
|
||
). No uses recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Biologie" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B56" refString="IUCN, 2014. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11., http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Least Concern (LC). EOO 551,384 km2 (LC), AOO 436 km2 (EN).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a common liana, and occurs in several different forest types, including in some protected areas. Its local rarity and patchiness of distribution, along with its range of morphological varability (see below) suggest further studies as to local abundance are necessary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a liana with prominent terminal inflorescences of 15-45 white to deep purple flowers (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Flowers of species in the ANS clade. A Solanum africanum Mill. (South Africa, Rebelo s. n. - no herbarium voucher) B Solanum imamense Dunal (Madagascar, Rakotavao 5128) C Solanum madagascariense Dunal (Madagascar, Vorontsova et al. 498) D Solanum sambiranense D'Arcy & Rakot. (Madagascar, Randrianasolo 580) E Solanum terminale Forssk. (Kenya, Vorontsova et al. 93) F Solanum truncicola Bitter (Madagascar, Antilahimena et al. 7846). Photo credits: A Tony Rebelo; B Charles Rakotavao; C, E Maria Vorontsova; D Richard Randrianasolo; E Patrice Antilahimena." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95573" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">1C</figureCitation>
|
||
), sturdy branches, and thick leaves. It occurs throughout
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Madagascar’s">Madagascar's</normalizedToken>
|
||
wet forests which are situated predominantly on the eastern coast, adjacent parts of the High Plateau, and northern parts of the island. It is the most common and variable species of endemic non-spiny
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar and possibly closely related to the rare and local species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum humblotii" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humblotii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum humblotii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its glabrous petioles (versus petioles with long simple trichomes 0.5-0.15 mm long);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum trichopetiolatum" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopetiolatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum trichopetiolatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has looser inflorescences with finer branches and fewer flowers, a greater tendency towards discolorous oblong leaves and is restricted to a narrow area of Antsiranana.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum humblotii" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humblotii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum humblotii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its large, many-branched inflorescence with many flowers;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum humblotii" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humblotii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum humblotii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an unbranched inflorescence with few flowers and is restricted to the northern part of Madagascar in Toamasina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as delimited here encompasses great range of variation. It is possible to isolate groups of specimens with small long narrow leaves, groups of specimens with wide coriaceous leaves and fewer veins, and groups of specimens with sparse inflorescences and hariy leaves, but intermedidates between all these forms are common. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1883" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum apocynifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apocynifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum apocynifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been used to describe individuals with tomentose stems and smaller leaves. Variation in indumentum is continuous with that observed in other populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and leaf size seems to be largely determined by ecological factors.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1883" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum apocynifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apocynifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum apocynifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was accepted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="416 - 506" refId="B5" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Solana Africana II. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 416 - 506" title="Solana Africana II." volume="54" year="1917">Bitter (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, tentatively accepted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Rakotozafy (1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with acknowledgement of continuous variation, and accepted at the level of variety by the late R.N. Lester (unpublished manuscript). Forms recognised as the two taxa are the extremes of a range of morphological variation and are here considered to be conspecific.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitens" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a smaller glabrous variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with shiny subcoriaceous leaves and a shrubby, densely branched growth form that grows in drier, more central areas of Madagascar. It was accepted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="416 - 506" refId="B5" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Solana Africana II. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 416 - 506" title="Solana Africana II." volume="54" year="1917">Bitter (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, reduced to a variety by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Rakotozafy (1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Lester (unpublished manuscript). We agree with Richard
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lester’s">Lester's</normalizedToken>
|
||
assessment and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitens" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is included in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an arid environment variant.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antalaha" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antalaha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum antalaha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a wet environment variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring further north, representing mature or shade dwelling individuals.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antalaha" order="Solanales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antalaha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Solanum antalaha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has glabrous leaves, petioles, stems, and corolla, and leaves with fewer veins; it was described as having larger anthers
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">but</pageBreakToken>
|
||
these are less than 3.8 mm long on the type specimen, within the variation range of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.5-4 mm long).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marojejy" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marojejy">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum marojejy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as a Marojejy endemic with dorsally papillose anther surfaces and glabrous petioles; both of these features, however, are commonly observed in populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other localities.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marojejy" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marojejy">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum marojejy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here considered to be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hutchinson & Dalziel" authorityYear="1931" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum clerodendroides" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clerodendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum clerodendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
almost certainly incorrectly labelled as collected in Nigeria (fide H. Heine 1967, in sched.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Unusually large papillae seen on the abaxial anther surface of some collections have been postulated to restrict access to pollen or provide support or orientation cues for pollinating bees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="29 - 45" publicationUrl="10.2307/2399807" refId="B24" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1992. Solanaceae of Madagascar: form and geography. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden 79: 29 - 45, DOI: 10.2307/2399807" title="Solanaceae of Madagascar: form and geography." url="10.2307/2399807" volume="79" year="1992">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Only three specimens with lobed leaves have been seen, but lobed leaves may be more common in juvenile plants as is true in the Dulcamaroid clade (Knapp 2103). An unusual specimen at P from a cultivated plant in the garden at Antananarivo (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">s. coll. 2174</emphasis>
|
||
, P04063654) is from a plant with inflorescences on many short branches and only 2-3 flowers per inflorescence and somewhat resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum humblotii" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humblotii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum humblotii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but morphologically conforms to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in terms of floral form, calyx size and leaf morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
We have chosen
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Forsyth-Major 15</emphasis>
|
||
[K000414184] as the lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dammer (nom. illeg., a later homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dunal) as it is the only unambiguous duplicate of the type collection number we have found. It is probable that the sheet at BM labelled
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Forsyth-Major 55</emphasis>
|
||
[BM000887181] is another duplicate (and thus an isolectotype), curatorial annotation on the BM sheet suggests 55 may be an error for 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The protologue of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. G. D' Arcy & A. Rakotozafy" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum antalaha" order="Solanales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antalaha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solanum antalaha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cites a holotype at P; of the two duplicates of the type collection P00349362 has been selected as the lectotype because it annotated as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“holotype”">"holotype"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in W.G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy’s">D'Arcy's</normalizedToken>
|
||
handwriting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Manjakandriana, Mandraka,
|
||
<date value="1906-08">Aug 1906</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alleizette">D'Alleizette</normalizedToken>
|
||
988
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Tampoketsa de Ankazobe,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="km" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5-12 km</quantity>
|
||
E of highway
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="km" value="31.0">31 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Ankazobe,
|
||
<date value="1974-05-19">19 May 1974</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gentry 11852</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY); Antananarivo-Nord, la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Est">l'Est</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambakolaona">d'Ambakolaona</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1912-11-11">11 Nov 1912</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Humbert & Viguier 1265</emphasis>
|
||
(P); mont Kalambatitra et ses abords,
|
||
<date value="1933-11">Nov 1933</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Humbert 11901</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); foret
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankilahila">d'Ankilahila</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 16.2 km SE de Tsinjoarivo, le long de la riviere
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andrindrimbola">d'Andrindrimbola</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1999-01-21">21 Jan 1999</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Messmer & Andriatsiferana 744</emphasis>
|
||
(G, K); Andramasina, Ambohimiadana, Kelilanina, Antsararoloha,
|
||
<date value="2009-12-15">15 Dec 2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Rakotonasolo et al. RNF-1535</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andranomay">d'Andranomay</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Est">l'Est</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andranomay">d'Andranomay</normalizedToken>
|
||
et
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
au SE
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankazobe">d'Ankazobe</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1996-12-20">20 Dec 1996</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Randrianaivo 47</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, MO); Ambohitantely RS,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
|
||
au Nord Est
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankazobe">d'Ankazobe</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Est">l'Est</normalizedToken>
|
||
des Batiments de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Angap">l'Angap</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1997-01-14">14 Jan 1997</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Randrianaivo et al. 59</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY, TAN).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana">Antsiranana</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Ampasindava,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Betsitsika,
|
||
<date value="2008-12-12">12 Dec 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ammann et al.193</emphasis>
|
||
(G); Anamalaho, massif de Makirovana, au Nord-Ouest de Sambava,
|
||
<date value="2007-08-22">22 Aug 2007</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Andriamihajarivo et al. 1256</emphasis>
|
||
(TAN); Tsaratanana Massif, along path from Mangindrano to Mahatsabory Mica,
|
||
<date value="2001-10-19">19 Oct 2001</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Birkinshaw et al. 978</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY, P, TAN); montagnes entre le haut Sambirano et le haut Maivarano (entre Mangindrano et Ampanompia),
|
||
<date value="1937-11">Nov 1937</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Humbert 18109</emphasis>
|
||
(P); environs
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andapa">d'Andapa</normalizedToken>
|
||
, bassin de la Lokoho, 1948,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Humbert & Capuron 21939</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Reserve Speciale Manon
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">garivo</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, E of Ankaramy, Bekolosy,
|
||
<date value="1992-12-07">7 Dec 1992</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Malcomber et al. 1998</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, G, K, MO x2, NY, P); Reserve Naturelle Marojejy, along the trail to the summit of Marojejy Est, NW of Mandena between the first and second camps,
|
||
<date value="1988-10-06">6 Oct 1988</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Miller et al. 3413</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO x2, P, TAN); commune rurale de Daraina,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Binara,
|
||
<date value="2005-11-20">20 Nov 2005</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Nusbaumer & Ranirison 1637</emphasis>
|
||
(G,K); commune rurale de Bealampona, village de Mandritsarahely, Sud-Ouest
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andapa">d'Andapa</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1994-10-18">18 Oct 1994</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ravelonarivo et al. 418</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY, P); Ambilobe, Beramanja,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="fôret">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Salabenono, sur la chaine Galoko,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
au sud-est
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anketrabe">d'Anketrabe</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2006-11-25">25 Nov 2006</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Razafitsalama & Torze 1145</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, TAN); Marotolana, Ampanompy,
|
||
<date value="2001-04-05">5 Apr 2001</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Razakamalaka et al. 104</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, TAN); canton de Manaka est, district
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Antalaha">d'Antalaha</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. nat. 3,
|
||
<date value="1952-11-09">9 Nov 1952</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserves">Reserves</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelles Madagascar 4480
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Marozato, district
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambanja">d'Ambanja</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. 4,
|
||
<date value="1952-11-18">18 Nov 1952</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserves">Reserves</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelles Madagascar 4499
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P, TAN); Sambava, Marojejy National Park, path down from camp 3 (camp Simpona) to camp 2 (camp Marojejia),
|
||
<date value="2011-10-17">17 Oct 2011</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Vorontsova et al. 498</emphasis>
|
||
(K, TAN); Cap Masoala Grand Parc, haut
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vallée">vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anaovanandrano">d'Anaovanandrano</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2003-09-26">26 Sep 2003</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Wohlhauser et al. 648</emphasis>
|
||
(G).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Fianarantsoa rural,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambondrombe">d'Ambondrombe</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Anonymous 4026</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Betanatana Forest Reserve, Fargangana, Ankarana, Manobo,
|
||
<date value="2008-08-28">28 Aug 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bussmann et al. 15257</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, TAN);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
basse au PK 298 (Sud Ambositra),
|
||
<date value="1974-12-12">12 Dec 1974</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cremers 3635</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); Vondrozo, province de Farangana, bord de route en
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1926-09-09">9 Sep 1926</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Decary 5235</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Ambositra, Ambohimitombo,
|
||
<date value="1894-12-21">21 Dec 1894</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Forsyth-Major 325</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Bassin de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Itomampy">l'Itomampy</normalizedToken>
|
||
, mont Papanga
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="prés">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Befotaka,
|
||
<date value="1928-12">Dec 1928</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Humbert 6912</emphasis>
|
||
(P); massif de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Ivakoany">l'Ivakoany</normalizedToken>
|
||
, pentes orientales du massif, 1933,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Humbert 12240</emphasis>
|
||
(P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
ombrophile
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambatofitorahana">d'Ambatofitorahana</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1960-03-02">2 Mar 1960</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Keraudren 229</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Parc National Ranomafana, Parcelle I, south of Ambohimiera, valley of Sakavolo river,
|
||
<date value="1992-09-15">15 Sep 1992</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Malcomber et al. 1581</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, G, K, MO x2, NY, P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Manombo, parcelle
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" unit="km" value="2.37">2, 37 km</quantity>
|
||
au SW de Farafangana,
|
||
<date value="1995-08-21">21 Aug 1995</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Messmer & Rakotomalaza 46</emphasis>
|
||
(TAN); Reserve Naturelle Integrale
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andringitra">d'Andringitra</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Ambalavao, near abandoned meteorological station above Ambalamarina,
|
||
<date value="1987-01-12">12 Jan 1987</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Nicoll 236</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, TAN); limite nord de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ivohibe">d'Ivohibe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7.5 km ENE
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ivohibe">d'Ivohibe</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1997-10-11">11 Oct 1997</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rakotomalaza et al. 1398</emphasis>
|
||
(G, MO, NY); Ambositra, Ambalamanakana,
|
||
<date value="2005-01-28">28 Jan 2005</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ralimanana et al. 449</emphasis>
|
||
(K);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
dense humide de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Est">l'Est</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andranobetokana">d'Andranobetokana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Ampasimadinika, Marofototra, Mananjary,
|
||
<date value="1999-01-16">16 Jan 1999</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Randriantafika et al. 15</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
Ouest
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andrambovato">d'Andrambovato</normalizedToken>
|
||
, bord de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="rivière">riviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
Tatamaly, haut versant, Fivondronana Tolongoina.,
|
||
<date value="2000-10-19">19 Oct 2000</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Randriantafika 176</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY, P); Ambalavao,
|
||
<date value="1958-01-23">23 Jan 1958</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserves">Reserves</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelles Madagascar 9981
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P);
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Ranomafana, S of the Namorona River at Duke University Primate Center study site and along road N of river, eastern domain,
|
||
<date value="1987-10-28">28 Oct 1987</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Schatz et al. 1713</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, K, MO, P); Ambalamanakana,
|
||
<date value="1959-12-18">18 Dec 1959</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Schlieben 8197</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, BR, G, TAN).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: ruisseau Ambatoharanana, Andranomena, Matsoandakana,
|
||
<date value="2008-02-14">14 Feb 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bernard et al. 813</emphasis>
|
||
(TAN); Tsitondroina,
|
||
<date value="1941-04-16">16 Apr 1941</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Herb Jard Bot Tananarive 4812</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Tsaravilona, Amparihy, Androva, suivant une ligne de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="crête">crete</normalizedToken>
|
||
vers le nord est,
|
||
<date value="2008-02-26">26 Feb 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ravelonarivo et al. 3042</emphasis>
|
||
(K); Bealanana, Mangindrano, Ambohimirahavavy, Antsahivo, point
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="côté">cote</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2005-10-20">20 Oct 2005</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Wohlhauser et al. 786</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Parc National de Zahamena, Fivondronana, Antanandava, Antenina,
|
||
<date value="2002-01-31">31 Jan 2002</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="start">Andrianjafy</pageBreakToken>
|
||
et al. 273
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY, P); Aloatra-Mangoro, Ambatondrazaka, Didy, Antsevabe, Sahananto,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rivière">Riviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Sahananto,
|
||
<date value="2005-12-12">12 Dec 2005</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Andrianjafy et al. 1535</emphasis>
|
||
(TAN); Ambanizana, Maroantsetra, Anjahana, Ambanizana,
|
||
<date value="2002-09-16">16 Sep 2002</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Antilahimena 1405</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Analalava">d'Analalava</normalizedToken>
|
||
, sous-prefecture Tamatave II, Morarano,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
du SO de Foulpointe,
|
||
<date value="2005-03-10">10 Mar 2005</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Birkinshaw et al. 1442</emphasis>
|
||
(TAN); Ambatondrazaka,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cours, G. 1058</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Moramanga,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Perinet
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Est">l'Est</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Perinet vers Tamatave,
|
||
<date value="1971-02-28">28 Feb 1971</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cremers 1481</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">3</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Ambodimanga
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
Tamatave,
|
||
<date value="1957-10-11">11 Oct 1957</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Herbier de la Station Agricole de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Alaotra">l'Alaotra</normalizedToken>
|
||
2807
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Onibe, massif de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Andragovalo">l'Andragovalo</normalizedToken>
|
||
au Sud-Est du lac Alaotra,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Nat. 3 dite de Zekamena, bassin de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Onibe">l'Onibe</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1937-10">Oct 1937</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Humbert 17746</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, P); Maroantsetra, massif de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Anjanaharibe">l'Anjanaharibe</normalizedToken>
|
||
(pentes et sommet Nord)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Ouest">l'Ouest</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andapa">d'Andapa</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1951,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Humbert & Cours 24533</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Betampona
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rèserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelle
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Intègrale">Integrale</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of Toamasina,
|
||
<date value="1993-09-27">27 Sep 1993</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Lewis & Razafimandimbison 639</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Mantady, road to N (Tamatave),
|
||
<date value="1993-10-29">29 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Nek et al. 2021</emphasis>
|
||
(BR, TAN); Ikongo, Ranomafana,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Fianarantsoa on Mananjary road, across R. Namorona from Ambatolahy,
|
||
<date value="1986-11-04">4 Nov 1986</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Nicoll 139</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO x3, P, TAN); bois des environs de la baie
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Antongil">d'Antongil</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1912,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Perrier de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bâthie">Bathie</normalizedToken>
|
||
8686
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Vatomandry, Ambalabe, Ambinanindrano II, hameau villageois
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tobin’i">Tobin'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
Foara, le long du sentier Nord,
|
||
<date value="2005-10-04">4 Oct 2005</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ranaivojaona et al. 1185</emphasis>
|
||
(MO,P); canton de Varaina Manatsambaliny est, district
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambatondrazaka">d'Ambatondrazaka</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="1948-11-13">13 Nov 1948</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserves">Reserves</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturelles Madagascar 1598
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Parc National de Masoala, excursion
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andranobe">d'Andranobe</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bedinta, entre Ambatoavo et Bedinda,
|
||
<date value="2001-11">Nov 2001</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sauquet et al. 86</emphasis>
|
||
(P); Ankirindro Massif, slopes above the village Ambodivato, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of Ambinanitelo along the Vohimaro River,
|
||
<date value="2002-11-20">20 Nov 2002</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Schatz & Antilahimena 4018</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY); Vohibinany, Anivoranokely, Ambidimanga,
|
||
<date value="1954-09-21">21 Sep 1954</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Vigreux 15491</emphasis>
|
||
(P).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Toliara">Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Betroka, Ivahona,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spécial">Special</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Kalambatritra.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Analamaro">d'Analamaro</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2005-11-05">5 Nov 2005</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Andrianjafy et al. 497</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Morondava, Bara, 1880,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cowan s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(BR,P); col de Tsitongabarika,
|
||
<date value="1932-11-16">16 Nov 1932</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Decary 11017</emphasis>
|
||
(P); bassin de la Manampanihy, Col de Fitana,
|
||
<date value="1928-10-15">15 Oct 1928</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Humbert 6050</emphasis>
|
||
(P); massif du Beampingaratra,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vallée">vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la Maloto, 1928,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Humbert 6302</emphasis>
|
||
(NY, P); N of Taolagnaro town; along Andranoroa River, border of Marosoy Forest and Andohahela Reserve,
|
||
<date value="1989-12-02">2 Dec 1989</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">McPherson 14591</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |