155 lines
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155 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6840226" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0c4a9a9-e329-4d43-9472-ed77cf56ba95" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6840226" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1657558513838" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="064D0660FF99ED64FA68FEF1F69BFC26" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Sciuridae_0648.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Tamias alpinus Merriam 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="792" masterDocId="FA747E18FFCDED30FFAAFFF7FF95F71E" masterDocTitle="Sciuridae" masterLastPageNumber="837" masterPageNumber="648" pageNumber="792" updateTime="1657894136362" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sciuridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>648</mods:start>
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<mods:end>837</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6840226</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">d0c4a9a9-e329-4d43-9472-ed77cf56ba95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-941892-3-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6840226</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6818946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6818946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:064D0660FF99ED64FA68FEF1F69BFC26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/064D0660FF99ED64FA68FEF1F69BFC26" lastPageNumber="792" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<heading pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<subSubSection box="[1474,1553,262,312]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1469,2497,262,357]" box="[1474,1553,262,312]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<figureCitation box="[1474,1553,262,312]" captionStart="Plate 53: Sciuridae" captionStartId="81.[107,137,3290,3311]" captionTargetBox="[11,2728,12,3642]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="177. Siskiyou Chipmunk (Tamias siskiyou), 178. Cliff Chipmunk (Tamias dorsalis), 179. Sonoma Chipmunk (Tamias sonomae), 180. Yellow-cheeked Chipmunk (Tamias ochrogenys), 181. Long-eared Chipmunk (Tamias quadrimaculatus), 182. Lodgepole Chipmunk (Tamias speciosus), 183. Panamint Chipmunk (Tamias panamintinus), 184. Hopi Chipmunk (Tamas rufus), 185. Colorado Chipmunk (Tamas quadrivitiatus), 186. Merriam’s Chipmunk (Tamias merriami), 187. Alpine Chipmunk (Tamias alpinus), 188. Palmer’s Chipmunk (Tamias palmeri), 189. California Chipmunk (Tamas obscurus), 190. Gray-collared Chipmunk (Tamas cinereicollis), 191. Gray-footed Chipmunk (Tamias canipes), 192. Durango Chipmunk 7 (Tamias durangae), 193. Buller’s Chipmunk (Tamias bulleri), 194. Eastern Chipmunk (Tamas striatus), 195. White-tailed Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus), 196. Nelson's Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni), 197. Harris’s Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus harrisii), 198. Texas Antelope Squirrel (Ammospermophilus interpres)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6840415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6840415/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">187.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1568,1948,262,312]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1469,2497,262,357]" box="[1568,1948,262,312]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<vernacularName box="[1568,1948,262,312]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Alpine Chipmunk</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2024,2295,262,312]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1469,2497,262,357]" box="[2024,2295,262,312]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1893" box="[2024,2295,262,312]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Tamias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="84" pageNumber="792" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
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<emphasis box="[2024,2295,262,312]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Tamias alpinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1470,2495,330,351]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1469,2497,262,357]" box="[1470,2495,330,351]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1470,1546,330,351]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1550,1750,330,351]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Tamia de montagne</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1770,1861,330,351]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1870,2179,330,351]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Sierra-Nevada-Backenhornchen</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2201,2292,330,351]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2300,2495,330,351]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Ardilla listada alpina</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[2081,2671,406,431]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[2080,2672,406,824]" box="[2081,2671,406,431]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2081,2236,406,431]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Merriam, 1893" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1893" box="[2252,2667,406,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Tamias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="84" pageNumber="792" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">Tamias alpinus Merriam, 1893</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[2080,2672,406,824]" box="[2082,2671,445,470]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">“Big Cottonwood Meadows,...just south</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="84.[2080,2672,406,824]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">of Mount Whitney, altitude 3,050 meters or 10,000 feet,” Tulare County, California, USA.</paragraph>
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</materialsCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2081,2442,594,627]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[2080,2672,406,824]" box="[2081,2442,594,627]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="distribution">
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<caption inLine="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="792" targetBox="[2314,2318,2847,2872]" targetPageId="84">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[2080,2672,406,824]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2081,2256,634,667]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Higher elevations of the Sierra Nevada in SC California, from Tuolumne to Tulare counties (USA).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[2080,2672,406,824]" lastBlockId="84.[1463,2672,834,2872]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2080,2356,752,785]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body mean 104-6 mm (males) and 106-4 mm (females), tail mean 69-5 mm (males) and 75-5 mm (females); weight mean 35-8 g. Pelage of the Alpine Chipmunk is pale, with four whitish stripes on dorsum and an orangish venter. Lateral stripes are wide and white, but sometimes pale. The Alpine Chipmunk is smaller than almost all sympatric (or parapatric) species, such as the Yellow-pine Chipmunk (7. amoenus), the Colorado Chipmunk (7. quadrimaculatus), the Shadow Chipmunk (7. senex), the Lodgepole Chipmunk (7. speciosus), and the Uinta Chipmunk (7. wmbrinus). The only exception is the Least Chipmunk (7. minimus). The Alpine Chipmunk can be distinguished from the Least Chipmunk by its shorter tail, larger ears, and skull. Chromosome complement of the Alpine Chipmunk is 2n = 38, FN = 48. Karyotypeis type B for Tamias and consists offive pairs of metacentric autosomes, six pairs of submetacentric autosomes, seven pairs of acrocentric autosomes, a submetacentric X chromosome, and an acrocentric Y chromosome.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1463,2672,834,2872]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1466,1577,1303,1336]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Elevations of ¢.2300-3900 m, primarily in alpine biotic zone but also Hudsonian and Canadian biotic zones. The Alpine Chipmunk is a highly insular species, whose prevalence and occurrence probably depends on the physical structure ofits habitat, which consists primarily of meadows, talus slopes, boulderfields, open stands of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta, Pinaceae), and small patches of whitebark pine (P. albicaulis). Habitat is generally xeric, as it is exposed to full sun, but maximum daily temperatures do not exceed 20°C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1463,2672,834,2872]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1466,1724,1578,1611]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet of the Alpine Chipmunk consists heavily of small seeds of sedges, grasses, and forbs, with a small amount of pine seeds. Most information on its diet is based on cheek-pouch contents, which can contain up to ¢.5000 seeds, in extreme cases. [tis assumed that the Alpine Chipmunk is a larderhoarder,like other chipmunk species; however, early natural-history observations also suggest scatterhoarding behavior. It is a predator of avian eggs and nestlings, and has been suggested to have limited the breeding distribution of the Asian rosy-finch (Leucosticte arctoa).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1463,2672,834,2872]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1465,1599,1854,1887]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Breeding occurs in early summer, with young becoming active by late July to early August, and reaching adult size by October.Litter size appears to be 4-5 young.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1463,2672,834,2872]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1463,1697,1933,1966]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Alpine Chipmunk is diurnal, and spends a considerable amount of time in rocky areas, which may allow a quick and efficient escape from predators. It is reported to enter hibernacula in late October and emerge in June, when its habitat is still covered in snow. This early emergence allows time for territorial establishment and subsequent foraging during the short growing season in its habitat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1463,2672,834,2872]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1464,2185,2130,2163]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Distribution of the Alpine Chipmunk overlaps with those of five other Tamas species, but only the Lodgepole Chipmunk is fully sympatric with the Alpine Chipmunk. It is territorial, and performs variable aggressive displays toward conspecifics, including vertical tail displays and vocalizations described as high-pitched calls, lower-pitched “chucks” and “chips.” Distribution of the Alpine Chipmunk is limited at lower elevations by territorial exclusion by the larger Lodgepole Chipmunk, which is reported to be more aggressive, more successful in territorial disputes in the wild, and more efficient at foraging in dense vegetation where the two species are sympatric. However, the Alpine Chipmunk in captivity appears more aggressive and dominant over the Lodgepole Chipmunk, which suggests that the outcome of aggressive encounters in the wild is partially influenced by habitat structure.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1463,2672,834,2872]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1463,1809,2602,2635]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Alpine Chipmunk can be locally common in some areas but population levels vary. Current population trend is stable. There are no major threats to the Alpine Chipmunk; however, it is restricted to a small area of highlands, which could make it vulnerable to habitat loss and climate change.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="792" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="84.[1463,2672,834,2872]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1464,1616,2808,2833]" pageId="84" pageNumber="792">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Clawson et al. (1994a), Davis et al. (2008), Hayssen (2008a, 2008b, 2008c¢), Linzey & Nature-Serve (Hammerson) (2008ai), Piaggio & Spicer (2000), Thorington et al. (2012).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |