treatments-xml/data/05/8A/A1/058AA1EC9CF48B4E918A292F7A8187D7.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.45.29350" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a5aafedc-78ae-46f6-8587-749d33153690" ID-PMC="PMC6351703" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-45-1" ID-PubMed="30700968" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1314-4049-45-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 45" ModsDocTitle="Two additional species of Gymnopus (Euagarics, Basidiomycotina)" checkinTime="1555333449155" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Petersen, Ronald H. &amp; Hughes, Karen W." docDate="2019" docId="058AA1EC9CF48B4E918A292F7A8187D7" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 45: 1-24" docOrigin="MycoKeys 45" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.45.29350" docTitle="Gymnopus neobrevipes R. H. Petersen, nom. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFF4A16BFFA9FFF2FFFFFFECFFC63F38" masterDocTitle="Two additional species of Gymnopus (Euagarics, Basidiomycotina)" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1668136132620" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two additional species of Gymnopus (Euagarics, Basidiomycotina)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Petersen, Ronald H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hughes, Karen W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>45</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.45.29350</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.45.29350</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-45-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156202136" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:058AA1EC9CF48B4E918A292F7A8187D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/058AA1EC9CF48B4E918A292F7A8187D7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
1. 
<taxonomicName LSID="Index Fungorum no. 555346" authority="R. H. Petersen" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnopus neobrevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">Gymnopus neobrevipes R.H. Petersen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="2">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marasmius brevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="brevipes">Marasmius brevipes</taxonomicName>
Berk. &amp; Ravenel in Berkeley &amp; Curtis. 1853. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 2 12: 426.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromphale brevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="brevipes">Micromphale brevipes</taxonomicName>
(Berk. &amp; Ravenel) Singer in 
<bibRefCitation author="Dennis, RWG" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="31 - 45" title="Some pleurotoid fungi from the West Indies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117153" volume="8" year="1953">Dennis. 1953</bibRefCitation>
. Kew Bull. 8(1): 42
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
[NOT 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Agaricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agaricus brevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="brevipes">Agaricus brevipes</taxonomicName>
Bulliard. 1791. Herbier Fr. (Paris) 11: tab. 521 (with legend); ≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnopus brevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="brevipes">Gymnopus brevipes</taxonomicName>
(Bull.) Gray. 1821. Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 609, pre-occupied homonym] (See Index Fungorum for additional combinations of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bulliard’s">Bulliard's</normalizedToken>
epithet)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
≠ 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnopus westii" order="Agaricales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="westii">Gymnopus westii</taxonomicName>
(Murrill) 
<bibRefCitation author="Cesar, E" journalOrPublisher="Mycokeys" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="21 - 34" title="A new Gymnopus species with rhizomorphs and its record as nesting material by birds (Tyrannideae) in the subtropical cloud forest from eastern Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.42.28894" volume="42" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="César">Cesar</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
Mycokeys 42: 31. (Basionym: 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marasmius westii" order="Agaricales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="westii">Marasmius westii</taxonomicName>
Murrill. Proc. Florida Acad. Sci. 7:110. 1945.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
United States, South Carolina, Santee Canal, June, Ravenel no. 1527, on dead twigs of oak (K). Type studies: 
<bibRefCitation author="Dennis, RWG" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="31 - 45" title="Some pleurotoid fungi from the West Indies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117153" volume="8" year="1953">Dennis 1953</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="PhD Theis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" title="The genus Marasmius from the southern Appalachian Mountains." url="https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2513/" year="1989">Desjardin 1989</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="76 - 84" title="Studies on Marasmius from eastern North America. III. Marasmiusbrevipes and Micromphalesect. Rhizomorphigena." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1989.12025628" volume="81" year="1989">Desjardin and Petersen 1989</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="epitype">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Epitype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(IF no. 555711) Mississippi, George Co., Pascagoula Wildlife Management Area, vic. Boat Ramp off Rte. 26, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.896482">30°53.789'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-88.74747">88°44.848'W</geoCoordinate>
, 12.VII.2014, coll. KWH, TFB 14505 (TENN-F-069197). GenBank: MH673477-8.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">1) Long, hair-like rhizomorphs usually common to dominant; 2) basidiomata small (pileus usually &lt;10 mm broad), arising from woody substrates or as branches of rhizomorphs; 3) clamp connections ubiquitous; 4) stipe short (&lt;5 mm long), often strongly curved; 5) stipe medullary hyphae coherent; 6) pileipellis elements usually semi-gelatinised; 7) south-eastern United States.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Basidiomata (Fig. 3) small with very short stipe, sometimes appearing resupinate or pseudostipitate (but not so), arising directly from substrate twig usually in fissures in thin bark or as side branches of extensive, black, interwoven rhizomorphs which often occur without associated basidiomata. Pileus 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–6(–">-6(-</normalizedToken>
9) mm broad, at first convex to conchate, usually becoming plano-convex or applanate by maturity, often folding closed like a clam-shell upon drying, matt, often strongly sulcate-striate almost to centre, irregularly corrugate or tuberculate, very thin but pliable; disc &quot;burnt umber&quot; (7E7) to &quot;wood brown&quot; (7C4); limb near 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pinkish-cinnamon”">&quot;pinkish-cinnamon&quot;</normalizedToken>
(7B5), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“avellaneous”">&quot;avellaneous&quot;</normalizedToken>
(7B3), &quot;wood brown&quot; (7C4), &quot;fawn colour,&quot; sometimes brown (7E5-7) to dark brown (7F5) to light brown (6D-E5-6) or brownish-orange (6C4) overall or with pale striations; margin even when young, wavy in age, not striate, sometimes pale to &quot;tilleul buff&quot; (7B2); pileus flesh thin, tough, pliable. Lamellae adnate, distant to very distant, shallow, fold-like to sublamelloid, thickish, occasionally weakly anastomosing, &quot;tilleul buff&quot; (7B2), &quot;pale pinkish cinnamon&quot; (6A2), pale brown (7D4), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“avellaneous”">&quot;avellaneous&quot;</normalizedToken>
(7B3), &quot;vinaceous cinnamon&quot; (7B4), usually becoming brownish, &quot;sayal brown&quot; (6C5) upon drying and storage; short lamellulae common. Stipe 0.5-6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1.5 mm, more or less terete, usually equal, central, strongly ageotropic (more or less straight when occurring on upper surface of substrate, strongly curved when occurring on vertical surface, almost pseudostipitate when occurring on lower surface of substrate), glabrous to unpolished, &quot;fawn colour&quot; (7C5), &quot;army brown&quot; (8D5) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“fuscous”">&quot;fuscous&quot;</normalizedToken>
(6E4), &quot;burnt umber&quot; (7E7) to dark reddish-brown (8F6-8), black at base; insertion broad with minute, brown basal tuft, usually associated with small fissures in thin bark, rarely as a side branch of aerial rhizomorph; adventitious 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“stipes”">&quot;stipes&quot;</normalizedToken>
occasionally hypertrophic and then clavate to fusiform. Rhizomorphs (Figs 3, 4A, B) rarely absent, usually dominant, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–80(–">-80(-</normalizedToken>
450) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.6 mm, hair-like, matt to glabrous but not polished, black, tough, occasionally 
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">branched</pageBreakToken>
with spur branches, rarely anastomosed, but commonly braiding so as to appear thicker than individually, ranging from resupinate on woody substrate (black, adhering to substrate by minute fringe of brown hyphae) to producing ascending individuals (and then somewhat more slender than resupinate individuals), often 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">colonising</pageBreakToken>
suspended leaves and twigs to form a substrate net, occasionally producing basidiomata on side branches, often 3-4 in a file. Taste negligible or weakly alliaceous (reportedly weakly krauty); odour negligible.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figure 3. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus neobrevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">Gymnopus neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
. Habit view. TFB 14489 (TENN-F-069182). Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Figure 4. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus neobrevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">Gymnopus neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
. A Resupinate rhizomorphs on surface of twig B Long aerial rhizomorphs on twig C Spray of hyphae from cut end of rhizomorph; 24 h. Rhizomorph on left. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C). TFB 14607 (TENN-F-063931).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Habitat and phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Basidiomata on dead small branches of broad-leafed trees, in temperate forests often on fallen branches of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName genus="Rhododen" lsidName="Rhododen" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Rhododen</taxonomicName>
dron maximum in mixed forest including 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tsuga</taxonomicName>
, usually at or near ground level; sterile rhizomorphs decumbent on dead, small (usually 18-24 mm diam.) boughs. In tropical climates, (see 
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pegler 1983</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Pegler, DN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="501 - 585" title="A revision of the Agaricales of Cuba. I. Species described by Berkeley and Curtis." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4110064" volume="42" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Pegler, DN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="53 - 75" title="A revision of the Agaricales of Cuba. 3. Keys to families, genera and species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4118036" volume="43" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Dennis, RWG" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="31 - 45" title="Some pleurotoid fungi from the West Indies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117153" volume="8" year="1953">Dennis 1953</bibRefCitation>
, 1970) encountered year-round; in temperate forests mid-Summer to early Autumn. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus neobrevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">Gymnopus neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
sometimes 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">shares</pageBreakToken>
the same habitat as 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Anthracophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Anthracophyllum lateritium" order="Agaricales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lateritium">Anthracophyllum lateritium</taxonomicName>
(Berk. &amp; Curtis) Singer - dead 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhododendron maximum" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximum">Rhododendron maximum</taxonomicName>
boughs over streams.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="pileipellis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pileipellis</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
composed of four elements: 1) slender &quot;pileal hairs&quot; occasional, 2.5-4.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., hyaline, minutely decorated with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“flakes,”">&quot;flakes,&quot;</normalizedToken>
usually subcapitate; capitulum often decorated with minute needle-like crystals; 2) diverticulate hyphae (Figs 5A, 6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
) inflated -10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., thin-walled, beset with vermiform setulae, with parent hypha often subgelatinised but with setulae remaining; 3) non-orientated, repent hyphae (Fig. 6A) 3-6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., firm-walled, involved in some slime matrix, encrusted to varying degrees (from conspicuous stripes or rings with plate-like profile calluses, to flat profile calluses with only 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“shadow”">&quot;shadow&quot;</normalizedToken>
stripes or none at all); these hyphae (overnight in KOH) tend to gelatinise walls, apparently without clamp connections; and 4) more or less erect, modified broom structures, extremely rare and usually partially gelatinised, composed of a stalk (usually with flake-like scabs) and complex series of branchlets ending in the digitate diverticulate processes, often dichotomous, as in a Rameales-structure. Pileus trama (and lamellar trama) loosely interwoven; hyphae 3-18 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., firm- to thick-walled (wall -1.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, hyaline), occasionally but conspicuously clamped, encrusted with minute debris and embedded in thin slime matrix. Pleurocystidia (Figs 5B, 7) common, 18-24 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.6-7.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, fusiform to fusiform-mammilate, conspicuously clamped. Basidioles (Figs 5B, 8A) clavate, occasionally subcapitulate; basidia (Figs 5B, 8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
, 9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
) 24-27 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, clavate, 4-sterigmate, obscurely clamped; contents minutely multiguttulate when mature. Basidiospores (Figs 5C, 8E) (6.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)8–">-)8-</normalizedToken>
9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4(–">-4(-</normalizedToken>
4.5) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Q = 1.86-2.29; Qm = 2.08; Lm = 8.10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), ellipsoid to 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">plump-ellipsoid</pageBreakToken>
, flattened adaxially, smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid; contents vaguely univacuolate. Cheilocystidial structures (Figs 5D, 9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–I">D-I</normalizedToken>
) locally common to absent but apparently only close to lamellar edge, stalked or from basidiolar cells which grow 
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">out</pageBreakToken>
, often appearing as though arising deeper in lamellar trama than hymenium, lobed or subdiverticulate, 2.5-3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., thin-walled, hyaline, obscurely clamped. Stipe medullary hyphae 2-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., hyaline, thick-walled (wall -1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), strictly parallel, coherent, with scattered conspicuous clamp connections. Stipe cortical hyphae 3.5-7.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., pigmented olive-brown (PhC), subdextrinoid, thick-walled (wall -2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), smooth, rarely perhaps producing an ampulliform side branch with extended apex (two seen). Rhizomorph medullary hyphae 2-5.5(13) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., thin- to firm-walled, strictly parallel and perhaps embedded in slime to be coherent, with occasional lateral branches lobate to digitate, hyaline, conspicuously clamped. Rhizomorph cortical hyphae (surface) 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–5.5(–">-5.5(-</normalizedToken>
7.5) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., thick-walled (wall -0.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick to obscuring cell lumen, weakly pigmented olive tan - deep olive-brown in 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">mass</pageBreakToken>
; PhC), outer wall roughened with scabs of encrustation; profile calluses -0.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, somewhat darker than hyphal walls.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figure 5. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus neobrevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">Gymnopus neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
. Micromorphological structures. A Diverticulate hyphae of pileipellis B Pleurocystidium and basidia C Basidiospores D Cheilocystidia. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
TFB 9087 (TENN-F-054912) D DED 4367 (TENN-F-047662). Scale bar: 20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(A, B, D); 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figure 6. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus neobrevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">Gymnopus neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
. Pileipellis elements. A Encrusted hyphae with banded appearance 
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
Diverticulate hyphae of ramealis-structure. Scale bars: 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14607 (TENN-F-069310).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figure 7. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus neobrevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">Gymnopus neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
. Pleurocystidia. A-C, F, G showing subtending clamp connections. Note fusiform-submammilate shape. TFB 3704 (TENN-F-050692). Scale bars: 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figure 8. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus neobrevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">Gymnopus neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
. A. Basidiole. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
Basidia. E. Basidiospores. TFB 3704 (TENN-F-050692). Scale bars: 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
); 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figure 9. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus neobrevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">Gymnopus neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
. A Basidiole B, C Basidia D, E Basidiiform cheilocystidia 
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
Diverticulate cheilocystidia I Cluster of diverticulate cheilocystidia. DED 4367 (TENN-F-047662). Scale bars: 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Commentary.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Although collected by Ravenel, it was Curtis who conveyed the type specimen to Berkeley and Berkeley is the name-giver. The protologue (assumedly 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">written</pageBreakToken>
by Berkeley) is in 
<bibRefCitation author="Berkeley, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Progress" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03745485709495068" year="1853">Berkeley and Curtis 1853</bibRefCitation>
: 426. &quot;29. 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius brevipes" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="brevipes">Marasmius brevipes</taxonomicName>
, Berk. &amp; Rav. MSS. Pileo convexo estriato atro-sanguineo; stipitate brevi filiformi aterriimo nitida e mycelio repente similari enato; lamellis paucis adnatis rufis. Rav. No. 1527. On dead twigs of oak, June, Santee Canal, South Carolina, H.W. Ravenel, Esq.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">&quot;Pileus 1-2 line broad, convex, dark blood red; margin even; stem filiform, jet black, quite smooth, 1-2 line high, springing from creeping mycelial thread of the same nature with itself; gills ventricose, few, adnate, rufous.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
&quot;Allied to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. haematocephalus" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="haematocephalus">M. haematocephalus</taxonomicName>
, &amp;s, but distinguished at once by its short polished stem and dark gills. The colour of the pileus is nearly that of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. atrorubens" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="atrorubens">M. atrorubens</taxonomicName>
.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The pileipellis structure is similar to others described in sect. 
<taxonomicName genus="Androsacei" lsidName="Androsacei" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="section" section="Androsacei">Androsacei</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="76 - 84" title="Studies on Marasmius from eastern North America. III. Marasmiusbrevipes and Micromphalesect. Rhizomorphigena." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1989.12025628" volume="81" year="1989">Desjardin and Petersen (1989)</bibRefCitation>
described pileipellis as not gelatinised (the tissue is not so), but failed to describe the gelatinisation of individual hyphae. This gelatinisation is merely a minor gelatinous sheath of individual hyphae for the outline of hyphal wall is not altered. However, the flake-like encrustation is carried on the gel surface and is seen at some small distance from the hyphal wall outline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amongst basidia in a mount soaked in KOH overnight, structures are seen which can be interpreted as gelatinised cheilocystidia. In rare cases, the remnants of digitate branching can be seen, but usually nothing is left of the supporting cell but some ghost-like structure. In a mount of lamellar edge only briefly in KOH, an enormous amount of debris is detected surrounding hymenial structures. It appears to be some sort of degeneration, quite possibly partial gelatinisation, but including numerous rod-shaped bacteria. This may be another indication of gelatinisation of tissues, this time of old basidia and subhymenial hyphae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Subbasidial hyphae (subhymenium) become zig-zag in form as basidia are formed, evacuate and disappear. These hyphae are easily mistaken for some sort of cystidial structures, especially cheilocystidia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
A chronology of authoritative literature follows. Singer (in 
<bibRefCitation author="Dennis, RWG" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="31 - 45" title="Some pleurotoid fungi from the West Indies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117153" volume="8" year="1953">Dennis 1953</bibRefCitation>
) supplied a detailed description of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. neobrevipes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">G. neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Mi. brevipes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="brevipes">Mi. brevipes</taxonomicName>
) and 
<bibRefCitation author="Dennis, RWG" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="31 - 45" title="Some pleurotoid fungi from the West Indies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117153" volume="8" year="1953">Dennis (1953)</bibRefCitation>
examined type material and offered a rather uninformative illustration. Dennis (1970) offered a description of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. brevipes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="brevipes">M. brevipes</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Micromphale</taxonomicName>
), but perhaps as valuable is a diminutive aquarelle (Pl. 8, Fig. 4) which provides a good representation. Perhaps the best description of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. neobrevipes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">G. neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Mi. brevipes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="brevipes">Mi. brevipes</taxonomicName>
) was offered by 
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pegler (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and the description was based on more specimens than the type. 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="PhD Theis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" title="The genus Marasmius from the southern Appalachian Mountains." url="https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2513/" year="1989">Desjardin (1989</bibRefCitation>
: 447-449) examined the type of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. brevipes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="brevipes">M. brevipes</taxonomicName>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="76 - 84" title="Studies on Marasmius from eastern North America. III. Marasmiusbrevipes and Micromphalesect. Rhizomorphigena." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1989.12025628" volume="81" year="1989">Desjardin and Petersen (1989)</bibRefCitation>
published a species description based on numerous specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pileipellis structures, especially erect broom cell-like cells, are often gelatinised, especially in age. Likewise, cheilocystidia, while observed only occasionally, are often reduced to debris by gelatinisation or occasionally produce apical growths which can attain significant length. Lamellar tramal hyphae are often observed as thick-walled, but usually this is due to gelatinisation of the hyphal walls (inner wall boundary is clear, but outer wall boundary is obliterated and the gelatinised wall appears as though thick).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pegler (1983)</bibRefCitation>
included 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Mi. brevipes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="brevipes">Mi. brevipes</taxonomicName>
as the only representative of 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Micromphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micromphale" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Micromphale</taxonomicName>
in the Lesser Antilles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">Rhizomorphs</pageBreakToken>
of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. neobrevipes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">G. neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
are viable and short surface-sterilised sections (circum 1 cm) placed on malt extract agar produce sprays of mycelium from severed ends within 24 hrs. Within 72 h, the emergent mycelial sprays can be excised to establish an independent dikaryon culture which can be used for sequencing. In the case of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. neobrevipes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">G. neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
, not only are sprays of mycelium produced on the cut ends (Fig. 4C), but within 72 h, many lateral hyphae emerge from the rhizomorph surface, soon resembling brownish fur. In one case, rhizomorphs of an ambient air-dried specimen were stored for over a year, yet produced mycelium as noted. In another case, a collection was heat-dried, but over one month later, rhizomorphs remained viable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
In 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="76 - 84" title="Studies on Marasmius from eastern North America. III. Marasmiusbrevipes and Micromphalesect. Rhizomorphigena." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1989.12025628" volume="81" year="1989">Desjardin and Petersen (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, a comparison was made of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. brevipes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="brevipes">M. brevipes</taxonomicName>
Berkeley &amp; Ravenel, (1853; type, South Carolina, K) to 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius porphyreticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="porphyreticus">Marasmius porphyreticus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Petch, T" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the British Mycological Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="21 - 44" title="A revision of Ceylon Marasmii." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(47)80004-X" volume="31" year="1947">Petch (1947</bibRefCitation>
; 
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">type</pageBreakToken>
, Sri Lanka, K). They concluded that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. porphyreticus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="porphyreticus">M. porphyreticus</taxonomicName>
&quot;differs mainly in absence of cheilocystidia and in forming 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘plicatosulcate’">'plicatosulcate'</normalizedToken>
pilei.&quot; Other discriminating characters of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. porphyreticus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="porphyreticus">M. porphyreticus</taxonomicName>
: &quot;slightly thinner pileus context, more regularly forked lamellae, and basidiomata not arising directly from rhizomorphs.&quot; Significantly, presence or absence of clamp connections was not mentioned. Plicatosulcate pilei, forked lamellae and basidiomata arising from rhizomorphs are all found in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. neobrevipes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">G. neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
as well as other similar basidiomata. The comparison, despite a disparate geographic distribution, remains questionable, possibly pending phylogenetic data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Likewise, it may be necessary to compare 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. neobrevipes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">G. neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius tomentellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tomentellus">Marasmius tomentellus</taxonomicName>
Berk. &amp; M.A. Curtis. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“1868”">&quot;1868&quot;</normalizedToken>
(1869). J. Linnaean Soc. Bot. 10(no. 45): 298 [≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus tomentellus" order="Agaricales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tomentellus">Gymnopus tomentellus</taxonomicName>
(Berk. &amp; M.A. Curtis) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tkalčec">Tkalcec</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mešec">Mesec</normalizedToken>
. 2013 Mycotaxon 123: 428], a taxon not mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="76 - 84" title="Studies on Marasmius from eastern North America. III. Marasmiusbrevipes and Micromphalesect. Rhizomorphigena." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1989.12025628" volume="81" year="1989">Desjardin and Petersen (1989)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Berkeley and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curtis’s">Curtis's</normalizedToken>
protologue: &quot;Pileo convexo sulcato fulvo, stipite communi nigro albo-pubescente; stipitibus fertilibus brevibus pubescentibus; lamellis paucis pileo concoloribus. On dead wood. Pileus 1 line (~2 mm) across; fertile stems 2 lines (4-5 mm) high. Common on stems many inches long. Wright 22, Herb. Berk. This is a rhizomorphic species of 
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius" order="Helotiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Marasmius</taxonomicName>
.&quot; (Cuba, holotype K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<bibRefCitation author="Pegler, DN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="501 - 585" title="A revision of the Agaricales of Cuba. I. Species described by Berkeley and Curtis." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4110064" volume="42" year="1987">Pegler (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, with access to the type specimen of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. tomentellus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="tomentellus">M. tomentellus</taxonomicName>
, wrote: &quot;This is a rhizomorphic species of 
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius" order="Helotiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Marasmius</taxonomicName>
belonging to the section 
<taxonomicName genus="Androsacei" lsidName="Androsacei" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="section" section="Androsacei">Androsacei</taxonomicName>
Kuehner. The minute basidiomes, consisting of a pileus, 1-3 mm diam., with a short stipe, 1-4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–0–">-2-0-</normalizedToken>
4 mm, are borne on a common, slender rhizomorph, also about 0.2-0.4 mm diam. The stipe and rhizomorph surfaces are characterized by a white pubescence formed by numerous, short, thick-walled, hyaline hairs, 35-120 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. The pileipellis is formed of irregular, diverticulate, hyaline elements, 10-17 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Only one collapsed spore, measuring 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, could be found on the slide preparation taken from the type specimen. 
<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Singer (1976</bibRefCitation>
: 79) found spores on material from Louisiana, USA, which measured 11 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–11–">-11-</normalizedToken>
5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, oblong to cylindric, but this material was not part of the type. This tiny species was well illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Dennis, RWG" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the British Mycological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="411 - 482" title="Some Agaricaceae if Trinidad and Venezuela. Leucosporae. Part. I." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(51)80030-5" volume="34" year="1951">Dennis (1951)</bibRefCitation>
&quot; Presence or absence of clamp connections was not mentioned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<bibRefCitation author="Pegler, DN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="53 - 75" title="A revision of the Agaricales of Cuba. 3. Keys to families, genera and species." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4118036" volume="43" year="1988">Pegler (1988)</bibRefCitation>
did not take up 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. brevipes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="brevipes">M. brevipes</taxonomicName>
as part of the Cuban mycota, but did place 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. tomentellus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="tomentellus">M. tomentellus</taxonomicName>
in the key. From this and other literature in which the type specimen of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. tomentellus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="tomentellus">M. tomentellus</taxonomicName>
was examined, the following characters can be gleaned: &quot;Pileipellis with well-developed Rameales structure, not truly hymeniodermic; basidiome arising from a black rhizomorph; pileus 1-3 mm diam, fulvous; rhizomorph pubescent with thick-walled, hyaline hairs; spores 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, elongate lacrymoid (see B&amp;C 298; I: 573 (Sect. 
<taxonomicName genus="Androsacei" lsidName="Androsacei" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="section" section="Androsacei">Androsacei</taxonomicName>
).&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
From 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="PhD Theis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" title="The genus Marasmius from the southern Appalachian Mountains." url="https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2513/" year="1989">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Desjardin’s">Desjardin's</normalizedToken>
(1989)
</bibRefCitation>
examination of type material of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. tomentellus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="tomentellus">M. tomentellus</taxonomicName>
, the following can be extracted: coarse rhizomorphs with white pubescence; common short branches resembling disarticulated stipes. Only one pileus remains. Stipe and rhizomorph cortical tissue of repent hyphae -6.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, thick-walled (wall -1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), parallel, cylindric, incrusted with granulose or amorphous brown (pigment intraparietal as well as incrusting), dextrinoid; medullary hyphae 4-8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, subparallel, cylindric, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">smooth</pageBreakToken>
, hyaline, weakly dextrinoid, thin-walled, unclamped. Rhizomorph vesture of numerous, erect rhizocystidia, 45-120 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)8–">-)8-</normalizedToken>
12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, cylindric or lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, aseptate or with one or several secondary septa, apex of cell hyaline, base of cell hyaline, pale ochraceous or pale brown, weakly dextrinoid.&quot; This appears to be the only mention of clamp connections - absent - but confirms the tomentose surface of stipes and rhizomorphs. A thorough search for tomentosity on rhizomorphs and/or stipes of collections of G. 
<taxonomicName genus="Androsacei" lsidName="Androsacei neobrevipes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
failed to observe this.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">Additional</pageBreakToken>
species have been described in 
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius" order="Helotiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="section" section="Androsacei">Marasmius sect. Androsacei</taxonomicName>
from South-Sea Islands and at least 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. aurantiobasalis" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="aurantiobasalis">M. aurantiobasalis</taxonomicName>
Desjardin &amp; Horak, (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Sydowia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="92 - 193" title="Agarics of Indonesia. 2. A preliminary monograph of Marasmius from Java and Bali." volume="52" year="2000">Desjardin et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
; not 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Mycologica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 152" title="Marasmius and Gloiocephala in the South Pacific region: Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and New Zealand taxa." volume="168" year="1997">Desjardin and Horak 1997</bibRefCitation>
) exhibits several characters resembling those 
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. neobrevipes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="neobrevipes">G. neobrevipes</taxonomicName>
. Finally, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tkalčec">Tkalcec</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mešić">Mesic</normalizedToken>
(2013) transferred two Corner species of 
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius" order="Helotiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Marasmius</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnopus" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="section" section="Androsacei">Gymnopus sect. Androsacei</taxonomicName>
. Several additional species epithets were transferred, including M (
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnopus" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gymnopus</taxonomicName>
) 
<taxonomicName genus="Androsacei" lsidName="Androsacei tomentellus" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="tomentellus">tomentellus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Specimens examined for this study.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Note that the list is not related to that offered by 
<bibRefCitation author="Desjardin, DE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="76 - 84" title="Studies on Marasmius from eastern North America. III. Marasmiusbrevipes and Micromphalesect. Rhizomorphigena." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1989.12025628" volume="81" year="1989">Desjardin and Petersen (1989)</bibRefCitation>
: Alabama, Baldwin Co., Blakely Historical Park, Nature Sanctuary, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.743462">30°44'36.46&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-87.91569">87°54'56.46&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 10.VI.2005, coll J.L. Mata, JLM 1628 (USA); same data, JLM 1630 (USA); Schillingers Rd., Cottage Hill Park, 18.VI.2004, coll D.H. Nelson, det JL Mata, JLM 1564 (USA); Mobile, Univ. South Alabama North campus, forest park, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.693071">30°41'35.06&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-88.18209">88°10'55.54&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 3.VI.2005, coll &amp; det J.L. Mata. JLM 1616 (USA). Louisiana, St. Tammany Par., vic. Pearl River, Honey Island Swamp, 6.VI.1976, coll. W.B. &amp; V.G. Cooke, Cooke no. 52125, ex DAOM 193773 [TENN-F-054662[. [no TFB number]; See also references to Singer (in 
<bibRefCitation author="Dennis, RWG" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="31 - 45" title="Some pleurotoid fungi from the West Indies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117153" volume="8" year="1953">Dennis 1953</bibRefCitation>
). Mississippi, George Co., Pascagoula Wildlife Management Area, vic. Boat Ramp off Rte. 26, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.896482">30°53.789'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-88.74747">88°44.848'W</geoCoordinate>
, 12.VII.2014, coll. RHP, TFB 14504 (TENN 69196); same data, coll. KWH, TFB 14505 (TENN 69197); Harrison Co., vic. Saucer, Tuxahatchie Hiking Trail trailhead, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.662113">30°39'43.61&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.13741">89°08'14.70&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 10.VII.2014, coll. RHP, TFB 14489 (TENN-F-069182); Red Creek Wildl. Man. Area, 11.VIII.2014, coll. KWH, TFB 14498 (TENN-F-069189); Jackson Co., Parker Lake area, Pascagoula River, 17.VII.1987, coll DE Desjardin, DED 4367 (TENN-F-047662). North Carolina, Macon Co., vic. Highlands, Bull Pen Rd., Slick Rock campground, 27.VII.1978, coll RHP, TFB 52193 (TENN-F-041215); vic. Highlands, Bull Pen Rd., Chattooga Loop Trail, 13.VI.1987, coll RHP &amp; E Horak, det. DE Desjardin, DED 4279 (TENN-F-047665); same location, 13.VII.1988, DED 4583 (TUNN-F-054661); vic. Highlands, Horse Cove Rd. opposite FR 401, 13.VI.1989, coll RHP, TFB 56693 (TENN-F-048667); vic. Highlands, Nantahala Nat. For., Blue Valley, first gated road on left, 24.VI.1989, coll. RHP, TFB 1827 (TENN-F-048533); same location, FS79, 8.VII.1990, coll. RHP, TFB 2895 (TENN-F-049257); same location, 10.VII.1990, coll RHP, TFB 2185 (TENN-F-048796); same location, 10.VII.1990, coll RHP, TFB 2187 (TENN-F-048794); same location, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pickelseimer’s">Pickelseimer's</normalizedToken>
Falls trail, 18.VII.1991, coll. S.A. Gordon, TFB 3704 (TENN-F-050692; same location, junction of F.R. 83 and 83B, 14.VII.1986, coll D.E. Desjardin, DED 3813 (TENN-F-047663); same location, 13.VI.1987, coll RHP &amp; E. Horak, det. DE Desjardin, 13.VI.1987, DED 4282 (TENN-F-047664). Tennessee, Cocke Co., GSMNP, Big Creek, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.7811">35°46'51.96&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.203255">83°12'11.74&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 16.VI.1991, coll SA Gordon, RHP, V Antonin, HR Bhandary, TFB 3633 (TENN-F-050752); same location, 16.VI.1991, same collectors, TFB 3634 (TENN-F-050753). Texas, Hardin Co., Big Thicket Nat. Preserve, Lance Rosier Unit, Teel Rd., vic cypress swamp, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.264334">30°15.860'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-94.5125">94°30.75'W</geoCoordinate>
, coll DP Lewis, DPL 11773, TFB 14609 (TENN-F-069312); Newton Co., Co. Rd. 305, Bleakwood, Lewis Properties, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.708483">30°42.509'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.82716">93°49.630'W</geoCoordinate>
, coll &amp; leg D.P. Lewis, DPL 11763 (DPL Herb.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>