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<document id="E5160B3ACCD4C058C4358B11B0E8DCE4" ID-CLB-Dataset="32084" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.26.14919" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6526668b-a452-479b-b53f-e25c6014dea6" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-26-61" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-4049-26-61" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 26" ModsDocTitle="Two new green-spored species of Trichoderma (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and their phylogenetic positions" checkinTime="1505491063820" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhu, Zhao-Xiang, Xu, Hao-Xiang, Zhuang, Wen-Ying &amp; Li, Yu" docDate="2017" docId="04F5FA85B669ECEF85B6ABA5C54D3815" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 26: 61-75" docOrigin="MycoKeys 26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.26.14919" docTitle="Trichoderma fujianense Z. X. Zhu, W. Y. Zhuang &amp; Y. Li, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFD9EB06FFA1F319FFF4FFC2BC6D1319" masterDocTitle="Two new green-spored species of Trichoderma (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and their phylogenetic positions" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1732941426170" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="85A96C48FB035994B368C8A574574853">Two new green-spored species of Trichoderma (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) and their phylogenetic positions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AA546A843BDDE16D33C830829245ADEB">Zhu, Zhao-Xiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="312ECD7CBFA62F9BB72049C2A2363448">Xu, Hao-Xiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E60A1516EE8CFB7F9192359A35111C20">Zhuang, Wen-Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="85F60C0BD9EB7DA2C4BA7F6ED2702062">Li, Yu</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="04F5FA85B669ECEF85B6ABA5C54D3815" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134090195" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:04F5FA85B669ECEF85B6ABA5C54D3815" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/04F5FA85B669ECEF85B6ABA5C54D3815" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" scope_class="Sordariomycetes" scope_phylum="Ascomycota">
<subSubSection id="E29B0D9285212F9439181099AB470F21" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C4A90DE7EDDBE99C172B9536E02DCEF2" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="804F7A77AD35D55F06C8CFACD6E84611" ID-CoL="58BMK" LSID="MycoBank: MB 821807" authority="Z. X. Zhu, W. Y. Zhuang &amp; Y. Li" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoderma fujianense" order="Hypocreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fujianense">Trichoderma fujianense Z.X. Zhu, W.Y. Zhuang &amp; Y. Li</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="405840B6A674D274A3A1AC8C878213AA" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88C9CB92DFB1AA7457A94BBC390E08DE" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E00B572BC1BA36D21EC9C4F3B174899F" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="65D84E96A5B43D611DF286A0B2EEC1E5" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Characterized by slender to lageniform, long phialides (14-23
<normalizedToken id="8B39090EB385BEB502A86011C3938866" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3.5
<normalizedToken id="8D86BFEDE3BB92F9897EEA85BF863B18" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
),
<taxonomicName id="CAA5A92240296CCE740B02F1A001EB21" lsidName="gliocladium" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="gliocladium">gliocladium</taxonomicName>
to verticillium-like conidiophores, ellipsoidal to cylindrical conidia (4.5-5.5
<normalizedToken id="6CF882830E6AF28643B844C6E99BC427" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3.5
<normalizedToken id="C0EDEF6F8DFB224D9AE06106F5DBC3B2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="5F7737CE7E01AEED50AD3E1BD2F2C579" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<paragraph id="48CEDC3A7E6A30876177D6504C3EB907" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Figure 2. The new species
<taxonomicName id="78D8FE0F6F6D0A4E56E8B056BA7476F5" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoderma fujianense" order="Hypocreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fujianense">Trichoderma fujianense</taxonomicName>
, holotype (HMJAU 34830).
<normalizedToken id="24AF88590C2385B315797B8F7C1039F7" originalValue="as">a-s</normalizedToken>
Asexual state
<normalizedToken id="4979050AC6E691D5FB070CB478B463BE" originalValue="ac">a-c</normalizedToken>
Cultures after 13 d at 25 °C (aPDA, bCMD, cSNA).
<normalizedToken id="3FB56C629402CA2472BCE2260DABCBF2" originalValue="dq">d-q</normalizedToken>
Conidiophores and phialides (SNA, 20 d) r, s Conidia (SNA, 20 d). Scales bars: 20 mm (
<normalizedToken id="780C7FD758716ED70DABEB2FADFF0C08" originalValue="ac">a-c</normalizedToken>
); 20
<normalizedToken id="B344FE3BF966803D09FFDC1305515807" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="F10F59FCD67669C70D94B17AE8FC66DB" originalValue="dh">d-h</normalizedToken>
); 10
<normalizedToken id="DEAFCBF25DE9CDDAF8F41CDB03CA4FE5" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="868BEBAB8C222B69B3B822EC2D5A36DC" originalValue="is">i-s</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33BB976C6AEB6E5D0EEE9DDB82AF3483" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="89625FCE65ACBFC35F0899534FBB90A6" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D89F89C42083FBC975B0A1CA941928E" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
CHINA. Fujian: Quanzhou City, Qingyuan mountain.
<geoCoordinate id="21FC04CB1381ED42A29047BB02901EEF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="24.947498">24°56'51&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="31D81E2EE32B2F321227AD4614B1DE22" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.60861">118°36'31&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 150 m alt., on bark, 6 Aug 2015, Z.X. Zhu 230 (HMJAU 34830, holotype), Ex-type culture CGMCC 3.18757.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DE11F5C72DF497B387CE9AE8E43CDF5" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="6700FFA1D30165F9B28BC5B9A6EAC477" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9491B0F18BA926C40092E95751643F11" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Colony radius on CMD after 72 h 2.5-5 mm at 20 °C, 13-15 mm at 25 °C, 3.5-5 mm at 30 °C, no growth at 35 °C, mycelium covering the plate after 2 wk at 25°C. Colony circular, dense,
<normalizedToken id="61EC96722F4F17DB09C18F78081C74BF" originalValue="finely">finely</normalizedToken>
zonate, becoming hairy to
<normalizedToken id="C7D76D5F5DFEA3D90E42959AD0811CA0" originalValue="floccose">floccose</normalizedToken>
by conidiophores,
<normalizedToken id="9DA928449EA03DE9546CC92AB70BD421" originalValue="first">first</normalizedToken>
whitish, turning light green. Aerial hyphae virtually absent. Autolytic excretions, pigment and coilings absent. Conidiation starting after 4 d in densely disposed
<taxonomicName id="BA79A76D09487C9FABC83052AA51A2C6" lsidName="gliocladium" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="gliocladium">gliocladium</taxonomicName>
-like conidiophores, short-effuse, turning green after 1 wk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9CF6CE02DE74EBF2C72496D8958BABA9" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Colony radius on PDA after 72 h 7.5-8.5 mm at 20 °C, 8.5-10 mm at 25 °C, 0.5-1 mm at 30 °C, no growth at 35 °C, mycelium covering the plate after 2 wk at 25 °C. Colony circular, compact with distinctly zonate, with commonly lobed or coarsely wavy margin, centre dense, green, margin relatively looser, whitish. Conidiation noted around the plug after 3-4 d, effuse, spreading from the centre over the entire colony surface. No distinct odor, no diffusing pigment observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43D0A1555FAE81038C23380D0AFD7F79" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Colony radius on SNA after 72 h 1.5-3 mm at 20 °C, 4-5 mm at 25 °C, 1-2 mm at 30 °C, no growth at 35 °C, mycelium covering the plate after 24 d at 25 °C. Colony hyaline, thin, irregular, not zonate, surface mycelium scant. Aerial hyphae inconspicuous, short. Conidiophores sparsely disposed, noted after 7 d,
<taxonomicName id="5D8A2C6649399D49B027A4D77596559E" lsidName="gliocladium" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="gliocladium">gliocladium</taxonomicName>
to verticillium-like, with 1
<normalizedToken id="1C6CBE889DAB4EB55BE774C91E2FCFCC" originalValue="3(">-3(-</normalizedToken>
4) whorls arising from the main axis. Phialides arising in more or less narrow angles from cylindrical metulae, phialides slender to lageniform, somewhat curved, (10
<normalizedToken id="45A259D81AF366E0B78A212FF3114458" originalValue=")1423(">-)14-23(-</normalizedToken>
28)
<normalizedToken id="ED86765A78408DA00F8F44F0F9744CEF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2
<normalizedToken id="C64291B2144BAA15721442B6497C7776" originalValue="3.5(">-3.5(-</normalizedToken>
4)
<normalizedToken id="438040DCD6D7AE6F1CE6B0F16790CECC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, l/w 4.8
<normalizedToken id="D8E09F43C1D3350F4A4D5C8BB6F063A9" originalValue="7.2(">-7.2(-</normalizedToken>
9.2), (1.5
<normalizedToken id="0D59F7614194EB6B0B3DB1B0EBDC17CA" originalValue=")1.82.7(">-)1.8-2.7(-</normalizedToken>
3.2)
<normalizedToken id="647F0DDE4D3BC3BE4FEC138BAE76C45D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide at the base (n = 100). Conidia green, ellipsoidal to cylindrical, smooth, (4
<normalizedToken id="5EA3B835A84026727FCBEC10DF3214B2" originalValue=")4.55.5(">-)4.5-5.5(-</normalizedToken>
6)
<normalizedToken id="10E7A7E2D61C9C5541E07CC62DFBAE2D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5
<normalizedToken id="1626930A9115AA8D568CB99AF4F17E83" originalValue="3.5(">-3.5(-</normalizedToken>
4)
<normalizedToken id="D9C923B1D53BD955A3ACB6B187D14931" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, l/w (1.2
<normalizedToken id="7D80566CD0771E7BD425723C68FECD42" originalValue=")1.3">-)1.3-</normalizedToken>
2.0 (n = 100). No distinct odor, no diffusing pigment observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0B5568DB5E3CE928DE5A3DBB7FDF86BD" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="0C335FCA3C64AE6C6573C53319864DB2" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9EAC49CEA960C74E00A95C0091C7F507" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">On the surface of rotten wood in humid forests of east China.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F5FDA1D88CF0B61A5B61749F50C230" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5B3749CD4FFE6FCDC1C57168991F17B7" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EEC0B3987F96A83A69075D48397E85B8" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
The epithet
<normalizedToken id="DADC319F48CE24A42BCE035915301C4F" originalValue="“fujian”">&quot;fujian&quot;</normalizedToken>
, indicating occurrence of the fungus in Fujian province.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EB160C777C30ED166586C82A65AF299A" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="teleomorph">
<paragraph id="E0EC87013001C5B093B82EE36B32B60E" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Teleomorph.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B300346D910D1F0DBF4E652463B6BC59" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Not known.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50D9138BAECC232FB0C9D09AB0A90FD9" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="DF691A47A7ECAF1E016AEB0FBF6E5CD1" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9095E2B1D939A0BA1690D49587394B7E" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Morphologically, the new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="AA9FE483D6AA754BE573FEAE718AC864" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoderma costaricense" order="Hypocreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="costaricense">Trichoderma costaricense</taxonomicName>
in conidiophore character and phialide shape and size; while the latter fungus produces abundant chlamydospores on CMD, has relatively larger conidia (5.2-6.0
<normalizedToken id="D5026AE829BC639E0B1EE39751BC6992" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.2-4.0
<normalizedToken id="EC6BA19CA9DCD4278D32B33DE0011B78" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
) and faster growth on PDA and SNA, and grows well and sporulates at 35 °C (
<bibRefCitation id="9ACF077BC8D49C1C8BD78041B18A987D" author="Chaverri, P" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 116" title="Hypocrea / Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores." volume="48" year="2003">Chaverri and Samuels 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, sequence similarity of ITS and RPB2 between these species was only 90.1% and 92.1%, with 60 bp and 68 bp differences among 606 bp and 864 bp, respectively. Among the species with green ascospores,
<taxonomicName id="7FCDFC4DE64562627F814C8364341FDE" lsidName="T. gelatinosum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="gelatinosum">T. gelatinosum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4E77EF4CA7CE7B45D0848B0BB233C0F9" lsidName="T. nigrovirens" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="nigrovirens">T. nigrovirens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FAA32517A595366117E0E708304C2184" lsidName="T. chromospermum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="chromospermum">T. chromospermum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="669AF1BD4F845B6D92375725BB5A804E" lsidName="T. thelephoricola" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="thelephoricola">T. thelephoricola</taxonomicName>
also generated
<taxonomicName id="9A031451175DB69CB7CD16E1DA26EDFA" lsidName="gliocladium" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="gliocladium">gliocladium</taxonomicName>
to verticillium-like conidiophores, but they are not phylogenetically closely related.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D458D43B8D62689B266B319827549D26" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
The phylogenetic positions of the new taxa (Figure 1) demonstrated that
<taxonomicName id="386FA69F1996EA6409EC901194782EEB" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoderma fujianense" order="Hypocreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fujianense">Trichoderma fujianense</taxonomicName>
is found to be closely related to
<taxonomicName id="6822C0D276B4CF64950310C8072A4BD8" lsidName="T. aureoviride" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="aureoviride">T. aureoviride</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B425D3F29836957A128DB0A0504663FB" lsidName="T. candidum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="candidum">T. candidum</taxonomicName>
, and three of them form an independent lineage with high statistical support. However,
<taxonomicName id="B499FE51DBF118EDD5BC0867AE1E93F0" lsidName="T. aureoviride" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="aureoviride">T. aureoviride</taxonomicName>
is distinctive by shorter conidia (3.8-4.0
<normalizedToken id="1FB41196BB3C1ABA91BF464CF6FDC344" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.0-3.3
<normalizedToken id="F80DF26C6062C17F5EFA0724B8982851" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, l/w 1.2-1.3);
<taxonomicName id="8850DCD261071ECEEDE49F2EEC71042D" lsidName="T. candidum" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="candidum">T. candidum</taxonomicName>
differs by shorter phialides (7.3
<normalizedToken id="F255EA62458BA85D4CFD15B7F12FE867" originalValue=")9.013.5(">-)9.0-13.5(-</normalizedToken>
16.5)
<normalizedToken id="88C8E6DB781C588134A6564071F2E89D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, globose to subglobose and smaller conidia (3.2-3.5
<normalizedToken id="2C1C52ADF2A61B7224B4535C8EF0A708" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.0-3.2
<normalizedToken id="A086C995224EC8F2345415AE873B23F9" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, l/w (1.0
<normalizedToken id="B0DC619CAFBE30152407A1F38EC80780" originalValue=")1.1(">-)1.1(-</normalizedToken>
1.3) (
<bibRefCitation id="6AAB9C1CF14E6B6729B12FC67A8D7224" author="Chaverri, P" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 116" title="Hypocrea / Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores." volume="48" year="2003">Chaverri and Samuels 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>