treatments-xml/data/03/FF/87/03FF87F0FFBCE3324EFC1FA50331C699.xml

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<mods:title id="B43A7C385F178ED50B78ED45EA6D95B3">Hemitriakis indroyonoi sp. nov., a new species of houndshark from Indonesia (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="234AF6299CE5C98F784ADC9BC5F1D60D">Compagno, Leonard J. V.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394EFC1FA50399C3A4" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[151,433,693,719]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394EFC1FA50399C3A4" bold="true" box="[151,433,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Hemitriakis indroyonoi</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBCE3394EFC1FC80386C399" blockId="5.[151,534,693,792]" box="[151,430,728,754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Indonesian Houndshark</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34C656DFFBCE3394EFC1FEE03F2C273" box="[151,474,766,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBCE3394EFC1FEE03F2C273" blockId="5.[151,534,693,792]" box="[151,474,766,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<figureCitation id="136D2A63FFBCE3394EFC1FEE030CC273" box="[151,292,766,792]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[158,262,1396,1420]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,255,922,946]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,255,1649,1673]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,257,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1418,278,1355]" captionTargetBox-1="[384,1232,206,893]" captionTargetBox-2="[174,1425,1047,1618]" captionTargetBox-3="[284,1303,197,1569]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,266,1365]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[340,1248,194,898]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[151,1436,1034,1625]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[284,1303,197,1571]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Lateral view of Hemitriakis indroyonoi sp. nov.: A, holotype MZB 16672, immature male 696 mm TL; B, not retained, adult male 970 mm TL; C, paratype CSIRO H 6817 – 02, female 497 mm TL." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Ventral view of the head of Hemitriakis indroyonoi sp. nov., holotype (MZB 16672, immature male 696 mm TL)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Late-term embryos of Hemitriakis indroyonoi sp. nov., paratypes CSIRO H 6818 – 01 (2 of 3 specimens): A, Lateral view; B, Dorsal view." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Hemitriakis indroyonoi sp. nov. chondrocrania from CSIRO H 6817 - 01, female 656 mm TL: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 cm. Abbreviations: AF—anterior fontanelle; ASC — anterior semicircular canal; BP—basal plate; CF—internal carotid foramen; ECN—ectethemoid condyle; EPN—epiphysial notch; FCV—foramen for anterior cerebral vein; FEN—endolymphatic foramen; FES—foramen for efferent spiracular artery; FM—foramen magnum; FOC—foramen for superficial ophthalmic nerve; FPC, FPE and FPI—cranial, external and orbital foramina of deep ophthalmic nerve; FPN — perilymphatic foramen; FII—optic nerve foramen; FIII—oculomotor nerve foramen; FIV—trochlear nerve foramen; FIX—glossopharyngeal nerve foramen; FX—vagus nerve foramen; HF—hyomandibular facet; IOC — interorbital canal; LR—lateral rostral cartilage; MR—medial rostral cartilage; NA—nasal aperture; NC— nasal capsule; NF—nasal fontanelle; NP—orbital notch; O—orbit; OC—occipital condyle; OCN—occipital centrum; ONF—orbitonasal foramen; OR—opisthotic ridge; ORF—orbital fissure; OT—otic capsule; PC— preorbital canal; PR—preorbital process; PRF—parietal fossa; PSC—posterior semicircular canal; PT—postorbital process; RF— rostral fenestra; RN—rostral node; SC—supraorbital crest; SEF—subethmoid fossa; SF—stapedial foramen; SR—sphenopterotic ridge; SS—suborbital shelf." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/187882/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/187883/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/187884/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/187885/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136D2A63FFBCE3394F5A1FEE0368C273" box="[305,320,766,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[250,1357,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[233,1369,190,1614]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral view of late-term embryos of Hemitriakis species: A, H. complicofasciata, OCA-P 20010218 – 01 – E 1, male 243 mm TL (from Takahashi &amp; Nakaya, 2004); B, H. fasciata, WAM P 26274 – 007, female paratype 258 mm TL (from Compagno &amp; Stevens, 1993); C, H. indroyonoi sp. nov., CSIRO H 6818 – 01 (1 of 3), male ~ 260 mm TL; D, H. japanica, CAS Acc. 1971 – VII, female 222 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); E, H. leucoperiptera, SU – 27118, male 169 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); F. H. sp. A [sensu Compagno et al., 2005] SU 40097, female 180 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187886/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">5</figureCitation>
c, 
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, 2
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394EFC1E5C033DC208" ID-CoL="4VG9" box="[151,277,844,867]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394EFC1E5C033DC208" box="[151,277,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
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sp. 1: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFBCE3394F371E5C0037C208" author="White" box="[348,543,844,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="White, W. T., Last, P. R., Stevens, J. D., Yearsley, G. K., Fahmi &amp; Dharmadi (2006) Economically Important Sharks and Rays of Indonesia. ACIAR Monograph Series, No 124, ACIAR Publishing, Canberra, 329 pp." type="book" year="2006">
White 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394FCF1E5C03FBC208" box="[420,467,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
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: pp. 188–189, fig; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFBCE3394C831E5C0147C208" author="White" box="[744,879,844,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="White, W. T. (2007) Aspects of the biology of carcharhiniform sharks in Indonesian waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87, 1269 - 1275." type="journal article" year="2007">White, 2007</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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.
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<date id="FFE81026FFBCE3394F421EA9039DC2B8" box="[297,437,953,979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="2004-07-07">7 July 2004</date>
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H 5873–05, adult male 
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H 6817–01, female 
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H 6817–02, female 
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H 6817–03, female 
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H 6818–01 (3 late-term embryos), 
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, Tanjung Luar fish market, Lombok, 
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H 6819–01, male mid- to late-term embryo, 
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<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394C5819B10072C5D0" box="[563,602,1185,1211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">TL</collectionCode>
, Tanjung Luar fish market, Lombok, 
<collectingCountry id="F3417676FFBCE3394A6619B106AAC5D0" box="[1037,1154,1185,1211]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE625021FFBCE3394AE519B106DAC5D0" box="[1166,1266,1185,1211]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-8.75">08°45' S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE625021FFBCE3394A9519B1075AC5D0" box="[1278,1394,1185,1211]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="116.583336">116°35' E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFE81026FFBCE3394B1419B10372C589" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="2004-09-10">10 September 2004</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBCE3394EAE19FE0336C4C8" blockId="5.[151,1437,912,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394EAE19FE03A5C463" bold="true" box="[197,397,1262,1288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Other material.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D50FD6FFFBCE3394FFE19FE0000C463" box="[405,552,1262,1288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394C5119FE00BAC463" box="[570,658,1262,1288]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">CSIRO</collectionCode>
H 5884–01, female late-term embryo 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFBCE3394A0A19FE06ECC463" box="[1121,1220,1262,1288]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="278.0">278 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394AA619FE06DCC463" box="[1229,1268,1262,1288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">TL</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394B6A19FE0769C463" box="[1281,1345,1262,1288]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">MZB</collectionCode>
15481, female 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFBCE3394E8618050373C444" box="[237,347,1301,1327]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1130.0">1130 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394F09180503A0C444" box="[354,392,1301,1327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">TL</collectionCode>
, Tanjung Luar fish market, Lombok, 
<collectingCountry id="F3417676FFBCE3394D5018050198C444" box="[827,944,1301,1327]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE625021FFBCE3394DD018050637C444" box="[955,1055,1301,1327]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-8.75">08°45' S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE625021FFBCE3394A40180506B7C444" box="[1067,1183,1301,1327]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="116.583336">116°35' E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFE81026FFBCE3394AC018050779C444" box="[1195,1361,1301,1327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="2001-04-12">12 April 2001</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394B37180507B4C444" box="[1372,1436,1301,1327]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">MZB</collectionCode>
15174, male 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFBCE3394F44182C03B8C43D" box="[303,400,1340,1366]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.93" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="893.0">893 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394FFC182C0395C43D" box="[407,445,1340,1366]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">TL</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394FA2182C0021C43D" box="[457,521,1340,1366]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">MZB</collectionCode>
15427, female 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFBCE3394CD5182C0137C43D" box="[702,799,1340,1366]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.43" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="843.0">843 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394D4D182C0164C43D" box="[806,844,1340,1366]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">TL</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394D32182C01B1C43D" box="[857,921,1340,1366]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">MZB</collectionCode>
15483, male late-term embryo 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFBCE3394B62182C0742C43D" box="[1289,1386,1340,1366]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.67" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="267.0">267 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394B1B182C07BFC43D" box="[1392,1431,1340,1366]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">TL</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394EFC187202F0C417" box="[151,216,1378,1404]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">MZB</collectionCode>
15493, female 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFBCE3394FFE1872002EC417" box="[405,518,1378,1404]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1130.0">1130 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED47AE23FFBCE3394C651872001EC417" box="[526,566,1378,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">TL</collectionCode>
, Tanjung Luar fish market, Lombok, 
<collectingCountry id="F3417676FFBCE3394D961872065DC417" box="[1021,1141,1378,1404]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE625021FFBCE3394AE9187206C2C417" box="[1154,1258,1378,1404]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-8.75">08°45' S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE625021FFBCE3394A9318720759C417" box="[1272,1393,1378,1404]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="116.583336">116°35 'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFE81026FFBCE3394B1518720332C4C8" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" value="2004-04-25">25 April 2004</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C656DFFBCE33A4EAD18BF01F0C1B3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBCE3394EAD18BF07B4C68C" blockId="5.[151,1437,912,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394EAD18BF036EC4A2" bold="true" box="[198,326,1455,1481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394F2618A003F0C4A2" box="[333,472,1456,1481]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394F2618A003F0C4A2" box="[333,472,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with large, horizontally oval eyes (length 2.7–3.3% TL, 2.3–4.2 times eye height); snout narrow, acutely pointed, prenarial length 4.5–5.1% TL, preoral snout 1.8–2.0 times internarial width; posterior nasal flaps present, but small; pre-first dorsal length 2.3–2.9 times anal–caudal space; second dorsalfin height 6.5–7.1% TL; 69 rows of teeth in both jaws (based on one 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFBCE3394DA21B34061BC755" box="[969,1075,1572,1598]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
); dorsal, pectoral and anal fins strongly falcate in adults; first dorsal origin anterior to pectoral free rear tips; total vertebral counts 143–160, precaudal counts 105–122, monospondylous precaudal counts 35–38; late-term embryos with a bold colour pattern of complicated saddles and rings over head, body and fins; small post-natal juveniles (&lt;
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFBCE3394B691B88074EC7D9" box="[1282,1382,1688,1714]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
TL) with faint dark blotches and bars; larger juveniles and adults plain except for white margins on fins and a black caudal fin tip; males mature at ~ 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFBCE3394C181BF500F2C794" box="[627,730,1765,1791]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="900.0">900 mm</quantity>
TL, females at ~ 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFBCE3394DC51BF5060CC794" box="[942,1060,1765,1791]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 mm</quantity>
TL. This species superficially closely resembles other members of this genus, 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394CA71A1C07B4C64E" box="[716,1436,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394CA71A1C0116C64E" box="[716,830,1804,1829]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">H. abdita</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394D211A1C0612C64E" box="[842,1082,1804,1829]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complicofasciata">H. complicofasciata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394A2D1A1C0697C64E" box="[1094,1215,1804,1829]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">H. falcata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394AA01A1C07B4C64E" box="[1227,1436,1804,1829]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoperiptera">H. leucoperiptera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394EA01A230371C627" box="[203,345,1843,1868]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394EA01A230371C627" box="[203,345,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394FD81A23000CC627" box="[435,548,1843,1868]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394FD81A23000CC627" box="[435,548,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">H. abdita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394C0B1A23017BC627" box="[608,851,1843,1868]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complicofasciata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394C0B1A23017BC627" box="[608,851,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">H. complicofasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is distinguished by its lower vertebral counts (precaudal count 105–122 vs. 124–131) and from 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394C8C1A49019FC619" box="[743,951,1881,1906]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoperiptera">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394C8C1A49019FC619" box="[743,951,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">H. leucoperiptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its higher vertebral counts (precaudal count 105–122 vs. 94–96). From 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394C581A9000EBC6F2" box="[563,707,1920,1945]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394C581A9000EBC6F2" box="[563,707,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it differs in number of monospondylous centra (35–38 vs. 39–43) and structure of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene. It is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBCE3394A171AB706DAC6AB" box="[1148,1266,1959,1984]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBCE3394A171AB706DAC6AB" box="[1148,1266,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in colour of late-term embryos and newborns (complicated pattern of bars, lines and rings over body and fins vs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBFE33A4EFC1D8801F0C1B3" blockId="6.[151,1435,152,216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">a series of dusky saddles), second dorsal fin height (6.5–7.1 vs. 5.9–6.5% TL), narrower eye (height 0.8–1.2 vs. 1.3–1.6% TL) and shorter mouth (length 1.9–2.2 vs. 2.2–2.6% TL).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF29666EFFBFE33A4EF518640670C4C5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187882/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[167,1418,278,1355]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBFE33A4EF518640670C4C5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1396,1454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBFE33A4EF518640308C4E7" bold="true" box="[158,288,1396,1420]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Lateral view of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBFE33A4FB9186500E3C4E7" box="[466,715,1397,1420]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBFE33A4FB9186500E3C4E7" box="[466,715,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Hemitriakis indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A211578FFFBFE33A4CB918640100C4E7" box="[722,808,1396,1420]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBFE33A4CB918640100C4E7" bold="true" box="[722,808,1396,1420]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, holotype MZB 16672, immature male 696 mm TL; B, not retained, adult male 970 mm TL; C, paratype CSIRO H 6817–02, female 497 mm TL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34C656DFFBFE3314EAE18CC073CC2E9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBFE33A4EAE18CC0072C776" blockId="6.[151,1437,1500,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBFE33A4EAE18CC0375C49D" bold="true" box="[197,349,1500,1526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Description.</emphasis>
Proportional dimensions as percentage of total length (FAO abbreviations from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFBFE33A4B7F18CC02FBC776" author="Compagno" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (2001) Sharks of the World: an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Volume 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO, Rome, 269 pp." type="book" year="2001">Compagno, 2001</bibRefCitation>
) for 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFBFE33A4F671B130317C776" box="[268,319,1539,1565]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
series, listed in 
<tableCitation id="C6D4035DFFBFE33A4F971B13007CC776" box="[508,596,1539,1565]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[159,247,159,183]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,210,1947]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. (continued)" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBFE33A4EAD1B3A0333C66E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1500,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Body elongate and slender, trunk circular to subtriangular in cross section at first dorsal-fin base, length of trunk from fifth gill openings to vent 1.33 (1.24–1.35) times head length. A low interdorsal ridge on midline of back between dorsal fins, and a very low postdorsal ridge, but without predorsal ridges; lateral ridges absent from body. Caudal peduncle slender, cylindrically tapering and without lateral keels, caudal peduncle height at upper caudal origin 1.14 (1.02–1.16) its width, 4.32 (3.72–4.68) in dorsal–caudal space. Precaudal pits absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBFE33A4EFC1A02015CC68C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1500,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Head short, its length 0.87 (0.84–0.93) in pectoral–pelvic space; fairly narrow and flattened, roughly trapezoidal in cross-section at eyes. Outline of head in lateral view nearly straight to convex dorsally, slightly convex ventrally along lower jaws and nearly flat beneath gills; in dorsoventral view head anteriorly parabolic and posteriorly tapering along branchial region. Preoral snout long, 1.15 (0.96–1.07) in mouth width. Snout tip narrowly rounded to acutely pointed in dorsoventral view, with shallow indentations anterior to nostrils; snout bluntly pointed in lateral view, convex above and below.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF29666EFFBEE33B4EFC1E8A02E0C2BF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187883/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[384,1232,206,893]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBEE33B4EFC1E8A02E0C2BF" blockId="7.[151,1436,922,980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBEE33B4EFC1E8A0330C2D9" bold="true" box="[151,280,922,946]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Ventral view of the head of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBEE33B4C281E8A0113C2DA" box="[579,827,922,945]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBEE33B4C281E8A0113C2DA" box="[579,827,922,945]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Hemitriakis indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A211578FFFBEE33B4D2A1E8A01BEC2D9" box="[833,918,922,946]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBEE33B4D2A1E8A01BEC2D9" bold="true" box="[833,918,922,946]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (MZB 16672, immature male 696 mm TL).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF29666EFFBEE33B4EFC1B6103F9C7C0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187884/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[174,1425,1047,1618]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBEE33B4EFC1B6103F9C7C0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1649,1707]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBEE33B4EFC1B610331C7E2" bold="true" box="[151,281,1649,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Late-term embryos of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFBEE33B4C651B62012FC7E2" box="[526,775,1650,1673]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBEE33B4C651B62012FC7E2" box="[526,775,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Hemitriakis indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A211578FFFBEE33B4D661B61014BC7E2" box="[781,867,1649,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFBEE33B4D661B61014BC7E2" bold="true" box="[781,867,1649,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratypes CSIRO H 6818–01 (2 of 3 specimens): A, Lateral view; B, Dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFBEE33B4EAE1A14007BC6D2" blockId="7.[151,1436,1796,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">External eye opening with prominent posterior notch but no anterior one; eyes large and elongate-oval in shape, eye length 7.08 (5.98–7.12) in head length, eye length 2.25 (2.54–4.20) times eye height. Eyes dorsolateral on head, with lower edges well medial to horizontal head rim in dorsal view, subocular ridges prominent. Nictitating lower eyelids external in young and adults, with deep but entirely scaled subocular pouches and secondary lower eyelids.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB1E3344EAE1D880314C027" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Spiracles small, length 4.42 (5.45–6.63) in eye length, spiracles 0.34 (0.27–0.33) eye lengths behind and below posterior eye notch. First four gill openings subequal in height; fifth shorter than third, height of fifth 0.77 (0.65–0.84) of third; third 8.75 (8.60–9.73) in head, 0.81 (0.61–0.83) of eye length. All gill openings very slightly concave to nearly straight, gill filaments not visible from outside; upper ends slightly below lower edges of eyes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB1E3344EAE1C4901F1C08C" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Nostrils with large oval to subcircular incurrent apertures lacking posterolateral keels, rounded anterior nasal flaps with rounded tips, prominent mesonarial flaps, small oval excurrent apertures, and very small posterior nasal flaps. Nostrils well in front of mouth; width 2.26 (2.05–2.34) in internarial space, 1.72 (1.69–1.93) in eye length, 1.34 (1.04–1.48) in third gill opening height.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB1E3344EAE1CE40167C39D" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Mouth broadly arched, moderately large, and short, mouth width about 0.67 (0.61–0.77) of head width at mouth corners, 3.48 (2.83–3.66) in head length; mouth length 2.90 (2.80–3.26) in mouth width. Tongue large, flat and broadly rounded, filling floor of mouth. Maxillary valve narrow, width slightly less than one fifth of eye diameter; valve covered with small papillae. No buccal papillae on floor of mouth and palate behind maxillary valve; maxillary valve smooth and covered with buccopharyngeal denticles. Labial furrows long, uppers 1.69 (1.51–1.71) times lowers, anterior ends of uppers under first quarter of eye length and reaching virtually to symphysis of upper jaw. Labial cartilages large.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB1E3344EAE1E1207AAC540" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Teeth relatively few, in 36/33 rows. Teeth not arranged in diagonal files, no toothless spaces at symphysis. Teeth weakly differentiated in upper and lower jaws and along jaws, with well defined medials and weakly differentiated anterolaterals and posteriors. Tooth formulae (counts combined for both sides) are: upper = M3, AL10-12, P5-6; lower = M5, AL9-10, P4-5. Upper anterolateral teeth higher-crowned than lowers, both with well-developed distal cusplets and oblique cusps, cusps somewhat higher and more erect on upper teeth than lowers; medial teeth smaller than anterolaterals, with more erect cusps, higher crowns, and both mesial and distal cusplets; anterolaterals gradually become lower crowned and lower-cusped along the dental band, and grade into keel-like posterior teeth which are very low-crowned, lack cusps, and have a broad convex edge.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB1E3344EAE19280363C451" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Lateral trunk denticles of 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB1E3344C6A19280043C539" box="[513,619,1080,1106]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with elongated, teardrop-shaped crowns about 1.5 times as long as wide, closely imbricated; interspaces between ridges, including that between medial ridges, covered with reticulated depressions; crown with prominent paired longitudinal ridges that diverge and then converge posteriorly to end at the medial cusps; medial cusp relatively long and strong, a third to half length of crown; a pair of strong lateral ridges on crown, terminating in strong but short lateral cusps. Denticles of adult male 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB1E3344EFC19E902D4C478" box="[151,252,1273,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(CSIRO H 5873–05) with more teardrop-shaped crowns than smaller 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB1E3344A5319E90651C478" box="[1080,1145,1273,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">types</typeStatus>
, with lateral cusps much less developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB1E3344EAE1856010CC490" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Pectoral fins narrow and very weakly to semi-falcate; anterior margin broadly convex; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin nearly straight (smaller 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB1E3344C85187D0148C4EC" box="[750,864,1389,1415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) to moderately concave (largest 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB1E3344A8F187D0772C4EC" box="[1252,1370,1389,1415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); free rear tips broadly rounded, inner margins convex; bases narrow; anterior margin 1.61 (1.43–1.64) times pectoral length; slightly larger in area to first dorsal; origins under fourth gill openings; apex posterior to its free rear tip when fin is elevated and adpressed to body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB1E3344EAE1B18002EC7FD" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Pelvic fins broadly triangular and not falcate; pelvic anterior margins 0.46 (0.45–0.51) of pectoral anterior margins; slightly larger in area to anal fin; anterior margin nearly straight; apex bluntly pointed to angular; posterior margin nearly straight in smaller 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB1E3344CC91B4500CDC704" box="[674,741,1621,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">types</typeStatus>
, becoming slightly concave in larger 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB1E3344ADB1B4506DCC704" box="[1200,1268,1621,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">types</typeStatus>
; free rear tips pointed, inner margins straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB1E3344EAE1BB30684C699" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Claspers of adult male 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB1E3344F831BB3007BC7D6" box="[488,595,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(CSIRO H 5873–05) relatively long and basally stout, convex and strongly tapering on lateral edge, and with a convex, blunt-tipped clasper glans. Claspers extending well behind pelvic free rear tips, by distance about 1.1 times pelvic inner margin, but falling in front of anal origin by about length of anal base. Most of clasper except dorsal surface of glans covered with small clasper denticles with blunt, rounded crowns and no cusps. Exorhipidion, envelope and pseudopera absent, clasper groove open. Rhipidion present and very large, extending over most of length of clasper glans, formed as a flat, convex-edged blade with posterior end far behind cover rhipidion. Cover rhipidion very low, hardly differentiated from medial edge of clasper groove, extending from apopyle to apex of rhipidion. Pseudosiphon very short and slit-like, extending opposite the posteriormost third of the cover rhipidion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB0E3354EAE1D880309C08C" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
First dorsal fin high, apically narrow and falcate; anterior margin basally concave and distally convex; apex narrowly rounded (moderately rounded in 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB0E3354C801DAE017DC1B3" box="[747,853,190,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
CSIRO H 6817–02); posterior margin slightly convex near apex, nearly straight for most of upper two thirds, then broadly concave; free rear tip acutely pointed, inner margin nearly straight; origin about level or slightly anterior to free rear tips of pectorals, midpoint of base 1.62 (1.26–1.55) times closer to pectoral insertions than pelvic origins; insertion and free rear tip well anterior to pelvic origins; insertion over or slightly posterior to level of dorsal apex; base 2.50 (2.08–2.71) in interdorsal space, 2.09 (1.96–2.38) in dorsal caudal margin; first dorsal height 1.15 (1.04–1.23) in first dorsal base; first dorsal inner margin 2.11 (2.07–2.28) in first dorsal height, 2.42 (2.29–2.62) in first dorsal base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB0E3354EAE1CE4030AC228" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
Second dorsal fin high, apically narrow and falcate, slightly smaller than first dorsal fin; height 1.28 (1.23–1.34) in first dorsal-fin height, base 0.90 (0.86–0.98) of first dorsal-fin base; anterior margin basally concave and apically convex; apex narrowly rounded (moderately rounded in 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB0E3354A531F5106B6C330" box="[1080,1182,577,603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
CSIRO H 6817–02); posterior margin slightly convex near apex, nearly straight for most of upper two thirds, then broadly concave; free rear tip acutely pointed, inner margin straight or very slightly concave; free rear tip extending slightly behind anal free rear tip but far in front of upper caudal-fin origin; insertion over or slightly posterior to fin apex; base 1.30 (1.12–1.37) in dorsocaudal space, second dorsal height 1.32 (1.20–1.39) in second dorsal base, second dorsal inner margin 2.27 (1.94–2.27) in second dorsal height and 2.99 (2.33–2.85) in second dorsal base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB0E3354EAE1E400742C513" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Anal fin low, apically narrow, semi-falcate, and much smaller than second dorsal; height 0.48 (0.46–0.59) times second dorsal-fin height, anal base 0.83 (0.73–0.85) times second dorsal-fin base; anterior margin concave basally and distally convex; apex narrowly rounded to somewhat angular; posterior margin broadly to deeply concave; free rear tip acutely pointed, well in front of lower caudal origin, inner margin nearly straight; base with short, very low preanal ridges less than 1/3 of rest of base; origin slightly behind second dorsal origin by 0.18 (0.21–0.30) of second dorsal base; insertion slightly behind or opposite second dorsal insertion and slightly anterior to apex; base 1.24 (1.14–1.63) in anal–caudal space, anal height 2.26 (1.83–2.24) in anal base, anal inner margin 1.35 (1.26–1.69) in anal height, 3.05 (2.67–3.20) in anal base.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB0E3354EAE199507ACC4BE" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Caudal fin narrow-lobed and asymmetrical, with short terminal lobe and prominent ventral lobe at all stages; falcate; relatively short, dorsal caudal margin 3.85 (3.63–3.93) in precaudal length; preventral caudal margin 2.25 (2.13–2.45) and terminal lobe length 2.66 (2.59–2.74) in dorsal caudal margin, subterminal margin 1.84 (1.42–1.90) in terminal margin; dorsal caudal margin proximally and distally convex, and mesially concave, without lateral undulations; preventral margin basally straight or concave and apically convex, tip of ventral caudal lobe narrowly rounded to pointed, lower postventral margin nearly straight to slightly concave, upper convex, notch between postventral margins forming angle of 98 (94–115)°; subterminal notch a narrow, deep slot; subterminal margin straight to very slightly concave, terminal margin slightly concave, lobe formed by these margins bluntly angular; tip narrowly rounded to somewhat pointed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB0E3354EAE18F106DFC788" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
Vertebral counts and ratios listed for 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB0E3354C1F18F100F2C490" box="[628,730,1505,1531]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 8 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB0E3354D4218F101B1C490" box="[809,921,1505,1531]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in Table 2 and summarised as follows: total counts (TC) 147 (143–160), precaudal (PC) counts 109 (105–122), monospondylous precaudal (MP) centra 38 (35–38), diplospondylous precaudal (DP) centra 59 (55–67), diplospondylous caudal (DC) centra 50 (48–57). MP counts 25.9 (22.9–26.6)%, DP counts 40.1 (38.5–41.9)%, and DC counts 34.0 (33.3–35.8)% of TC counts. Ratios of DP/MP counts 1.6 (1.4–1.8), DC/MP counts 1.3 (1.3–1.5). Transition between MP and DP centra over pelvic bases and one or two centra behind pelvic girdle. Last few MP centra before MP–DP transition moderately enlarged, not forming a ‘stutter zone’ of alternating long and short centra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB0E3364EAE1BE001E9C68B" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,1024,2016]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
Chondrocranium studied by dissection of a 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB0E3354CA31BE00105C661" box="[712,813,1776,1802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(CSIRO H 6817–01) and checked on radiographs of other specimens. Rostral cartilages elongated, slender, cylindrical-compressed, and not hypercalcified in adults. Medial rostral cartilage 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB3E3364C651910007AC571" box="[526,594,1024,1050]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="2.2">2.2 in</quantity>
nasobasal length (NBL, length 46% NBL), distance between bases of lateral rostral cartilages 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB3E3364FA919360021C52B" box="[450,521,1062,1088]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="1.7">1.7 in</quantity>
medial rostral cartilage. Medial rostral cartilage narrow-based and arched dorsally, lateral rostrals horizontal. Rostral node formed as a broad anteriorly divergent plate with a rostral fenestra. Nasal capsules large, high, transversely elliptical and somewhat wider than long, width across them 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB3E3364EFC198A02F2C5DF" box="[151,218,1178,1204]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="1.3">1.3 in</quantity>
NBL (75% NBL), length of capsule 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB3E3364CE5198A00F9C5DF" box="[654,721,1178,1204]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="1.2">1.2 in</quantity>
its width. Anterior margins of nasal capsules nearly straight, transverse to the cranial axis. Nasal apertures on ventrolateral faces of capsules, separated from large nasal fontanelles by a broad channel. Ectethmoid chambers inside nasal cavities, at posterior edges of nasal fontanelles and not visible ventrally. Subnasal plate in the form of irregular medial extensions of the lateral capsule wall, and broad lateral extensions of the narrow, high internasal septum bordering the wide nasal fontanelles. Strong ectethmoid condyles on posteroventral edges of nasal capsules, separated by a broad arcuate subnasal fenestra. Anterior fontanelle transversely oval, length about 1.2 times in its width and about 
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NBL (23% NBL). Dorsal lip of fontanelle not flared but with an epiphysial notch. Cranial roof broadly arched, about level with supraorbital crests but not dome-like. Parietal fossa deep. Orbital notches deep. Basal plate nearly flat from orbital notches to occipital centrum, without keels. Internal carotid foramina slightly closer to each other than to the stapedial foramina. Edge of supraorbital crests deeply arcuate in dorsal view, with short, prominent triangular preorbital processes and laterally directed, ventrally hooked, triangular postorbital processes. Width across preorbital processes 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB3E3364D2D1B7A01A4C7EF" box="[838,908,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5559999999999996" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="1.4">1.4 in</quantity>
NBL (71% NBL), width across postorbital processes 
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NBL (77% NBL), least width across supraorbital crests 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB3E3364A491B810642C7C0" box="[1058,1130,1681,1707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="1.8">1.8 in</quantity>
width across postorbital processes. Orbits horizontally subrectangular in lateral view. No ledge between suborbital shelves and nasal capsules. Suborbital shelves broadly convex, extending well lateral to the supraorbital crests in dorsal view. Width across suborbital shelves 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB3E3364C791A15007EC674" box="[530,598,1797,1823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="1.5">1.5 in</quantity>
NBL (65% NBL). Otic capsules not greatly expanded or inflated, their lengths about 
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NBL (29% NBL) and greatest width across them 2.0 in NBL (50% NBL). Sphenopterotic ridges diagonally arched in dorsal view, without a distinct pterotic horn in lateral view. Opisthotic ridges high, extending laterally to edges of sphenopterotic ridges. Hyomandibular facets large, wedge-shaped, extending across rear half length of otic capsules and slightly exserted posteriorly. Occipital condyles broad and slightly exserted from occiput, with a single occipital centrum between them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB3E3364EFC1D870741C2D2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<table id="F956C446FFB31CC34EFC1D8707A8C2D2" box="[151,1408,151,953]" gridcols="8" gridrows="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1D8707A8C1C4" box="[151,1408,151,175]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1D87035AC1C4" box="[151,370,151,175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB3E3364EFC1D870320C1C4" bold="true" box="[151,264,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Vertebral
</th>
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121D8703C3C1C4" box="[377,491,151,175]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">counts and</th>
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991D87007BC1C4" box="[498,595,151,175]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">ratios for</th>
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311D87010FC1C4" box="[602,807,151,175]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">the holotype (MZB</th>
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451D870151C1C4" box="[814,889,151,175]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">16672)</th>
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1D87066CC1C4" box="[896,1092,151,175]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">and 8 paratypes of</th>
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201D8706E1C1C4" box="[1099,1225,151,175]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB3E3364A201D8806E1C1C4" box="[1099,1225,152,175]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB3E3364A201D8806E1C1C4" box="[1099,1225,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1D8707A8C1C4" box="[1232,1408,151,175]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB3E3364ABB1D88076CC1C4" box="[1232,1348,152,175]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB3E3364ABB1D88076CC1C4" box="[1232,1348,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1DDB07A8C08F" box="[151,1408,203,484]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1DDB035AC08F" box="[151,370,203,484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">16672 MZB Vertebrae:</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121DDB03C3C08F" box="[377,491,203,484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">05 – 5873 H CSIRO</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991DDB007BC08F" box="[498,595,203,484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">01 – 6817 H CSIRO</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311DDB010FC08F" box="[602,807,203,484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">02 03 – – 6817 6817 H H CSIRO CSIRO</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451DDB0151C08F" box="[814,889,203,484]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">) 1 (01 – 6818 H CSIRO</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1DDB066CC08F" box="[896,1092,203,484]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">)) 2 3 ((01 01 – – 6818 6818 H H CSIRO CSIRO</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201DDB06E1C08F" box="[1099,1225,203,484]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">01 – 6819 H CSIRO</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1DDB07A8C08F" box="[1232,1408,203,484]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Min. Max.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1CE807A8C364" box="[151,1408,504,527]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1CE8035AC364" box="[151,370,504,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">MP 38</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121CE803C3C364" box="[377,491,504,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">35</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991CE8007BC364" box="[498,595,504,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">37</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311CE8010FC364" box="[602,807,504,527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">37 38</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451CE80151C364" box="[814,889,504,527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">38</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1CE8066CC364" box="[896,1092,504,527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">38 37</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201CE806E1C364" box="[1099,1225,504,527]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">36</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1CE807A8C364" box="[1232,1408,504,527]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">35 38</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1F3207A8C352" box="[151,1408,546,569]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1F32035AC352" box="[151,370,546,569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">DP 59</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121F3203C3C352" box="[377,491,546,569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">62</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991F32007BC352" box="[498,595,546,569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">60</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311F32010FC352" box="[602,807,546,569]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">59 55</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451F320151C352" box="[814,889,546,569]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">64</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1F32066CC352" box="[896,1092,546,569]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">67 65</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201F3206E1C352" box="[1099,1225,546,569]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">61</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1F3207A8C352" box="[1232,1408,546,569]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">55 67</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1F5D07A8C30F" box="[151,1408,589,612]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1F5D035AC30F" box="[151,370,589,612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">DC 50</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121F5D03C3C30F" box="[377,491,589,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">53</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991F5D007BC30F" box="[498,595,589,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">53</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311F5D010FC30F" box="[602,807,589,612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">48 50</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451F5D0151C30F" box="[814,889,589,612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">57</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1F5D066CC30F" box="[896,1092,589,612]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">55 55</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201F5D06E1C30F" box="[1099,1225,589,612]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">52</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1F5D07A8C30F" box="[1232,1408,589,612]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">48 57</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1F6807A8C3E4" box="[151,1408,632,655]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1F68035AC3E4" box="[151,370,632,655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">PC 109</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121F6803C3C3E4" box="[377,491,632,655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">115</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991F68007BC3E4" box="[498,595,632,655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">113</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311F68010FC3E4" box="[602,807,632,655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">107 105</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451F680151C3E4" box="[814,889,632,655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">121</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1F68066CC3E4" box="[896,1092,632,655]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">122 120</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201F6806E1C3E4" box="[1099,1225,632,655]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">113</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1F6807A8C3E4" box="[1232,1408,632,655]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">105 122</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1FB207A8C3D2" box="[151,1408,674,697]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1FB2035AC3D2" box="[151,370,674,697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">TC 147</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121FB203C3C3D2" box="[377,491,674,697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">153</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991FB2007BC3D2" box="[498,595,674,697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">150</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311FB2010FC3D2" box="[602,807,674,697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">144 143</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451FB20151C3D2" box="[814,889,674,697]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">159</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1FB2066CC3D2" box="[896,1092,674,697]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">160 157</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201FB206E1C3D2" box="[1099,1225,674,697]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">149</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1FB207A8C3D2" box="[1232,1408,674,697]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">143 160</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1FDD07A8C38F" box="[151,1408,717,740]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1FDD035AC38F" box="[151,370,717,740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">%MP 25.9</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121FDD03C3C38F" box="[377,491,717,740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">22.9</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991FDD007BC38F" box="[498,595,717,740]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">24.7</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311FDD010FC38F" box="[602,807,717,740]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">25.7 26.6</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451FDD0151C38F" box="[814,889,717,740]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">23.9</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1FDD066CC38F" box="[896,1092,717,740]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">23.8 23.6</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201FDD06E1C38F" box="[1099,1225,717,740]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">24.2</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1FDD07A8C38F" box="[1232,1408,717,740]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">22.9 26.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1FE807A8C264" box="[151,1408,760,783]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1FE8035AC264" box="[151,370,760,783]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">%DP 40.1</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121FE803C3C264" box="[377,491,760,783]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">40.5</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991FE8007BC264" box="[498,595,760,783]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">40.0</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311FE8010FC264" box="[602,807,760,783]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">41.0 38.5</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451FE80151C264" box="[814,889,760,783]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">40.3</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1FE8066CC264" box="[896,1092,760,783]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">41.9 41.4</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201FE806E1C264" box="[1099,1225,760,783]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">40.9</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1FE807A8C264" box="[1232,1408,760,783]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">38.5 41.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1E3207A8C252" box="[151,1408,802,825]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1E32035AC252" box="[151,370,802,825]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">%DC 34.0</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121E3203C3C252" box="[377,491,802,825]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">34.6</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991E32007BC252" box="[498,595,802,825]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">35.3</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311E32010FC252" box="[602,807,802,825]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">33.3 35.0</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451E320151C252" box="[814,889,802,825]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">35.8</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1E32066CC252" box="[896,1092,802,825]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">34.4 35.0</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201E3206E1C252" box="[1099,1225,802,825]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">34.9</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1E3207A8C252" box="[1232,1408,802,825]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">33.3 35.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1E5D07A8C20F" box="[151,1408,845,868]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1E5D035AC20F" box="[151,370,845,868]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">%PC 74.1</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121E5D03C3C20F" box="[377,491,845,868]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">75.2</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991E5D007BC20F" box="[498,595,845,868]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">75.3</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311E5D010FC20F" box="[602,807,845,868]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">74.3 73.4</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451E5D0151C20F" box="[814,889,845,868]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">76.1</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1E5D066CC20F" box="[896,1092,845,868]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">76.3 76.4</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201E5D06E1C20F" box="[1099,1225,845,868]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">75.8</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1E5D07A8C20F" box="[1232,1408,845,868]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">73.4 76.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1E6807A8C2E4" box="[151,1408,888,911]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1E68035AC2E4" box="[151,370,888,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">DP/MP 1.6</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121E6803C3C2E4" box="[377,491,888,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.8</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991E68007BC2E4" box="[498,595,888,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.6</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311E68010FC2E4" box="[602,807,888,911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.6 1.4</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451E680151C2E4" box="[814,889,888,911]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.7</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1E68066CC2E4" box="[896,1092,888,911]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.8 1.8</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201E6806E1C2E4" box="[1099,1225,888,911]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.7</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1E6807A8C2E4" box="[1232,1408,888,911]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.4 1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356634A4FFB31CC34EFC1EB207A8C2D2" box="[151,1408,930,953]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34EFC1EB2035AC2D2" box="[151,370,930,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">DC/MP 1.3</th>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F121EB203C3C2D2" box="[377,491,930,953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.5</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34F991EB2007BC2D2" box="[498,595,930,953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.4</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34C311EB2010FC2D2" box="[602,807,930,953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.3 1.3</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34D451EB20151C2D2" box="[814,889,930,953]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.5</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34DEB1EB2066CC2D2" box="[896,1092,930,953]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.4 1.5</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34A201EB206E1C2D2" box="[1099,1225,930,953]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.4</td>
<td id="76B75DD8FFB31CC34ABB1EB207A8C2D2" box="[1232,1408,930,953]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">1.3 1.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF29666EFFB2E3374EFC1B28018CC69B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187885/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[284,1303,197,1569]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB2E3374EFC1B28018CC69B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1592,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB2E3374EFC1B280336C73B" bold="true" box="[151,286,1592,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB2E3374F4E1B29000FC73B" box="[293,551,1593,1616]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB2E3374F4E1B29000FC73B" box="[293,551,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Hemitriakis indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A211578FFFB2E3374C441B2800A0C73B" box="[559,648,1592,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB2E3374C441B2800A0C73B" bold="true" box="[559,648,1592,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
chondrocrania from CSIRO H 6817-01, female 656 mm TL: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 cm. Abbreviations: AF—anterior fontanelle; ASC —anterior semicircular canal; BP—basal plate; CF—internal carotid foramen; ECN—ectethemoid condyle; EPN—epiphysial notch; FCV—foramen for anterior cerebral vein; FEN—endolymphatic foramen; FES—foramen for efferent spiracular artery; FM—foramen magnum; FOC—foramen for superficial ophthalmic nerve; FPC, FPE and FPI—cranial, external and orbital foramina of deep ophthalmic nerve; FPN —perilymphatic foramen; FII—optic nerve foramen; FIII—oculomotor nerve foramen; FIV—trochlear nerve foramen; FIX—glossopharyngeal nerve foramen; FX—vagus nerve foramen; HF—hyomandibular facet; IOC —interorbital canal; LR—lateral rostral cartilage; MR—medial rostral cartilage; NA—nasal aperture; NC— nasal capsule; NF—nasal fontanelle; NP—orbital notch; O—orbit; OC—occipital condyle; OCN—occipital centrum; ONF—orbitonasal foramen; OR—opisthotic ridge; ORF—orbital fissure; OT—otic capsule; PC— preorbital canal; PR—preorbital process; PRF—parietal fossa; PSC—posterior semicircular canal; PT—postorbital process; RF— rostral fenestra; RN—rostral node; SC—supraorbital crest; SEF—subethmoid fossa; SF—stapedial foramen; SR—sphenopterotic ridge; SS—suborbital shelf.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF29666EFFB5E3304EFC1B7903D1C645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187886/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[250,1357,193,1610]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB5E3304EFC1B7903D1C645" blockId="12.[151,1437,1641,1838]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304EFC1B790301C7EA" bold="true" box="[151,297,1641,1665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Lateral view of late-term embryos of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB5E3304D671B7A01B4C7EA" box="[780,924,1642,1665]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304D671B7A01B4C7EA" box="[780,924,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species: A, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB5E3304A501B7A0719C7EA" box="[1083,1329,1642,1665]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complicofasciata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304A501B7A0719C7EA" box="[1083,1329,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">H. complicofasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, OCA-P 20010218–01–E1, male 243 mm TL (from Takahashi &amp; Nakaya, 2004); B, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB5E3304DB51B9D067FC7CF" box="[990,1111,1677,1700]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304DB51B9D067FC7CF" box="[990,1111,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">H. fasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, WAM P 26274–007, female paratype 258 mm TL (from Compagno &amp; Stevens, 1993); C, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB5E3304D441BBF01EEC7AD" box="[815,966,1711,1734]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304D441BBF01EEC7AD" box="[815,966,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304DA61BBF060CC7AC" bold="true" box="[973,1060,1711,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A211578FFFB5E3304DA61BBF060CC7AC" box="[973,1060,1711,1735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, CSIRO H 6818–01 (1 of 3), male ~260 mm TL; D, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB5E3304F3D1BC203FCC782" box="[342,468,1746,1769]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304F3D1BC203FCC782" box="[342,468,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CAS Acc. 1971–VII, female 222 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); E, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB5E3304ABC1BC207BDC782" box="[1239,1429,1746,1769]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoperiptera">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304ABC1BC207BDC782" box="[1239,1429,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">H. leucoperiptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SU–27118, male 169 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); F. 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304D6B1BE50133C667" box="[768,795,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">H.</emphasis>
sp. A [
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304D031BE5018BC667" box="[872,931,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">sensu</emphasis>
Compagno 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304A4E1BE50673C667" box="[1061,1115,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005] SU 40097, female 180 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB5E3314EFC1A6F034EC3A9" blockId="12.[151,1436,1919,2020]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,2020]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB5E3304EFC1A6F02DBC6F2" bold="true" box="[151,243,1919,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Colour.</emphasis>
In alcohol: larger 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB5E3304FA51A6F0024C6F2" box="[462,524,1919,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">types</typeStatus>
(&gt; 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB5E3304C451A6F0050C6F2" box="[558,632,1919,1945]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="55.0">55 cm</quantity>
TL) are greyish-brown above, lighter below, with prominent whitetipped dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins. Dorsal and pectoral fins with white apical region which extends along posterior margin becoming narrower towards the free rear tip; abruptly dusky below their white tips which highlights these markings. Pelvic and anal fins with less well demarcated white margins, but still evident. Caudal fin with white apical region on lower ventral lobe, extending as a narrow margin along postventral margins; subterminal margin dusky anteriorly, white-tipped apically; terminal margin white-edged for lower half to two thirds; tip distinctly blackish, extending as a blackish margin down dorsal third to half of terminal margin. 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB4E3314F091C3D03E0C02C" box="[354,456,301,327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
CSIRO H 6817–02 (
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB4E3314CA81C3D010FC02C" box="[707,807,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.97" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="497.0">497 mm</quantity>
TL) with more prominent dusky margins on fins and with faint dark bars and blotches evident on dorsal and lateral surfaces of head and body (
<figureCitation id="136D2A63FFB4E3314AD71C420728C007" box="[1212,1280,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[158,262,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[167,1418,278,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,266,1365]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lateral view of Hemitriakis indroyonoi sp. nov.: A, holotype MZB 16672, immature male 696 mm TL; B, not retained, adult male 970 mm TL; C, paratype CSIRO H 6817 – 02, female 497 mm TL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187882/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
c). Late-term embryos with a consistent, bold colour pattern of dark brownish bars and rings on a pale brown background; pattern dominated by a series of somewhat complicated saddle markings, each made of medium brown bars with narrow, dark brown edges; 10 saddle markings evident between snout and tail tip, 1st over eyes, 2nd and 3rd predorsal, 4th and 7th below dorsal fins, 5th and 6th over interdorsal region, 8th at caudal-fin origin and last two on caudal fin upper lobe; a series of rings and short bars present on snout tip anterior to eyes, below and just posterior to spiracles, along body below lateral midline and between saddles on caudal fin; dorsal fins with dark markings including a dark central blotch (sometimes formed as a ring); pectoral fins with a dark ring marking distally and sometimes with other dark markings basally; caudal-fin terminal lobe with a dark ring or blotch terminally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB4E3314EAE1FDD073CC2E9" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314EAE1FDD0328C38C" bold="true" box="[197,256,717,743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Size.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB4E3314F621FDD036DC38C" box="[265,325,717,743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
material ranged from late-term embryos 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB4E3314D511FDD01F1C38C" box="[826,985,717,743]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.78" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="219.0" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="178.0">178–260 mm</quantity>
TL, to an adult male of 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB4E3314B6F1FDD074FC38C" box="[1284,1383,717,743]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.47" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="947.0">947 mm</quantity>
TL. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314EFC1FE4031FC265" author="White" box="[151,311,756,782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="White, W. T. (2007) Aspects of the biology of carcharhiniform sharks in Indonesian waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87, 1269 - 1275." type="journal article" year="2007">White (2007)</bibRefCitation>
reported basic biological data for 380 individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314DD11FE40648C266" box="[954,1120,756,781]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314DD11FE40648C266" box="[954,1120,756,781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314AFF1FE40699C266" box="[1172,1201,756,781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H.</emphasis>
sp. 1): females and males ranged from 506–1152 and 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB4E3314C5E1E0B00CCC25E" box="[565,740,795,821]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.72" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.4399999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="872.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="544.0">544–1200 mm</quantity>
TL, respectively; males mature at ~ 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB4E3314AF01E0B0728C25E" box="[1179,1280,795,821]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="900.0">900 mm</quantity>
TL; females have litters of 6–11; reproductive mode is viviparous, with histotrophy (no yolk-sac placenta); size at birth ~ 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB4E3314ECE1E78036AC2E9" box="[165,322,872,898]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="290.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="280.0">280–300 mm</quantity>
TL. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314F171E780031C2E9" author="White" box="[380,537,872,898]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="White, W. T. (2007) Aspects of the biology of carcharhiniform sharks in Indonesian waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87, 1269 - 1275." type="journal article" year="2007">White (2007)</bibRefCitation>
also provides length-weight relationships for females and males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C656DFFB4E3314EAE1E9F00B8C29D" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB4E3314EAE1E9F00B8C29D" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314EAE1E9F034DC2C2" bold="true" box="[197,357,911,937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from off the islands of Bali and Lombok in eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3417676FFB4E3314A0E1E9F06F3C2C2" box="[1125,1243,911,937]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. No information on capture depth is known but typically caught with squalid dogsharks (
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314D8D1EA6066BC2A4" box="[998,1091,950,975]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314D8D1EA6066BC2A4" box="[998,1091,950,975]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Squalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) so presumably occurring on the outer continental shelf and upper slope.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C656DFFB4E3314EAE191203A2C4AD" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB4E3314EAE191203D6C501" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314EAE1912037AC577" bold="true" box="[197,338,1026,1052]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honour of Dr Indroyono Soesilo, who has provided a great deal of support for shark research in 
<collectingCountry id="F3417676FFB4E3314F48193A03B0C52F" box="[291,408,1066,1092]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and was a strong advocate for the production of the field guide to sharks and rays of 
<collectingCountry id="F3417676FFB4E3314EFC19400321C501" box="[151,265,1104,1130]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314F73194003DAC501" author="White" box="[280,498,1104,1130]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="White, W. T., Last, P. R., Stevens, J. D., Yearsley, G. K., Fahmi &amp; Dharmadi (2006) Economically Important Sharks and Rays of Indonesia. ACIAR Monograph Series, No 124, ACIAR Publishing, Canberra, 329 pp." type="book" year="2006">
White 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314F02194103B4C501" box="[361,412,1105,1130]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB4E3314EAE196703A2C4AD" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314EAE1967035BC5FA" bold="true" box="[197,371,1143,1169]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Comparisons.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314F1019670063C5FA" author="Compagno" box="[379,587,1143,1169]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1970) Systematics of the genus Hemitriakis (Selachii: Carcharhinidae), and related genera. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4), 38, 63 - 98." type="journal article" year="1970">Compagno (1970</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314C3C196700BDC5FA" author="Compagno" box="[599,661,1143,1169]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1979) Carcharhinoid sharks: morphology, systematics and phylogeny. Unpubl. Ph. D. Thesis, Stanford University, 932 pp." type="book" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314CC9196700C8C5FA" author="Compagno" box="[674,736,1143,1169]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4, Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125. vol. 4, pt. 1 (noncarcharhinoids), pp. viii, 1 - 250, pt. 2 (Carcharhiniformes), pp. x, 251 - 655." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314C8719670100C5FA" author="Compagno" box="[748,808,1143,1169]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. The Blackburn Press, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
) noted that 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314DDD19670669C5FB" box="[950,1089,1143,1168]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314DDD19670669C5FB" box="[950,1089,1143,1168]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished from other triakid genera but that the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314CA8198E0172C5DC" box="[707,858,1182,1207]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314CA8198E0172C5DC" box="[707,858,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphologically very similar in external appearance. Subtle differences in external morphology between these species are masked by inadequate series of specimens, by considerable growth changes in proportions and fin and body shape between juveniles and adults, and by considerable variation in some characters within individuals of the same maturity class. There are few morphometric and external morphological characters that separate the species in our limited sample. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314EFC184F03C4C412" author="Compagno" box="[151,492,1375,1401]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; Stevens, J. D. (1993) Hemitriakis falcata n. sp. and H. abdita n. sp., two new houndsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 45, 195 - 220." type="journal article" year="1993">Compagno &amp; Stevens (1993)</bibRefCitation>
provide detailed morphometrics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314DE4184F062BC413" box="[911,1027,1375,1400]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314DE4184F062BC413" box="[911,1027,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314A79184F06A8C413" box="[1042,1152,1375,1400]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314A79184F06A8C413" box="[1042,1152,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. abdita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314AE5184F0730C413" box="[1166,1304,1375,1400]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314AE5184F0730C413" box="[1166,1304,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a New Caledonian 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314F58189603E4C4F4" box="[307,460,1414,1439]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314F58189603E4C4F4" box="[307,460,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314C7D189601AEC4CB" author="Takahashi" box="[534,902,1414,1440]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Takahashi, M. &amp; Nakaya, K. (2004) Hemitriakis complicofasciata, a new whitefin topeshark (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) from Japan. Ichthyological Research, 51, 248 - 255." type="journal article" year="2004">Takahashi &amp; Nakaya (2004)</bibRefCitation>
also provide detailed morphometrics for 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314EFC18BC03ABC4AE" box="[151,387,1452,1478]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complicofasciata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314EFC18BC0284C4AE" box="[151,172,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314ED018BC03ABC4AE" box="[187,387,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">complicofasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C656DFFB4E3324EAE18C301F7C35F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB4E3314EAE18C3076CC61B" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
The 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314E9018C303AFC487" ID-CoL="4VG9" box="[251,391,1491,1516]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314E9018C303AFC487" box="[251,391,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are most clearly separable by vertebral counts, as are certain other triakids and some carcharhinids which are externally similar but differ sharply in numbers of vertebrae and in ratios of vertebral groups. For example, closely related 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314C881B31017CC751" ID-CoL="63CQ9" box="[739,852,1569,1594]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Mustelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314C881B31017CC751" box="[739,852,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Mustelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="F3417676FFB4E3314A1E1B3006FBC751" box="[1141,1235,1568,1594]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and the Gulf of California (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314F771B5703F3C70A" author="Heemstra" box="[284,475,1607,1633]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Heemstra, P. C. (1973) A revision of the shark genus Mustelus (Squaliformes: Carcharhinidae). Unpubl. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Miami, 187 pp." type="book" year="1973">Heemstra, 1973</bibRefCitation>
), sympatric species pairs within 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314D331B5701D1C70B" ID-CoL="3HC4" box="[856,1017,1607,1632]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314D331B5701D1C70B" box="[856,1017,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Carcharhinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314A371B570738C70B" ID-CoL="R3MP" box="[1116,1296,1607,1632]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314A371B570738C70B" box="[1116,1296,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">C. amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314B441B5707B4C70B" ID-CoL="R3NW" box="[1327,1436,1607,1632]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucas">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314B441B5707B4C70B" box="[1327,1436,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">C. leucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314EA01B7E035DC7EC" ID-CoL="R3NB" box="[203,373,1646,1671]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314EA01B7E035DC7EC" box="[203,373,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">C. dussumieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314FFC1B7E00E5C7E3" ID-CoL="R3QJ" authority="Garrick, 1982" authorityName="Garrick" authorityYear="1982" box="[407,717,1646,1672]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sealei">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314FFC1B7E002CC7EC" box="[407,516,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">C. sealei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314C7F1B7E00ECC7E3" author="Garrick" box="[532,708,1646,1672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular 445, 194 pp." type="book" year="1982">Garrick, 1982</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and some allopatric species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314A3D1B7E02F7C7C5" ID-CoL="78ZB" authority="Springer, 1964" authorityName="Springer" authorityYear="1964" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Rhizoprionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314A3D1B7E0732C7EC" box="[1110,1306,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Rhizoprionodon</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314B401B7E02FEC7C5" author="Springer" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Springer, V. G. (1964) A revision of the carcharhinid shark genera Scoliodon, Loxodon, and Rhizoprionodon. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 115, 559 - 632." type="journal article" year="1964">Springer, 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314E801B8403E0C7C6" ID-CoL="6LR2X" box="[235,456,1684,1709]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314E801B8403E0C7C6" box="[235,456,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Hemitriakis abdita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314C681B8400D9C7C6" ID-CoL="3KTLV" box="[515,753,1684,1709]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complicofasciata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314C681B8400D9C7C6" box="[515,753,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. complicofasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly separable from other members of the genus in having higher vertebral counts, 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314C621BAB0005C7BF" box="[521,557,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">i.e.</emphasis>
precaudal counts 124–131 vs. 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB4E3314DFD1BAB0632C7BE" box="[918,1050,1723,1749]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8320999999999996" metricValueMax="3.0987999999999998" metricValueMin="2.5654000000000003" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="in" value="111.5" valueMax="122.0" valueMin="101.0">101–122 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314A4A1BAB076FC7BF" box="[1057,1351,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314A4A1BAB06B2C7BF" ID-CoL="3KTLW" box="[1057,1178,1723,1748]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">H. falcata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314ACE1BAB076FC7BF" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[1189,1351,1723,1748]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">H. indroyonoi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314B141BAB032EC790" ID-CoL="3KTLY" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314B141BAB032EC790" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB4E3314F261BF20396C797" box="[333,446,1762,1788]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="2.4384" metricValueMin="2.3876" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" unit="in" value="95.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="94.0">94–96 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314FAD1BF2008EC790" ID-CoL="3KTM2" box="[454,678,1762,1787]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoperiptera">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314FAD1BF2008EC790" box="[454,678,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. leucoperiptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314CD31BF2060BC797" author="Compagno" box="[696,1059,1762,1788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; Stevens, J. D. (1993) Hemitriakis falcata n. sp. and H. abdita n. sp., two new houndsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 45, 195 - 220." type="journal article" year="1993">Compagno &amp; Stevens, 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314A5A1BF207B8C797" author="Takahashi" box="[1073,1424,1762,1788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Takahashi, M. &amp; Nakaya, K. (2004) Hemitriakis complicofasciata, a new whitefin topeshark (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) from Japan. Ichthyological Research, 51, 248 - 255." type="journal article" year="2004">Takahashi &amp; Nakaya, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314F791A190392C649" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[274,442,1801,1826]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314F791A190392C649" box="[274,442,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314F9C1A1900AFC649" ID-CoL="3KTLY" box="[503,647,1801,1826]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314F9C1A1900AFC649" box="[503,647,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have similar precaudal and total vertebral counts, they do differ slightly in number of monospondylous centra, 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314CD11A3F00F6C623" box="[698,734,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">i.e.</emphasis>
35–38 vs. 39–43, respectively. 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314A241A3F071BC623" ID-CoL="3KTLW" box="[1103,1331,1839,1864]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314A241A3F071BC623" box="[1103,1331,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Hemitriakis falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has very similar vertebral counts to 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314FBA1A46005CC604" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[465,628,1878,1903]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314FBA1A46005CC604" box="[465,628,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but on average has more caudal centra (mean 57.6 vs. 52.6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB4E3324EAE1A6C012CC08C" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2020]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">
Young 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314F4B1A6C039EC6FE" ID-CoL="4VG9" box="[288,438,1916,1941]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314F4B1A6C039EC6FE" box="[288,438,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more boldly patterned than adults, as in many other carcharhinoid sharks (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB4E3314EF41AB30346C6D6" author="Compagno" box="[159,366,1955,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. The Blackburn Press, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988">Compagno, 1988</bibRefCitation>
), but juvenile colour patterns differ greatly between some species. Young 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314AB81AB30775C6D7" ID-CoL="3KTLY" box="[1235,1373,1955,1980]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314AB81AB30775C6D7" box="[1235,1373,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a dark upper terminal tip (
<figureCitation id="136D2A63FFB4E3314F8E1ADA0018C68F" box="[485,560,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[250,1357,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[233,1369,190,1614]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral view of late-term embryos of Hemitriakis species: A, H. complicofasciata, OCA-P 20010218 – 01 – E 1, male 243 mm TL (from Takahashi &amp; Nakaya, 2004); B, H. fasciata, WAM P 26274 – 007, female paratype 258 mm TL (from Compagno &amp; Stevens, 1993); C, H. indroyonoi sp. nov., CSIRO H 6818 – 01 (1 of 3), male ~ 260 mm TL; D, H. japanica, CAS Acc. 1971 – VII, female 222 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); E, H. leucoperiptera, SU – 27118, male 169 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); F. H. sp. A [sensu Compagno et al., 2005] SU 40097, female 180 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187886/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
d) and young 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB4E3314C8A1ADA01E9C688" ID-CoL="3KTM2" box="[737,961,1994,2019]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoperiptera">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB4E3314C8A1ADA01E9C688" box="[737,961,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="54">H. leucoperiptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have obscure saddles on their caudal peduncles, and dusky epichordal caudal lobes and terminal lobe bases (
<figureCitation id="136D2A63FFB7E3324D811D88061AC1D9" box="[1002,1074,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[250,1357,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[233,1369,190,1614]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral view of late-term embryos of Hemitriakis species: A, H. complicofasciata, OCA-P 20010218 – 01 – E 1, male 243 mm TL (from Takahashi &amp; Nakaya, 2004); B, H. fasciata, WAM P 26274 – 007, female paratype 258 mm TL (from Compagno &amp; Stevens, 1993); C, H. indroyonoi sp. nov., CSIRO H 6818 – 01 (1 of 3), male ~ 260 mm TL; D, H. japanica, CAS Acc. 1971 – VII, female 222 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); E, H. leucoperiptera, SU – 27118, male 169 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); F. H. sp. A [sensu Compagno et al., 2005] SU 40097, female 180 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187886/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
e). Juvenile 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324AA81D88071CC1DA" ID-CoL="6LR2X" box="[1219,1332,152,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324AA81D88071CC1DA" box="[1219,1332,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. abdita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ in having a black snout tip and black bar on the underside of the snout and a dark bar beneath the eye. Young 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324B141DAF02C1C195" ID-CoL="3KTLW" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324B141DAF02C1C195" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a series of dusky saddles on back and over gills, dark spots or bars over eyes and on caudal fin margins (
<figureCitation id="136D2A63FFB7E3324F671C1C037FC04D" box="[268,343,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[250,1357,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[233,1369,190,1614]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral view of late-term embryos of Hemitriakis species: A, H. complicofasciata, OCA-P 20010218 – 01 – E 1, male 243 mm TL (from Takahashi &amp; Nakaya, 2004); B, H. fasciata, WAM P 26274 – 007, female paratype 258 mm TL (from Compagno &amp; Stevens, 1993); C, H. indroyonoi sp. nov., CSIRO H 6818 – 01 (1 of 3), male ~ 260 mm TL; D, H. japanica, CAS Acc. 1971 – VII, female 222 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); E, H. leucoperiptera, SU – 27118, male 169 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); F. H. sp. A [sensu Compagno et al., 2005] SU 40097, female 180 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187886/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
b). In strong contrast, young of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324C8C1C1C01C9C04E" ID-CoL="3KTLV" box="[743,993,268,293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complicofasciata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324C8C1C1C01C9C04E" box="[743,993,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. complicofasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324D981C1C06B7C04E" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[1011,1183,268,293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324D981C1C06B7C04E" box="[1011,1183,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324AB61C1C06D3C04E" box="[1245,1275,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H.</emphasis>
sp. A [
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324B331C1C07B5C04E" box="[1368,1437,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB7E3324EFC1C220380C027" author="Compagno" box="[151,424,306,332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. &amp; Fowler, S. (2005) A Field Guide to Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
Compagno 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324F741C220373C020" box="[287,347,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
] have a complicated pattern of bars, lines and rings over body and fins (
<figureCitation id="136D2A63FFB7E3324A951C220760C027" box="[1278,1352,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[250,1357,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[233,1369,190,1614]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral view of late-term embryos of Hemitriakis species: A, H. complicofasciata, OCA-P 20010218 – 01 – E 1, male 243 mm TL (from Takahashi &amp; Nakaya, 2004); B, H. fasciata, WAM P 26274 – 007, female paratype 258 mm TL (from Compagno &amp; Stevens, 1993); C, H. indroyonoi sp. nov., CSIRO H 6818 – 01 (1 of 3), male ~ 260 mm TL; D, H. japanica, CAS Acc. 1971 – VII, female 222 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); E, H. leucoperiptera, SU – 27118, male 169 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988); F. H. sp. A [sensu Compagno et al., 2005] SU 40097, female 180 mm TL (from Compagno, 1988)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187886/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Figs 5</figureCitation>
a, c, f). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB7E3324EFC1C4903CBC018" author="Takahashi" box="[151,483,345,371]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" refString="Takahashi, M. &amp; Nakaya, K. (2004) Hemitriakis complicofasciata, a new whitefin topeshark (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) from Japan. Ichthyological Research, 51, 248 - 255." type="journal article" year="2004">Takahashi &amp; Nakaya (2004)</bibRefCitation>
stated that late-term embryos and juveniles between 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324A331C4906DDC018" box="[1112,1269,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.945" metricValueMax="6.04" metricValueMin="3.85" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="494.5" valueMax="604.0" valueMin="385.0">385–604 mm</quantity>
TL possessed the complicated colour pattern. In contrast, this colour pattern appears to be less persistent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324A9B1C9007BCC0F2" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[1264,1428,384,409]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324A9B1C9007BCC0F2" box="[1264,1428,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a juvenile 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB7E3324F211CB60387C0AB" box="[330,431,422,448]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324FBE1CB6001EC0AB" box="[469,566,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.97" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="497.0">497 mm</quantity>
TL with only faint dark banding still evident, and without the complicated colour pattern of the late-term embryos (
<figureCitation id="136D2A63FFB7E3324C191CDD0091C08C" box="[626,697,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[158,262,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[167,1418,278,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,266,1365]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lateral view of Hemitriakis indroyonoi sp. nov.: A, holotype MZB 16672, immature male 696 mm TL; B, not retained, adult male 970 mm TL; C, paratype CSIRO H 6817 – 02, female 497 mm TL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187882/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Figs 1</figureCitation>
c, 5c).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB7E3324EAE1CE401F7C35F" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324EAE1CE403FEC366" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[197,470,500,525]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324EAE1CE403FEC366" box="[197,470,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Hemitriakis indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324C661CE400AAC366" ID-CoL="3KTLW" box="[525,642,500,525]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324C661CE400AAC366" box="[525,642,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a similar cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene structure, but they differ markedly from 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324FFE1F0A0008C358" ID-CoL="3KTLY" box="[405,544,538,563]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324FFE1F0A0008C358" box="[405,544,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3417676FFB7E3324C0D1F0A0094C35F" box="[614,700,538,564]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(B. Ward, unpubl. data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C656DFFB7E3324EAE1F510645C3A4" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB7E3324EAE1F510645C3A4" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324EAE1F5103FEC331" box="[197,470,577,602]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324EAE1F5103FEC331" box="[197,470,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Hemitriakis indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324D5F1F510181C331" box="[820,937,577,602]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324D5F1F510181C331" box="[820,937,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but they differ in the following characters (based on specimens&gt; 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324FC81F78002EC3E9" box="[419,518,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 mm</quantity>
TL; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB7E3324C291F7801BCC3E9" author="Compagno" box="[578,916,616,642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; Stevens, J. D. (1993) Hemitriakis falcata n. sp. and H. abdita n. sp., two new houndsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 45, 195 - 220." type="journal article" year="1993">Compagno &amp; Stevens, 1993</bibRefCitation>
): second dorsal fin taller (height 6.5–7.1 vs. 5.9–6.5% TL); slightly longer prenarial length 4.5–5.1 vs. 3.7–4.5% TL in 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324A771F9F06BAC3C3" box="[1052,1170,655,680]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324A771F9F06BAC3C3" box="[1052,1170,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; narrower eye (height 0.8–1.2 vs. 1.3–1.6% TL); slightly shorter mouth (length 1.9–2.2 vs. 2.2–2.6% TL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C656DFFB7E3324EAD1FCC00BEC5AD" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB7E3324EAD1FCC01E5C540" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324F291FCC03C3C39E" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[322,491,732,757]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324F291FCC03C3C39E" box="[322,491,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324C461FCC008BC39E" ID-CoL="3KTLW" box="[557,675,732,757]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324C461FCC008BC39E" box="[557,675,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar in morphology and meristics, they do differ significantly in size. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB7E3324FE01E1200C9C277" author="Compagno" box="[395,737,770,796]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; Stevens, J. D. (1993) Hemitriakis falcata n. sp. and H. abdita n. sp., two new houndsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 45, 195 - 220." type="journal article" year="1993">Compagno &amp; Stevens (1993)</bibRefCitation>
examined seven adult males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324A321E1206E6C270" ID-CoL="3KTLW" box="[1113,1230,770,795]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324A321E1206E6C270" box="[1113,1230,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
between 695 and 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324EFC1E3902D2C228" box="[151,250,809,835]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7299999999999995" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="773.0">773 mm</quantity>
TL, whereas 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB7E3324FCA1E39006EC228" author="White" box="[417,582,809,835]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" refString="White, W. T. (2007) Aspects of the biology of carcharhiniform sharks in Indonesian waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87, 1269 - 1275." type="journal article" year="2007">White (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, based on a large sample size, recorded that all males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324A9E1E3907B4C229" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[1269,1436,809,834]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324A9E1E3907B4C229" box="[1269,1436,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&lt;
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324ECC1E400321C201" box="[167,265,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="810.0">810 mm</quantity>
TL possessed non-calcified claspers. Males with fully calcified claspers were typically&gt; 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324B771E400756C201" box="[1308,1406,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="900.0">900 mm</quantity>
in length, with males attaining 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324F881E66007AC2FB" box="[483,594,886,912]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1200.0">1200 mm</quantity>
TL. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB7E3324CE71E6601A7C2FB" author="Chen" box="[652,911,886,912]" pageId="14" pageNumber="56" refString="Chen, C. T. &amp; Mizue, K. (1973) Studies on sharks-VI. Reproduction of Galeorhinus japonicus. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 36, 37 - 51." type="journal article" year="1973">Chen &amp; Mizue (1973)</bibRefCitation>
stated that male 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324A3F1E6706F6C2FB" ID-CoL="3KTLY" box="[1108,1246,887,912]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324A3F1E6706F6C2FB" box="[1108,1246,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature at about 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324EFC1E8D02D0C2DC" box="[151,248,925,951]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="850.0">850 mm</quantity>
TL and reach 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324FC91E8D0038C2DC" box="[418,528,925,951]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1100.0">1100 mm</quantity>
TL which is close to this new species, but a specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="F3417676FFB7E3324ABB1E8D070EC2DC" box="[1232,1318,925,951]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
was adult (or nearly so) at only 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324FA11ED40010C2B5" box="[458,568,964,990]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="675.0">675 mm</quantity>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB7E3324C251ED401F8C2B5" author="Takahashi" box="[590,976,964,990]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" refString="Takahashi, M. &amp; Nakaya, K. (2004) Hemitriakis complicofasciata, a new whitefin topeshark (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) from Japan. Ichthyological Research, 51, 248 - 255." type="journal article" year="2004">Takahashi &amp; Nakaya (2004)</bibRefCitation>
stated that females and males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324EFC1EFA03A4C568" ID-CoL="3KTLV" box="[151,396,1002,1027]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complicofasciata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324EFC1EFA03A4C568" box="[151,396,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. complicofasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature at 760 and 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324C121EFA00F6C56F" box="[633,734,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="805.0">805 mm</quantity>
TL, respectively, which is considerably smaller than that recorded for 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324F45190103F9C541" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[302,465,1041,1066]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324F45190103F9C541" box="[302,465,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324F8B1901002CC541" box="[480,516,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">i.e.</emphasis>
~900 and&gt; 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324CFB19010128C540" box="[656,768,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 mm</quantity>
TL, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB7E3324EAD192800BEC5AD" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
There are very little differences in morphology and number of teeth in members of this genus, with the counts for each species generally overlapping. 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324CAE194F060BC513" ID-CoL="3KTLV" box="[709,1059,1119,1144]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complicofasciata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324CAE194F060BC513" box="[709,1059,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Hemitriakis complicofasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324A36194F072AC513" ID-CoL="3KTLX" box="[1117,1282,1119,1144]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324A36194F072AC513" box="[1117,1282,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both lack an accessory cartilage at the symphysis of the upper jaw, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324DE5199501D7C5F5" ID-CoL="6LR2X" box="[910,1023,1157,1182]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324DE5199501D7C5F5" box="[910,1023,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. abdita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an accessory cartilage present (see Fig. 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB7E3324F2D19BC00A2C5AD" author="Takahashi" box="[326,650,1196,1222]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" refString="Takahashi, M. &amp; Nakaya, K. (2004) Hemitriakis complicofasciata, a new whitefin topeshark (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) from Japan. Ichthyological Research, 51, 248 - 255." type="journal article" year="2004">Takahashi &amp; Nakaya, 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C656DFFB7E3324EAD19C20331C699" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB7E3324EAD19C2066BC4BF" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
The chondrocrania of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324FA719C300F6C587" box="[460,734,1235,1260]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324FA719C300F6C587" box="[460,734,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Hemitriakis indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324C8519C3014DC587" box="[750,869,1235,1260]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324C8519C3014DC587" box="[750,869,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324DF419C30603C587" box="[927,1067,1235,1260]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324DF419C30603C587" box="[927,1067,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are generally similar but differ in some minor details. The chondrocrania of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324CC819E9016DC479" box="[675,837,1273,1298]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324CC819E9016DC479" box="[675,837,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically closer to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324A8619E9074BC479" box="[1261,1379,1273,1298]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324A8619E9074BC479" box="[1261,1379,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324E991830034FC452" box="[242,359,1312,1337]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324E991830034FC452" box="[242,359,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. abdita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324FCE18300011C452" box="[421,569,1312,1337]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japanica">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324FCE18300011C452" box="[421,569,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. japanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For example, the former species have a much shorter medial rostral cartilage, indicating a shorter rostrum, than the two latter species (45–46 vs. 59–63% of nasobasal length). The crania of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324F51187D03F5C4ED" box="[314,477,1389,1414]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324F51187D03F5C4ED" box="[314,477,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324C7D187D00A3C4ED" box="[534,651,1389,1414]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324C7D187D00A3C4ED" box="[534,651,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar, but differ in several subtle characters including: lateral rostrals horizontal (vs. arched ventrally), nasal capsules slightly smaller (width 75 vs. 82% of nasobasal length) and otic capsules slightly larger (length 29 vs. 25% of nasobasal length).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB7E3324EAD18F102E4C661" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
Some ontogenetic differences in morphology were evident from the measured 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB7E3324ADC18F106C2C490" box="[1207,1258,1505,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324EFC1B180313C74A" box="[151,315,1544,1569]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324EFC1B180313C74A" box="[151,315,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The single late-term embryo measured (CSIRO H 6818–01, male 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324A371B180697C749" box="[1116,1215,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="254.0">254 mm</quantity>
TL) differed from the measured post-natal 
<typeStatus id="54ED8844FFB7E3324FDF1B3E03DAC723" box="[436,498,1582,1608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">types</typeStatus>
(&gt; 
<quantity id="4CAE9B03FFB7E3324C7A1B3E005DC723" box="[529,629,1582,1608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.97" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="497.0">497 mm</quantity>
TL) in a number of proportional characters including: longer preoral length (8.3 vs. 6.1–7.3% TL); longer prespiracular length (12.5 vs. 9.4–10.9% TL); longer prebranchial length (17.1 vs. 14.2–15.9% TL); longer head (length 21.3 vs. 17.8–19.8% TL); longer predorsal length (28.7 vs. 24.1–26.2% TL); larger eyes (length 5.0 vs. 2.7–3.3% TL); larger spiracle (1.1 vs. 0.5–0.6% TL); smaller first dorsal fin (length 12.4 vs. 13.0–14.6% TL, height 6.4 vs. 8.2–9.4% TL, posterior margin 5.9 vs. 8.8–10.0% TL).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936E6FFB7E3324EAD1A070331C699" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324EAD1A070378C65B" box="[198,336,1815,1840]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324EAD1A070378C65B" box="[198,336,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. A [
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324FCE1A0703CEC65B" box="[421,486,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B17FFB7E3324F851A0600D4C65B" author="Compagno" box="[494,764,1814,1840]" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. &amp; Fowler, S. (2005) A Field Guide to Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
Compagno 
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324C1E1A070080C65B" box="[629,680,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
., 2005
</bibRefCitation>
] is still problematical because of its inadequate sample of four fetuses (SU 40097). It clearly differs from the sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324D0E1A2D061DC63D" box="[869,1077,1853,1878]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucoperiptera">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324D0E1A2D061DC63D" box="[869,1077,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. leucoperiptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in coloration of the young and vertebral counts. The colour pattern of the young more closely resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324A0A1A74074EC616" box="[1121,1382,1892,1917]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complicofasciata">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324A0A1A74074EC616" box="[1121,1382,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. complicofasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324EFC1A9B0312C6CF" box="[151,314,1931,1956]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indroyonoi">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324EFC1A9B0312C6CF" box="[151,314,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">H. indroyonoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the vertebral counts (PC = 116, MP = 44) lay between these species. Thus, this is likely to represent another undescribed species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C564D65FFB7E3324CEF1AA10138C6A1" box="[644,784,1969,1994]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hemitriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAF4FFB7E3324CEF1AA10138C6A1" box="[644,784,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="55">Hemitriakis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but further samples are required, particularly of adult specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>