430 lines
49 KiB
XML
430 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="456EA6386D216109C1A81F4698E95067" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.1SLASH10602" ID-CLB-Dataset="36222" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f9f2005-aec5-45c4-a97e-86d3172537bf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="437214" ID-ZooBank="2519494F-5998-4CD1-AFF1-78ADB4DEEB46" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1490170220723" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard" docDate="2017" docId="03FF407FDD415673FF3CF8FFFE66FE31" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4244.4.1SLASH10602.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4244 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phlesirtes Bolivar" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="457" masterDocId="FFC63807DD435675FFABFFCAFFC1FF9C" masterDocTitle="The genus Phlesirtes Bolivar, 1922 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae, Conocephalini; Karniellina), a review of the genus with data on its bioacoustics and the description of new species" masterLastPageNumber="477" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="453" updateTime="1698438242659" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="57BAD2DDED748A0C91FD403BE61F2157">
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<mods:title id="B8269DBFA7EA3C0AFC97C671D703D31A">The genus Phlesirtes Bolivar, 1922 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae, Conocephalini; Karniellina), a review of the genus with data on its bioacoustics and the description of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A614158D46C1C39A9FAECEA29D95761A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5D0C284CE371BFF237472C5305C00DDD">Hemp, Claudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1AA58EAC33B6BF8392C1E1093FFB868E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="389F975B2CCA44A00BEB16E3F6DC1A74">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C7F43D989FE6A1955C53DD19DEB028EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3E73B543CFC4235C0D4D8FDEAF324436">Heller, Klaus-Gerhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E837503E707D119C54AD62597F2C5C7A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7F4F02618A5FA2D19972C8919E44BCF1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BDF5757D1B5B2C8C9DF67CBB743DCEB5">
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<mods:date id="F7030F1C787AC4DC8911DE202811DCC0">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E7A6BA950C792A94274E55F3F509C40A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E3E8702121C0552172CC95DA1133FBA6">4244</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F01C8776A3FA45D40CC1865236E73780">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C83F1007D7EF982425DF16435317864E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FF407FDD415673FF3CF8FFFE66FE31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5690040" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127850587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5690040" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF407FDD415673FF3CF8FFFE66FE31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF407FDD415673FF3CF8FFFE66FE31" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
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<subSubSection id="C34CA2E2DD415677FF3CF8FFFEB0F8D3" box="[151,369,1845,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD415677FF3CF8FFFEB0F8D3" blockId="2.[151,369,1845,1871]" box="[151,369,1845,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
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<heading id="D0A14605DD415677FF3CF8FFFEB0F8D3" bold="true" box="[151,369,1845,1871]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD415677FF3CF8FFFEB0F8D3" ID-CoL="8NXHJ" authority="Bolivar" authorityName="Bolivar" box="[151,369,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD415677FF3CF8FFFEB0F8D3" bold="true" box="[151,369,1845,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD415677FF3CF8FFFECFF8D3" bold="true" box="[151,270,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
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Bolivar
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34CA2E2DD415677FF3CF8B6FE4FF872" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD415677FF3CF8B6FE4FF872" blockId="2.[151,1437,1916,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3EFB34DD415677FF3CF8B6FAC9F80E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1440785611" box="[151,1288,1916,1938]" collectorName="Voyage de Baron M." country="Ethiopia" location="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orientale">
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD415677FF3CF8B6FE50F80E" ID-CoL="8NXHJ" authority="Bolivar, 1922" authorityName="Bolivar" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,401,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD415677FF3CF8B6FF3DF80E" box="[151,252,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC78C98DD415677FEA8F8B6FE50F80E" author="Bolivar" box="[259,401,1916,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refString="Bolivar, I. (1922) Orthopteres. Premiere Partie. In: Voyage de M. le baron Maurice de Rothschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique orientale anglaise (1904 - 1905): resultats scientifiques: animaux articules. Impr. nationale, Paris, pp. 167 - 219." type="book chapter" year="1922">Bolivar, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26A394BFDD415677FE37F8B7FDB0F80E" box="[412,625,1916,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Voyage de Baron M.</collectorName>
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Rothschild en
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<collectingCountry id="F341B1F9DD415677FCA0F8B6FCA0F80E" box="[779,865,1916,1938]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Éthiopie</collectingCountry>
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et en Afrique
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<collectingRegion id="49923F8BDD415677FC5CF8B6FB94F80E" box="[1015,1109,1916,1938]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Orientale</collectingRegion>
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Anglaise, p. 203
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B3EFB34DD415677FAB9F8B7FE4FF872" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1440785610" collectingDate="1905" collectingDateMax="1906" collectingDateMin="1905" collectorName="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition" country="Ethiopia" location="Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kilimanjaro" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54ED4FCBDD415677FAB9F8B7FA85F80E" box="[1298,1348,1917,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD415677FF6CF850FDABF82C" authority="Sjostedt, 1909" authorityName="Sjostedt" authorityYear="1909" box="[199,618,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Xiphidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merumontanum">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD415677FF6CF850FE11F82C" box="[199,464,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Xiphidion merumontanum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC78C98DD415677FE7CF850FDABF82C" author="Sjostedt" box="[471,618,1946,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refString="Sjostedt, Y. (1909) Locustodea. In: Sjostedt, Y. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimanjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906. P. Palmquists aktiebolag, Stockholm, pp. 125 - 148." type="book chapter" year="1909">Sjöstedt, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26A394BFDD415677FDDEF850FAA4F82C" box="[629,1381,1946,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition</collectorName>
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nach dem
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<collectingRegion id="49923F8BDD415677FEABF873FEBCF853" box="[256,381,1977,1999]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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, dem
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<collectingRegion id="49923F8BDD415677FE63F870FE3EF853" box="[456,511,1978,1999]" country="Kenya" name="Meru" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Meru</collectingRegion>
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und den umgebenden
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<location id="8E89A7B2DD415677FCAAF873FBA6F853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF407FDD415673FF3CF8FFFE66FE31:8E89A7B2DD415677FCAAF873FBA6F853" box="[769,1127,1977,1999]" country="Ethiopia" name="Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" stateProvince="Kilimanjaro">Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas</location>
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<date id="FFE8D7A9DD415677FBDEF873FB28F853" box="[1141,1257,1977,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" value="1905" valueMax="1906">
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<collectingDate id="EFAC2E41DD415677FBDEF873FB28F853" box="[1141,1257,1977,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" value="1905" valueMax="1906">1905–1906</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 17.
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD415677FA83F873FA58F853" ID-CoL="8NKFC" box="[1320,1433,1977,1999]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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. Locustodea, p. 139.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF29A1E1DD405676FF3CF874FBA8F848" box="[151,1129,1982,2004]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/437215/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" targetBox="[181,1410,234,1926]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD405676FF3CF874FBA8F848" blockId="3.[151,1129,1982,2004]" box="[151,1129,1982,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD405676FF3CF874FED2F848" bold="true" box="[151,275,1982,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Oscillograms of 1-s-sections of the song of continuously singing
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD405676FC06F874FBD3F848" box="[941,1042,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD405676FC06F874FBD3F848" box="[941,1042,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF29A1E1DD475671FF3CFB87FB6FFBFE" box="[151,1198,1100,1123]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/437216/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" targetBox="[233,1418,240,941]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD475671FF3CFB87FB6FFBFE" blockId="4.[151,1198,1100,1123]" box="[151,1198,1100,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FF3CFB87FED3FBFE" bold="true" box="[151,274,1101,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Oscillograms of 1-s-sections of the song of
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FD78FB86FCF9FBFE" box="[723,824,1100,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FD78FB86FCF9FBFE" box="[723,824,1100,1122]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species producing pairs of syllables.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34CA2E2DD475670FF3CFB40FE21FC8B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD475671FF3CFB40FE5AF996" blockId="4.[151,1437,1162,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FF3CFB40FED0FB3F" bold="true" box="[151,273,1162,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FE38FB40FDC2FB3F" box="[403,515,1162,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FE38FB40FDC2FB3F" box="[403,515,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by having two ventral rows each with five spines on fore and mid tibiae (except for
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FEF6FB65FDC4FB5A" box="[349,517,1197,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanangensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FEF6FB65FDC4FB5A" box="[349,517,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">P. hanangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FDA7FB67FD8AFB5A" bold="true" box="[524,587,1197,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD475671FDA7FB67FD8AFB5A" box="[524,587,1197,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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with six spines per row). The fastigium verticis is broad in all species (
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<quantity id="4CAE5C8CDD475671FAC2FB64FF30FB76" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9– 1.1 mm</quantity>
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). The last abdominal tergite is medially deeply incised, the margins of this incision forming two appendices which may be short and stout, thorn-like or long and inwardly curved or even twisted at their tips. As in other
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FF3CFAD0FED4FAAF" box="[151,277,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Karniellina">Karniellina</taxonomicName>
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the tegmina are hidden for most of their length under the pronotum. The tips of tegmina are protruding from the posterior margin of the pronotum only some mm in most species. The male cerci have two branches, an outer short and blunt one which is rugose and hairy, and an inner slender one. The outer cercus is often very short and blunt to acute, while the inner cercus may be slender and long and/or twisted or more robust. The ovipositors of the females are only slightly up-curved or straight. Usually the ovipositors are about body length (ovipositor/body length: 1.0; in
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FE96FA07FE1AFA7A" box="[317,475,1485,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Melanoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FE96FA07FE1AFA7A" box="[317,475,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Melanoscirtes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shorter, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FDF5FA07FD36FA7A" box="[606,759,1485,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Chortoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FDF5FA07FD36FA7A" box="[606,759,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Chortoscirtes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FC84FA07FC14FA7A" box="[815,981,1485,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Acanthoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FC84FA07FC14FA7A" box="[815,981,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Acanthoscirtes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mostly longer and up to twice the body length in
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<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FEAAFA38FE4AF997" box="[257,395,1522,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Fulvoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FEAAFA38FE4AF997" box="[257,395,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fulvoscirtes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD475671FF6CF9DFFEC4F89A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1162,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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All known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FE63F9DFFDF9F9B2" box="[456,568,1557,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FE63F9DFFDF9F9B2" box="[456,568,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a pattern of cream, white or green fasciae contrasting with brown or black fasciae on head and pronotum. This pattern starts on the fastigium verticis, continues over dorsum of head to the pronotum. In males the fasciae get fainter mostly after the first third or second third of the pronotum. Males of many species show here a uniform colour of the pronotum, sometimes hazelnut brown, often shades of light brown; the anterior part of the pronotum always has the same colour as the tegmina. In females the fasciae are often not as conspicuous as in males but often continuous over the whole body, only fading in the last third or so of the abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD475670FF6CF8D8FEF1FF64" blockId="4.[151,1437,1162,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,791]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
The pattern of fascia is always very clear on fastigium and dorsum of head and is arranged in all species as follows: central a fine (sometimes very faint) cream, rarely white line which fades very soon on the dorsum of the pronotum. This central line is bordered mostly by an area of broad lateral light to darker brown fascia which merges into sharply outlined black fasciae. This pair of lateral dark fasciae is contrasting often with a cream, white or rarely green pair of fasciae which are very conspicuous in some species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FBBBF869FB68F826" box="[1040,1193,1955,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ngongensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FBBBF869FB68F826" box="[1040,1193,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">P. ngongensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FB1BF868FB2FF827" bold="true" box="[1200,1262,1954,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD475671FB1BF868FB2FF827" box="[1200,1262,1954,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: shiny white or vivid green,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FE8EF80DFE29F842" box="[293,488,1991,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merumontanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FE8EF80DFE29F842" box="[293,488,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">P. merumontanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: shiny white,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD475671FD21F80DFCDDF843" box="[650,796,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="githungiru" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FD21F80DFCDDF843" box="[650,796,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">P. githungiru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD475671FC8FF80CFCA5F843" bold="true" box="[804,868,1990,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD475671FC8FF80CFCA5F843" box="[804,868,1990,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: vivid green) but may be dirty white and not very conspicuous in other species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FDBEFF53FDBDFF2C" box="[533,636,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limuru" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FDBEFF53FDBDFF2C" box="[533,636,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. limuru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FD28FF5DFD00FF2C" bold="true" box="[643,705,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD465670FD28FF5DFD00FF2C" box="[643,705,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FD64FF53FCACFF2C" box="[719,877,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chyuluensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FD64FF53FCACFF2C" box="[719,877,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. chyuluensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FCDFFF5DFC72FF2C" bold="true" box="[884,947,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD465670FCDFFF5DFC72FF2C" box="[884,947,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). This pair of cream, white or green fasciae is bordered again by brown or black fasciae or just merging into the colour of the lateral lobes of the pronotum (often green).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD465670FF6CFECEFB13FE6B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
Species may be distinguished by the outer genitalic morphology of males comparing the shape of the posterior incision of the the 10th tergite, the shape of the lateral processes of the 10th tergite and the male cerci. Females are best identified in association with males. Many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FD04FE84FCDEFEFB" box="[687,799,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FD04FE84FCDEFEFB" box="[687,799,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are highly endemic and the location may help to identify species. Exceptions are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FDB9FEBEFDB8FE17" box="[530,633,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limuru" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FDB9FEBEFDB8FE17" box="[530,633,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. limuru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FD23FEB8FD0AFE17" bold="true" box="[648,715,370,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD465670FD23FEB8FD0AFE17" box="[648,715,370,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FCA0FEBEFC60FE17" box="[779,929,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="githunguri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FCA0FEBEFC60FE17" box="[779,929,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. githunguri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FC07FEB8FC31FE17" bold="true" box="[940,1008,370,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD465670FC07FEB8FC31FE17" box="[940,1008,370,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurring in close proximity on the southern lower slopes of the Aberdare Range and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FD66FE52FC93FE33" box="[717,850,406,431]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FD66FE52FC93FE33" box="[717,850,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. gladiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FCF1FE5CFC5BFE33" bold="true" box="[858,922,406,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD465670FCF1FE5CFC5BFE33" box="[858,922,406,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FC79FE52FBADFE33" box="[978,1132,408,431]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ngongensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FC79FE52FBADFE33" box="[978,1132,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. ngongensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FBDFFE5CFB75FE33" bold="true" box="[1140,1204,406,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD465670FBDFFE5CFB75FE33" box="[1140,1204,406,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, latter two species occupy different elevations.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FD85FE76FD09FE4F" box="[558,712,444,467]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ngongensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FD85FE76FD09FE4F" box="[558,712,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. ngongensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FD64FE70FCCEFE4F" bold="true" box="[719,783,442,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD465670FD64FE70FCCEFE4F" box="[719,783,442,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is restricted to the Ngong Hills above an altitude of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE5C8CDD465670FF3CFE15FF2DFE6B" box="[151,236,479,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
|
||
while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FE93FE2AFE7AFE6B" box="[312,443,478,503]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiolus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FE93FE2AFE7AFE6B" box="[312,443,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. gladiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FE68FE14FDC0FE6B" bold="true" box="[451,513,478,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2119000DD465670FE68FE14FDC0FE6B" box="[451,513,478,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was found in drier grassland below
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE5C8CDD465670FC33FE15FC2CFE6B" box="[920,1005,479,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
on the Ngong Hills.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD465670FF6CFDC8FBB9FDA3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FEE7FDC8FE7DFD87" box="[332,444,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FEE7FDC8FE7DFD87" box="[332,444,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a typical member of the subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FCD7FDC8FC3BFD87" box="[892,1018,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Karniellina">Karniellina</taxonomicName>
|
||
which contains the African genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FF3CFDECFEF1FDA3" box="[151,304,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Naskreckiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FF3CFDECFEF1FDA3" box="[151,304,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Naskreckiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FE95FDECFE68FDA3" box="[318,425,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Karniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FE95FDECFE68FDA3" box="[318,425,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Karniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FE1CFDECFD8EFDA3" box="[439,591,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Chortoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FE1CFDECFD8EFDA3" box="[439,591,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Chortoscirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FDF6FDECFC55FDA3" box="[605,916,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FDF6FDECFD3EFDA3" box="[605,767,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Melanoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melanoscirtes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FCA1FDECFC55FDA3" box="[778,916,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Fulvoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fulvoscirtes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FC60FDECFBB0FDA3" box="[971,1137,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Acanthoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FC60FDECFBB0FDA3" box="[971,1137,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Acanthoscirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD465670FF6CFD81FE21FC8B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
In their general appearance the seven genera are very similar. Males of all species of these taxa have shortened tegmina, and rudimentary hind wings while females have scale-like tegmina and lack hind wings; the stridulatory file is always covered by the posterior margin of the pronotum. In addition, all species have densely hirsute, lobelike expansions on the meso- and metasterna (or collar shaped projections, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78C98DD465670FB9DFD7CFB7AFD53" author="Unal" box="[1078,1211,694,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refString="Unal, M. (2005) A new genus and species of Conocephalinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Northern Province of Zambia, E. Africa. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 131 (4 + 5), 449 - 455." type="journal article" year="2005">Ünal, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A synapomorphic character of the group is the presence of free plantulae of the hind tarsi (for further characters of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FB5FFD10FAB3FD6F" box="[1268,1394,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Karniellina">Karniellina</taxonomicName>
|
||
see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78C98DD465670FF3CFCCAFEAEFC8B" author="Hemp" box="[151,367,766,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refString="Hemp, C., Heller, K. - G., Kehl, S., Warchalowska-Sliwa, E., Wagele, J. W. & Hemp, A. (2010 a) The Phlesirtes complex (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae, Conocephalini) reviewed: integrating morphological, molecular, chromosomal, and bioacoustic data. Systematic Entomology, 35, 554 - 580." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Hemp
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FF49FCCAFEE0FC8B" box="[226,289,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2010a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78C98DD465670FED0FD34FE4DFC8B" author="Hemp" box="[379,396,766,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refString="Hemp, C., Kehl, S., Heller, K. - G., Wagele, J. W. & Hemp, A. (2010 b) A new genus of African Karniellina (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae, Conocephalini): integrating morphological, molecular, and bioacoustical data. Systematic Entomology 35, 581 - 595." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78C98DD465670FE3CFD35FE15FC8B" author="Hemp" box="[407,468,767,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refString="Hemp, C., Kehl, S., Heller, K. - G., Wagele J. W. & Hemp, A. (2012) Ecological adaptations of grassland inhabiting flightless Orthoptera: Fulvoscirtes and Acanthoscirtes, two new genera of African Karniellina (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae, Conocephalini). Systematic Entomology, 37 (2), 387 - 407." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF29A1E1DD465670FF3CF920FEAEF882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/437217/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" targetBox="[196,1371,875,1684]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD465670FF3CF920FEAEF882" blockId="5.[151,1436,1770,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FF3CF920FED2F963" bold="true" box="[151,275,1770,1792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of both song types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FDE0F920FD71F89C" box="[587,688,1770,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FDE0F920FD71F89C" box="[587,688,1770,1792]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with power spectra (Hanning window, 512 points, mean of 1-ssections of the song).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34CA2E2DD465673FF6CF88FFADAFEF8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD465673FF6CF88FFADAFEF8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1861,2031]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FF6CF88FFEF6F8C2" ID-CoL="8NXHJ" box="[199,311,1861,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FF6CF88FFEF6F8C2" box="[199,311,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a fastigium verticis that is broader than the scapus, a character also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FAA0F88FFA54F8C2" ID-CoL="8NRW7" box="[1291,1429,1861,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Fulvoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FAA0F88FFA54F8C2" box="[1291,1429,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fulvoscirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FF3CF8A3FD56F81E" box="[151,663,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FF3CF8A3FE81F81E" ID-CoL="8NLCL" box="[151,320,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Acanthoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acanthoscirtes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FEE7F8A3FE2CF81E" ID-CoL="8NV5J" box="[332,493,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Melanoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melanoscirtes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FE53F8A3FD52F81E" ID-CoL="8NPLR" box="[504,659,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Chortoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chortoscirtes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FD65F8A3FC80F81E" box="[718,833,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FD65F8A3FCFCF81E" ID-CoL="8NT4W" box="[718,829,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Karniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Karniella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FCCDF8A3FC3EF81E" ID-CoL="8NVR8" box="[870,1023,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Naskreckiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FCCDF8A3FC3EF81E" box="[870,1023,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Naskreckiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the width of the fastigium verticis is smaller.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FF53F847FE50F83A" ID-CoL="8NVR8" box="[248,401,1933,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Naskreckiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FF53F847FE50F83A" box="[248,401,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Naskreckiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs in the male cerci, which are differentiated into an outer blunt branch and two inner branches of which the more basal one is hook-like (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78C98DD465670FCFDF87BFC18F856" author="Unal" box="[854,985,1969,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refString="Unal, M. (2005) A new genus and species of Conocephalinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Northern Province of Zambia, E. Africa. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 131 (4 + 5), 449 - 455." type="journal article" year="2005">Ünal, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FC46F87BFB47F856" ID-CoL="8NVR8" box="[1005,1158,1969,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Naskreckiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD465670FC46F87BFB47F856" box="[1005,1158,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Naskreckiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females have very stout ovipositors in contrast to all other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD465670FD3AF81FFCCEF872" ID-CoL="8PTQR" box="[657,783,2005,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Karniellina">Karniellina</taxonomicName>
|
||
which have slender, almost straight to slightly up-curved ovipositors. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FEE3FF5DFE20FF2C" ID-CoL="8NVR8" box="[328,481,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Naskreckiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FEE3FF5DFE20FF2C" box="[328,481,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Naskreckiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FDB4FF5DFD4BFF2C" ID-CoL="8NT4W" box="[543,650,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Karniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FDB4FF5DFD4BFF2C" box="[543,650,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Karniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tegmina are moderately (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FC42FF5DFB43FF2C" ID-CoL="8NVR8" box="[1001,1154,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Naskreckiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FC42FF5DFB43FF2C" box="[1001,1154,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Naskreckiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to strongly (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FA8CFF5DFA53FF2C" ID-CoL="8NT4W" box="[1319,1426,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Karniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FA8CFF5DFA53FF2C" box="[1319,1426,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Karniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) inflated while in the other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FDCAFF76FD1EFF49" ID-CoL="8PTQR" box="[609,735,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Karniellina">Karniellina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FD46FF76FCB6FF49" ID-CoL="8NRW7" box="[749,887,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Fulvoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FD46FF76FCB6FF49" box="[749,887,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Fulvoscirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FC27FF76FBF3FF49" ID-CoL="8NLCL" box="[908,1074,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Acanthoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FC27FF76FBF3FF49" box="[908,1074,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Acanthoscirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FBE3FF76FB20FF49" ID-CoL="8NPLR" box="[1096,1249,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Chortoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FBE3FF76FB20FF49" box="[1096,1249,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Chortoscirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FB5EFF76FAA4FF49" ID-CoL="8NXHJ" box="[1269,1381,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FB5EFF76FAA4FF49" box="[1269,1381,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FF3CFF15FEF7FF64" ID-CoL="8NV5J" box="[151,310,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Melanoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FF3CFF15FEF7FF64" box="[151,310,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Melanoscirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tegmina are never strongly inflated. Similarly the pronotum is raised in the area of the tegmina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FF3CFECEFEF1FE81" ID-CoL="8NVR8" box="[151,304,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Naskreckiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FF3CFECEFEF1FE81" box="[151,304,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Naskreckiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FEC3FECEFE15FE81" ID-CoL="8NT4W" box="[360,468,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Karniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FEC3FECEFE15FE81" box="[360,468,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Karniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while it is weakly so in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FD47FECEFC45FE81" ID-CoL="8NPLR" box="[748,900,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Chortoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FD47FECEFC45FE81" box="[748,900,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Chortoscirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, weakly or not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FBFEFECEFB32FE81" ID-CoL="8NV5J" box="[1109,1267,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Melanoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FBFEFECEFB32FE81" box="[1109,1267,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Melanoscirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and weakly or not raised in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FE9AFEEDFDB2FEDC" box="[305,627,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FE9AFEEDFE7FFEDC" ID-CoL="8NRW7" box="[305,446,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Fulvoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Fulvoscirtes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FE66FEEDFDB2FEDC" ID-CoL="8NLCL" box="[461,627,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Acanthoscirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acanthoscirtes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FD04FEEDFCDEFEDC" ID-CoL="8NXHJ" box="[687,799,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phlesirtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FD04FEEDFCDEFEDC" box="[687,799,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Phlesirtes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shape of the cerci is another diagnostic character facilitating to distinguish the genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FDE4FE86FD0CFEF9" ID-CoL="8PTQR" box="[591,717,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Karniellina">Karniellina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C568AEADD455673FCFFFE86FC13FEF9" ID-CoL="8PTQR" box="[852,978,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Karniellina">Karniellina</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC78C98DD455673FBE3FE87FAD2FEF8" author="Hemp" box="[1096,1299,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" refString="Hemp, C., Kehl, S., Heller, K. - G., Wagele J. W. & Hemp, A. (2012) Ecological adaptations of grassland inhabiting flightless Orthoptera: Fulvoscirtes and Acanthoscirtes, two new genera of African Karniellina (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae, Conocephalini). Systematic Entomology, 37 (2), 387 - 407." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Hemp
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FB38FE87FB05FEF9" box="[1171,1220,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34CA2E2DD455673FF6CFEA5FE66FE31" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9F169DD455673FF6CFEA5FE66FE31" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9222D7BDD455673FF6CFEA5FE30FE14" bold="true" box="[199,497,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
All species are inhabitants of open grasslands of the montane to afroalpine zone on East African mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |