291 lines
46 KiB
XML
291 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="213C12EADF008C1EB2D3ED42CA242C23" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189152" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f5939b6-1a02-44ad-a36d-49fefb9424db" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189152" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461099656081" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moreno, Jhon César Neita & Orozco, Jesús" docDate="2009" docId="03FDBD10DC76FF99FF4BFC66FB268DE9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02168p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2168" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Podischnus agenor Olivier" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FFC4C568DC77FF9CFFDCFFF4FFA58D3E" masterDocTitle="Larval and pupal descriptions for the genera Podischnus and Heterogomphus (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="34" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698590688866" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1747D53143A401E51955256887097DAA">Larval and pupal descriptions for the genera Podischnus and Heterogomphus (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0FB92E4AF8AC91E09FB6873AF246BADF">Moreno, Jhon César Neita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E83DBEE5D9FBD8DA40BE68690168D55B">Orozco, Jesús</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FE49CB667D31A7B84EAEA86E9D8B5E58">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5A60227677B9FAA5A016B02E4CA2C929">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8720E9CB01EFF067670C1411853FBD5F">
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<mods:date id="74C634CDD7CBEA55BA9B692FFE1390C1">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DD262063CA31FB74B7BE183F82D41BC9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C9B9A8AAF170A2B0A73F84B6FC117076">2168</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="54ED3385AD41A8830A910C4F390BC430" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.189152</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D0685FDA5ACE4E5052CD6FDCBD31D9DE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A6857507304EA480B9F3B4914D916AF6" type="Zenodo-Dep">189152</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FDBD10DC76FF99FF4BFC66FB268DE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689942" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119621345" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDBD10DC76FF99FF4BFC66FB268DE9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FDBD10DC76FF99FF4BFC66FB268DE9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C34E5F8DDC76FF9DFF4BFC66FB5F8957" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC76FF9DFF4BFC66FE578E95" blockId="1.[151,498,913,940]" box="[151,498,913,940]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D0A3BB6ADC76FF9DFF4BFC66FE578E95" bold="true" box="[151,498,913,940]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC76FF9DFF4BFC66FE578E95" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[151,498,913,940]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podischnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agenor">
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFF4BFC66FE578E95" bold="true" box="[151,498,913,940]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFF4BFC66FEDB8E92" bold="true" box="[151,382,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Podischnus agenor</emphasis>
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(Olivier)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC76FF9DFF4BFC2FFB5F8957" blockId="1.[151,1437,987,2019]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">
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This is the first species in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC76FF9DFD97FC2FFD718ECA" box="[587,724,987,1012]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podischnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFD97FC2FFD718ECA" box="[587,724,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Podischnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to have its immature stages described. The descriptions are based on three third-instar larvae, two exuviae from third-instar larvae, and
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<specimenCount id="9D52C78FDC76FF9DFBF0FBF6FB2F8922" box="[1068,1162,1026,1052]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
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associated with adults (
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<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFF7CFBDDFF43897D" box="[160,230,1065,1091]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,802,826]" captionTargetBox="[162,1417,363,776]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[153,1434,351,776]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Podischnus agenor adults. a. male major; b. male minor; c. female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189153/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) with the following data:
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<collectingCountry id="F3434C96DC76FF9DFDFAFBDDFD6F897D" box="[550,714,1065,1091]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
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: Choco:
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFCE9FBDDFCDD897C" box="[821,888,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Lloró</emphasis>
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, Granja Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó; 5º30.52'52''N;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE606AC1DC76FF9DFE9EFBBBFE538957" box="[322,502,1103,1129]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="-76.74259">76º44'33.33''W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC76FF9DFDDDFBBBFDE58957" box="[513,576,1103,1129]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
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; in rotten wood of
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<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC76FF9DFCC2FBA4FC458957" box="[798,992,1104,1129]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odorata">
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFCC2FBA4FC458957" box="[798,992,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Cedrela odorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.;
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<date id="FFEA2AC6DC76FF9DFBCCFBBBFB508957" box="[1040,1269,1103,1129]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" value="1998-11-18">18 November 1998</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E5F8DDC76FF98FF1AFB82FC358B64" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC76FF9EFF1AFB82FD918F54" blockId="1.[151,1437,987,2019]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFF1AFB82FDFD89AE" bold="true" box="[198,600,1142,1168]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Description of third-instar larva</emphasis>
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. Dorsal body length
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<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC76FF9DFC91FB82FC7C89AE" box="[845,985,1142,1168]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="93.0" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="85.0">85–101 mm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFC35FB82FB8A89AE" box="[1001,1071,1142,1168]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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a).
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFB8FFB82FB3789B1" box="[1107,1170,1142,1167]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFB7DFB82FAA089AE" box="[1185,1285,1142,1168]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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b).
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFAF7FB82FA3689B1" box="[1323,1427,1142,1167]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Cranium</emphasis>
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: Width
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<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC76FF9DFF30FB69FED38989" box="[236,374,1181,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
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. Surface reddish brown, finely punctate; 4 dorsoepicranial setae, 25 epicranial setae distributed irregularly, 11–12 paraocellar setae on each side. Ocelli present. Frontal suture and clypeofrontal suture distinct.
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFE90FB1EFE34883D" box="[332,401,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Frons</emphasis>
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||
: 1 exterior frontal seta, 1 posterior frontal seta on each side; 4–5 setae on each anterior angle.
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFF39FAE5FEE68814" box="[229,323,1297,1322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Clypeus</emphasis>
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: Form trapezoidal. Postclypeus reddish brown, well sclerotized, densely punctuate; preclypeus light brown, with 2 central setae and 2 lateral seta on each side.
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFC58FACCFC44886F" box="[900,993,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Labrum</emphasis>
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: rugopunctate, slightly asymmetrical, 8 posterior setae, 4 lateral setae on each side, 2 central setae.
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFCB7FAAAFC7F8849" box="[875,986,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Antennae</emphasis>
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: with 4 antennomeres, antennomere 2 and 3 about 1/4 times longer than antennomere 1 and 4; antennomere 4 slightly longer than antennomere 1. Antennomere 4 oval in dorsal and ventral view, almond-shaped in lateral view; dorsal surface with 10–11 sensory spots (
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<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFE8FFA26FE0488D2" box="[339,417,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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c); ventral surface with 9 sensory spots (
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<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFC7EFA26FC4A88D2" box="[930,1007,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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d).
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFBC5FA26FB0E88D5" box="[1049,1195,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Epipharynx</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFB61FA26FAAE88D2" box="[1213,1291,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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e): suboval, asymmetrical, left lateral edge angulate. Haptomeral process prominent, entire; right chaetoparia with 95 setae; left chaetoparia with 82 setae, with some sensilla; acroparia each with 21 straight, long, thick setae; corypha with 4 fine, long setae; acanthoparia with 12–13 short, curved, spine-like setae; pedium large, ovate. Dexiotorma elongate, narrow; laeotorma slightly shorter than dexiotorma. Dexiophoba absent; laephoba poorly developed between haptolachus and inner side of laeotorma, with 24 fine setae. Sclerotized plate of right nesium long, elongate, and truncate at apex; sense cone on left nesium represented by longitudinal, wellsclerotized plate, apex with 4 sensilla. Crepis poorly defined.
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFCB3F915FC728BC4" box="[879,983,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Maxillae</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFC34F915FB8A8BC5" box="[1000,1071,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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f): cardo subrectangular. Stipes longer than wide. Galea with many stout setae and 1 well-developed uncus at apex. Lacinia with many stout setae and 3 unci fused at their bases (
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<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFD92F8DAFD328A76" box="[590,663,1838,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">
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Fig.
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<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC76FF9DFD5AF8DAFD328A76" box="[646,663,1838,1864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="35" unit="g" value="2.0">2</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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g). Maxillary palpi with 4 palpomeres, all palpomeres of different lengths, palpomere 4 twice as long as palpomere 2. Stridulatory area with 10 blunt, truncate ridges and an anterior truncate process (
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<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFE14F88FFDAA8AAB" box="[456,527,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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h).
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<emphasis id="B920D014DC76FF9DFDEAF888FD708AAB" box="[566,725,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">Hypopharynx</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F1083DC76FF9DFD3AF88FFC8B8AAB" box="[742,814,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFEA2AC6DC76FF9DFCC1F88FFC8B8AAB" box="[797,814,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="35">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
i): Glossa with 50 fine, long setae and 34 stout, short setae. Hypopharyngeal sclerome asymmetrical, concave medially, sharp process produced dorsally; left and right lateral lobes with 38 fine, moderately long setae. Left margin with row of 12 stout, moderately long setae directed toward center of sclerome and 3 basal setae at sclerome.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC75FF9EFC49FF6CFBEC8D8F" box="[917,1097,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Right mandible</emphasis>
|
||
: apical tooth blade-like, S1 + S2 fused, S3 rounded after scissorial notch; scrobe with 16 fine, long setae. Ventral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F1083DC75FF9EFADCFF35FAEE8DE5" box="[1280,1355,193,219]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
j) with elongate-oval stridulatory area formed by 34 narrowly separated ridges; ventral process well developed, rounded, with many asperites. Dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F1083DC75FF9EFD1AFEE6FCA88C12" box="[710,781,274,300]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
k) with line of 12 fine, long setae. Brustia with 6 long, stout setae. Calx large, with 11 basolateral setae. Molar area with 3 wide, convex, ridged lobes (M1-3) and with 9 long, fine setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC75FF9EFEAAFE96FDB98C45" box="[374,540,354,379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Left mandible</emphasis>
|
||
: scissorial region with 4 teeth, basal tooth separated from S1-S3; S1 and S2 separated from S3 by scissorial notch. S3 and S4 notched. Scrobe with 14 long, fine setae. Dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F1083DC75FF9EFAB0FE7FFF028CF1" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
l) with line of 17 fine, moderately long setae; acia well developed, sharp, setae at apex absent, with 12 basolateral setae. Ventral surface with elongate-oval stridulatory area formed by 31 narrowly separated ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F1083DC75FF9EFF7CFDF6FF4C8F22" box="[160,233,514,540]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC75FF9EFF05FDF6FF4C8F22" box="[217,233,514,540]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
m); ventral process well developed, rounded, with many asperites; dorsomolar area with row of 12 stout, fine, moderately long setae; brustia with 14 stout, long setae arranged in form of a “U”. Molar area with 3 lobes, first molar lobe (M1) large.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC75FF9EFF1AFD8DFE618EF7" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC75FF9EFF1AFD8DFEBE8FAC" box="[198,283,633,658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum irregularly and weakly sclerotized, with 8 long, fine setae. Prothoracic spiracles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F1083DC75FF9EFAB0FD8DFF038F84" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
n)
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC75FF9EFF18FD54FE888F84" box="[196,301,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.69">0.69 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC75FF9EFEAAFD54FE7B8F84" box="[374,478,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.49">0.49 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; respiratory plate dark brown, bulla prominent; distance between respiratory lobes less than diameter of bulla; plate with 46 holes across diameter at middle, holes with irregular edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F1083DC75FF9EFF7CFD19FF4C8E39" box="[160,233,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
o). Dorsum of prothorax with transverse row of 38 long, fine setae. Mesoprescutum with transverse, irregular row of 28 long, fine setae and 24 short, spine-like setae; metaprescutum with 32 long, fine setae; metascutellum with 22 long, fine setae and 40 short, fine setae; spine-like setae absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC75FF9EFB61FCCFFB538E6A" box="[1213,1270,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Tarsal claws with enlarged apical process, 1 basoexternal seta and 1 internal, preapical seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F1083DC75FF9EFBA8FC95FB1A8E45" box="[1140,1215,865,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[176,1420,187,1886]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Podischnus agenor third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
p). Tarsal claw on protarsi larger than claws on mesothoracic and metathoracic legs. Coxae, trochanter, and tibiotarsi of all legs setose, setae fine or stout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC75FF98FF1AFC22FEB18C16" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,636]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC75FF9EFF1AFC22FE908ED1" box="[198,309,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal spiracle I
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC75FF9EFD9DFC21FD0F8ED1" box="[577,682,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.699999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.57">0.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC75FF9EFD2FFC21FCF98ED1" box="[755,860,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, shorter than spiracles II–VIII. Spiracles on segments II and VI equal in size,
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC75FF9EFDFFFC08FD298928" box="[547,652,1020,1046]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.699999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.57">0.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC75FF9EFD04FC08FCE48928" box="[728,833,1020,1046]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; spiracles on segment VII slightly wider than preceding (
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC75FF9EFEC1FBD6FE2C8902" box="[285,393,1058,1084]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.699999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.57">0.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC75FF9EFE0BFBD6FDE48902" box="[471,577,1058,1084]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.49">0.49 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide). Abdominal segment I with 21 long, fine setae on prescutum, 42 short, fine setae; subscutum with 18 long, fine setae; scutum with 8 long, fine setae, 18 short, fine setae, 13 short, spine-like setae; scutellum with 8 long, fine setae, 32 short, fine setae. Abdominal segment II on prescutum with 22 long, fine setae and 42 short, fine setae; subscutum with 18 short, fine setae; scutum with 8 long, fine setae, 18 short, fine setae, and 13 short, spine-like setae; scutellum with 8 long, fine setae, 32 short, fine setae. Abdominal segment III on prescutum with 18 long, fine setae, 62 short, fine setae, and 22 short, spine-like setae; subscutum with 51 short, fine setae; scutum with 10 long, fine setae, 102 short, fine setae and 46 short, spine-like setae; scutellum with 12 long, fine setae, 112 short, fine setae, and 89 short spine-like setae. Spiracular area with 61 long, fine setae. Abdominal segment IV on prescutum with 18 long, fine setae, 12 short, fine setae and 116 short, spine-like setae; subscutum with 58 long, fine setae and without short, spine-like setae; scutum with 18 long, fine setae, 165 short, fine setae and 126 short, spine-like; scutellum with 12 long, fine setae, 186 short, fine setae, and 168 short, spine-like setae. Spiracular area with 61 long, fine setae. Abdominal segment V with 18 long, fine setae, 196 short, fine setae, and 202 short, spine-like setae on prescutum; subscutum with 51 short, fine setae; scutum with 16 long, fine setae, 116 short, fine setae, and 226 short, spine-like setae; scutellum with 12 long, fine setae, 212 short, fine setae, and 109 short, spine-like setae. Spiracular area with 61 long, fine setae. Abdominal segment VI on prescutum with 22 long, fine setae, 122 short, fine setae, and 201 short, spine-like setae; subscutum with 56 short, fine seta and without short, spine-like setae; scutum with about 126 long, fine setae, 198 short, fine setae, and 198 short, spine-like setae; scutellum with about 10 long, fine setae, 118 short, fine setae, and 179 short, spine-like setae. Spiracular area with 61 long, fine setae. Abdominal segment VII with 2 rows of setae (anterior and posterior), each with 2 long, fine setae, 186 short, fine setae, and 28 short, spine-like mixed. Spiracular area with 61 long, fine setae. Abdominal segment VIII with 2 rows of setae, anterior row with 2 long, fine setae; posterior row with 4 long, fine setae, and 216 short, fine setae mixed. Spiracular area with 58 long, fine setae. Abdominal segment IX with one anterior row of 2 fine setae, and a posterior row with 4 long, fine setae mixed with 216 short, fine setae. Spiracular area with 58 long, fine setae. Abdominal segment X with approximately 124 moderate to long, fine setae and 391 short, spine-like, mixed setae. Spiracular area with 58 long, fine setae. Pleural lobes with 48 long, fine setae; short setae absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FD74FF34FCA58DE7" box="[680,768,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Raster:</emphasis>
|
||
without palidia; campus with 18 long, fine setae; teges with 125 short setae projecting toward superior anal lobe; barbula with 35–36 long, fine setae. Anal slit transverse.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B5C8EDC74FF9FFF4BF887FCFD8ACD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189154/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[188,1411,199,1867]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC74FF9FFF4BF887FCFD8ACD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1907,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC74FF9FFF4BF887FEB98AB5" bold="true" box="[151,284,1907,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC74FF9FFEF8F880FE528AB5" box="[292,503,1908,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podischnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agenor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC74FF9FFEF8F880FE528AB5" box="[292,503,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="37">Podischnus agenor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
third-instar larva. a. larva, lateral view; b. head; c. dorsal view of antennomere 4; d. ventral view of antennomere 4; e. epipharynx; f. maxilla; g. maxillar unci; h. maxillar stridulatory area; i. hypopharynx; j. right mandible, ventral view; k. right mandible, dorsal view; l. left mandible, dorsal view; m. left mandible, ventral view; n. respiratory plate; o. respiratory plate holes; p. tarsal claw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC73FF98FF1AFEC3FB708C49" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FF1AFEC3FE188C6F" bold="true" box="[198,445,311,337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Description of pupa</emphasis>
|
||
. Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F1083DC73FF98FDC4FECCFDFB8C6C" box="[536,606,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1265,1289]" captionTargetBox="[349,1232,682,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[343,1243,674,1251]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Podischnus agenor pupa. a. ventral view; b. lateral view; c. dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189155/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC73FF98FD13FECCFC9E8C6C" box="[719,827,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="38.3">38.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Width at pronotum
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC73FF98FBF6FECCFB338C6C" box="[1066,1174,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="18.6">18.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body shape elongate, oval, stout. Color dark reddish orange. Entire body covered with fine, velvety-gold vestiture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC73FF98FF4BFE76FC818CD9" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FF4BFE76FF728CA5" box="[151,215,386,411]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Glabrous, bent sharply beneath thorax; antennae, labrum, mandibles, maxillae and palpi discernible; antennal tecae expanded, stout, with rounded apex. Compound eyes sunken, scarcely visible. Frontoclypeus with strong, wide, massive horn; apex broadly rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC73FF98FF19FE06FB308F42" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FF19FE06FEBF8F35" box="[197,282,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum: glabrous, anteromedial tubercle with rounded apex. Elytral and posterior wing tecae closely appressed, curved ventrally around body; elytral tecae extending to middle of abdominal segment IV; posterior wing tecae extending to middle of abdominal segment V. Protibia with 3 distinct teeth on external edge. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with inner and external spines well developed at apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B5C8EDC73FF98FF4BFB05FB848836" box="[151,1057,1265,1289]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189155/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[349,1232,682,1242]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC73FF98FF4BFB05FB848836" blockId="4.[151,1057,1265,1289]" box="[151,1057,1265,1289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FF4BFB05FEBC8837" bold="true" box="[151,281,1265,1289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC73FF98FEFCFB05FE488836" box="[288,493,1265,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podischnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agenor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FEFCFB05FE488836" box="[288,493,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Podischnus agenor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupa. a. ventral view; b. lateral view; c. dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC73FF98FF19FACEFC098B31" blockId="4.[151,1437,1338,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FF19FACEFE9D886D" box="[197,312,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Segments III–X well defined in ventral view. Segment VII slightly longer than preceding segment, VIII 0.25 times longer than segment VII; segments VIII and IX fused. Segment X with small and slightly prominent genital ampulla. Segments I–X with well-defined dioneiform organs in dorsal view, sclerotized between segments I–VII. Pleural lobes rounded. Spiracle I elongate, with fine peritreme and covered by wing thecae; spiracles II–IV ovate, prominent, with strongly sclerotized peritreme; spiracle V–VIII closed. Abdominal apex rounded, with fine and short setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC73FF98FF19F9EEFC358B64" blockId="4.[151,1437,1338,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Female. As male except in the following respects: Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC73FF98FC54F9EEFC528B0A" box="[904,1015,1562,1588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.82" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="38.2">38.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Width at pronotum
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC73FF98FB33F9EEFAED8B0A" box="[1263,1352,1562,1588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FA88F9EEFA308B0D" box="[1364,1429,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Without tubercle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FEB6F9B4FE448B67" box="[362,481,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Segment X without genital ampulla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E5F8DDC73FF98FF19F991FDC58ACA" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC73FF98FF19F991FEA98A2A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1338,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FF19F991FE928B41" bold="true" box="[197,311,1637,1663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The following characters will separate the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC73FF98FC7EF991FBB48B40" box="[930,1041,1637,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podischnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agenor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FC7EF991FC148B40" box="[930,945,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FC62F991FBB48B40" box="[958,1041,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">agenor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other Neotropical dynastine larvae: anterior frontal setae and posterior frontal setae present; laeophoba with 24 short, fine setae; stridulatory area with 10–11 blunt, truncate ridges; antennomere 4 with 10 dorsal sensory spots; spiracles on abdominal segments I–IV similar in size; spiracles on segments VII–VIII larger than those on preceding segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC73FF98FF19F8EBFDC58ACA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1338,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FF19F8EBFE2F8A07" bold="true" box="[197,394,1823,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Natural History</emphasis>
|
||
. Adults have been primarily collected at lights at night. They have been observed flying between 20:00 – 05:00. The adults had been taken between March, when the first rains start, through July. The males excavate a gallery in a stalk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC73FF98FDB8F89FFC928ABA" box="[612,823,1899,1924]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guadua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FDB8F89FFC928ABA" box="[612,823,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Bambusa guadua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
H. & B. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC73FF98FC6EF89EFBBC8ABA" box="[946,1049,1898,1924]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or sugarcane (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC571F7DC73FF98FB08F89EFA2A8ABA" author="Eberhard" box="[1236,1423,1898,1924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" refString="Eberhard, W. G. (1979) The function of horns in Podischnus agenor (Dynastinae) and other beetles (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), pp. 231 - 258. In: Blum, M. S. & Blum, N. A. (eds.) Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects. Academic Press, New York, 474 pp." type="book chapter" year="1979">Eberhard 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mating occurs inside the stalk. Both beetles exit when mating is over. The larvae have been observed feeding in dead, rotten wood of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC73FF98FE70F841FDC98AF0" box="[428,620,1973,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FE70F841FDC98AF0" box="[428,620,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">Cedrela odorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC73FF98FD47F841FCBF8AF1" box="[667,794,1973,1999]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The pupal stage lasts from January to March. The life cycle is of one year (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC571F7DC73FF98FE56F82EFDF18ACA" author="Neita" box="[394,596,2010,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" refString="Neita, J. C., Orozco, J. & Ratcliffe, B. C. (2006) Escarabajos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Pleurosticti) de la selva baja del bosque pluvial tropical " bp-T ", Choco, Colombia. Acta Zoologica Mexicana, 22, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Neita
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC73FF98FE0EF82FFDA08ACA" box="[466,517,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E5F8DDC72FF99FF19FF63FB268DE9" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB0C06DC72FF99FF19FF63FB268DE9" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC72FF99FF19FF63FEC58D8F" bold="true" box="[197,352,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C547785DC72FF99FEB3FF6CFDF18D8F" box="[367,596,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podischnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agenor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920D014DC72FF99FEB3FF6CFDF18D8F" box="[367,596,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="39">Podischnus agenor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3434C96DC72FF99FC9CFF6CFC3E8D8C" box="[832,923,152,178]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="39">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3434C96DC72FF99FC1EFF6CFB808D8C" box="[962,1061,152,178]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="39">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC571F7DC72FF99FBE9FF6CFB798D8C" author="Endrodi" box="[1077,1244,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Endrodi, S. (1976) Monographie der Dynastinae 5. Tribus: Oryctini (die Arten von America) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 29, 9 - 174." type="journal article" year="1976">Endrödi 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC571F7DC72FF99FB35FF6CFA828D8C" author="Endrodi" box="[1257,1319,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the World. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC571F7DC72FF99FAE9FF6CFF728DE9" author="Ratcliffe" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. (2003) The dynastinae scarab beetles of Costa Rica and Panama (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 16, 1 - 506." type="journal article" year="2003">Ratcliffe 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3434C96DC72FF99FDDAFF49FDDF8DE9" box="[518,634,189,215]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="39">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in forest areas from the sea level to
|
||
<quantity id="4CACA1E3DC72FF99FBFEFF49FBDB8DE9" box="[1058,1150,189,215]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |