869 lines
115 KiB
XML
869 lines
115 KiB
XML
<document id="FC33CA81CD4EA66CD9E751517D4E5B24" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3636.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca21decb-1fb9-4128-aed1-6919131bfde9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283575" ID-ZooBank="4AD25B04-D6FA-40DD-B254-EF670DF81CC9" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460587839005" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhao, Qing, Rédei, Dávid & Bu, Wenjun" docDate="2013" docId="03FD7F5BFFB0C92BFF3FA03B4612F94A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03636p084.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3636 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pinthaeus sanguinipes Fabricius 1781" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FFC40723FFB2C920FFA8A4044367FF95" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Pinthaeus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698325520663" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="7819F76B2743F758367A7598565A2075" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CF93B1E5FE95785D0AC59EBA2429158F">
|
||
<mods:title id="BC458B0BA2FF97EDDA3ECEC84688E36B">A revision of the genus Pinthaeus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="2E2E9D988E91036C85B1B0D810F10AC2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2FB7A070D4957EA9CFB2A53BB03775E3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F8FB1F5440EDA97DC69F5AC9821F4219">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="805F76C1348ED401EA0A118CCC164533">Zhao, Qing</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BFE2005A7703EBF51E7237295DA921EA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B7B27561881E803C2786E9C7F2729419">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="EFE0ED247848D1956E7C125E1692FC28">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DC5B055BF11CE9E34F1C339CE7FE1708">Rédei, Dávid</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0F7AB2DBE324BDBD0394BEE84E273EA1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="98BAF12140FF6E128C38BD0E28CB849E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="468B07934B42DA129DBADCB585F477E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C339638533C6D3B3B58984A726766B3C">Bu, Wenjun</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="AE61164A4A557383F1555C79776DA1D3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="E574DEFA77D23A962BEEDA35AE8DDCC4" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="273347A6884EEBBD2F02C806E64B62C1">
|
||
<mods:title id="1F36C61BA7B8476E7E686106EE23C174">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="AFE1008280061FF25EF998B102993655">
|
||
<mods:date id="024C4E709B0B8DBC402F5CA8C79CE2F1">2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7D174F34056066199D0424B1AF7DAEF4" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="4427F67CB30F788CBDCEF1316FA70066">3636</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4CB7C09DD1DB817F820BEC8843AD40E4" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="6255D810086933277E5D400786787CDB">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="B29CD5FC9C982FC748315170989C4803" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="96D06FDB9EC452A1BDC68A302226789C">59</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="5BB2D48582D92F4D768EFDCA7D5C392D">84</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B91FB346035F41484D2AC1207F4D66D1">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8461E7B9C5EADFE62173888FE22F3041" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3636.1.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E9458D8FFB9BAD01864D2F104CD67035" type="GBIF-Dataset">ca21decb-1fb9-4128-aed1-6919131bfde9</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1F4BCF87238EDF100C431CCB51D34BC9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="21931D2C287979803F1B1FD8C7FD33F4" type="Zenodo-Dep">283575</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="695E932F4DCB407739E82E168D7A874E" type="ZooBank">4AD25B04-D6FA-40DD-B254-EF670DF81CC9</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03FD7F5BFFB0C92BFF3FA03B4612F94A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689918" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127663718" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD7F5BFFB0C92BFF3FA03B4612F94A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD7F5BFFB0C92BFF3FA03B4612F94A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E9DC6FFB0C922FF3FA03B4023FB55" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB0C922FF3FA03B41E4FBCC" blockId="2.[151,643,1087,1146]" box="[151,643,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<heading id="D0A37921FFB0C922FF3FA03B41E4FBCC" bold="true" box="[151,643,1087,1113]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FF3FA03B41E4FBCC" authority="Fabricius, 1781" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1781" box="[151,643,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FF3FA03B41E4FBCC" bold="true" box="[151,643,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FF3FA03B42CEFBCC" bold="true" box="[151,425,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Pinthaeus sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1781)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB0C922FF3FA066426AFBEF" blockId="2.[151,643,1087,1146]" box="[151,269,1122,1146]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB0C922FF3FA066426AFBEF" box="[151,269,1122,1146]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStart-2="FIGURES 31 – 32" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1867,1890]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1415,213,1820]" captionTargetBox-1="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1417,193,1947]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1846]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Habitus photos of various specimens of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 1 – 2, lectotype of P. sanguinipes (Fabricius): 1, dorsal view; 2, its labels; 3, non-type female (Hungary: Simontornya), dorsal view; 4 – 6, holotype of P. humeralis Horváth: 4, dorsal view; 5, lateral view; 6, its labels. Scale in mm; labels not to scale. Figs. 1 – 2: © ZMUC, photographed by N. Akkari; Figs. 4 – 6: © HNHM." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." captionText-2="FIGURES 31 – 32. Distribution of Pinthaeus sanguinipes in the West Palaearctic (Fig. 31) and East Asia (Fig. 32). In Fig. 32 numbers – refer to localities of specimens with differently developed humeral angle as illustrated in the left; photos of the same specimens are shown in Figs. 9 and 11 – 14." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/283576/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/283578/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figs. 1–32</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB0C922FF3FA0AF4023FB55" blockId="2.[151,1360,1194,1340]" box="[151,836,1194,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FF3FA0AF4156FB55" authority="Fabricius, 1781: 344" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="1781" box="[151,561,1194,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FF3FA0AF4230FB55" box="[151,343,1195,1216]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Cimex sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1781: 344
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF70EFFFB0C922FD93A0AF41F2FB54" box="[571,661,1195,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
(s):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB0C922FD1EA0AE418FFB55" box="[694,744,1194,1216]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
; ZMUC!
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E9DC6FFB0C922FF3FA0CE401FFAAE" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB0C922FF3FA0CE401FFAAE" blockId="2.[151,1360,1194,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FF3FA0CE42B4FB4A" authority="Costa, 1842: 299" authorityName="Costa" authorityPageNumber="299" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,467,1226,1247]" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="genei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FF3FA0CE427AFB4A" box="[151,285,1226,1247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Asopus genei</emphasis>
|
||
Costa, 1842: 299
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF70EFFFB0C922FE74A0CD4159FB4A" box="[476,574,1225,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB0C922FDE0A0CD4110FB4A" box="[584,631,1225,1247]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Astroni, near Naples; ZIUN. Synonymized by Baerensprung (1860: 5).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FF3FA0ED4236FB6B" box="[151,337,1256,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" genus="Pentatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FF3FA0ED4236FB6B" box="[151,337,1256,1278]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Pentatoma rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non Linnaeus, 1758): Kato (1933: [legend to plate 5]). Misidentification (Kiritshenko 1961: 444).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FF3FA1034152FA89" authority="Horvath, 1911: 432" authorityName="Horvath" authorityPageNumber="432" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,565,1286,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FF3FA103420FFA88" box="[151,360,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Pinthaeus humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
Horváth, 1911: 432
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF70EFFFB0C922FD97A10241FAFA89" box="[575,669,1286,1308]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(Ƥ):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB0C922FD7DA1024072FA89" box="[725,789,1286,1308]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Yunnan, “Tali” [= Dali]; HNHM! New synonym.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FF3FA1214159FAA9" authority="Reuter (1909: 94)" authorityName="Reuter" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,574,1317,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sangvinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FF3FA121421EFAAE" box="[151,377,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Pinthaeus sangvinipes</emphasis>
|
||
: Reuter (1909: 94)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E9DC6FFB0C924FF3FA1634623FCC9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB0C924FF3FA1634623FCC9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1383,2021]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,1940]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FF3FA1634247FA15" bold="true" box="[151,288,1383,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">References.</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius 1787: 283 (diagnosis), Villers 1789: 491 (diagnosis, distribution), 692 (listed), Petagna 1792: 631 (diagnosis, distribution), Fabricius 1794: 93 (diagnosis, redescription, distribution), Fabricius 1803: 156 (diagnosis, distribution), Latreille 1804: 188 (diagnosis, distribution), Schilling 1844: 180 (diagnosis), Herrich- Schäffer 1835: 93 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FEDEA1D04280FA79" box="[374,487,1492,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Herrich-Schäffer 1839: 101 (diagnosis, habitus, record), Costa 1847: 396 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FAF0A1D146F3FA79" box="[1368,1428,1493,1516]" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="genei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FAF0A1D146F3FA79" box="[1368,1428,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">genei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redescription, record), Gorski 1852: 120 (redescription, record), Dohrn 1859: 7 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FB2DA1F34792F99A" box="[1157,1269,1527,1551]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Baerensprung 1860: 5 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FE34A218416BF9A1" box="[412,524,1564,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, synonymy, distribution), Fieber 1861: 348 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FC55A21947E4F9A1" box="[1021,1155,1565,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FC55A21947E4F9A1" box="[1021,1155,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FB10A2194792F9A1" box="[1208,1269,1565,1588]" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="genei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FB10A2194792F9A1" box="[1208,1269,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">genei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redescription, distribution), Mulsant & Rey 1866: 336 (redescription, distribution), Walker 1867: 123 (listed, records), Garbiglietti 1869: 48 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FE3EA261417BF9E9" box="[406,540,1637,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FE3EA261417BF9E9" box="[406,540,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FD83A261410FF9E9" box="[555,616,1637,1660]" genus="Asopus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="genei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FD83A261410FF9E9" box="[555,616,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">genei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, distribution), Stål 1870: 46 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FBACA2604713F9E9" box="[1028,1140,1636,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Scott 1874: 289 (listed), Puton 1875: 15 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FE74A283412BF90A" box="[476,588,1671,1695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Puton 1881: 78 (redescription, records, distribution), Horváth 1883: 25 (record), Autran & Reuter 1888: 199 (record), Reuter 1888: 515 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FC49A2A84735F951" box="[993,1106,1708,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Reuter 1890: 238 (records), Coubeaux 1891: ccclxxxix (listed), Hüeber 1891: 76 (distribution), Griffini 1894: 87 (redescription, records), Lethierry & Severin 1893: 216 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FDA0A2F0411FF899" box="[520,632,1780,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Giglio-Tos 1894: 4 (doubtful record), Horváth 1897: 21 (records), Puton 1899: 17 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FE65A3134159F8BA" box="[461,574,1815,1839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Chopard 1905: 130 (record), Oshanin 1906: 152 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FB25A313479AF8BA" box="[1165,1277,1815,1839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Montandon 1907: 59 (records), Schouteden 1907: 40 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FCE8A33840D7F8C1" box="[832,944,1852,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution, habitus), Reuter 1909: 94 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FF08A3654243F8ED" box="[160,292,1889,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sangvinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB0C922FF08A3654243F8ED" box="[160,292,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sangvinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, record, habitat), Kirkaldy 1909: 14 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FCA1A364401EF8ED" box="[777,889,1888,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Oshanin 1910: 62 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FA80A36446FFF8ED" box="[1320,1432,1888,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Schumacher 1910a: 264 (in key), Schmacher 1910b: 380 (habitus, records, habitat, phenology), Kiritshenko 1911: 41 (record, distribution), Oshanin 1912: 18 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB0C922FC2CA3AC4093F855" box="[900,1012,1960,1984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Kiritshenko 1916: 80 (record), Kiritshenko 1918: 55 (records), Gulde 1921: 356 (records, distribution, habitat, phenology, prey, larva), Seabra 1924: 25 (redescription, habitus, record), Stichel 1925: 34 (diagnosis, biology, distribution), Seabra 1926a: 161 (redescription, habitus, food, phenology, record), Seabra 1926b: 59 (record), Seabra 1929: 78 (diagnosis, distribution, prey, phenology), Hoffmann 1932: 7 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FD7BA4E44024FF6D" box="[723,835,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD7BA4E44024FF6D" box="[723,835,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed), Reclaire 1932: 82 (distribution), Rosenkranz 1939: 304 (midgut crypt symbionts), Gulde 1934: 170 (redescription, distribution, habitat, prey), Lindberg 1934: 6 (records), Hoffmann 1935: 107, 174 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FD91A52C41CEFED5" box="[569,681,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD91A52C41CEFED5" box="[569,681,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FD1EA5234043FEAA" box="[694,804,295,319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Stichel 1935: 362 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FB31A523466DFEAA" box="[1177,1290,295,319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Yang 1935: 106 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FF7BA5484224FEF1" box="[211,323,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FF7BA5484224FEF1" box="[211,323,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reproduction of original description and figure), Bodenheimer 1937: 200 (listed), Ookubo 1937: 115 (records), Stichel 1938: 436 (distribution), Tempel 1939: 51 (photo of larva, records, mass occurrence, prey, distribution), Seabra 1941: 13 (listed), Balthasar 1942: 26 (record), Dupuis 1947: 54 (description and figures of 5th instar larva), Ishihara 1947: 67 (distribution), Gravestein 1949: XXV (record, distribution, diagnostic characters), Dupuis 1949: 238 (in key), 241 (in key to larvae), 245 (figure of head and pronotum, distribution, habitat, prey, phenology), Vidal 1949: 204 (redescription, distribution), Kiritshenko 1951: 344 (distribution), Reclaire 1951: 4 (record), Esaki 1952: 208 (redescription, habitus, distribution), Takeuchi 1955: 45 (photo, record, distribution, habitat), Hoberlandt 1956: 205 (record, distribution), Nagy 1957: 263 (photo, record, prey, biology, behaviour, phenology, distribution), Halászfy 1959: 78 (redescription, figure, biology, distribution), Putshkov 1961: 309 (redescription, larva, distribution, habitat, biology, prey, phenology), Stichel 1961a: 653 (redescription, habitus, habitat, distribution), Stichel 1961b: 767 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FD36A6B14044FD59" box="[670,803,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD36A6B14044FD59" box="[670,803,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FC94A6B040CBFD59" box="[828,940,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FC94A6B040CBFD59" box="[828,940,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, distribution), Wagner 1961: 159 (diagnosis, habitat), Stichel 1962: 248 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FDFAA6D341A5FD7A" box="[594,706,727,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Yang 1962: 52 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FBB4A6DC47EBFD65" box="[1052,1164,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FBB4A6DC47EBFD65" box="[1052,1164,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in key), 65 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FA8DA6DC46F2FD65" box="[1317,1429,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FA8DA6DC46F2FD65" box="[1317,1429,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redescription, host plant, distribution), Zebe 1963: 25 (record, habitat, abundance), Kerzhner & Jaczewski 1964: 844 (diagnosis, distribution), Servadei 1964: 76 (spermatheca, figure), Zimsen 1964: 314 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF70EFFFB1C923FB30A71B47ADFCA2" box="[1176,1226,799,823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material), Wagner 1966: 77 (redescription, figure, habitat, prey, phenology, distribution), Servadei 1967: 520 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FB38A7404667FCC9" box="[1168,1280,836,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Josifov 1969: 58 (records, distribution), Lughofer 1972: 106 (record), Rieger 1972: 161 (record, distribution), Hsiao & Cheng 1977: 80 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FE62A788415DFC31" box="[458,570,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FE62A788415DFC31" box="[458,570,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FDE2A78941B7FC31" box="[586,720,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FDE2A78941B7FC31" box="[586,720,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in key, redescription, distribution), Josifov & Kerzhner 1978: 181 (records), Dioli 1979: 86 (records, distribution), Rieger 1979: 267 (conservation), Tomokuni 1979: 104 (distribution), Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FE39A7D142A9FC79" box="[401,462,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1980: 24 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FDFEA7D041A1FC79" box="[598,710,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FDFEA7D041A1FC79" box="[598,710,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, record, phenology), Josifov 1981: 185 (redescription, figure, distribution), Zhang & Lin 1981: 136 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FDEEA7FC41D1FB85" box="[582,694,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FDEEA7FC41D1FB85" box="[582,694,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, record, distribution), Gidayatov 1982: 117 (distribution, records), Lodos & Önder 1983: 223 (record, distribution, prey), Chen & Yang 1984: 99 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FBBBA01847E4FBA1" box="[1043,1155,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FBBBA01847E4FBA1" box="[1043,1155,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, distribution), Kis 1984: 186 (redescription, habitus, figures, genitalia, biology, distribution), Wu 1984: 37 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FB7AA0444625FBCD" box="[1234,1346,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FB7AA0444625FBCD" box="[1234,1346,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, records), Dioli 1985: 230 (records, diagnosis, figure of head and pronotum, habitus, biology), Jiang 1985: 59 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FF08A08C4277FB35" box="[160,272,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FF08A08C4277FB35" box="[160,272,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, records), Josifov 1986: 90 (distribution), Zhang 1986: 426 (listed), Chen 1987: 155 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FA8DA08C46F2FB35" box="[1317,1429,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FA8DA08C46F2FB35" box="[1317,1429,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redescription, habitus, phenology, distribution), Dioli 1987: 617 (listed), Ji 1987: 23 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FB67A0A84658FB51" box="[1231,1343,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FB67A0A84658FB51" box="[1231,1343,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, distribution), Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FE28A0D542DEFB7D" box="[384,441,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987: 126 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FDECA0D441D3FB7D" box="[580,692,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FDECA0D441D3FB7D" box="[580,692,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in key, distribution, figures), Stehlík 1987: 190 (records, habitat, distribution, phenology, biology, prey, distribution, egg, figure), Kanyukova 1988: 929 (diagnosis, habitat, distribution), Zhang & Lin 1988: 76 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FD95A11C41CAFAA5" box="[573,685,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD95A11C41CAFAA5" box="[573,685,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, records), Zheng
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FCDCA11D40CBFAA5" box="[884,940,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1988: 2 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FBB1A11C47EEFAA5" box="[1049,1161,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FBB1A11C47EEFAA5" box="[1049,1161,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, record), Aukema 1989: 1 (distribution), Chan
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FE0DA1394283FAC1" box="[421,484,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989: 282 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FD2AA1384195FAC1" box="[642,754,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD2AA1384195FAC1" box="[642,754,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, prey), Miyamoto & Yasunaga 1989: 187 (listed, distribution), Günther & Schuster 1990: 391 (listed), Heiss & Josifov 1990: 146 (distribution), Lis 1990: 67 (records, distribution, biology), Ribes 1990: (record, distribution, diagnostic characters), Ren 1992: 34 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FA8DA18046F2FA09" box="[1317,1429,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FA8DA18046F2FA09" box="[1317,1429,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, egg, larva), Zhang & Lin 1992: 19 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FD9DA1AC41C2FA55" box="[565,677,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD9DA1AC41C2FA55" box="[565,677,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed), Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FCF3A1AD40F2FA55" box="[859,917,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992: 231 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FB8AA1AC47F5FA55" box="[1058,1170,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FB8AA1AC47F5FA55" box="[1058,1170,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redescription, habitus, record, distribution), Tomokuni 1993: 235, plate 124 (redescription, habitat, prey, distribution, records), Kim & Lee 1994: 220 (spermatheca), Thomas 1994: 193 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FD1AA1F5405FF99D" box="[690,824,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD1AA1F5405FF99D" box="[690,824,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FCE2A1F440DDF99D" box="[842,954,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FCE2A1F440DDF99D" box="[842,954,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FC63A1F4475EF99D" box="[971,1081,1520,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Zhang 1994: 35 (listed), Chen 1995: 31 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FE03A210417CF9B9" box="[427,539,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FE03A210417CF9B9" box="[427,539,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redescription, habitus, larva, distribution, prey), Faraci & Rizzotti Vlach 1995: 46 (listed, distribution), Redl & Kallenborn 1995: 21 (etymology), Ribes & Goula 1995: 59 (record), Rabitsch & Waitzbauer 1996: 207 (record), Rieger 1996: 251 (listed), Bu & Zheng 1997: 191 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FB9CA25847C3F9E1" box="[1076,1188,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FB9CA25847C3F9E1" box="[1076,1188,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redescription, figure, records, distribution), Derzhansky 1997: 19 (listed), Hoberlandt 1997: 270, 277 (record, distribution), Lukashuk 1997: 33 (distribution), Shen & Shi 1998: 231 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FD6DA2A04052F929" box="[709,821,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD6DA2A04052F929" box="[709,821,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, records), Dolling
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FBC9A2A147FAF929" box="[1121,1181,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999: 81 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FAB7A2A046F7F929" box="[1311,1424,1700,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Kondorosy 1999: 148 (listed), Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD98A2CD410BF975" box="[560,620,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999: 63 (redescription, habitus, record, distribution), Hua 2000: 178 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FF08A2E94241F891" box="[160,294,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FF08A2E94241F891" box="[160,294,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FE91A2E842CEF891" box="[313,425,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FE91A2E842CEF891" box="[313,425,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, distribution, prey), Friess 2000: 68 (photo, record, habitat, prey, distribution), Günther & Schuster 2000: 53 (distribution), Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD1DA315418AF8BD" box="[693,749,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000: 38 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FCCEA315408BF8BD" box="[870,1004,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FCCEA315408BF8BD" box="[870,1004,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FC51A314470EF8BD" box="[1017,1129,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FC51A314470EF8BD" box="[1017,1129,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Lis 2000: 66 (redescription, distribution, habitat, prey, phenology), Rieger 2000: 203 (rearing, biology, prey, development, egg, larval instars, photos, figures, records), Ding
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FD31A35D41B4F8E5" box="[665,723,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001: 98 (zoogeography), Kment & Bryja 2001: 242 (record), Kondorosy 2001: 130 (listed), Kwon
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FDEBA379411AF801" box="[579,637,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001: 403 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FCA1A378401EF801" box="[777,889,1916,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, records, distribution, habitat), Protiċ 2001: 196 (records), Tolsgaard 2001: 24, 38 (photo, record, biology, map), Rider & Zheng 2002: 111 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FB3AA3A44665F82D" box="[1170,1282,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FB3AA3A44665F82D" box="[1170,1282,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FAA7A3A546F2F82D" box="[1295,1429,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FAA7A3A546F2F82D" box="[1295,1429,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Baugnée
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FE0DA3C14282F849" box="[421,485,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003: 49 (listed), Guo & Zheng 2003: 90 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB1C923FBACA3C04713F849" box="[1028,1140,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB1C923FBACA3C04713F849" box="[1028,1140,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in key), Lin 2003: 111 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FF08A49D4241FF25" box="[160,294,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FF08A49D4241FF25" box="[160,294,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FE93A49C42CCFF25" box="[315,427,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FE93A49C42CCFF25" box="[315,427,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Bartels
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FD15A49D419AFF25" box="[701,765,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004: 247 (listed, conservation), Negrobova 2005: 316 (records), Rabitsch 2005: 56 (listed), Wang & Liu 2005: 282 (record, distribution), Bryja & Kment 2006: 290 (records), Dusoulier & Lupoli 2006: 34 (listed, distribution, biology), Gapon & Konstantinov 2006: 810 (records, phallus), Li
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FE8FA5014204FE89" box="[295,355,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 310 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FE5FA5004100FE89" box="[503,615,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FE5FA5004100FE89" box="[503,615,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FDD1A5014198FE89" box="[633,767,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FDD1A5014198FE89" box="[633,767,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, records), Liu & Ju 2006: 327 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FB65A500465AFE89" box="[1229,1341,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FB65A500465AFE89" box="[1229,1341,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed), Nikolaeva 2006: 116 (records, distribution), Rabitsch 2006: 509 (listed), Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FBA2A52D4723FED5" box="[1034,1092,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 274 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FB67A52C4658FED5" box="[1231,1343,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FB67A52C4658FED5" box="[1231,1343,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed), Rider 2006: 244 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FECDA54842B2FEF1" box="[357,469,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FECDA54842B2FEF1" box="[357,469,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FE4DA549410CFEF1" box="[485,619,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FE4DA549410CFEF1" box="[485,619,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FDD4A548418DFEF1" box="[636,746,332,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Enju 2007: 95 (record), Guo
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FB4CA5494678FEF1" box="[1252,1311,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007: 343 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FF08A5744277FE1D" box="[160,272,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FF08A5744277FE1D" box="[160,272,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FE88A57542C1FE1D" box="[288,422,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FE88A57542C1FE1D" box="[288,422,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, diet), He
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FDC5A57541C0FE1D" box="[621,679,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007: 95 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FC8EA57540CBFE1D" box="[806,940,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FC8EA57540CBFE1D" box="[806,940,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FC14A574474BFE1D" box="[956,1068,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FC14A574474BFE1D" box="[956,1068,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, records), Li & He 2007: 349 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FF7BA591423EFE39" box="[211,345,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FF7BA591423EFE39" box="[211,345,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FEC0A59042BFFE39" box="[360,472,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FEC0A59042BFFE39" box="[360,472,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, record), Rabitsch 2007: 49, 53, 212 (colour photo, distribution, habitat, prey, conservation), Gogala 2008: 108 (records), Harmat 2008: 48 (record), Hanel & Kment 2009: 34 (diagnostic characters, photos, biology, records), Linnavuori 2008: 7 (record, distribution), Mohaghegh 2008: 2 (listed), Protiċ 2008: 198 (record), Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FE04A6054282FD8D" box="[428,485,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008: 195 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FDC6A6054193FD8D" box="[622,756,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FDC6A6054193FD8D" box="[622,756,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FCABA6044014FD8D" box="[771,883,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FCABA6044014FD8D" box="[771,883,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, record, diet), Wachmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FB35A60547B1FD8D" box="[1181,1238,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008: 89 (photos of adult and larvae, distribution, habitat, prey, phenology), Aukema & Hermes 2009: 74 (record, distribution, prey, habitat, phenology, photo of larva), 87 (listed), Aukema
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FCECA64D40E3FDF5" box="[836,900,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009: 29 (record, distribution, habitat, prey, phenology), Esser 2009: 127 (records, distribution), Hebda & Przewożny 2009: 65 (record), Kanyukova & Vinokurov 2009: 60 (record), Kment
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FDEBA695411AFD3D" box="[579,637,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009: 43 (photos, records, distribution, biology, long-term population changes), Neimorovets 2010: 96 (records), Péricart 2010: 205 (redescription, figures, photos, egg. larva. habitat, biology, prey, phenology, records, distribution), Ren & Ba 2010: 139 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FC1DA6DC4742FD65" box="[949,1061,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FC1DA6DC4742FD65" box="[949,1061,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, record, distribution), Vinokurov
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FF3FA6F943B7FC81" box="[151,208,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010: 244 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FEF2A6F842ADFC81" box="[346,458,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distribution), Wyniger & Kment 2010: 264 (in key, photo), Baužys 2011: 9: (record), Bury 2011: 1 (record, photos, habitat, biology), Kment & Kejval 2011: 45 (record), Protiċ 2011: 123 (record), Tarnawski 2011: 22 (records, distribution), Kment & Baňař 2012: 598 (records, distribution, habitat, prey).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E9DC6FFB6C924FF6FA7634676F99D" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB6C924FF6FA76342C7FC30" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FF6FA7634226FC15" bold="true" box="[199,321,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Being the single included species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB6C924FCA8A76C4017FC15" box="[768,880,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FCA8A76C4017FC15" box="[768,880,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Pinthaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it can be diagnosed by the combination of the characters of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB6C924FF6FA7AB4676F99D" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FF6FA7AB4213FC5D" bold="true" box="[199,372,943,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FED7A7B442AAFC5D" box="[383,461,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FDE3A7AB41DFFC52" box="[587,696,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1867,1890]" captionTargetBox="[166,1415,213,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1846]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Habitus photos of various specimens of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 1 – 2, lectotype of P. sanguinipes (Fabricius): 1, dorsal view; 2, its labels; 3, non-type female (Hungary: Simontornya), dorsal view; 4 – 6, holotype of P. humeralis Horváth: 4, dorsal view; 5, lateral view; 6, its labels. Scale in mm; labels not to scale. Figs. 1 – 2: © ZMUC, photographed by N. Akkari; Figs. 4 – 6: © HNHM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283576/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figs. 3–5</figureCitation>
|
||
) dark brown or reddish-brown, with black or brown punctures; head black, lateral margin and midline occasionally with yellow to red callosity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FBF1A7D047C5FC79" box="[1113,1186,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) which is sometimes extensive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FEB9A7F34232FB9A" box="[273,341,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); antenna black, except basal two-third of segment IV yellow; rostrum yellowish to light brown, segment IV darker; anterior lobe and humeral processes of pronotum greatly black due to confluent black punctures, lateral margin with yellow to red callosity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FD5FA03B405DFBC2" box="[759,826,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) which is sometimes extensive, occasionally occupies most of anterior lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FE3AA06042B0FBE9" box="[402,471,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior lobe, scutellum, clavus and corium of fore wings brown, lateral callosities and apex of scutellum whitish to yellow, membrane smoky brown; legs yellowish brown to brown, frequently reddish, femora with yellow longitudinal patches ventrally, mid and hind tibiae with a distinct yellow annulus occupying middle third; tarsi brown, apical segment black; dorsum of abdomen black, connexivum with middle third of segments III–VI and posterior two-third of segment VII yellow. Venter yellow to reddish with black markings as follows: ventral surface of mandibular plates; a black spots at ventral surface of humeral process, along callose lateral margin of propleuron, and around prothoracic supracoxal lobes due to confluent black punctation; more or less extensive spots on pterothoracic pleura mainly sublaterally, at supracoxal lobes, and at apex of peritreme of metathoracic scent gland ostiole; most of mesosternum except median longitudinal carina; a large median spot at base of abdominal sternites IV–VII each, patches of variable extension formed by black punctures on sternites III–VII arranged longitudinally submedially and sublaterally; a small spot surrounding spiracles II–VII each; a marginal spot occupying each intersegmental borders from segments II to VII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E9DC6FFB6C92BFF6FA2114612F94A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB6C924FF6FA21142D2F891" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FF6FA2114290F9B9" box="[199,503,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Integument and vestiture.</emphasis>
|
||
Head densely punctured and somewhat rugose, lateral margin and midline occasionally with callose areas of variable extension, sometimes occupying majority of dorsal surface of head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FAC6A23343C1F9E1" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior lobe of pronotum densely, posterior lobe distinctly more sparsely punctured; anterior and lateral margins of pronotum callose, callosities sometimes extensive and occupy most of anterior lobe of pronotum except cicatrices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FEB9A2A04230F929" box="[273,343,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); punctation on humeral process of pronotum dense, confluent; base of scutellum with a pair of sublateral callosities; venter with dense, colourless punctation and with several black spots which form regularly distributed black patches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB6C924FF6FA31447F9F801" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FF6FA3144263F8BD" box="[199,260,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Head</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in length to width across eyes or slightly longer than broad, about 1.65–1.7 times as broad as interocular distance; anteocular region more narrow immediately anteriad to eye than apically; mandibular plates contiguous anteriad of apex of clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FDF7A35C41C3F8E5" box="[607,676,1880,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) or separated by a narrow gap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FBB8A35C4732F8E5" box="[1040,1109,1880,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB6C924FBC4A35D47BCF8E5" box="[1132,1243,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
2.1–2.9 times as broad as long, ratio strongly varies because of variable development of humeri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD2C8FFB6C924FBBEA37847F5F801" box="[1046,1170,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1662,1685]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1641]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7 – 8) and humeral angle (9 – 14) of Pinthaeus sanguinipes. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7 – 8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9 – 14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9 – 14 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figs. 9–14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B9EC5FFB7C925FF3FA34F4216F828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283576/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[166,1415,213,1820]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB7C925FF3FA34F4216F828" blockId="5.[151,1436,1867,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB7C925FF3FA34F425EF8F4" bold="true" box="[151,313,1867,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus photos of various specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB7C925FD7CA34840DEF8F7" box="[724,953,1868,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB7C925FD7CA34840DEF8F7" box="[724,953,1868,1890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Pinthaeus sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 1–2, lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB7C925FBDDA34946E7F8F4" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1141,1408,1867,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB7C925FBDDA3494660F8F7" box="[1141,1287,1869,1890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P. sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1, dorsal view; 2, its labels; 3, non-type female (Hungary: Simontornya), dorsal view; 4–6, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB7C925FB0AA36F4619F815" authority="Horvath" authorityName="Horvath" box="[1186,1406,1898,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB7C925FB0AA36F4647F815" box="[1186,1312,1898,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">P. humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
Horváth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 4, dorsal view; 5, lateral view; 6, its labels. Scale in mm; labels not to scale. Figs. 1–2: © ZMUC, photographed by N. Akkari; Figs. 4–6: © HNHM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B9EC5FFB4C926FF3FA27A422DF89A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283577/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[174,1418,231,1619]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB4C926FF3FA27A422DF89A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1662,1807]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB4C926FF3FA27A422EF901" bold="true" box="[151,329,1662,1685]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">FIGURES 7–14.</emphasis>
|
||
Intraspecific variability of characters of head and pronotum (7–8) and humeral angle (9–14) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB4C926FA9FA27B4277F921" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB4C926FA9FA27B4277F921" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Pinthaeus sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 7, North Korea: Kumgan-san (♂); 8, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 9, China: Heilongjiang, Ning’an (Ƥ); 10, Hungary: Simontornya (Ƥ); 11, China: Hebei, Qinglong Forest Farm (Ƥ); 12, Sichuan: Baoxing (Ƥ); 13, Sichuan: Mt. Emei (Ƥ); 14, Yunnan: Maguan (Ƥ). Figs. 7–8: most exposed (anterodorsal) view; Figs. 9–14: dorsal view. Scale in mm; Figs. 9–14 not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB4C927FF6FA3334722FD32" blockId="6.[151,1437,1847,2017]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,2020]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB4C926FF6FA33341E8F8DA" box="[199,655,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">External male genitalia. Genital capsule</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs. 15–16) transversely oval in posterior view, ventral rim excised medially, with a small rounded impression below excision; intersegmental membrane IX–X with a pair of dorsal (Fig. 16: dsim9-10) and a smaller pair of ventral sclerites (Fig. 16: vsim9-10).
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB4C926FC47A3844739F802" box="[1007,1118,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Paramere</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs. 21–23) with a sharp, subtriangular, flattened blade directed laterad in rest (Fig. 16) and a short, obtuse dorsal projection.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB4C926FA97A3A246F3F82B" box="[1343,1428,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Phallus</emphasis>
|
||
. Articulatory apparatus: basal plates (Figs. 17–18: bp) extending posterolaterally, basolateral portion broadened, with a pair of short, obtuse basal projections directed anteriad; support bridge complex (Figs. 17–18: sbc) completely fused with basal plates, terminating in short dorsal connective (Fig. 17: dc) connected to a small capitate process (Fig. 17: cap); erection fluid pump (Fig. 17: erp) elongate; ductifer (Fig. 18: df) short; support bridge prolongation (Fig. 18: sbp) tubular, surrounding ductus seminis (Fig. 18: ds), attached to base of second conjunctival process. Hinge (Fig. 18: hi) strongly protruding, rounded, with rather strongly sclerotized wall. Phallotheca short, barrel-shaped (Fig. 17: phth) only slightly longer than its diameter, with an elongate phallothecal shield (Fig. 17: phths) separated from the phallotheca itself by a distinct, deep constriction; apex of phallothecal shield broadly, roundely produced ventrolaterally, broadly, somewhat angulately emarginate dorsally. Conjunctiva with a short apical lobe (Fig. 18: alc), second conjunctival process (Figs. 17–18: cp-II) divided into a pair of membranous ventrolateral lobes (Figs. 17–18: vll) and a pair of elongate, strongly sclerotized, laterally flattened, posteriorly broadly rounded medial penial plates (Figs. 17–18: mpp) fused around their middle and forming a small dorsomedian lobe of slightly variable shape (Figs. 19–20: arrow). Ductus seminis opening into endophallic reservoir around middle of its ventral surface, endophallic reservoir (Fig. 17: res) large, occupying most of inner lumen of phallotheca; endophallic duct (Figs. 17–18: end) narrow, single-walled, forming a strong loop dorsally, terminating in a narrow, horizontally directed, tubular aedeagus
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FCCDA69540C7FD3D" box="[869,928,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">s. str.</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 17: aed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB5C927FF6FA6B04013FD7A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FF6FA6B0429DFD59" box="[199,506,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Male postgenital abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Proctiger (Figs. 15–16: X+XI): segment X large and broad, completely occupying posterior opening of genital capsule, segment XI greatly reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB5C927FF6FA6F84101FB11" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FF6FA6F8411DFC81" box="[199,634,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">External female genitalia. Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
: laterotergites VIII (Figs. 24–25: lt8) broadly rounded, spiracle VIII exposed; valvifers VIII (Fig. 24: vf8) broad, medial margin straight; laterotergites IX (Figs. 24–25: lt9) broad, apically rounded; fused valvifers IX (Fig. 24: vf9) tapezoidal, broadly exposed between laterotergites IX in rest.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FF3FA7754277FC1D" box="[151,272,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Gynatrium</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 25: gy) short, with two arms anterolaterally, provided with an oval sclerite surrounding spermathecal orifice (fig. 26: os) and a horseshoe-shaped thickening anteriad of it (Fig. 26: tgw), ring sclerites could not be traced.
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FE23A7BC417AFC45" box="[395,541,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Spermatheca</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs. 27–30): proximal duct (Fig. 27: pd) relatively short, thin, of uniform diameter; dilation (Fig. 27: dil) short, transversely striate cuticle restricted at extreme base only; distal invagination (Fig. 27: div) strongly sclerotized, rather short and thick; distal duct (Fig. 27: dd) very short, approximately as long as intermediate part of spermatheca; intermediate part rather variable (Figs. 28–30), proximal flange usually rather thin and nearly conically surrounds distal duct; apical receptacle (Fig. 27: ar) rather variable, but invariably globose, lacking processes (Figs. 28–30).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB5C927FF6FA0954703FA81" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FF6FA095420EFB3D" box="[199,361,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(in mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FE7AA0954282FB3D" box="[466,485,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">N</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<date id="FFEAE88DFFB5C927FDABA094413EFB3D" box="[515,601,1168,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" value="1933-05-06">5 33 6</date>
|
||
ƤƤ). Body length 14.0–16.0 (3) / 15.0–20.0 (Ƥ); length of head 2.5–3.1, width across eyes 2.5–2.95, interocular distance 1.5–1.7; lengths of antennal segments (I) 0.3–0.4: (IIa) 1.5–1.7: (IIb) 1.6–1.8: (III) 1.7–2.0: (IV) 1.8–2.0; median length of pronotum 3.1–4.1, humeral width between apices of humeral projections 6.5–10.2; length of scutellum 4.3–5.8, width of scutellum 4.0–4.7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB5C927FF6FA1254141FA15" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FF6FA125439BFAAC" bold="true" box="[199,252,1313,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Egg.</emphasis>
|
||
Egg was described and illustrated by Stehlík (1987), Ren (1992, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FB9BA12447C4FAAD" box="[1075,1187,1312,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FB9BA12447C4FAAD" box="[1075,1187,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Rieger (2000), and Péricart (2010). SEM photos of particular structures were presented by Ren (1992, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FBC4A14047BBFAC9" box="[1132,1244,1348,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FBC4A14047BBFAC9" box="[1132,1244,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Egg batch was photographed by Tomokuni (1993).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB5C927FF6FA1894062F9A1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FF6FA189421FFA30" bold="true" box="[199,376,1420,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Larval instars.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae can be recognized by the diagnostic characters provided above for the genus. 1st–5th instars were described and photographed by Rieger (2000), 3rd–5th instars were photographed by Tomokuni (1993), 5th instar by Tempel (1939). The 5th instar larva was described by Gulde (1921), Dupuis (1947), Putshkov (1961), Chen (1995, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FE0CA1FC4173F985" box="[420,532,1528,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FE0CA1FC4173F985" box="[420,532,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Péricart (2010) some of these authors also presented illustrations. The 4th instar was photographed by Aukema & Hermes (2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB5C927FF6FA24442C4F97D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FF6FA24442D9F9CC" bold="true" box="[199,446,1600,1625]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Habitat and biology.</emphasis>
|
||
It is an arboricolous species primarily occurring in mesophilous deciduous forests and forest edges. It was recorded to occur in fir-beech forests from the sub-formation
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FB99A26146FCF9E9" box="[1073,1435,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Dentario glandulosae-Fagenion</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FF67A28C4281F935" box="[207,486,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Galio odorati-Fagenion</emphasis>
|
||
, moreover oak-hornbeam (
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FC9CA28C4764F935" box="[820,1027,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Galio-Carpinetum</emphasis>
|
||
) and linden-oak-hornbeam (
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FAF7A28C427AF951" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Tilio- Carpinetum</emphasis>
|
||
) forests (Bury 2011). In montane regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB5C927FCB2A2A8401DF951" box="[794,890,1708,1732]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
it occurs in both the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FBC4A2A947D5F951" box="[1132,1202,1709,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FBC4A2A947D5F951" box="[1132,1202,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FAB6A2A94639F951" box="[1310,1374,1709,1732]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FAB6A2A94639F951" box="[1310,1374,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-zone (Heiss & Josifov 1990).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB5C927FF6FA2F147DEF871" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
It was recorded from species of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FD02A2F1419CF899" box="[682,763,1781,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FD02A2F1419CF899" box="[682,763,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Prunus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FCA1A2F0401DF899" box="[777,890,1780,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Sambucus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FCA1A2F0401DF899" box="[777,890,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Sambucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FC20A2F04083F899" box="[904,996,1780,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FC20A2F04083F899" box="[904,996,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Populus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FC5AA2F1473DF899" box="[1010,1114,1781,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FC5AA2F1473DF899" box="[1010,1114,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Carpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FBC0A2F047CFF899" box="[1128,1192,1780,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FBC0A2F047CFF899" box="[1128,1192,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Alnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FB1EA2F14791F899" box="[1206,1270,1781,1804]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FB1EA2F14791F899" box="[1206,1270,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FAACA2F14623F899" box="[1284,1348,1781,1804]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FAACA2F14623F899" box="[1284,1348,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Picea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(earlier literature reviewed by Schumacher 1910b, further records by Dioli 1985, Friess 2000, Rieger 2000, Kment
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FACAA31D46FBF8A5" box="[1378,1436,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009), also from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FEF4A33942DDF8C1" box="[348,442,1853,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FEF4A33942DDF8C1" box="[348,442,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (Dupuis 1949, Ribes & Goula 1995, Wachmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FB8EA3394738F8C1" box="[1062,1119,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FB11A338461BF8C1" box="[1209,1404,1852,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avellana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FB11A338461BF8C1" box="[1209,1404,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Corylus avellana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (Lodos & Önder 1983), species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FD8FA365410AF8ED" box="[551,621,1889,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FD8FA365410AF8ED" box="[551,621,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FDD4A36441D3F8ED" box="[636,692,1888,1912]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FDD4A36441D3F8ED" box="[636,692,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FD5DA3644722F8ED" authority="Wachmann et al. 2008" authorityName="Wachmann et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[757,1093,1888,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FD5DA364404FF8ED" box="[757,808,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Tilia</emphasis>
|
||
(Wachmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FC69A365409CF8ED" box="[961,1019,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and occasionally from shrubs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FF08A3804381F809" box="[160,230,1924,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FF08A3804381F809" box="[160,230,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Rubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and herbaceous plants (Rieger 2000, Kment
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FD40A3814046F809" box="[744,801,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009). Although it apparently does not show an obvious preference to any tree species (Putshkov 1961), Stehlík (1987) found it only on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB5C927FBB1A3AC47AFF855" box="[1049,1224,1960,1984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB5C927FBB1A3AC47AFF855" box="[1049,1224,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Alnus glutinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Gaertn. in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB5C927FF3FA3C8422AF871" box="[151,333,1996,2020]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
; some of the above authors also emphasized its frequent occurrence on alders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFBAC928FF3FA2AD406AF82C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1705,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFBAC928FF3FA2AD4233F92A" bold="true" box="[151,340,1705,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 15–20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFBAC928FEF1A2AD4159F92A" box="[345,574,1705,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFBAC928FEF1A2AD4159F92A" box="[345,574,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Pinthaeus sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, external male genitalia and postgenital abdomen. 15–16, genital capsule: 15, ventral view; 16, posterior view; 17, phallus (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFBAC928FDB7A2CC4106F94B" box="[543,609,1736,1758]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Chongqing, Mt. Jinyun), dorsal view, right capitate process removed; 18, same, lateral view; 19, apical portion of phallus (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFBAC928FDEFA2E341C2F969" box="[583,677,1767,1788]" name="Hungary" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Kiskunfélegyháza); 20, same, lateral view. Scales in mm. Lettering: aed = aedeagus
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFBAC928FF52A3024257F88E" box="[250,304,1798,1819]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">s. str.</emphasis>
|
||
; alc = apical lobe of conjunctiva; bp = basal plates; cap = capitate process; cp-II = second conjunctival process; cre = central chamber of endophallic reservoir; dc = dorsal connective; dej = ductus ejaculatorius; df = ductifer; ds = ductus seminis; dsim9-10 = dorsal sclerite of intersegmental membrane IX–X; end = endophallic duct; erp = erection fluid pump; hi = hinge; lp = left paramere; mpp = medial penial plates; res = endophallic reservoir; sbc = support bridge complex; sbp = support bridge prolongation; phth = phallotheca; phths = phallothecal shield; vll = ventrolateral lobe of conjunctiva; vsim9-10 = ventral sclerite of intersegmental membrane IX–X; X+XI = proctiger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFBBC929FF3FA28B4118F8EB" blockId="9.[151,1436,1679,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFBBC929FF3FA28B423FF931" bold="true" box="[151,344,1679,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">FIGURES 21–30.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFBBC929FECBA28B412BF930" box="[355,588,1679,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFBBC929FECBA28B412BF930" box="[355,588,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Pinthaeus sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, external male (21–23) and female genitalia and postgenital abdomen (24–30). 21–23, right paramere, three different aspects; 24, terminalia, posteroventral view; 25, female genital and postgenital abdomen, dorsal view after removal of tergite VIII; 26, structures of dorsal wall of vagina surrounding spermathecal orifice; 27, spermatheca; 28–30, intermediate part and apical receptacle of spermatheca of different species (28:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFBBC929FB0BA2EF4667F894" box="[1187,1280,1771,1793]" name="Slovakia" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Humenné; 29:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFBBC929FF3FA30E43B0F8B5" box="[151,215,1802,1824]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Heilongjiang, Ning’an; 30:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFBBC929FE51A30E415EF8B5" box="[505,569,1802,1824]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Sichuan, Mt. Emei). Scales in mm. Lettering: ar = apical receptacle; dd = distal duct of spermatheca; dil = dilation of spermatheca; div = distal invagination of spermatheca; gy = gynatrium; lt8, lt9 = laterotergites VIII, IX; os = sclerite surrounding orifice of spermatheca; pd = proximal duct of spermatheca; tgw = thickening of gynatrial wall; vf8, vf9 = valvifers VIII, IX; X = anal tube.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B9EC5FFB8C92AFF3FA39841E3F866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283578/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" targetBox="[151,1417,193,1947]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB8C92AFF3FA39841E3F866" blockId="10.[151,1436,1948,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB8C92AFF3FA3984232F827" bold="true" box="[151,341,1948,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">FIGURES 31–32.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB8C92AFE52A3994187F826" box="[506,736,1949,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB8C92AFE52A3994187F826" box="[506,736,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Pinthaeus sanguinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the West Palaearctic (Fig. 31) and East Asia (Fig. 32). In Fig. 32 numbers – refer to localities of specimens with differently developed humeral angle as illustrated in the left; photos of the same specimens are shown in Figs. 9 and 11–14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB9C92BFF6FA4934211FC15" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
|
||
First instar larvae do not accept prey, but they readily feed on leaves and drink from drops of water (Rieger 2000). Older larvae and adults feed on various insects, although they also regularly suck plants; Nagy (1957) reported regular feeding from leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFDCCA4E44065FF6D" box="[612,770,224,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="negundo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFDCCA4E44065FF6D" box="[612,770,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Acer negundo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. In the field they primarily attack larvae of beetles and lepidopterans; literature records are available about the following taxa as prey:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFBA5A50047EBFE89" box="[1037,1164,260,284]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFB5BA500423FFEAA" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Agelastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFB5BA50046FCFE89" box="[1267,1435,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Agelastica alni</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFECBA52C418AFEAA" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[355,749,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Melasoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="populi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFECBA52C4142FED5" box="[355,549,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Melasoma populi</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFD50A52C40E7FED5" box="[760,896,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFD50A52C40E7FED5" box="[760,896,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Chrysomela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. [all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFC70A52347EFFEAA" box="[984,1160,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFB31A5234642FEAA" box="[1177,1317,295,319]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFA86A52C42D2FEF1" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Acronicta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rumicis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFA86A52C438CFEF1" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Acronicta rumicis</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFE6AA5484706FEF1" authority="Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775" authorityName="Denis & Schiffermuller" authorityYear="1775" box="[450,1121,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Subacronicta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFE6AA5484194FEF1" box="[450,755,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Subacronicta megacephala</emphasis>
|
||
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFBC5A54842EFFE12" authority="Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775" authorityName="Denis & Schiffermuller" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Panolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flammea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFBC5A548464BFEF1" box="[1133,1324,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Panolis flammea</emphasis>
|
||
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFE15A56B4151FE12" box="[445,566,367,391]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFDE0A5744762FE12" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[584,1029,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Calliteara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pudibunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFDE0A574405CFE1D" box="[584,827,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Calliteara pudibunda</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFBB9A57546FBFE12" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1041,1436,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFBB9A57547B3FE1D" box="[1041,1236,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Lymantria dispar</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFF35A590425CFE39" box="[157,315,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lymantriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFEE7A59041E3FE39" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[335,644,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Aglia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tau">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFEE7A59042DEFE39" box="[335,441,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Aglia tau</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFD3CA590407BFE39" box="[660,796,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFC98A59047C4FE39" authority="Drury, 1773" authorityName="Drury" authorityYear="1773" box="[816,1187,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFC98A5904099FE39" box="[816,1022,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Hyphantria cunea</emphasis>
|
||
(Drury, 1773)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFB1BA5904643FE39" box="[1203,1316,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arctiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
], pupae of unspecified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFE8AA5B342CEFE5A" box="[290,425,439,463]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFE4EA5BC41E4FE45" box="[486,643,440,464]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFD38A5B34050FE5A" box="[656,823,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenthredinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gulde 1921, 1934, Devantoy 1948 cited by Dupuis 1949, Nagy 1957, Putshkov 1961, Zebe 1963, Wagner 1966, Stehlík 1987, Friess 2000, Rieger 2000, Wachmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFA20A5D943D3FD8D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008, Bury 2011). On the contrary, Stehlík (1987) claimed that it did not accept
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFBF8A604479DFD8D" box="[1104,1274,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Agelastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFBF8A604479DFD8D" box="[1104,1274,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Agelastica alni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as prey under laboratory conditions, therefore the precise predator-prey relationship with this chrysomelid needs further investigation. Besides of unspecified beetles and lepidopterans, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFC24A64C409FFDCA" box="[908,1016,583,607]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">East Asia</collectingCountry>
|
||
it was reported to feed on the gypsy moth,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFF49A66941E3FD11" authority="Chan et al. 1989" authorityName="Chan et al." authorityYear="1989" box="[225,644,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFF49A66942C2FD11" box="[225,421,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Lymantria dispar</emphasis>
|
||
(Chan
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFE54A6694150FD11" box="[508,567,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Occasionally it feeds on eggs of lepidopterans, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFB4DA66943BCFD32" authority="Nagy 1957" authorityName="Nagy" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFB4DA669462BFD11" box="[1253,1356,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">L. dispar</emphasis>
|
||
(Nagy 1957)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Tempel (1939) and Stehlík (1987) listed various other insects the larvae of which were accepted under laboratory conditions. Preying efficiency is generally lower than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFC6BA6B0467DFD59" authority="Fabricius, 1794" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1794" box="[963,1306,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Arma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="custos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFC6BA6B04728FD59" box="[963,1103,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Arma custos</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1794)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a common species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFEA4A6D34211FD7A" box="[268,374,727,751]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asopinae">Asopinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
having more or less similar habits, but the preying behaviour is similar: it paralyses the prey by piercing with the stylets, and consumes usually by hanging them down (Nagy 1957). They also suck out dead insects (Stehlík 1987). Cannibalism was observed among larvae only in lack of prey (Rieger 2000). Although all instars feed on plants too (Stehlík 1987), records of this species as a forestry pest (Yang 1962, Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFB59A741464DFCC9" box="[1265,1322,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008) are certainly erroneous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB9C92BFF6FA7894762FBC2" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
|
||
It seems rather rare all over of its distribution area. In several areas of Europe the population apparently shows oscillation in rather long time scale, and in certain regions it can disappear for several decades; the reasons of this phenomenon are uncertain (Kment
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFD89A7D1413EFC79" box="[545,601,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009). Under exceptional circumstances, e.g. on alder strongly infected by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFF3FA7FC4258FB85" box="[151,319,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Agelastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFF3FA7FC4258FB85" box="[151,319,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Agelastica alni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFE1FA7FD417CFB85" box="[439,539,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Lymantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFE1FA7FD417CFB85" box="[439,539,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">L. dispar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or other caterpillars occasionally it can be abundant (Tempel 1939, Zebe 1963). In such circumstances it contributes to the control of the populations of various foliage-feeding forestry pests, but its significance is usually much smaller than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFD75A0444766FBC2" authority="Nagy 1957" authorityName="Nagy" authorityYear="1957" box="[733,1025,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Arma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="custos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFD75A044400EFBCD" box="[733,873,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Arma custos</emphasis>
|
||
(Nagy 1957)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB9C92BFF6FA060425CFA09" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
|
||
This species is univoltine in Europe. Adults overwinter in litter or under loose bark (Putshkov 1961, Stehlík 1987, Wachmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFEC3A08D42CFFB35" box="[363,424,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008). Individuals leave their refugia in May or June (Schumacher 1910b); sporadic captures of freshly emerged larvae in late autumn might indicate that occasionally larvae can overwinter too (Wachmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFE8CA0D5423AFB7D" box="[292,349,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008). Copulation occurs mostly in May; eggs are laid from beginning of June; last instar larvae and freshly emerged adults were observed around end of July and beginning of August in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFB0DA0F14796FA99" box="[1189,1265,1269,1292]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Dupuis 1947, 1949),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFF42A11D422BFAA4" box="[234,332,1305,1329]" name="Hungary" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Nagy 1957),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFE54A11C4131FAA5" box="[508,598,1304,1328]" name="Ukraine" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Putshkov 1961),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFC99A11C4080FAA5" box="[817,999,1304,1328]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Stehlík 1987) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFB7DA11C465AFAA5" box="[1237,1341,1304,1328]" name="Germany" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rieger 2000, Wachmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFECCA13942F9FAC1" box="[356,414,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008); adults were collected in June and July in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFC7AA1384772FAC1" box="[978,1045,1340,1364]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Zhang 1980, Chen 1987, both as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFF3FA1644260FAED" box="[151,263,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Pinthaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFF3FA1644260FAED" box="[151,263,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFEE7A16542E8FAED" box="[335,399,1377,1400]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ishihara
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFDA2A1654121FAED" box="[522,582,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1953). Young adults do not copulate but move to overwintering refugia (Rieger 2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB9C92BFF6FA1AC464CF9C4" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Rieger (2000) studied the reproduction and postembryonic development under laboratory conditions. Copulation takes several hours (a copula was observed for 31 hours). Eggs are laid on the upper surface of leaves. A single female was observed to lay
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5205C4FFB9C92BFD92A1F441E1F99C" box="[570,646,1520,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" type="egg">10 egg</specimenCount>
|
||
batches each composed of 32–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5205C4FFB9C92BFC41A1F44762F99D" box="[1001,1029,1520,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" type="egg">62</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC63A8FFB9C92BFBE7A1F447ECF99D" box="[1103,1163,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" unit="in" value="44.0">44 in</quantity>
|
||
average); an additional, 11th egg batch containing only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5205C4FFB9C92BFDAAA210412AF9B8" box="[514,589,1556,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" type="egg">8 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
was observed too. They hatch 12 days later in average; first instar larvae aggregate usually on lower sides of leaves. Developing from first instar to adult took 23 days in average.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCE4DFFB9C92BFF6FA25F4612F94A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFF6FA25F4209F9E1" bold="true" box="[199,366,1627,1652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is included in the Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFC8DA2584036F9E1" box="[805,849,1628,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="list">List</taxonomicName>
|
||
of threatened
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B5CEFFB9C92BFBAAA25947E1F9E1" box="[1026,1158,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Heteroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Baden-Württemberg (Rieger 1979) and Sachsen-Anhalt (Bartels
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFD3BA28541A8F90D" box="[659,719,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004) states of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFC27A2844090F90D" box="[911,1015,1664,1688]" name="Germany" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
as well as Lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438EDDFFB9C92BFB7CA2844640F90D" box="[1236,1319,1664,1688]" name="Austria" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rabitsch 2005). Because of its scarce and sporadical records and the unsatisfying knowledge on its biology and the factors controlling its abundance, its conservation status is uncertain (Rieger 1979, Bartels
|
||
<emphasis id="B920125FFFB9C92BFB96A2CD4710F975" box="[1086,1143,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004, Rabitsch 2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |