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<document id="B24AC2207BEFEC24FADC8823A238378B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191088" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5a169008-e3e8-4f54-9bfa-4618612942b9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191088" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461123532220" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cárdenas, Paco, Menegola, Carla, Rapp, Hans Tore &amp; Díaz, Maria Cristina" docDate="2009" docId="03FD6D27AA4F3219FF4B2D6ABCBFEA61" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02276p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2276" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cinachyrella alloclada Uliczka 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFC4155FAA4A321FFFDC2C1EBE47EB47" masterDocTitle="Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698596348993" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BA60F59D7F562CC300D5D584CBA032E9">Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="07C04317F8B6FC99CF13580A214E3AB7">Cárdenas, Paco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D7CC360E036447CFD465AEB86145CC9">Menegola, Carla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="096375FDB8CACF8CD0EE7CBC5DE2543E">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="1C414041428337E245DB4E1B6DC81F2E">Díaz, Maria Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="88EBF525E730DCB1C1D8298ACCB37DCB">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7A72ACEEA14EFB0307795D8CE1A19F36" type="volume">
<mods:number id="771DCA666F9826AB440D914A6DD110C1">2276</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD6D27AA4F3219FF4B2D6ABCBFEA61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689920" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689920" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD6D27AA4F3219FF4B2D6ABCBFEA61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD6D27AA4F3219FF4B2D6ABCBFEA61" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4F321AFF4B2D6ABF4AEAF7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF4B2D6ABC2BEACA" blockId="5.[151,620,371,432]" box="[151,620,371,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0A36B5DAA4F321AFF4B2D6ABC2BEACA" bold="true" box="[151,620,371,398]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4F321AFF4B2D6ABC2BEACA" authority="Uliczka, 1929" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,620,371,398]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alloclada">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF4B2D6ABC2BEACA" bold="true" box="[151,620,371,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF4B2D6ABFEEEAC9" bold="true" box="[151,425,372,398]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cinachyrella alloclada</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFE642D6DBC24EACA" author="Uliczka" box="[440,611,371,397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, supplement 16, 35 - 62, pl I." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF4B2D88BF4AEAF7" blockId="5.[151,620,371,432]" box="[151,269,406,432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4F321AFF432D88BF44EAF7" box="[159,259,406,432]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,341,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,341,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 81788]: A. Specimen in situ. Scale: 1 cm; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; C. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaenes. Scale: 20 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4F321AFF4B2DFABC4AEABC" box="[151,525,484,507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF4B2DFABC4AEABC" blockId="5.[151,1070,484,603]" box="[151,525,484,507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF4B2DFABF45EABC" box="[151,258,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Synonyms</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFED32DFABFB8EABC" author="Rutzler" box="[271,511,484,507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler &amp; Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4F321AFF4B2E1ABA69E91C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF4B2E1ABA69E91C" blockId="5.[151,1070,484,603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44FB1FAA4F321AFF4B2E1ABA69E91C" infered="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4F321AFF4B2E1ABC7DE95C" authority="Uliczka, 1929: 41" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,570,516,539]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alloclada">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF4B2E1ABF34E95C" box="[151,371,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cinachyra alloclada</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA4F321AFEA52E1ABC7DE95C" author="Uliczka" box="[377,570,516,539]" page="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFEA52E1ABC54E95C" author="Uliczka" box="[377,531,516,539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, supplement 16, 35 - 62, pl I." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka, 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 41
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 11–15, pl. I, figs. 2–3.
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4F321AFF4B2E3ABFDEE97C" box="[151,409,548,571]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Trachygellius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cinachyra">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF4B2E3ABFDEE97C" box="[151,409,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trachygellius cinachyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA4F321AFE632E3ABCF9E97C" author="Laubenfels" box="[447,702,548,571]" page="158" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFE632E3ABCCDE97C" author="Laubenfels" box="[447,650,548,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1936 b) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Papers from Tortugas Laboratory, 30, 1 - 225, pls 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="b">Laubenfels, 1936b</bibRefCitation>
: 158
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 18, fig. 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4F321AFF4B2E5ABC79E91C" authority="Uliczka, 1929" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,574,580,603]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alloclada">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF4B2E5ABFCAE91C" box="[151,397,580,603]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cinachyrella alloclada</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFE462E5ABC71E91C" author="Uliczka" box="[410,566,580,603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, supplement 16, 35 - 62, pl I." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA4F321AFD942E5ABD4CE91C" author="Rutzler" box="[584,779,580,603]" page="200" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFD942E5ABC91E91C" author="Rutzler" box="[584,726,580,603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. (1987) Tetillidae (Spirophorida, Porifera): a taxonomic reevaluation. In: Vacelet, J. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. (Eds.) Taxonomy of Porifera. NATO ASI Series, vol. G 13. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 187 - 203." type="journal article" year="1987">Rützler 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 200
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 1d, f; 2a–d; 3a; 5a–b.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4F321AFF4B2E94BDE3E8D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF4B2E94BD65E9E3" blockId="5.[151,1438,650,2035]" box="[151,802,650,676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF4B2E94BF44E9E4" box="[151,259,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA4F321AFF4B2E94BF44E9E4" box="[151,259,650,675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA4F321AFECD2E94BF16E9E3" box="[273,337,650,676]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
4921, Dry
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFE0A2E94BC78E9E3" box="[470,575,650,676]" name="Haiti" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
, Florida (not seen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF1A2EAFBA65E98C" blockId="5.[151,1438,650,2035]" box="[198,1058,689,715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF1A2EAFBF72E98D" box="[198,309,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA4F321AFEE02EAFBFD6E98C" box="[316,401,689,715]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMBN</collectionCode>
81788, fragment collected at Caracol Reef,
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4F321AFC4A2EAFBD95E98C" box="[918,978,689,715]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF1A2EC6BF0DE803" blockId="5.[151,1438,650,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF1A2EC6BC71E9B6" box="[198,566,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Additional material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFD922EC6BD2BE9B6" box="[590,876,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4F321AFD922EC6BD2EE9B6" box="[590,873,728,753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alloclada">Cinachyrella alloclada</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
UFBA-POR 2565,
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFBAD2EC6BA9CE9B5" box="[1137,1243,728,754]" name="El Salvador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, Bahia,
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFA902EC6BBD0E9B5" box="[1356,1431,728,754]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA4F321AFF4B2F1CBEA9E85B" box="[151,238,770,796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMBN</collectionCode>
82980, Sweetings Cay, Grand
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFDB22F1CBC95E85B" box="[622,722,770,796]" name="Bahamas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bahama</collectingCountry>
Island,
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFCEA2F1CBDEEE85B" box="[822,937,770,796]" name="Bahamas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4F321AFC6A2F1CBDB3E85B" box="[950,1012,770,796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth;
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA4F321AFB8F2F1CBAEDE85B" box="[1107,1194,770,796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMBN</collectionCode>
82981, Key Largo, Florida,
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFF262F34BF0DE803" box="[250,330,810,836]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF1A2F4FBDE3E8D5" blockId="5.[151,1438,650,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF1A2F4FBFE5E82D" box="[198,418,849,874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Outer morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4F321AFE6F2F4FBFBBE82C" box="[435,508,849,875]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,341,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,341,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 81788]: A. Specimen in situ. Scale: 1 cm; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; C. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaenes. Scale: 20 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Massive, subglobular orange (ca
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4F321AFC6A2F4FBA46E82C" box="[950,1025,849,875]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
of diameter), hispid. One obvious oscule at the top of the sponge. Covered with algae and sediments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4F321AFF1A2F81BD37EEE8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF1A2F81BB4AEF3D" blockId="5.[151,1438,650,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF1A2F81BF6DE8FF" box="[198,298,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4F321AFEE52F80BF38E8FF" box="[313,383,926,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,341,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,341,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 81788]: A. Specimen in situ. Scale: 1 cm; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; C. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaenes. Scale: 20 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). Radial bundles of oxeas cross the choanosome until and beyond the surface. A whitish ectosome layer is visible with the naked eye (ca
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4F321AFCD82FDBBD2EE898" box="[772,873,965,991]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
), it has less sigmas than in the choanosome. Anatriaenes are tangled with the oxea bundles. The cladomes of anatriaenes are placed in or just under the ectosome layer, or protruding beyond the surface. Anatriaenes outnumber protriaenes. Many brownish crystalline round structures (diameter of 68–90 µm) are present in the choanosome, only visible in thick sections. Sediments, foreign spicules, foraminifera and diatoms are fairly abundant in the sponge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF1A2899BC81EECF" blockId="5.[151,1438,650,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF1A2899BF6FEFE7" box="[198,296,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4F321AFEE42898BF39EFE7" box="[312,382,1158,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,341,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,341,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 81788]: A. Specimen in situ. Scale: 1 cm; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; C. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaenes. Scale: 20 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C–F).
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFE162899BC1AEFE7" box="[458,605,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Megascleres</emphasis>
: (a) oxeas I, large, length: 2054–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFC382899BA72EFE7" box="[996,1077,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2989.1</emphasis>
–3666 µm; width: 30–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFAE02899BB28EFE7" box="[1340,1391,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">40.2</emphasis>
–50 µm. (b) oxeas II (
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4F321AFEB028B3BFF3EF80" box="[364,436,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,341,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,341,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 81788]: A. Specimen in situ. Scale: 1 cm; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; C. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaenes. Scale: 20 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C–D), smooth, slightly bent, less common than oxeas I, length: 95–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFB3828B3BB60EF81" box="[1252,1319,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">147.5</emphasis>
–170 µm; width: 2–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFED528CABF69EFAA" box="[265,302,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.3</emphasis>
–10.6 µm. (c) protriaenes, width of rhabdome tends to increase from cladome base, rhabdome length: 3110–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFEE628E5BF32EE53" box="[314,373,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3486</emphasis>
–4200 µm (N=3); rhabdome width: 3.5–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFC8A28E5BD3CEE53" box="[854,891,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.2</emphasis>
–13.5 µm (N=17); clad length: 54–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFAC228E5BB26EE53" box="[1310,1377,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">122.5</emphasis>
–182 µm (N=17). (d) anatriaenes (
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4F321AFDDE293FBC08EE7C" box="[514,591,1313,1339]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,341,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,341,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 81788]: A. Specimen in situ. Scale: 1 cm; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; C. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaenes. Scale: 20 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E), very common, rhabdome length: 1330–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFBB6293FBAF8EE7D" box="[1130,1215,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2208.7</emphasis>
–2640 µm (N=8); rhabdome width: 3.5–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFE472956BF87EE26" box="[411,448,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.3</emphasis>
–7 µm; clad length: 48–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFD002956BD48EE26" box="[732,783,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">73.2</emphasis>
–95 µm.
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFCA72956BA55EE26" box="[891,1042,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Microscleres</emphasis>
: (e) sigmaspires (
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4F321AFB3B2956BB69EE25" box="[1255,1326,1352,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,341,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,341,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 81788]: A. Specimen in situ. Scale: 1 cm; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; C. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaenes. Scale: 20 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F), spiny, length: 8.2–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFEFF2971BF00EECF" box="[291,327,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9.8</emphasis>
–12.4 µm; width: 0.7–
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFD912971BC1BEECF" box="[589,604,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
–1.6 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF1A298BBD37EEE8" blockId="5.[151,1438,650,2035]" box="[198,880,1429,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF1A298BBC3DEEE9" box="[198,634,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Habitat in the Bocas del Toro region.</emphasis>
Reef,
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4F321AFD1B298BBD67EEE8" box="[711,800,1429,1455]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4F321AFF1A29A2BA3FEDF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF1A29A2BA3FEDF9" blockId="5.[151,1438,650,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF1A29A2BF12EE92" box="[198,341,1468,1493]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution</emphasis>
. North and South Carolina,
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFD6429A2BD4EEE91" box="[696,777,1468,1494]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFCC129A2BDB1EE91" author="Wells" box="[797,1014,1468,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Wells, H. W., Wells, M. J. &amp; Gray, I. E. (1960) Marine sponges of North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 76, 200 - 245." type="journal article" year="1960">
Wells
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFCB129A2BDEBEE92" box="[877,940,1468,1493]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
1960
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFBDB29A2BB5AEE91" author="Rutzler" box="[1031,1309,1468,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler &amp; Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFAEB29A2BBDFEE91" box="[1335,1432,1468,1494]" name="Georgia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFF4B29FCBEAEEEBB" box="[151,233,1506,1532]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFF2529FCBFB5EEBB" author="Freeman" box="[249,498,1506,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Freeman, C. J., Gleason, D. F., Ruzicka, R., van Soest, R. W. M., Harvey, A. W. &amp; McFall, G. (2007) A biogeographic comparison of sponge fauna from Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and other hard-bottom reefs of coastal Georgia, U. S. A. In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. &amp; Muricy, G. (Eds.) Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Serie Livros 28, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 319 - 325." type="journal article" year="2007">
Freeman
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFEB029FDBFEEEEBB" box="[364,425,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
); Florida,
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFDB129FCBCF8EEBB" box="[621,703,1506,1532]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFD1329FCBD31EEBB" author="Uliczka" box="[719,886,1506,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, supplement 16, 35 - 62, pl I." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka 1929</bibRefCitation>
; de
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFC7B29FCBAC4EEBB" author="Laubenfels" box="[935,1155,1506,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1936 b) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Papers from Tortugas Laboratory, 30, 1 - 225, pls 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="b">Laubenfels 1936b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFB5329FCBB5FEEBB" author="Little" box="[1167,1304,1506,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Little, F. J. (1963) The sponge fauna of the St. George's sound, Apalachee Bay, and Panama city regions of the Florida gulf coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11, 31 - 71." type="journal article" year="1963">Little 1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFAF929FCBF61ED64" author="Rutzler" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler &amp; Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFEE02A17BFEEED64" box="[316,425,1545,1571]" name="Bermuda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(de
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFE032A17BCECED64" author="Laubenfels" box="[479,683,1545,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154, pls I - II." type="journal article" year="1950">Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFD1D2A17BD69ED64" box="[705,814,1545,1571]" name="Bahamas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFCE22A17BA6AED64" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[830,1069,1545,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum 28, 1 - 287, pls 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFBE52A17BB0FED64" author="Rutzler" box="[1081,1352,1545,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler &amp; Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFA812A17BBDCED64" box="[1373,1435,1545,1571]" name="Cuba" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cuba</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFF432A2EBF13ED0D" author="Alcolado" box="[159,340,1584,1610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFEB42A2EBF81ED0D" box="[360,454,1584,1610]" name="Jamaica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
(Lehnert &amp; van
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFD572A2EBD55ED0D" author="Soest" box="[651,786,1584,1610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1998) Shallow water sponges of Jamaica. Beaufortia, 48, 71 - 103." type="journal article" year="1998">Soest 1998</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFCFB2A2EBDCEED0D" box="[807,905,1584,1610]" name="Curaçao" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
(van Soest 1981); Costa-Rica (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFB252A2EBBC8ED0D" author="Cortes" box="[1273,1423,1584,1610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refString="Cortes, J. (1996) Biodiversidad marina de Costa Rica: filo Porifera. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44, 911 - 914." type="journal article" year="1996">Cortés 1996</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFF4B2A48BEB0ED37" box="[151,247,1622,1648]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFED42A48BFAFED37" author="Collin" box="[264,488,1622,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refString="Collin, R., Diaz, M. C., Norenburg, J., Rocha, R. M., Sanchez, J. A., Schulze, A., Schwartz, M. &amp; Valdes, A. (2005) Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 638 - 707." type="journal article" year="2005">
Collin
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFE832A49BFD9ED37" box="[351,414,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
; Díaz 2005);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFD4C2A48BD4FED37" box="[656,776,1622,1648]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Díaz 2007);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFC6A2A48BA73ED37" box="[950,1076,1622,1648]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFB982A48BB72ED37" author="Alvarez" box="[1092,1333,1622,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Alvarez, B., Diaz, M. C. &amp; Laughlin, R. A. (1991) The ecology of sponges in a fringing coral reef at the National park &quot; Archipelago de los Roques &quot;, Venezuela I: Composition, distribution and abundance of species. In: Rutzler, K. (Ed.) New perspectives in Sponge Biology. Smithsonian Institution press, Washington DC, pp. 358 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1991">
Alvarez
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFB6C2A49BAA8ED37" box="[1200,1263,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFA8D2A48BBDBED37" box="[1361,1436,1622,1648]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Mothes de
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFEEA2A63BFA0EDD0" author="Moraes" box="[310,487,1661,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Mothes de Moraes, B. (1980) Esponjas de Sao Sebastiao, litoral de Sao Paulo, Brasil (Porifera, Demospongiae). Iheringia, 56, 75 - 86." type="journal article" year="1980">Moraes 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFE2A2A63BCBBEDD0" author="Lazoski" box="[502,764,1661,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Lazoski, C., Peixinho, S., Russo, C. A. M. &amp; Sole Cava, A. M. (1999) Genetic confirmation of the specific status of two sponges of the genus Cinachyrella (Porifera: Demospongiae: Spirophorida) in the Southwest Atlantic. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 44, 299 - 305." type="journal article" year="1999">
Lazoski
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFDBB2A63BCEBEDD1" box="[615,684,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFCD72A63BDBDEDD0" author="Cedro" box="[779,1018,1661,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refString="Cedro, V. R., Hajdu, E., Sovierzosky, H. H. &amp; Correia, M. D. (2007) Demospongiae (Porifera) of the shallow coral reefs of Maceio, Alagoas State, Brazil. In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. &amp; Muricy, G. (Eds.). Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Serie Livros 28, Museu Nacional, 233 - 237." type="journal article" year="2007">
Cedro
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFCB82A63BDEFEDD1" box="[868,936,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
); Azores and
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFB6E2A63BB67EDD0" box="[1202,1312,1661,1687]" name="Senegal" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Senegal</collectingCountry>
: doubtful identifications because of geographical distance (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFD0B2ABABD9EEDF9" author="Barnathan" box="[727,985,1700,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Barnathan, G., Miralles, J., Gaydou, E., Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Kornprobst, J. - M. (1992) New phospholipid fatty acids from the marine sponge Cinachyrella alloclada Uliczka. Lipids, 27, 779 - 784." type="journal article" year="1992">
Barnathan
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFC852ABABDD3EDFA" box="[857,916,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFC392ABABA2CEDF9" author="Moss" box="[997,1131,1700,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Moss, D. L. (1992) A summary of the Porifera collected during &quot; Expediation Azores 1989 &quot;. Arquipelago. Life and Earth Sciences, 10, 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1992">Moss 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4F321AFF1A2AD5BA97ECB4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4F321AFF1A2AD5BA97ECB4" blockId="5.[151,1438,650,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFF1A2AD5BFACEDA3" box="[198,491,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks and discussion.</emphasis>
Our specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4F321AFD1C2AD5BD15EDA3" box="[704,850,1739,1764]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alloclada">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFD1C2AD5BD15EDA3" box="[704,850,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. alloclada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fitted with the description of the species. We had two size categories of oxeas instead of three, but it has been shown that one size class could be absent (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFA982AEFBF05EC75" author="Rutzler" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler &amp; Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
). The size of the smallest oxea category is very variable, averaging 147.5 µm in our specimen, 159 µm in South-East
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFE7A2B20BFA8EC1F" box="[422,495,1854,1880]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Mothes de
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFD5A2B20BD61EC1F" author="Moraes" box="[646,806,1854,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Mothes de Moraes, B. (1980) Esponjas de Sao Sebastiao, litoral de Sao Paulo, Brasil (Porifera, Demospongiae). Iheringia, 56, 75 - 86." type="journal article" year="1980">Moraes 1980</bibRefCitation>
), 355 µm in South-Eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFBAE2B20BA84EC1F" box="[1138,1219,1854,1880]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFB082B20BE94EC38" author="Rutzler" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler &amp; Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
) and 837 µm in Bahia,
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFE362B7BBC75EC38" box="[490,562,1893,1919]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFD9D2B7BBD6DEC38" author="Lazoski" box="[577,810,1893,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Lazoski, C., Peixinho, S., Russo, C. A. M. &amp; Sole Cava, A. M. (1999) Genetic confirmation of the specific status of two sponges of the genus Cinachyrella (Porifera: Demospongiae: Spirophorida) in the Southwest Atlantic. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 44, 299 - 305." type="journal article" year="1999">
Lazoski
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4F321AFD742B7BBCA4EC39" box="[680,739,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
). The Florida specimen had sigmaspires with a much wider size range (11–21 µm). Our specimen had anatriaenes with an oval umbrella shape (
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4F321AFB6B2B92BAB9ECE1" box="[1207,1278,1932,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,341,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,341,1664]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 81788]: A. Specimen in situ. Scale: 1 cm; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. Scale: 1 mm; C. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaenes. Scale: 20 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E), just as the ones illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4F321AFEA32BADBCFEEC8A" author="Rutzler" box="[383,697,1971,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler and Smith (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. On the other hand, anatriaenes of UFBA 2565 POR (Bahia,
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4F321AFF4B2BC7BEA7ECB4" box="[151,224,2009,2035]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) had a depressed apex and clads that start growing horizontally before bending down.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4C3219FF1A2C86BCBFEA61" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4C3219FF1A2C86BA75EB9F" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4C3219FF1A2C86BF1FEBF6" box="[198,344,152,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alloclada">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4C3219FF1A2C86BF1FEBF6" box="[198,344,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. alloclada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been the most common
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4C3219FD702C86BD03EBF6" box="[684,836,152,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4C3219FD702C86BD03EBF6" box="[684,836,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cinachyrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported in the Bocas del Toro region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4C3219FACB2C86BF78EB9F" author="Guzman" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Guzman, H. M. &amp; Guevara, C. A. (1999) Arrecifes coralinos de Bocas del Toro, Panama: III. Distribucion, estructura, diversidad y estado de conservacion de los arrecifes de las islas Pastores, Cristobal, Popa y Cayo Agua. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 47, 659 - 676." type="journal article" year="1999">Guzman &amp; Guevara 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4C3219FE972CA0BC3AEB9F" author="Guzman" box="[331,637,190,216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Guzman, H. M. &amp; Guevara, C. A. (2001) Arrecifes coralinos de Bocas del Toro, Panama: IV. Distribucion, estructura y estado de conservacion de los arrecifes continentales de Peninsula Valiente. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 49, 53 - 66." type="journal article" year="2001">Guzman &amp; Guevara 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Díaz 2005;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4C3219FCCD2CA0BA61EB9F" author="Erwin" box="[785,1062,190,216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Erwin, P. M. &amp; Thacker, R. W. (2007) Incidence and identity of photosynthetic symbionts in Caribbean coral reef sponge assemblages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 87, 1683 - 1692." type="journal article" year="2007">Erwin &amp; Thacker 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4C3219FF1A2CFBBCBFEA61" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
For an unknown reason, amplification of the molecular markers did not succeed. PCRs were also difficult with the other
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4C3219FE9D2D12BF9EEA62" box="[321,473,268,293]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4C3219FE9D2D12BF9EEA62" box="[321,473,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cinachyrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens of this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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