788 lines
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788 lines
112 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A157C87F35A95A54CB827E88C66F600A">Revision of the poorly known Neotropical butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), with descriptions of nine new species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A1EE6558E64178823D0297C779B7206">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F587B3FF84FFAD0499FA981384F831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3477356" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159660809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3477356" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:83701B3C-3A99-4BFC-9E8E-18F03C47CE0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587B3FF84FFAD0499FA981384F831" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF910499FA9814DCFAEF" authority="Nakahara, Willmott & Hall" authorityName="Nakahara, Willmott & Hall" authorityYear="2019" box="[464,1022,1307,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF910499FA981597FAEF" bold="true" box="[464,693,1307,1334]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zischkaia arenisca</emphasis>
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Nakahara, Willmott & Hall
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13672A20FF84FF910771FAE215A3FAA1" box="[568,641,1377,1403]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[223,1382,1262,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,1258,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476678/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF84FF9107C6FAE215BFFAA1" box="[655,669,1377,1403]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1648,1674]" captionTargetBox="[262,1313,277,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[257,1315,265,1627]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 2. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, wing plate. A–B. Z. amalda (Weymer, 1911), lectotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. C–D. Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (in RFC, collected in 1975), dorsal and ventral views. E–F. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. G–H. Z. chullachaki sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 508), dorsal and ventral views. I–J. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. K–L. Z. baku sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 404), dorsal and ventral views. M–N. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. O–P. Z. arenisca sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (FLMNH-MGCL 297320), dorsal and ventral views. Q–R. Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. S–T. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), neotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. U–V. Z. pacarus, ♀ (DZ 36. 909), dorsal and ventral views. W–X. Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476680/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2</figureCitation>
|
||
M–P,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF84FF9107ABFAE215D0FAA1" box="[738,754,1377,1403]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,862]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1398,265,862]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 4. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, male genitalia. A. Z. amalda (Weymer, 1911), lectotype, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (winglet on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: SN-17- 21). B. Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-9). C. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 235). D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 573). E. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-16). F. Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov. ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (two winglets on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: M-9142 ♂, Lee D. Miller). G. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 578). H. Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: 575/19.07.2017, J. Lorenc-Brudecka, MZUJ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476684/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4</figureCitation>
|
||
E,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF84FF91065BFAE2143DFAA1" box="[786,799,1377,1403]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1666,1692]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,270,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1610]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial DZ 36. 508). C–D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 571). E–F. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: SN-17-174). G–H. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476688/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">6</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF84FF910614FAE2144CFAA1" box="[861,878,1377,1403]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[288,1391,1193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[189,1395,1181,1961]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 9. Zischkaia arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., first instar head capsule in anterior and lateral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476694/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF84FF910632FAE214B5FAA6" box="[891,919,1377,1404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,232,1998,2024]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,642,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1398,633,1956]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 14. Distribution maps for taxa of Zischkaia Forster, 1964." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476704/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">14</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FF84FF9106EEFAE214E0FAA6" box="[935,962,1377,1404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,845,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[189,1398,845,1769]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 15. Habitats of species of Zischkaia Forster, 1964. A. Climbing bamboo species (Poaceae, likely Chusquea Kunth) that was common along the Sumak Yaku mine track, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador, where Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov. was common (photo by Keith Willmott). B. Ridge top at San Roque ridge, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador, where females of Z. arenisca sp. nov. were found (photo by Keith Willmott). C. View of the ridge line 500 m west of the Río Abanico (Morona-Santiago, Ecuador) collecting site (photo by Andrew Neild)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476706/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">15</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF84FF9105F4FA2115C9FA66" box="[189,747,1442,1468]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF84FF9105F4FA2115C9FA66" blockId="30.[189,747,1442,1468]" box="[189,747,1442,1468]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9105F4FA21160DFA66" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[189,303,1442,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9105F4FA21160DFA66" box="[189,303,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF84FF9104DBFA211543FA66" author="Lamas G." box="[402,609,1442,1468]" editor="Schulenberg T. S. & Awbrey K." firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Conservation International" page="217" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="212 - 230" part="98" refId="ref40773" refString="Lamas G. 1997. Lepidoptera of the Cordillera del Condor. In: Schulenberg T. S. & Awbrey K. (eds) The Cordillera del Condor Region of Ecuador and Peru: A Biological Assessment: 90 - 98, 212 - 230. RAP Working Papers 7, Conservation International." title="Lepidoptera of the Cordillera del Condor" type="journal article" volumeTitle="The Cordillera del Condor Region of Ecuador and Peru: A Biological Assessment: 90" year="1997">Lamas 1997: 217</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B54FF84FF910727FA2115CAFA66" author="Lamas G." box="[622,744,1442,1468]" editor="Lamas G." firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville" page="223" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref40829" refString="Lamas G. 2004. Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina In: Lamas G. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner J. B. (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A: 217 - 223. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville." title="Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner J. B. (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A" year="2004">2004: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF84FF9105F4FA6115A7F85C" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF84FF9105F4FA611614FA26" blockId="30.[189,310,1506,1532]" box="[189,310,1506,1532]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF84FF9105F4FA611614FA26" bold="true" box="[189,310,1506,1532]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9105F4FA611614FA26" bold="true" box="[189,310,1506,1532]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF84FF9105F4F99215A7F85C" blockId="30.[189,1399,1553,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9105F4F9921687F9F0" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,421,1553,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9105F4F9921687F9F0" box="[189,421,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zischkaia arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF9104FFF9921539F9F1" box="[438,539,1553,1579]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is readily distinguished from all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF910122F99213FFF9F1" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1131,1245,1553,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF910122F99213FFF9F1" box="[1131,1245,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9105F4F9B7165EF997" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,380,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9105F4F9B7165EF997" box="[189,380,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF9104CDF9B716C0F994" box="[388,482,1588,1614]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, by its elongate, oval VHW ocelli, whereas those ocelli are more circular and smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF910471F9D41697F9AA" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[312,437,1623,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF910471F9D41697F9AA" box="[312,437,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF91048AF9D4151BF9AA" box="[451,569,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF91048AF9D4151BF9AA" box="[451,569,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. amalda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF910701F9D415BDF9AA" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[584,671,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baku" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF910701F9D415BDF9AA" box="[584,671,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. baku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF9107EFF9D51422F9AA" box="[678,768,1622,1648]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF910671F9D414FDF9AA" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[824,991,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF910671F9D414FDF9AA" box="[824,991,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF9106AFF9D51362F9AA" box="[998,1088,1622,1648]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Species in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9101B5F9D51254F9AA" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1276,1398,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9101B5F9D51254F9AA" box="[1276,1398,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade” also possess somewhat elongate VHW ocelli, but the genitalia differences summarized above (see diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9104EAF9181537F96F" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[419,533,1691,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9104EAF9181537F96F" box="[419,533,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in addition to the lack of dorsal androconial scales in males, easily distinguish this species from species in the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF910787F93D146AF902" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[718,840,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF910787F93D146AF902" box="[718,840,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade”. The male DFW and DHW androconial scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF91046FF961168AF921" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[294,424,1762,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF91046FF961168AF921" box="[294,424,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF9104E6F962152AF921" box="[431,520,1761,1787]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
appear somewhat reduced and less prominent compared to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF910056F9611254F921" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1311,1398,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baku" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF910056F9611254F921" box="[1311,1398,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. baku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF9105F4F8871635F8C4" box="[189,279,1796,1822]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF910406F88716D4F8C7" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[335,502,1795,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF910406F88716D4F8C7" box="[335,502,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF9104B4F8871575F8C4" box="[509,599,1796,1822]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Furthermore, the forewing apex is somewhat rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9101BDF8871255F8C7" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1268,1399,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9101BDF8871255F8C7" box="[1268,1399,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF9105F4F8A4163BF89B" box="[189,281,1831,1857]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, whereas it is more angled in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF91073BF8A415D2F89A" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[626,752,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF91073BF8A415D2F89A" box="[626,752,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. pacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9107B4F8A41456F89A" box="[765,884,1830,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9107B4F8A41456F89A" box="[765,884,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. amalda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9106E2F8A41321F89A" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[939,1027,1830,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baku" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9106E2F8A41321F89A" box="[939,1027,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. baku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF910143F8A41346F89B" box="[1034,1124,1831,1857]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
In the female genitalia, the sclerotized tube of the ductus bursae in lateral view appears to be longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9101D8F8C9123AF8B9" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1169,1304,1866,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9101D8F8C9123AF8B9" box="[1169,1304,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9105F4F8EE1647F85C" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,357,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9105F4F8EE1647F85C" box="[189,357,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF910425F8EF16E5F85C" box="[364,455,1900,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9104B6F8EE15A7F85C" box="[511,645,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9104B6F8EE15A2F85C" authorityName="- Mielke" authorityYear="1995" box="[511,640,1901,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacarus">Z. pacarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF84FF9005F4F82E1392FDE5" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF84FF9005F4F82E1392FDE5" blockId="30.[189,1399,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="31.[189,1399,267,575]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9105F4F82E16B8F81D" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,410,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9105F4F82E16B8F81D" box="[189,410,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zischkaia arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF9104E8F82D16D9F812" box="[417,507,1966,1992]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is likely most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF91063DF82D1313F81D" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[884,1073,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF91063DF82D1313F81D" box="[884,1073,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF910171F82D13B7F812" box="[1080,1173,1966,1992]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, given their similar elongate VHW ocelli, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF9104A7F8521552F830" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[494,624,2001,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF9104A7F8521552F830" box="[494,624,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF91073FF85215F2F831" box="[630,720,2001,2027]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF84FF910142F85213EAF830" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1035,1224,2000,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF84FF910142F85213EAF830" box="[1035,1224,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF84FF910186F852120AF831" box="[1231,1320,2001,2027]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by the following characters: the lack of silvery-purple scales on the basal side of the VHW ocelli (distad of the submedian line); the lack of or very small VHW ocellus in Rs-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF85FF9006EEFEC31492FE94" attach="left" box="[935,944,320,334]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">1</subScript>
|
||
, whereas this ocellus is well developed in VHW Rs-M
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FF85FF900424FEE716B7FEB6" box="[365,405,338,370]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="1.0">
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FF85FF900424FEE71654FEA8" attach="left" box="[365,374,356,370]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">1</subScript>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF9004D4FED0157EFEB6" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[413,604,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF9004D4FED0157EFEB6" box="[413,604,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF90072CFED115E6FEB6" box="[613,708,338,364]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; only one winglet being present on the aedeagus, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF9005F4FEF51659FE55" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,379,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF9005F4FEF51659FE55" box="[189,379,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF9004CBFEF616FEFE55" box="[386,476,373,399]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
possesses two winglets; the shape of the aedeagus winglet is that of an obtuseangled triangle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF9004C6FE1A1533FE68" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[399,529,409,434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF9004C6FE1A1533FE68" box="[399,529,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF90075EFE1A1556FE69" box="[535,628,409,435]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, whereas it is an acute-angled triangle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF900118FE1A122CFE68" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[1105,1294,408,434]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF900118FE1A122CFE68" box="[1105,1294,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF90005CFE1A1250FE69" box="[1301,1394,409,435]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; the saccus is longer than the ventral margin of the valva in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF90062FFE3F14CAFE0F" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[870,1000,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF90062FFE3F14CAFE0F" box="[870,1000,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF9006A7FE3F1368FE0C" box="[1006,1098,444,470]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, whereas it is shorter than ventral margin of the valva in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF90076DFE5C15C1FE23" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[548,739,479,505]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF90076DFE5C15C1FE23" box="[548,739,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF9007A5FE5C1468FE23" box="[748,842,479,505]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; the ventral margin of the apical process of the valva is not concave in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF900482FD80156EFDC6" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[459,588,515,540]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF900482FD80156EFDC6" box="[459,588,515,540]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF90071BFD81158CFDC6" box="[594,686,514,540]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, whereas it is concave in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF90069BFD8013ACFDC6" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[978,1166,514,540]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF90069BFD8013ACFDC6" box="[978,1166,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF9001DCFD8113CCFDC6" box="[1173,1262,514,540]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF900594FDA516B9FDE5" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[221,411,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosflecha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF900594FDA516B9FDE5" box="[221,411,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Z. argyrosflecha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF9004EBFDA616DFFDE5" box="[418,509,549,575]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is unknown and thus it is not possible to compare that sex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF85FF9005F4FDE415A9FD2F" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF85FF9005F4FDE41666FD5B" blockId="31.[189,324,615,641]" box="[189,324,615,641]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF85FF9005F4FDE41666FD5B" bold="true" box="[189,324,615,641]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF9005F4FDE41666FD5B" bold="true" box="[189,324,615,641]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF85FF9005F4FD1615A9FD2F" blockId="31.[189,1399,661,758]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
This specific epithet is derived from the Spanish word ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF90061DFD15149AFD75" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[852,952,662,687]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF90061DFD15149AFD75" box="[852,952,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, meaning ‘sandstone’, and is treated as a feminine noun in apposition. The name alludes to the apparent strong preference of this species to forest growing on sandstone substrates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFF85FFAF05F4FC9E1382FE6D" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF85FF9005F4FC9E16CEFCED" blockId="31.[189,492,797,823]" box="[189,492,797,823]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FF85FF9005F4FC9E16CEFCED" bold="true" box="[189,492,797,823]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF9005F4FC9E16CEFCED" bold="true" box="[189,492,797,823]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FF85FF9005A3FCCF1213FC15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425039978" collectingDate="1997-11" collectionCode="FLMNH, INABIO" collectorName="S. Nakahara & K. R. Willmott" country="Ecuador" elevation="900" latitude="-4.3166666" location="Shaime" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.666664" municipality="Rio Nangaritza" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="UF FLMNH MGCL-1036291" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF85FF9005A3FCCF167EFCBC" blockId="31.[189,1398,844,975]" box="[234,348,844,870]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF9005A3FCCF167EFCBC" bold="true" box="[234,348,844,870]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FF85FF9005A3FCCF167EFCBC" box="[234,348,844,870]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF85FF9005F4FCEC1213FC15" blockId="31.[189,1398,844,975]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF85FF9005F4FCEC1669FC53" box="[189,331,879,905]" name="Ecuador" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF90041AFCEC167FFC53" bold="true" box="[339,349,879,905]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">•</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFF85FF90042CFCEC165CFC53" box="[357,382,879,905]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; “//ECUADOR:
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF90070EFCEC1404FC53" box="[583,806,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FF85FF90070EFCEC1404FC53" box="[583,806,879,905]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87ACDFFF85FF900667FCEC14C6FC52" box="[814,996,878,905]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Río Nangaritza</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFF85FF9006B9FCED1369FC52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FF84FFAD0499FA981384F831:8E83607EFF85FF9006B9FCED1369FC52" box="[1008,1099,878,904]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-4.3166666" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.666664" municipality="Rio Nangaritza" name="Shaime" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Shaime</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FF85FF900111FCEC1389FC53" box="[1112,1195,879,905]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="925" value="-4.3166666">4°19’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FF85FF9001F0FCEC1206FC53" box="[1209,1316,879,905]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="925" value="-78.666664">78°40’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FF85FF900065FCEC1250FC53" box="[1324,1394,879,905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="900.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0071D196FF85FF900065FCEC1250FC53" box="[1324,1394,879,905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF85FF9005F4FC111634FC76" box="[189,278,914,940]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1997-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFF85FF9005F4FC111634FC76" box="[189,278,914,940]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1997-11">xi.1997</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
Jiggins, C.D.// DNA voucher
|
||
<accessionNumber id="940FAB46FF85FF90073AFC1115DBFC76" box="[627,761,914,940]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">LEP-67941</accessionNumber>
|
||
// Genitalic vial SN-17-74
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FF85FF900166FC11139EFC76" box="[1071,1212,914,940]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. Nakahara</collectorName>
|
||
// Photographed by
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FF85FF9005ABFC3616B2FC15" box="[226,400,949,975]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">K. R. Willmott</collectorName>
|
||
2004//
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFF85FF9004A3FC36146CFC15" box="[490,846,949,975]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">UF FLMNH MGCL-1036291</specimenCode>
|
||
//”;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FF85FF90063FFC3614C2FC15" box="[886,992,949,975]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">FLMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
, to be deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FF85FF90018AFC36120CFC15" box="[1219,1326,949,975]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">INABIO</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FF85FF9005A3FC741564FBA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425039965" collectingDate="2018-07-28" collectingDateMax="2018-07-29" collectingDateMin="2018-07-28" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="J. P. W. Hall & K. R. Willmott & J. C. R. & J. I. R. Willmott" country="Ecuador" elevation="1000" latitude="-4.143889" location="Sumak Yaku" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.64916" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="FLMNH-MGCL-297322" specimenCount="43" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="39" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF85FF9005A3FC741506FBCB" blockId="31.[189,1399,1014,1182]" box="[234,548,1014,1041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF9005A3FC741645FBCB" bold="true" box="[234,359,1015,1041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FF85FF9005A3FC741645FBCB" box="[234,359,1015,1041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFF85FF90043EFC7516EEFBCB" box="[375,460,1014,1041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="male">20 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFF85FF900491FC75153AFBCB" box="[472,536,1014,1041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF85FFAF05F4FB991382FE6D" blockId="31.[189,1399,1014,1182]" lastBlockId="32.[189,1399,265,439]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FF85FF9005F4FB991669FBEE" box="[189,331,1050,1076]" name="Ecuador" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF900438FB9A1543FBE9" bold="true" box="[369,609,1049,1075]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FF85FF900438FB9A1543FBE9" box="[369,609,1049,1075]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFF85FF9007CBFB9915F8FBEE" box="[642,730,1050,1076]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="male">19 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A512F87FF85FF9007A2FB9A14E0FBE9" box="[747,962,1049,1076]" location="Zurmi" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FF85FF9007A2FB9A1408FBE9" box="[747,810,1049,1076]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Zurmi
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFF85FF90069BFB9A1349FBE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FF84FFAD0499FA981384F831:8E83607EFF85FF90069BFB9A1349FBE9" box="[978,1131,1049,1075]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-4.143889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.64916" name="Sumak Yaku" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Sumak Yaku</location>
|
||
mine rd.; [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FF85FF9001B1FB9B1253FBEE" box="[1272,1393,1048,1076]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-4.143889">4°8′38″ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FF85FF9005F4FBB8167CFB8D" box="[189,350,1083,1111]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-78.64916">78°38′57″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
];
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FF85FF90043FFBBE16F7FB8D" box="[374,469,1085,1111]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0071D196FF85FF90043FFBBE16F7FB8D" box="[374,469,1085,1111]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; 26,
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FF85FF90075DFBBE15F8FB8D" box="[532,730,1085,1111]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2018-07-28" valueMax="2018-07-29" valueMin="2018-07-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFF85FF90075DFBBE15F8FB8D" box="[532,730,1085,1111]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2018-07-28" valueMax="2018-07-29" valueMin="2018-07-28">28–29 Jul. 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FF85FF9007A3FBBE1453FB8D" box="[746,881,1085,1111]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">J.P.W. Hall</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FF85FF9006C9FBBE130CFB8D" box="[896,1070,1085,1111]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">K.R. Willmott</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FF85FF900174FBBE13A7FB8D" box="[1085,1157,1085,1111]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">J.C.R.</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FF85FF90018CFBBE1255FB8D" box="[1221,1399,1085,1111]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">J.I.R. Willmott</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFF85FF9005B5FBE31506FBA0" box="[252,548,1120,1146]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FLMNH-MGCL-297322</specimenCode>
|
||
to
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FF85FF90071BFBE314D6FBA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425039965" box="[594,1012,1120,1147]" collectingDate="2018-07-28" collectingDateMax="2018-07-29" collectingDateMin="2018-07-28" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="J. P. W. Hall & K. R. Willmott & J. C. R. and J. I. R. Willmott" country="Ecuador" elevation="1000" latitude="-4.143889" location="Sumak Yaku" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.64916" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="FLMNH-MGCL-297340" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="19" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFF85FF90071BFBE3145FFBA0" box="[594,893,1120,1146]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FLMNH-MGCL-297340</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FF85FF9006C4FBE214D6FBA1" box="[909,1012,1121,1147]" collectionName="FLMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">FLMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FF85FF90015CFBE31436FB44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425039967" collectingDate="2018-07-28" collectingDateMax="2018-07-29" collectingDateMin="2018-07-28" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="J. P. W. Hall & K. R. Willmott & J. C. R. and J. I. R. Willmott" country="Ecuador" elevation="1000" latitude="-4.143889" location="Sumak Yaku" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.64916" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="FLMNH-MGCL-297321" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFF85FF90015CFBE31365FBA1" box="[1045,1095,1120,1147]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for preceding;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFF85FF90043BFB0015BFFB47" box="[370,669,1155,1181]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FLMNH-MGCL-297321</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FF85FF9007E4FB071436FB44" box="[685,788,1156,1182]" collectionName="FLMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">FLMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FF85FFAF067FFB00145FFE90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425039972" collectingDateMax="2018-07-23" collectingDateMin="2018-07-18" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="J. P. W. Hall & K. R. Willmott & J. C. R. & J. I. R. Willmott" country="Ecuador" county="Los" elevation="1050" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" latitude="-3.7030556" location="San Roque" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.59334" municipality="Pangui" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="FLMNH-MGCL-297319" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFF85FF90067FFB00145FFB44" box="[822,893,1155,1182]" count="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A512F87FF85FF9006D9FB001208FB47" box="[912,1322,1155,1182]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">km 10 Los Encuentros-El Panguí</locationDeviation>
|
||
, ridge E
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFBAFFAF0590FE88167DFEFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FF84FFAD0499FA981384F831:8E83607EFFBAFFAF0590FE88167DFEFC" box="[217,351,267,294]" country="Ecuador" county="Los" latitude="-3.7030556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.59334" municipality="Pangui" name="San Roque" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">San Roque</location>
|
||
; [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFBAFFAF043CFE8A16D8FEFF" box="[373,506,265,293]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-3.7030556">3°42′11″ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFBAFFAF0740FE8A1588FEFC" box="[521,682,265,294]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-78.59334">78°35′36″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
];
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFBAFFAF0788FE88143DFEFC" box="[705,799,267,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1050.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0071D196FFBAFFAF0788FE88143DFEFC" box="[705,799,267,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFBAFFAF0667FE881458FEFF" box="[814,890,267,293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2018-07">18–19</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFBAFFAF06C0FE881300FEFF" box="[905,1058,267,293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2018-07-23">23 Jul. 2018</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFBAFFAF0179FE8F1395FEFF" box="[1072,1207,267,294]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">J.P.W. Hall</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFBAFFAF018FFE8F1250FEFF" box="[1222,1394,267,294]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">K.R. Willmott</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFBAFFAF05F4FEB31627FE90" box="[189,261,304,330]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">J.C.R.</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFBAFFAF040BFEB316D0FE90" box="[322,498,304,330]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">J.I.R. Willmott</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFBAFFAF077FFEB3147FFE90" box="[566,861,304,330]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FLMNH-MGCL-297319</specimenCode>
|
||
to
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFBAFFAF06CFFEB31207FE90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425039972" box="[902,1317,304,330]" collectingDateMax="2018-07-23" collectingDateMin="2018-07-18" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="J. P. W. Hall & K. R. Willmott & J. C. R. and J. I. R. Willmott" country="Ecuador" elevation="1050" latitude="-3.7030556" location="San Roque" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.59334" municipality="Pangui" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="FLMNH-MGCL-297320" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFBAFFAF06CFFEB31393FE90" box="[902,1201,304,330]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FLMNH-MGCL-297320</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFBAFFAF01F7FEB31207FE90" box="[1214,1317,304,330]" collectionName="FLMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">FLMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFBAFFAF0008FEB316CEFE49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425039980" collectingDate="2009-08-04" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="K. R. Willmott & J. P. W. Hall" country="Ecuador" county="Los" elevation="1050" latitude="-3.7030556" location="San Roque" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.59334" municipality="Pangui" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="FLMNH-MGCL-149623" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFBAFFAF0008FEB3124DFE90" box="[1345,1391,304,330]" count="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for preceding but
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFBAFFAF07FBFED7146BFEB4" box="[690,841,340,366]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-08-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFBAFFAF07FBFED7146BFEB4" box="[690,841,340,366]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-08-04">4 Aug. 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFBAFFAF061EFED61322FEB4" box="[855,1024,340,367]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">K.R. Willmott</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFBAFFAF0174FED613E3FEB4" box="[1085,1217,340,367]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">J.P.W. Hall</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFBAFFAF004FFED61655FE48" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FLMNH-MGCL-149623</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFBAFFAF04CCFEFA16CEFE49" box="[389,492,377,403]" collectionName="FLMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">FLMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFBAFFAF0741FEFA15C7FE6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425039970" collectingDate="1997-09" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="C. D. Jiggins" country="Ecuador" elevation="1000" latitude="-4.3333335" location="Shaime" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.666664" municipality="Rio Nangaritza" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="FLMNH-MGCL-1036290" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD2CFFBAFFAF0741FEFA156DFE49" box="[520,591,377,403]" count="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87ACDFFFBAFFAF0717FEFA1437FE48" box="[606,789,376,403]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Río Nangaritza</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E83607EFFBAFFAF066AFEFB145DFE48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587B3FF84FFAD0499FA981384F831:8E83607EFFBAFFAF066AFEFB145DFE48" box="[803,895,376,402]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-4.3333335" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.666664" municipality="Rio Nangaritza" name="Shaime" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Shaime</location>
|
||
; [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFBAFFAF06DAFEF414CDFE49" box="[915,1007,375,403]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="-4.3333335">4°20′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFBAFFAF06B7FEF41357FE49" box="[1022,1141,375,403]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="-78.666664">78°40′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
];
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFBAFFAF01C2FEFA13CBFE49" box="[1163,1257,377,403]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0071D196FFBAFFAF01C2FEFA13CBFE49" box="[1163,1257,377,403]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFBAFFAF01BEFEFA1250FE49" box="[1271,1394,377,403]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1997-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E98DFFBAFFAF01BEFEFA1250FE49" box="[1271,1394,377,403]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1997-09">Sep. 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A95373FFBAFFAF05F4FE1E166DFE6D" box="[189,335,413,439]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C.D. Jiggins</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFBAFFAF04D8FE1E15E5FE6D" box="[401,711,413,439]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FLMNH-MGCL-1036290</specimenCode>
|
||
to
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CF8FFBAFFAF07A5FE1E13BEFE6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425039970" box="[748,1180,413,439]" collectingDate="1997-09" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="C. D. Jiggins" country="Ecuador" elevation="1000" latitude="-4.3333335" location="Shaime" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.666664" municipality="Rio Nangaritza" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="FLMNH-MGCL-1036291" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA9EDEFFBAFFAF07A5FE1E1307FE6D" box="[748,1061,413,439]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FLMNH-MGCL-1036291</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE60FFBAFFAF0178FE1E13BEFE6D" box="[1073,1180,413,439]" collectionName="FLMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">FLMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF23662DFF85FF9005F4F82E1678F830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476694/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[288,1391,1193,1884]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FF85FF9005F4F82E1678F830" blockId="31.[189,1398,1965,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF9005F4F82E1629F81D" bold="true" box="[189,267,1965,1991]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FF85FF90045BF82E141BF81D" authority="Nakahara, Willmott & Hall" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[274,825,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FF85FF90045BF82E16D2F81D" box="[274,496,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Zischkaia arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
Nakahara, Willmott & Hall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFF85FF90060FF82D1481F812" box="[838,931,1966,1992]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, first instar head capsule in anterior and lateral views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFBAFFAD05F4FE5C138EFE96" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4FE5C166CFE23" blockId="32.[189,334,479,505]" box="[189,334,479,505]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFBAFFAF05F4FE5C166CFE23" bold="true" box="[189,334,479,505]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFBAFFAF05F4FE5C166CFE23" bold="true" box="[189,334,479,505]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05A3FD931608FDF0" blockId="32.[189,627,528,590]" box="[234,298,528,554]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFBAFFAF05A3FD931608FDF0" bold="true" box="[234,298,528,554]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4FDB71551FD94" blockId="32.[189,627,528,590]" box="[189,627,564,590]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
FOREWING LENGTH.
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFBAFFAF04DFFDB71537FD94" box="[406,533,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="26.0">26–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4FDF4161CFC69" blockId="32.[189,1399,630,947]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">HEAD. Eyes naked, with grayish scales at base; frons brownish; post-genal area with lightly colored long hair-like scales and grayish scales; labial palpi with first segment covered by white and brownish long hair-like scales, in addition to some whitish scales at base; second segment almost twice as long as eye depth and covered with brown scales and hair-like scales laterally, with partially white scales and hairlike scales, dorsally with brownish long hair-like scales, ventrally with black and white hair-like scales, 3–4 times as long as segment width; third segment about one-third of second segment in length, covered with brownish scales, with small patch of creamy-white scales laterally; antennae approximately twofifths forewing length, with ca 44 segments (n = 1), distal 16–17 segments composing club, club not prominent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4FC5E1414FC2C" blockId="32.[189,822,988,1015]" box="[189,822,988,1015]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">THORAX. Covered with light brownish hair-like scales.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4FB9C1346FB58" blockId="32.[189,1398,1055,1154]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">LEGS. Foreleg brownish, foretarsus slightly shorter than tibia, femur similar to tarsus in length; midleg and hindleg with femur creamy white ventrally, tibia and tarsus grayish dorsally, ocher ventrally, tarsus and tibia spined ventrally, and a pair of tibial spurs present at distal end of tibia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4FB291541FB33" blockId="32.[189,1399,1194,1257]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ABDOMEN. Eighth sternite divided into two sclerotized patches: a thin band at base of eighth abdominal segment, and a distal broader patch.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4FA911383FA8A" blockId="32.[189,1399,1297,1366]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
WING VENATION. Basal half of forewing Subcosta swollen; base of Cubitus swollen; forewing recurrent vein absent; origin of M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBAFFAF0491FACB16C3FA8C" attach="left" box="[472,481,1352,1366]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2</subScript>
|
||
nearer M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBAFFAF071AFACB157EFA8C" attach="left" box="[595,604,1352,1366]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1</subScript>
|
||
than M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBAFFAF07FEFACB15E2FA8C" attach="left" box="[695,704,1352,1366]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">3</subScript>
|
||
; hindwing humeral vein well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4FAFA13E2FA25" blockId="32.[189,1399,1400,1536]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">WING SHAPE. Forewing subtriangular, apex rounded, costal margin convex, outer margin slightly convex (almost straight), inner margin straight, but rounded towards thorax near base; hindwing slightly elongate, rounded, costal margin almost straight, angled towards thorax near base, outer margin slightly undulating, inner margin slightly concave near tornus, anal lobe convex, slightly round.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4F9AA16C9F975" blockId="32.[189,1399,1576,1711]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">DORSAL FOREWING. Ground color light brownish, distally slightly paler; black androconial scales present in middle of DFW from base to submedian area, except for immediately adjacent area around swollen Subcosta and Cubitus, in addition to area anterior to Radial about distal one-fifth of DFW; trace of submarginal band visible.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4F95A1313F8CC" blockId="32.[189,1399,1752,1815]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">DORSAL HINDWING. Ground color similar to forewing, black androconial scales present around distal half of discal cell, extending to adjacent area, trace of submarginal band visible.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBAFFAF05F4F8C3131EF831" blockId="32.[189,1399,1855,2033]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
VENTRAL FOREWING. Ground color chestnut brown; submedian line invisible; dark brown narrow median line, somewhat indistinct, extending from near costa to Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBAFFAF06D1F8F61483F859" attach="right" box="[920,929,1909,1923]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2</subScript>
|
||
, slightly curved inwards, concolorous slightly sinuate submarginal line extending from apex towards tornus, but terminating half way between Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBAFFAF0596F83D17CAF816" attach="left" box="[223,232,1982,1996]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2</subScript>
|
||
and 2A; concolorous marginal line, narrower than submarginal line, extending from apex towards tornus, but terminating half way between Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBAFFAF0780F86015F0F82B" attach="left" box="[713,722,2019,2033]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2</subScript>
|
||
and 2A; fringe dark brownish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBBFFAE05F4FE8F15BFFD4A" blockId="33.[189,1399,267,657]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
VENTRAL HINDWING. Ground color similar to forewing; regular dark-brown submedian line almost straight, extending from costal to inner margin; median band almost parallel to submedian band, concolorous, similar in width, passing origin of M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE07CAFEE615AEFEA9" attach="left" box="[643,652,357,371]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3</subScript>
|
||
and posterior end bent inwards in 2A-3A; submarginal band extending from apex towards tornus, anterior end occasionally fused with submedian line near costa, undulating, posterior end slightly broadening and occasionally fused to submedian line in 2A-3A; marginal line, concolorous, slightly undulating along outer margin, thinner than submarginal line; submarginal ocelli from M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE074AFE74152EFDDF" attach="left" box="[515,524,503,517]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</subScript>
|
||
to 2A, roughly ‘egg’-shaped with pointed end basal, black central spot ringed with orangish ring then with thin dark brownish indistinct ring, pupil consisting of scattered silver scales displaced distally from center, ocelli from M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE0632FDC314A6FD94" attach="left" box="[891,900,576,590]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE06EEFDC31492FD94" attach="left" box="[935,944,576,590]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE0695FDC314C7FD94" attach="left" box="[988,997,576,590]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE0158FDC31338FD94" attach="left" box="[1041,1050,576,590]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</subScript>
|
||
and Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE0135FDC313A7FD94" attach="right" box="[1148,1157,576,590]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE01F9FDC3139BFD94" attach="left" box="[1200,1209,576,590]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2</subScript>
|
||
similar in size, somewhat elongate, those in M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE0762FDE71516FDA8" attach="left" box="[555,564,612,626]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE071EFDE71542FDA8" attach="left" box="[599,608,612,626]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2</subScript>
|
||
and Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE07F2FDE715E6FDA8" attach="left" box="[699,708,612,626]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2</subScript>
|
||
-2A about half size of these three ocelli, ocellus in Rs-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE0013FDE71241FDA8" attach="left" box="[1370,1379,612,626]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</subScript>
|
||
a tiny orangish spot; fringe dark brownish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBBFFAE05F4FD3A133FFB52" blockId="33.[189,1399,697,1161]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
GENITALIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFBBFFAE0401FD3A168BFD09" box="[328,425,697,724]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,862]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1398,265,862]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 4. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, male genitalia. A. Z. amalda (Weymer, 1911), lectotype, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (winglet on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: SN-17- 21). B. Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-9). C. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 235). D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 573). E. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-16). F. Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov. ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (two winglets on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: M-9142 ♂, Lee D. Miller). G. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 578). H. Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: 575/19.07.2017, J. Lorenc-Brudecka, MZUJ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476684/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegumen rounded in lateral view, elongated posterior projection of tegumen developed, slightly shorter than uncus, basal half somewhat inflated, tapering posteriorly and hooked at terminal point, posterior end of ventral margin as small projection; combination of ventral arms of tegumen and dorsal arms of saccus sinuous, bent at right angle below appendices angulares, broadens towards saccus; appendices angulares present, but somewhat reduced; saccus straight, similar to uncus in length; uncus long and narrow, with sparse hair-like setae, curved ventrally, rounded at terminal point; either side of base of uncus with short hair-like setae; brachia similar to uncus in length and width, curved in lateral view, tapering posteriorly and crossing over each other near terminal point; fultura inferior (i.e., juxta) present; valva subtriangular in lateral view, apical process triangular, ventral and dorsal margin both almost straight, scarcely covered by hairy-like setae, costa developed and triangular, dorsal margin slightly sinuous; phallobase slightly shorter than half of phallus in length, curved upwards; ductus ejaculatorius visible; aedeagus straight with manica covering approximately half, winglet present on dorsal surface, distal opening located ventrally where vesica is visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBBFFAE05A3FB321667FB11" blockId="33.[189,1399,1201,1336]" box="[234,325,1201,1227]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFBBFFAE05A3FB321667FB11" bold="true" box="[234,325,1201,1227]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBBFFAE05F4FB561441FAE2" blockId="33.[189,1399,1201,1336]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Similar to male except as follows: FW length
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFBBFFAE07AAFB561415FB2A" box="[739,823,1237,1264]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1): Foreleg whitish, foretarsus divided into five distinct subsegments, fifth subsegment elongate; forewing slightly more rounded, outer margin slightly convex, ground color of both wing surfaces paler.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBBFFAE05F4FAE214F4F944" blockId="33.[189,1399,1376,1694]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
FEMALE ABDOMEN AND GENITALIA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFBBFFAE0703FAE215B3FAA1" box="[586,657,1376,1403]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1666,1692]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,270,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1398,265,1610]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial DZ 36. 508). C–D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 571). E–F. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: SN-17-174). G–H. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476688/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F): inter-segmental membrane between seventh and eighth tergite not pleated, but folded posteriorly of ostium bursae with its sclerotized region forming a ‘scooplike’ structure below lamella antevaginalis; lamella antevaginalis sclerotized; posterior approximate three-fourths of ductus bursae sclerotized, remainder membranous; posterior end as a circular hole in posterior view, with edge darker (presumably reflecting degree of sclerotization), surrounding sclerotized area somewhat semi-circular in posterior view; origin of ductus seminalis close to sclerotized portion of ductus bursae; eighth tergite with lateral side sclerotized and fused to lamella antevaginalis; corpus bursae roughly oval in dorsal view, extending across entire abdomen, with two signa located in middle, extending across almost entire corpus bursae, parallel to each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBBFFAE05F4F9451611F93A" blockId="33.[189,307,1734,1760]" box="[189,307,1734,1760]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFBBFFAE05F4F9451611F93A" bold="true" box="[189,307,1734,1760]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFBBFFAE05F4F9451611F93A" bold="true" box="[189,307,1734,1760]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFBBFFAD05F4F974138EFE96" blockId="33.[189,1399,1782,2027]" lastBlockId="34.[189,1399,267,333]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Most individuals lack an ocellus in VHW Rs-M
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE0641F88B1433F8CC" attach="left" box="[776,785,1800,1814]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</subScript>
|
||
, or if it is present, it is very small (much smaller than that in 2A-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE04E1F8AE1693F8E1" attach="right" box="[424,433,1837,1851]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2</subScript>
|
||
). However, in one male (FLMNH-MGCL-297332) and one female (FLMNH-MGCL-297320), both barcoded (MUSM-LEP-64859 and MUSM-LEP-64857, respectively), it is rather more developed, approximately half the size of that in cell 2A-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17D834E0FFBBFFAE068EF8F614F2F859" attach="right" box="[967,976,1909,1923]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2</subScript>
|
||
. The size of the VHW ocelli is also slightly variable, with smaller ocelli being more rounded. The ventral ground color is darker in some specimens, in which the paler brown rings surrounding the ocelli are also more conspicuously paler. The combination of the ventral arms of the tegumen and dorsal arms of the saccus is sinuous and bent at a right angle below the appendices angulares in the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFB8FFAD0632FE8F14C1FEFC" box="[891,995,268,294]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, whereas it is rather straight in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFB8FFAD05F4FEB11605FE96" box="[189,295,306,332]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; the curvature of the phallobase is variable between the two dissected males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFB8FFAD05F4FEF41607FDED" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFB8FFAD05F4FEF416E6FE4B" blockId="34.[189,452,375,401]" box="[189,452,375,401]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFB8FFAD05F4FEF41674FE4B" bold="true" box="[189,342,375,401]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFB8FFAD042FFEF41699FE4B" box="[358,443,375,401]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[189,232,1998,2024]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,642,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[189,1398,633,1956]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 14. Distribution maps for taxa of Zischkaia Forster, 1964." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476704/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFB8FFAD05F4FE2A1607FDED" blockId="34.[189,1399,425,567]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
This species is known to date from a highly restricted range (ca
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFB8FFAD06F8FE2A14D9FE19" box="[945,1019,425,451]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
|
||
between the most northerly and southerly localities) in the Cordillera del Cóndor, an eastern outlier of the tropical Andes that lies along the border of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFB8FFAD0429FE7416E0FDCB" box="[352,450,503,529]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFB8FFAD04B7FE741515FDCB" box="[510,567,503,529]" name="Peru" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and several ridges in the adjacent Río Zamora Valley in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFB8FFAD05F4FD9E1603FDED" box="[189,289,541,567]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346652EFFB8FFAD05F4FDE01384F831" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFB8FFAD05F4FDE0160DFDA7" blockId="34.[189,303,611,637]" box="[189,303,611,637]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81C9FFB8FFAD05F4FDE0160DFDA7" bold="true" box="[189,303,611,637]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFB8FFAD05F4FDE0160DFDA7" bold="true" box="[189,303,611,637]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFB8FFAD05F4FD161491FC64" blockId="34.[189,1399,661,959]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
A first instar was found in one dissected female (SN-17-174) and its head capsule is illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFB8FFAD0054FD1617F3FD0C" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[189,232,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[270,1288,1079,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[270,1304,1079,1949]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 13. Zischkaia saundersii (Butler, 1867), wing venation. A. ♂ (DZ 37.029). B. ♀ (DZ 36.646)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476702/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 13. A</figureCitation>
|
||
female specimen from Alfonso Ugarte, Amazonas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFB8FFAD060BFD3F145AFD0C" box="[834,888,700,726]" name="Peru" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
in MUSM may represent this species, but the sclerotized portion of ductus bursae extends about three-fourths the distance from ostium bursae to corpus bursae, which contrasts with the rather short ‘sclerotized tube’ of the two barcoded females from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F847FFB8FFAD05B7FCB316FDFC90" box="[254,479,816,842]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFB8FFAD04A2FCB3156FFC90" box="[491,589,816,842]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MUSM-LEP-08939 and MUSM-LEP-64858; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFB8FFAD01E2FCB313D2FC90" box="[1195,1264,816,842]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[223,1382,1262,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,1258,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476678/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on this inconsistency, a female specimen in MUSM [Alfonso Ugarte,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFB8FFAD0684FCD41307FCAA" box="[973,1061,854,881]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="km" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 km</quantity>
|
||
N PV3; [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFB8FFAD01DFFCD513C9FCAB" box="[1174,1259,854,881]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="-3.9">3°54’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE685062FFB8FFAD01B0FCD51248FCAB" box="[1273,1386,854,881]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="925" value="-78.433334">78°26’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
];
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFB8FFAD05F4FCFE1647FC42" box="[189,357,893,920]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1675.0" valueMax="1750.0" valueMin="1600.0">1600–1750 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFE21065FFB8FFAD043AFCFE152EFC4D" box="[371,524,893,919]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1994-07-16">16 Jul. 1994</date>
|
||
; G. Lamas leg.; MUSM-LEP-105658] cannot be identified reliably as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFB8FFAD0014FCFD163FFC64" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">Z. arenisca</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFB8FFAD046DFC26165DFC65" box="[292,383,933,959]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and is, therefore, excluded from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E78807FFB8FFAD0666FC261440FC65" box="[815,866,933,959]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFB8FFAD05F4FC6A166BFB36" blockId="34.[189,1399,1001,1260]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFB8FFAD05F4FC6A16B9FBD9" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,411,1001,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFB8FFAD05F4FC6A16B9FBD9" box="[189,411,1001,1027]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Zischkaia arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFB8FFAD04EAFC6916DCFBDE" box="[419,510,1002,1028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is recovered as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFB8FFAD066AFC6914E9FBD9" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[803,971,1001,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chullachaki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFB8FFAD066AFC6914E9FBD9" box="[803,971,1001,1027]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Z. chullachaki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFB8FFAD069AFC69130CFBDE" box="[979,1070,1002,1028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
based on COI barcode data (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFB8FFAD05BCFB93161BFBF0" box="[245,313,1040,1066]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[223,1382,1262,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,1258,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476678/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the genetic distance between these two taxa is atypically low for divergence between species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE031EFFB8FFAD046BFBB4165DFB8B" box="[290,383,1079,1105]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="8.[182,251,549,575]" captionTargetBox="[182,1929,744,1728]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 4. GeneticdistancescalculatedbasedonCOIusingtheTamura-Neidistancemodel." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23662DFF92FF8705FFFDA61124FDE5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="DF23662DFF92FF8705FFFDA61124FDE5">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Such low divergence might suggest conspecificity of these taxa, but the two species are recovered as moderately supported clades, with a number of consistent morphological differences (see above). In particular, the elongate, ‘egg’-shaped VHW ocelli and reduced, less prominent dorsal androconial scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFB8FFAD04F4FB2F1562FB1F" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[445,576,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFB8FFAD04F4FB2F1562FB1F" box="[445,576,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFB8FFAD0701FB2F1580FB1C" box="[584,674,1196,1222]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
support regarding these taxa as distinct species rather than as conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336A5FFB8FFAD05F4FA941384F831" blockId="34.[189,1399,1303,2027]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
In southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7635FFB8FFAD0437FA9416C0FAEB" box="[382,482,1303,1329]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species is known from three localities, all of which support a species of climbing bamboo. Two of these sites are sandstone ‘tepuis’ that have been mined for their sand, evidently because of its purity, and the poor soils on the slopes and ridges apparently support only stunted forest. An unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFB8FFAD07F7FA0814AAFA7F" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" box="[702,904,1419,1445]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFB8FFAD07F7FA081411FA7F" box="[702,819,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chusquea</emphasis>
|
||
Kunth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFB8FFAD06D4FA081321FA7F" box="[925,1027,1419,1445]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFB8FFAD015BFA0813E3FA7C" authorityName="Luerssen" authorityYear="1893" box="[1042,1217,1419,1446]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (identified by Lynn Clark) was common at one site, the ridge east of San Roque, where it grew abundantly over remnant trees and bushes along the edges of the dirt road to the mine site on the ridge top. A similar, or the same, bamboo species was likewise common along the Sumak Yaku mine road (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFB8FFAD0183FA7C1214F9C0" box="[1226,1334,1535,1562]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,845,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[189,1398,845,1769]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 15. Habitats of species of Zischkaia Forster, 1964. A. Climbing bamboo species (Poaceae, likely Chusquea Kunth) that was common along the Sumak Yaku mine track, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador, where Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov. was common (photo by Keith Willmott). B. Ridge top at San Roque ridge, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador, where females of Z. arenisca sp. nov. were found (photo by Keith Willmott). C. View of the ridge line 500 m west of the Río Abanico (Morona-Santiago, Ecuador) collecting site (photo by Andrew Neild)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476706/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and was observed along the edges of forest and inside disturbed forest beside the village of Shaime, although it was absent along most other forest trails and roads in the region. Two females were collected at the edge of a large bamboo patch on the ridgetop at San Roque (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A20FFB8FFAD0684F9F7131AF955" box="[973,1080,1652,1679]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,845,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[189,1398,845,1769]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 15. Habitats of species of Zischkaia Forster, 1964. A. Climbing bamboo species (Poaceae, likely Chusquea Kunth) that was common along the Sumak Yaku mine track, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador, where Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov. was common (photo by Keith Willmott). B. Ridge top at San Roque ridge, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador, where females of Z. arenisca sp. nov. were found (photo by Keith Willmott). C. View of the ridge line 500 m west of the Río Abanico (Morona-Santiago, Ecuador) collecting site (photo by Andrew Neild)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476706/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
), flying and resting within
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFB8FFAD05F4F91817CEF96F" box="[189,236,1691,1717]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
of the ground from 09:00 to 12:30, while two other females were flying along the edge of a dirt road near bamboo from 11:30–12:30. A number of males were observed and collected flying rapidly
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFB8FFAD05F4F96B1625F8D9" box="[189,263,1768,1795]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground, from 10:25 to 11:20, in a sunny but sheltered corridor between two patches of vegetation covered with bamboo near a ridgetop at Sumak Yaku. The presence of multiple males and repeated flight paths suggests territorial behavior. Numerous males were also collected at the same site in traps baited with rotting fish, hung
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B40FFB8FFAD073EF8DE1586F8AD" box="[631,676,1885,1911]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground in the understorey of secondary forest with abundant bamboo. Despite a reasonable amount of effort collecting and trapping at other forest sites in the region,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D26FFB8FFAD0476F82816E3F81E" authority="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott, 2019" authorityName="Nakahara & Zacca & Dias & Dolibaina & Xiao & Espeland & Casagrande & Mielke & Lamas & Huertas & Kleckner & Willmott" authorityYear="2019" box="[319,449,1963,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenisca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAB7FFB8FFAD0476F82816E3F81E" box="[319,449,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Z. arenisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57CCFFB8FFAD048EF8281503F81F" box="[455,545,1963,1989]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was not recorded anywhere else, highlighting its apparent dependence on the climbing bamboo with which the adult butterflies were always closely associated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |