treatments-xml/data/03/F5/5B/03F55B39FF25CD65FF3AFA48FA8CF9C8.xml

<document id="C6A1352ECAEE1F4939278CCAE5B969FA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3860.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9f9d1b0-6696-4e9c-8f67-584156edca36" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230094" ID-ZooBank="73432BFC-DD6F-4E62-9C41-FCBBEA1A7D29" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460903836584" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="White, William T." docDate="2014" docId="03F55B39FF25CD65FF3AFA48FA8CF9C8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03860p166.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3860 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aetobatus Blainville 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="FFCC2341FF24CD61FFADFFF9FF8DFF98" masterDocTitle="A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="149" pageNumber="150" updateTime="1698360619140" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="FCAA6DC55D6CFB34719902CCE9ED3BF9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1FEC9B09AAEDBB1951BB0073F1E16B5D">
<mods:title id="84AFD1B1F2103A0E373EF4CBFD735BCF">A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8E38EE814967613AF641241C21F2F14C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="97CBFF2EB43BDBA624FDCCC1A4D3A24F">
<mods:roleTerm id="FC967F34E2EA1827AC6334DB329FD8E9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B6F95093CCEC2F9FE3E1D5FBF6B91B2D">White, William T.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E4E6A49449BB0C196781AC0D83ED5D8B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BC5D9D226D317B80A925451BD0F6D406" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="202C4B51B32DAEF5F6968FBF0757915A">
<mods:title id="1280D414F57206094F9E8E4686434588">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B7F8F04BBE28EB56F06E04EA466D774F">
<mods:date id="7B28B1A5C870F63DE5FEF1A3BEF5A68B">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="25E671FC67E17BC95B321C6D86DEDF98" type="volume">
<mods:number id="72B8172A1EFA37018EE7571431A66A06">3860</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AE326176E3C8B71E8C4313CB51036764" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7D35CF287157D06ECFD5D23718D468E6">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C255BBD68BAD62E9FD7282AADDCF3D11" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E9CEC6714B6167B6ABDA67AD8A7178D5">149</mods:start>
<mods:end id="98CB35435D135D1F14842E22313F89B6">166</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="DA050340A054D6BD2730EC9E166770D7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="66D77E72B8BE2DDB1A0E7ABEE637A120" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3860.2.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9964E360F3540C4D109E198C5115DCD1" type="GBIF-Dataset">f9f9d1b0-6696-4e9c-8f67-584156edca36</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E9692DAB596DD247DCA0B652F0D75928" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="92CC6A52E9A7A5EE2DAD295C2EB8E0FA" type="Zenodo-Dep">230094</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2A14344FB6D051A8BD4EB289DC3F296D" type="ZooBank">73432BFC-DD6F-4E62-9C41-FCBBEA1A7D29</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F55B39FF25CD65FF3AFA48FA8CF9C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6127312" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119587899" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6127312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F55B39FF25CD65FF3AFA48FA8CF9C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F55B39FF25CD65FF3AFA48FA8CF9C8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<subSubSection id="C346B9A4FF25CD60FF3AFA48FDA3FA53" box="[151,558,1456,1483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AFA48FDA3FA53" blockId="1.[151,558,1456,1483]" box="[151,558,1456,1483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<heading id="D0AB5D43FF25CD60FF3AFA48FDA3FA53" bold="true" box="[151,558,1456,1483]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AFA48FDA3FA53" bold="true" box="[151,558,1456,1483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF40FA49FDA3FA53" ID-CoL="PXH" ID-ENA="87139" authority="Blainville, 1816" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[237,558,1456,1483]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF40FA49FEEBFA52" bold="true" box="[237,358,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aetobatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FEC3FA48FDA3FA53" author="Blainville" box="[366,558,1457,1483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1816">Blainville, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346B9A4FF25CD62FF3AFA01FB06F9B4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AFA01FC7FF996" blockId="1.[151,1437,1528,1795]" box="[151,1010,1528,1550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CCD01FF25CD60FF3AFA01FC7FF996" box="[151,1010,1528,1550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF3AFA01FE21F996" authority="Klein, 1775: 316" authorityName="Klein" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,428,1528,1550]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Leiobatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AFA01FF76F996" box="[151,251,1528,1550]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Leiobatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDCC3EFF25CD60FEACFA01FE21F996" author="Klein" box="[257,428,1528,1550]" page="316" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" year="1775">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FEACFA01FEF1F996" author="Klein" box="[257,380,1528,1550]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Klein, J. T. (1775) Neuer Schauplatz der Natur, nach den Richtigsten Beobachtungen und Versuchen, in alphabetischer Ordnung, vorgestellt durch eine Gesellschaft von Gelehrten. Vol. 1. Weidmann, Leipzig, 1044 pp." type="book" year="1775">Klein, 1775</bibRefCitation>
: 316
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(not valid: does not conform to binominal nomenclature)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AF9EFFB05F9B4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1528,1795]" box="[151,1160,1558,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF3AF9EFFED1F9B4" authority="Walbaum" authorityName="Walbaum" box="[151,348,1558,1580]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Leiobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AF9EFFF78F9B4" box="[151,245,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Leiobatis</emphasis>
Walbaum
</taxonomicName>
(ex Klein), 1792: 581 (not available: work rejected for nomenclatural purposes)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AF9CCFABDF9D3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1528,1795]" box="[151,1328,1589,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CCD01FF25CD60FF3AF9CCFABDF9D3" box="[151,1328,1589,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF3AF9CCFE55F9D3" ID-CoL="PXH" authority="Blainville, 1816: 112" authorityName="Blainville" authorityPageNumber="112" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,472,1589,1611]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AF9CCFF71F9D3" box="[151,252,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aëtobatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDCC3EFF25CD60FEAFF9CCFE55F9D3" author="Blainville" box="[258,472,1589,1611]" page="112" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" year="1816">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FEAFF9CCFE24F9D3" author="Blainville" box="[258,425,1589,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1816">Blainville, 1816</bibRefCitation>
: 112
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF25CD60FE48F9CCFD94F9D3" box="[485,537,1589,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FDC2F9CFFC24F9D3" authority="Euphrasen, 1790" authorityName="Euphrasen" authorityYear="1790" box="[623,937,1589,1611]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FDC2F9CFFD77F9D3" box="[623,762,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Raja narinari</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FD52F9CCFC24F9D3" author="Euphrasen" box="[767,937,1589,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Euphrasen, B. A. (1790) Raja (Narinari). Kongliga Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar, Stockholm, 11, 217 - 219." type="journal article" year="1790">Euphrasén, 1790</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—see nomenclature discussion below)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AF9ADFBA7F9F2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1528,1795]" box="[151,1066,1620,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF3AF9ADFEECF9F2" authority="Blainville" authorityName="Blainville" box="[151,353,1620,1642]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AF9ADFF7AF9F2" box="[151,247,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aetobatis</emphasis>
Blainville
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FECAF9ACFEF6F9F2" box="[359,379,1621,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">in</emphasis>
Vieillot, 1825: 38 (incorrect spelling of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FCB9F9ADFBAEF9F2" ID-CoL="PXH" authority="Blainville, 1816" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[788,1059,1620,1642]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FCB9F9ADFCF4F9F2" box="[788,889,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aetobatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FCD2F9ADFBAEF9F2" author="Blainville" box="[895,1059,1620,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1816">Blainville, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AF98BFF64F93F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1528,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CCD01FF25CD60FF3AF98BFF64F93F" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF3AF98BFD95F910" authority="Muller &amp; Henle, 1837: 118" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,536,1650,1672]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AF98BFF7AF910" box="[151,247,1650,1672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aëtobatis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDCC3EFF25CD60FF53F98BFD95F910" author="Muller" box="[254,536,1650,1672]" page="118" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" year="1837">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FF53F98BFE6AF910" author="Muller" box="[254,487,1650,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Muller, J. &amp; Henle, F. G. J. (1837) Uber die Gattungen der Haifische und Rochen nach einer con ihm mit Hrn. Henle unternommenen gemeinschaftlichen Arbeit uber die Naturgeschichte der Knorpelfische. Bericht Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1837, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="1837">Müller &amp; Henle, 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 118
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF25CD60FD8BF98BFDD7F910" box="[550,602,1650,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FD1EF98AFCB2F910" box="[691,831,1651,1672]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FD1EF98AFCB2F910" box="[691,831,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Raja narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation by 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDCC3EFF25CD60FB28F98BFF6CF93F" author="Jordan" page="88" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FB28F98BFA15F910" author="Jordan" box="[1157,1432,1650,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Evermann, B. W. (1896) A check-list of the fishes and fish-like vertebrates of North and Middle America. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner, 21 (Appendix 5), 207 - 584." type="journal article" year="1896">
<collectingCountry id="F34BAABFFF25CD60FB28F98BFB44F910" box="[1157,1225,1650,1672]" name="Jordan" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Evermann, 1896
</bibRefCitation>
: 88
</treatmentCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AF949FCB8F95E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1528,1795]" box="[151,821,1712,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CCD01FF25CD60FF3AF949FCB8F95E" box="[151,821,1712,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF3AF949FE6AF95E" authority="Richardson, 1846: 198" authorityName="Richardson" authorityPageNumber="198" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,487,1712,1734]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AF949FF76F95E" box="[151,251,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aetobates</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDCC3EFF25CD60FEACF949FE6AF95E" author="Richardson" box="[257,487,1712,1734]" page="198" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" year="1846">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FEACF949FE3AF95E" author="Richardson" box="[257,439,1712,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Richardson, J. (1846) Report on the ichthyology of the seas of China and Japan. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 15 th meeting (1845), 187 - 320." type="journal article" year="1846">Richardson, 1846</bibRefCitation>
: 198
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(incorrect spelling of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FD65F949FCA0F95E" ID-CoL="PXH" box="[712,813,1712,1734]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FD65F949FCA0F95E" box="[712,813,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AF937FBFCF97C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1528,1795]" box="[151,1137,1742,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CCD01FF25CD60FF3AF937FBFCF97C" box="[151,1137,1742,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF3AF937FE44F97C" authority="Cantor, 1849: 1416" authorityName="Cantor" authorityPageNumber="1416" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,457,1742,1764]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Stoasodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AF937FE8DF97C" box="[151,256,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Stoasodon</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDCC3EFF25CD60FEABF937FE44F97C" author="Cantor" box="[262,457,1742,1764]" page="1416" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" year="1849">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FEABF937FE01F97C" author="Cantor" box="[262,396,1742,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1849) Catalogue of Malayan fishes. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 18, 983 - 1443." type="journal article" year="1849">Cantor, 1849</bibRefCitation>
: 1416
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(unneeded replacement name for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FC8FF937FBE7F97C" authority="Muller &amp; Henle, 1837" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityYear="1837" box="[802,1130,1742,1764]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FC8FF937FC0FF97C" box="[802,898,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aetobatis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FC25F937FBE7F97C" author="Muller" box="[904,1130,1742,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Muller, J. &amp; Henle, F. G. J. (1837) Uber die Gattungen der Haifische und Rochen nach einer con ihm mit Hrn. Henle unternommenen gemeinschaftlichen Arbeit uber die Naturgeschichte der Knorpelfische. Bericht Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1837, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="1837">Müller &amp; Henle, 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AF914FB14F89B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1528,1795]" box="[151,1177,1773,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CCD01FF25CD60FF3AF914FB14F89B" box="[151,1177,1773,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF3AF914FE5DF89B" authority="Agassiz, 1858: 385" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="385" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,464,1773,1795]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Goniobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AF914FE85F89B" box="[151,264,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Goniobatis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDCC3EFF25CD60FEA0F914FE5DF89B" author="Agassiz" box="[269,464,1773,1795]" page="385" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" year="1858">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FEA0F914FE2DF89B" author="Agassiz" box="[269,416,1773,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Agassiz, L. (1858) A new species of skate from the Sandwich Islands. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 6, 385." type="journal article" year="1858">Agassiz, 1858</bibRefCitation>
: 385
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF25CD60FE70F914FD9CF89B" box="[477,529,1773,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FDCAF917FB89F89B" authority="Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[615,1028,1773,1795]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flagellum">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FDCAF917FD70F89B" box="[615,765,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Raja flagellum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FCAEF914FB89F89B" author="Bloch" box="[771,1028,1773,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G. (1801) Systema ichthyologiae iconibus ex illustratum. Vol. 2. Sandriano Commissum, Berlin, 584 pp." type="book" year="1801">Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF25CD60FF3AF8D6FE69F82D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1839,1973]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF3AF8D6FF78F8D0" bold="true" box="[151,245,1839,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FF51F8C9FEE1F8D0" ID-CoL="PXH" box="[252,364,1840,1864]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FF51F8C9FEE1F8D0" box="[252,364,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes at least 4 valid nominal species (see Table 1). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FC76F8C9FAB9F8D0" ID-CoL="65DZ9" authority="Gill, 1865" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1865" box="[987,1332,1839,1864]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FC76F8C9FB27F8D0" box="[987,1194,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aetobatus laticeps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FB14F8D6FAA1F8D0" author="Gill" box="[1209,1324,1839,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Gill, T. N. (1865) Note on the family of myliobatoids, and on a new species of Aetobatis. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 8 (13), 135 - 138." type="journal article" year="1865">Gill, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Eastern Pacific is probably also valid but no specimens were examined during this study. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FB19F8ADFEC1F808" ID-CoL="65DYV" authority="Dumeril, 1861" authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1861" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FB19F8ADFA16F8F4" box="[1204,1435,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">Aetobatus latirostris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF25CD60FF33F88EFEC9F808" author="Dumeril" box="[158,324,1911,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" refString="Dumeril, A. H. A. (1861) Poissons de la cote occidentale d'Afrique. Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 10, 241 - 268." type="journal article" year="1861">Duméril, 1861</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Eastern Atlantic, also currently considered a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF25CD60FB91F881FB35F817" box="[1084,1208,1912,1935]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF25CD60FB91F881FB35F817" box="[1084,1208,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">A. narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is questionable and requires further investigation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF27CD62FF6AFF6EFC55FDA5" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF27CD62FF6AFF6EFEF8FF28" author="Kottelat" box="[199,373,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" refString="Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibiography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement, No. 27, 1 - 663." type="book chapter" year="2013">Kottelat (2013)</bibRefCitation>
stated that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE50FF61FD0CFF28" ID-CoL="65DZW" box="[509,641,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE50FF61FD0CFF28" box="[509,641,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was incorrectly used as valid by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF27CD62FBAAFF6EFB69FF28" box="[1031,1252,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" refString="White, W. T., Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P., Jensen, K. &amp; Caira, J. N. (2010) Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae). In: Last, P. R., White, W. T. &amp; Pogonoski, J. J. (Eds.), Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 0 32, pp. 141 - 164." type="journal article">
White 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FBF8FF60FB1DFF28" box="[1109,1168,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
and resurrected 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FF3AFF45FD80FF4D" ID-CoL="793LW" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,525,188,213]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mula">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AFF45FEC4FF4C" box="[151,329,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetobatus mula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF27CD62FEF6FF45FD88FF4D" author="Forsskal" box="[347,517,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" refString="Forsskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae, 164 pp." type="book" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as the oldest available name for the Indo-West Pacific species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FA93FF44FA16FF4C" box="[1342,1435,189,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FA93FF44FA16FF4C" box="[1342,1435,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. However, there is a high level of doubt regarding the identity of Forsskål’s 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FBC9FF19FB6BFF6F" box="[1124,1254,224,247]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tajara">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FBC9FF19FB6BFF6F" box="[1124,1254,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Raja tajara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FAB2FF19FA18FF60" box="[1311,1429,224,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mula">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FAB2FF19FA18FF60" box="[1311,1429,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Raja mula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only physical characters mentioned in the very brief description of the latter species are: 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FB40FEFDFAFAFE84" box="[1261,1399,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">cauda tereti</emphasis>
(= tapering tail), 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE94FED0FE49FEA7" box="[313,452,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">ventre niveo</emphasis>
(= white belly), 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FD25FED1FC74FEA7" box="[648,1017,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">aculeo caudae admodum nocivo</emphasis>
(=sting of tail is very harmful). The same first two characters are used in the description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FCA9FEB4FCE5FEFC" box="[772,872,333,356]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tajara">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FCA9FEB4FCE5FEFC" box="[772,872,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">R. tajara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as: 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FC41FEB5FA92FEFC" box="[1004,1311,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">vehementer pinnis verberat</emphasis>
(=strongly beats wings [in allusion to when captured]). No images or 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF27CD62FCE8FE89FC0DFE10" box="[837,896,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">types</typeStatus>
are provided. These characters do not provide adequate information to allocate to a family, let alone a species. These characters could refer to a stingray (
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FF33FE4EFE93FE48" ID-CoL="8ZK" box="[158,286,439,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dasyatidae</taxonomicName>
) rather than an eagle ray and with the information available, neither of these species can be accurately identified. Interestingly, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF27CD62FE01FE25FDC0FE6C" author="Fowler" box="[428,589,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States ... &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, No. 100 (13), 1 - 879. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.90 - 3106.1" type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler (1941)</bibRefCitation>
included both of these species in the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FB39FE24FB7BFE6C" ID-CoL="3ZY5" box="[1172,1270,477,500]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FB39FE24FB7BFE6C" box="[1172,1270,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Dasyatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FAB5FE24FA1EFE6C" ID-CoL="4XB4" box="[1304,1427,477,500]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FAB5FE24FA1EFE6C" box="[1304,1427,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Himantura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AFDF9FF63FD80" box="[151,238,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">uarnak.</emphasis>
Thus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE96FDF8FE1EFD80" box="[315,403,512,536]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mula">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE96FDF8FE1EFD80" box="[315,403,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">R. mula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE67FDF8FDA3FD8F" box="[458,558,512,536]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tajara">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE67FDF8FDA3FD8F" box="[458,558,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">R. tajara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should therefore be considered 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FC3AFDF8FBB8FD80" box="[919,1077,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">nomen nudum</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FBC0FDF9FAC4FD80" ID-CoL="65DZW" box="[1133,1353,512,536]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FBC0FDF9FAC4FD80" box="[1133,1353,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetobatus ocellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should remain as the valid name for the Indo-West Pacific whitespotted eagle ray.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF27CD62FF6AFDBEFB06F9B4" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF6AFDBEFECBFDF8" bold="true" box="[199,326,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Definition.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FEE3FDB1FE33FDF8" ID-CoL="PXH" box="[334,446,584,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FEE3FDB1FE33FDF8" box="[334,446,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the other two myliobatid genera in the following combination of characters: Anteriormost part of pectoral fins joins head at level of eye (vs. slightly below eye in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FB70FD95FAE1FD1C" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[1245,1388,620,644]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FB70FD95FAE1FD1C" box="[1245,1388,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and well below eye in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FEDDFD69FE65FD30" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[368,488,656,680]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FEDDFD69FE65FD30" box="[368,488,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="1367F6AAFF27CD62FE54FD76FDB1FD30" box="[505,572,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[343,1236,224,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[281,1306,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lateral view of head of: A) Aetobatus narutobiei, B) Aetomylaeus milvus, and C) Myliobatis tobijei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230095/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Rostral part of pectoral fins (snout) without subocular ridges connecting them to pectoral disc (vs. connected to pectoral disc in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FC84FD4DFC2CFD54" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[809,929,692,716]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FC84FD4DFC2CFD54" box="[809,929,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); pectoral radials interrupted from separate cephalic lobe (vs. pectoral radials continuous below eyes onto rostral lobe in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FBAAFD21FBF2FD68" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[1031,1151,728,752]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FBAAFD21FBF2FD68" box="[1031,1151,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); rostral radial cartilages much less developed than pectoral radials (vs. no less or only slightly less developed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FBC5FD05FB6DFC8C" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[1128,1248,764,788]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FBC5FD05FB6DFC8C" box="[1128,1248,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Free rear tip of pectoral-fin with a broadly rounded apex (vs. an angular, somewhat pointed apex in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FBF8FCD9FB69FCA0" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[1109,1252,800,824]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FBF8FCD9FB69FCA0" box="[1109,1252,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FAB0FCD9FA18FCA0" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[1309,1429,800,824]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FAB0FCD9FA18FCA0" box="[1309,1429,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="1367F6AAFF27CD62FF3AFCBDFF6FFCC4" box="[151,226,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[172,1387,251,824]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,860]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pectoral-fin free rear tip shape in: A) Aetobatus narutobiei, B) Aetomylaeus milvus, and C) Myliobatis tobijei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230096/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Mesopterygium absent or fused with the scapulocoracoid (vs. mesopterygium consisting of several components that all articulate with scapulocoracoid in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FCADFC91FCF5FC18" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[768,888,872,896]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FCADFC91FCF5FC18" box="[768,888,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Head relatively narrow (vs. relatively broad in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FF3AFC75FE82FC3C" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[151,271,908,932]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AFC75FE82FC3C" box="[151,271,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Postorbital process of chondrocranium with the anterior and posterior sections secondarily distally fused, with a large foramen evidence of this fusion (vs. with two separate parts, a small triangular anterior section and an expanded plate-like posterior section in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FD6BFC2DFCB3FC74" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[710,830,980,1004]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FD6BFC2DFCB3FC74" box="[710,830,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); lateral margin of process prolonged and ventrally protruded, forming a bar-like projection (vs. not forming a bar-like protrusion in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FBE5FC01FB5AFB88" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[1096,1239,1016,1040]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FBE5FC01FB5AFB88" box="[1096,1239,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FAB9FC01FA01FB88" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[1300,1420,1016,1040]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FAB9FC01FA01FB88" box="[1300,1420,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Spiracles dorsolateral on head, openings almost completely visible in dorsal view (vs. lateral on head and not visible in dorsal view in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE01FBB9FDB6FBC0" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[428,571,1088,1112]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE01FBB9FDB6FBC0" box="[428,571,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FDDFFBB9FD67FBC0" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[626,746,1088,1112]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FDDFFBB9FD67FBC0" box="[626,746,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="1367F6AAFF27CD62FD5AFBC6FCB6FBC0" box="[759,827,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1507,1529]" captionTargetBox="[176,1418,988,1470]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,953,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of head highlighting spiracular opening and rostral lobe in: A) Aetobatus ocellatus, B) Aetomylaeus nichofii, and C) Myliobatis tobijei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230097/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Nasal curtain deeply notched (vs. straight or slightly undulated in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE82FB9DFE33FBE4" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[303,446,1124,1148]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE82FB9DFE33FBE4" box="[303,446,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE57FB9DFDFFFBE4" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[506,626,1124,1148]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE57FB9DFDFFFBE4" box="[506,626,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="1367F6AAFF27CD62FD2FFB9DFD47FBE4" box="[642,714,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1339,1361]" captionTargetBox="[163,1401,837,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,805,1318]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nasal curtain shape in: A) Aetobatus ocellatus, B) Aetomylaeus nichofii, and C) Myliobatis tobijei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230098/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Teeth in a single row in both the upper and lower jaw in all postnatal stages (vs. 7 or more rows in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FDDAFB71FC8BFB38" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[631,774,1160,1184]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FDDAFB71FC8BFB38" box="[631,774,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FCEAFB71FC32FB38" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[839,959,1160,1184]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FCEAFB71FC32FB38" box="[839,959,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); chevron-shaped (vs. wide median row transverse in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE86FB55FE37FB5C" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[299,442,1196,1220]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE86FB55FE37FB5C" box="[299,442,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE5DFB55FDE5FB5C" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[496,616,1196,1220]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE5DFB55FDE5FB5C" box="[496,616,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Hyomandibular Accessory Cartilage 1 (HAC-1) absent from near distal end of the hyomandibular cartilage (vs. present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FD70FB29FCE1FB70" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[733,876,1232,1256]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FD70FB29FCE1FB70" box="[733,876,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FC05FB29FBADFB70" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[936,1056,1232,1256]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FC05FB29FBADFB70" box="[936,1056,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see Fig. 22A in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF27CD62FB41FB36FA1DFB70" author="Nishida" box="[1260,1424,1231,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" refString="Nishida, K. (1990) Phylogeny of the suborder Myliobatidoidei. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, 37, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1990">Nishida, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Hypo- and basi-hyoid cartilages absent (vs. present as a pair of small, bar-like cartilages in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FB21FB0DFA89FA94" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[1164,1284,1268,1292]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FB21FB0DFA89FA94" box="[1164,1284,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see figs 28B vs. 28A in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF27CD62FEBEFAEEFE39FAA8" author="Nishida" box="[275,436,1303,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" refString="Nishida, K. (1990) Phylogeny of the suborder Myliobatidoidei. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, 37, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1990">Nishida, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Dorsal fin a short and obvious free rear tip (vs. no free rear tip, posterior margin joined to dorsal surface of tail in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE11FAC5FDC6FACC" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[444,587,1340,1364]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE11FAC5FDC6FACC" box="[444,587,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="1367F6AAFF27CD62FDF7FAC5FD10FACD" box="[602,669,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[162,1419,228,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[152,1435,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal fin and stinging spine (if present) in: A) Aetobatus narutobiei, B) Aetomylaeus bovinus, C) Aetomylaeus nichofii and D) Myliobatis tobijei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230099/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); origin well in front of pelvic-fin free rear tips. One or more barbed stinging spines present on dorsal surface of tail behind dorsal fin (vs. spines absent or less well developed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FF3AFA7DFEABFA04" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[151,294,1412,1436]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AFA7DFEABFA04" box="[151,294,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Puboischiadic bar of pelvic girdle strongly arched and only moderately robust (vs. weakly to moderately arched and more robust in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FDEBFA51FD58FA58" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[582,725,1448,1472]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FDEBFA51FD58FA58" box="[582,725,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FCA6FA51FC0EFA58" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[779,899,1448,1472]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FCA6FA51FC0EFA58" box="[779,899,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see figs 36L vs. 36J and 36K in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF27CD62FB55FA5EFA15FA58" author="Nishida" box="[1272,1432,1447,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" refString="Nishida, K. (1990) Phylogeny of the suborder Myliobatidoidei. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, 37, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1990">Nishida, 1990</bibRefCitation>
, respectively). Total vertebrae (excluding synarcual) 80–97 (vs. 
<quantity id="4CA447CAFF27CD62FCF3FA35FC4CFA7D" box="[862,961,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1082" metricValueMax="2.1844" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="83.0" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="80.0">80–86 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FC65FA35FBDAFA7C" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[968,1111,1484,1508]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FC65FA35FBDAFA7C" box="[968,1111,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<quantity id="4CA447CAFF27CD62FB23FA35FA81FA7D" box="[1166,1292,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8194" metricValueMax="2.8956" metricValueMin="2.7432" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="111.0" valueMax="114.0" valueMin="108.0">108–114 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FABEFA35FA06FA7C" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[1299,1419,1484,1508]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FABEFA35FA06FA7C" box="[1299,1419,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); predorsal diplospondylous vertebrae 13–31 (vs. 
<quantity id="4CA447CAFF27CD62FD1DFA16FC88F990" box="[688,773,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FCA6FA09FC17F990" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[779,922,1520,1544]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FCA6FA09FC17F990" box="[779,922,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<quantity id="4CA447CAFF27CD62FC62FA09FBBFF990" box="[975,1074,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0795" metricValueMax="1.2192" metricValueMin="0.9398" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="42.5" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="37.0">37–48 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FB95FA09FB3DF990" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[1080,1200,1520,1544]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FB95FA09FB3DF990" box="[1080,1200,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Pectoral-fin radials (excluding rostral cartilages) 89–116 (vs. 
<quantity id="4CA447CAFF27CD62FDC7F9EDFD40F9B5" box="[618,717,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1717" metricValueMax="2.3368" metricValueMin="2.0065999999999997" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="85.5" valueMax="92.0" valueMin="79.0">79–92 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FD79F9EDFCEEF9B4" ID-CoL="PXJ" box="[724,867,1556,1580]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FD79F9EDFCEEF9B4" box="[724,867,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<quantity id="4CA447CAFF27CD62FC34F9EDFC71F9B5" box="[921,1020,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2479" metricValueMax="2.3368" metricValueMin="2.159" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="88.5" valueMax="92.0" valueMin="85.0">85–92 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FBAEF9EDFBF6F9B4" ID-CoL="5WB9" box="[1027,1147,1556,1580]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FBAEF9EDFBF6F9B4" box="[1027,1147,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346B9A4FF27CD65FF6AF9CEFA8CF9C8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF27CD62FF6AF9CEFBC7F900" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF6AF9CEFEB6F9C8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE6CF9C1FDBCF9C8" box="[449,561,1592,1616]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE6CF9C1FDBCF9C8" box="[449,561,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aëtobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF27CD62FCADF9CEFC49F9C8" author="Blainville" box="[768,964,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" refString="Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1816">Blainville (1816)</bibRefCitation>
, as a subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FB3BF9C1FB46F9D7" box="[1174,1227,1592,1615]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FB3BF9C1FB46F9D7" box="[1174,1227,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Raia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for the eagle-like rays, with thick head, broad and polygon-shaped teeth, convex pectoral-anterior margins, very long tail with serrated sting. He included the following species as other members of this subgenus:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF27CD62FF3AF931FE75F80C" blockId="3.[151,584,1735,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AF931FE96F978" box="[151,283,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">filicaudatus</emphasis>
(not available, name only) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FF3AF915FE8CF89C" box="[151,257,1772,1796]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flagellum">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AF915FE8CF89C" box="[151,257,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">flagellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FE85F915FD84F89C" box="[296,521,1772,1796]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flagellum">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FE85F915FD84F89C" box="[296,521,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetobatus flagellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AF8E9FF67F8B0" box="[151,234,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">forsteri</emphasis>
(not available, name only). 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AF8CDFF7BF8D4" box="[151,246,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">hamatus</emphasis>
(not available, name only) 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AF8A1FF67F8E8" box="[151,234,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">lobatus</emphasis>
(not available, name only) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FF3AF884FF79F80C" box="[151,244,1917,1940]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AF884FF79F80C" box="[151,244,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FEB6F885FE62F80C" box="[283,495,1916,1940]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FEB6F885FE62F80C" box="[283,495,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetobatus narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF27CD62FF3AF859FD85F820" blockId="3.[151,584,1735,2013]" box="[151,520,1952,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FF3AF859FF61F820" box="[151,236,1952,1976]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nichofii">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AF859FF61F820" box="[151,236,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">nichofii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF27CD62FEB9F859FE72F820" box="[276,511,1952,1976]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nichofii">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FEB9F859FE72F820" box="[276,511,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Aetomylaeus nichofii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF27CD62FF3AF83DFD94F845" blockId="3.[151,584,1735,2013]" box="[151,537,1988,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF27CD62FF3AF83DFF60F844" box="[151,237,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">obtusus</emphasis>
(not available, name only)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF20CD65FF3AFF61FD85FF28" blockId="4.[151,544,152,248]" box="[151,520,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FF3AFF61FF71FF28" box="[151,252,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FF3AFF61FF71FF28" box="[151,252,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">ocellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FE8EFF61FE72FF28" box="[291,511,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FE8EFF61FE72FF28" box="[291,511,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus ocellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF20CD65FF3AFF44FDADFF60" blockId="4.[151,544,152,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FF3AFF44FF7DFF4C" box="[151,240,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">sinensis</emphasis>
(not available, name only) 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FF3AFF19FF7EFF60" box="[151,243,224,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FF3AFF19FF7EFF60" box="[151,243,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not available, name only)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF20CD65FF6AFED1FB3DFD30" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
Bory de 
<collectingCountry id="F34BAABFFF20CD65FE8AFEDEFE4CFED8" box="[295,449,295,320]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Saint-Vincent</collectingCountry>
(1822) subsequently designated the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FCF1FED1FC01FED8" box="[860,908,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
of the subgenus 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FBE7FED1FB23FED8" box="[1098,1198,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobate</emphasis>
of Blainville as 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FACAFED1FF52FEFC" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FACAFED1FF52FEFC" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Raia aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (as the senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FD81FEB4FB81FEFD" authority="Blainville, 1816" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[556,1036,332,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Aetobatus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FD81FEB4FCC0FEFC" box="[556,845,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Raia (Aetobatus) vulgaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FCF9FEB5FB81FEFD" author="Blainville" box="[852,1036,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1816">Blainville, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FB3FFEB4FA0FFEFD" authority="Blainville" authorityName="Blainville" box="[1170,1410,332,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FB3FFEB4FA80FEFC" box="[1170,1293,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. vulgaris</emphasis>
Blainville
</taxonomicName>
is not an available name (nomen nudum) and thus is not a valid designation. Although a number of authors considered 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FEB4FE6CFDB5FE35" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[281,568,404,429]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FEB4FE6CFE0FFE34" box="[281,386,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. aquila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FE27FE6DFDB5FE35" author="Linnaeus" box="[394,568,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Vol. 1. Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FD21FE6CFD31FE35" box="[652,700,405,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species of Blainville’s subgenus, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FBEDFE6DFB63FE34" author="Kottelat" box="[1088,1262,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibiography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement, No. 27, 1 - 663." type="book chapter" year="2013">Kottelat (2013)</bibRefCitation>
stated that this was incorrect since the use of “R. Aquilae in the sentence &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FCC9FE41FC59FE48" box="[868,980,440,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FCC9FE41FC59FE48" box="[868,980,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aëtobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aut R. Aquilae&quot; on the left margin in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FF3AFE25FE1DFE6C" author="Blainville" box="[151,400,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1816">Blainville (1816: 112)</bibRefCitation>
is a vernacular name, thus meaning &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FC96FE25FC26FE6C" box="[827,939,476,500]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FC96FE25FC26FE6C" box="[827,939,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aëtobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or eagle rays&quot;. It is apparent from the other genera or subgenera in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FE32FE06FDEDFD80" author="Blainville" box="[415,608,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1816">Blainville (1816)</bibRefCitation>
that the left hand column contains the scientific name and the vernacular name, e.g. “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FE8DFDDDFE1BFDA4" box="[288,406,548,572]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasybatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FE8DFDDDFE1BFDA4" box="[288,406,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Dasybatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aut R. communes” = “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FD33FDDDFC99FDA4" box="[670,788,548,572]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasybatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FD33FDDDFC99FDA4" box="[670,788,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Dasybatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or common rays” [note usage of plural “communes”]. If this logic is followed, the designation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FDDBFDB0FD52FDF8" box="[630,735,584,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FDDBFDB0FD52FDF8" box="[630,735,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FC9AFDB1FCEAFDF8" box="[823,871,584,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species for Blainville’s 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FB2FFDB1FB7FFDF8" box="[1154,1266,584,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FB2FFDB1FB7FFDF8" box="[1154,1266,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not correct. 
<collectingCountry id="F34BAABFFF20CD65FF3AFD95FF6FFD1D" box="[151,226,620,645]" name="Jordan" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Jordan</collectingCountry>
(1917) commented that Blainville’s obvious intent was to make 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FC1BFD94FB90FD1C" box="[950,1053,620,644]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FC1BFD94FB90FD1C" box="[950,1053,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
his “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FBF5FD95FAA6FD1C" box="[1112,1323,620,644]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FBF5FD95FAA6FD1C" box="[1112,1323,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, the best known of the eagle rays, his 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FE75FD69FD81FD30" box="[472,524,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
. Thus, the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FD2BFD69FD3BFD30" box="[646,694,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species for this genus is a complicated issue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF20CD65FF6AFD4DFAC2FB88" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FF6AFD4DFE46FD54" author="Muller" box="[199,459,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Muller, J. &amp; Henle, F. G. J. (1837) Uber die Gattungen der Haifische und Rochen nach einer con ihm mit Hrn. Henle unternommenen gemeinschaftlichen Arbeit uber die Naturgeschichte der Knorpelfische. Bericht Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1837, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="1837">Müller &amp; Henle (1837)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FD1FFD4DFC91FD54" box="[690,796,692,716]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FD1FFD4DFC91FD54" box="[690,796,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for those species with only one row of teeth in each jaw and with a deeply notched nasal valve. These authors did not designate a 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FC46FD21FB96FD68" box="[1003,1051,728,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species for the genus but instead mentioned that it consists of two species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FDDAFD05FC0CFC8C" author="Muller" box="[631,897,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Muller, J. &amp; Henle, F. G. J. (1841) Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, 1841, 103 - 200." type="journal article" year="1841">Müller &amp; Henle (1841)</bibRefCitation>
included 2 species in their genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FAA7FD05FAF9FC8C" box="[1290,1396,764,788]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FAA7FD05FAF9FC8C" box="[1290,1396,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FA29FD05FF79FCAF" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FA29FD05FF79FCAF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">A. narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FE99FCD9FE33FCA0" box="[308,446,800,824]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flagellum">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FE99FCD9FE33FCA0" box="[308,446,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">A. flagellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which can be assumed are the two species mentioned in their generic description. Although the new genus proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FDEAFCBDFCDDFCC4" author="Muller" box="[583,848,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Muller, J. &amp; Henle, F. G. J. (1837) Uber die Gattungen der Haifische und Rochen nach einer con ihm mit Hrn. Henle unternommenen gemeinschaftlichen Arbeit uber die Naturgeschichte der Knorpelfische. Bericht Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1837, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="1837">Müller &amp; Henle (1837)</bibRefCitation>
is distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FBA1FCBDFB09FCC4" box="[1036,1156,836,860]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FBA1FCBDFB09FCC4" box="[1036,1156,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which was needed, they use a name which is a homonym, i.e. preoccupied by 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FD56FC91FBA6FC18" authority="Blainville, 1816" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[763,1067,871,896]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FD56FC91FCE6FC18" box="[763,875,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FCDEFC9EFBA6FC18" author="Blainville" box="[883,1067,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1816">Blainville, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, thus is not valid. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FB50FC91FA11FC18" author="Cantor" box="[1277,1436,872,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1849) Catalogue of Malayan fishes. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 18, 983 - 1443." type="journal article" year="1849">Cantor (1849)</bibRefCitation>
detected this problem and proposed the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FD08FC75FC94FC3C" box="[677,793,908,932]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Stoasodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FD08FC75FC94FC3C" box="[677,793,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Stoasodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as a replacement name for Müller &amp; Henle’s 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FA86FC75FA18FC3C" box="[1323,1429,908,932]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FA86FC75FA18FC3C" box="[1323,1429,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FF12FC49FEB6FC5F" box="[191,315,944,967]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FF12FC49FEB6FC5F" box="[191,315,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">A. narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F34BAABFFF20CD65FEE7FC56FE18FC50" box="[330,405,943,968]" name="Jordan" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Jordan</collectingCountry>
(1917) states the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FDF3FC49FD03FC50" box="[606,654,944,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FCA0FC49FC7FFC50" authority="Blainville" authorityName="Blainville" box="[781,1010,943,968]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FCA0FC49FCF0FC50" box="[781,893,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
Blainville
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FBB4FC48FB1BFC5F" box="[1049,1174,944,968]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FBB4FC48FB1BFC5F" box="[1049,1174,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as restricted by Müller &amp; Henle. This may be the first subsequent designation of a 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FC80FC2CFCD0FC75" box="[813,861,981,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species to this genus as Müller &amp; Henle mentioned two species in their description and subsequent treatments without defining one of these as the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FB6DFC01FB7DFB88" box="[1216,1264,1016,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF20CD65FF6AFBE5FADCFA95" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
The issue of what the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FE78FBE4FD88FBAD" box="[469,517,1053,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FD3CFBE5FCF1FBAD" authority="Blainville" authorityName="Blainville" box="[657,892,1052,1077]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FD3CFBE5FC8CFBAC" box="[657,769,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
Blainville
</taxonomicName>
is has important ramifications for the generic arrangement of this family. If 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FE58FBB8FDD2FBC0" box="[501,607,1088,1112]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FE58FBB8FDD2FBC0" box="[501,607,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FC98FBB9FCE8FBC0" box="[821,869,1088,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FC46FBB9FBD6FBC0" box="[1003,1115,1088,1112]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FC46FBB9FBD6FBC0" box="[1003,1115,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, then this genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FA89FBB9FA11FBC0" box="[1316,1436,1088,1112]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Myliobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FA89FBB9FA11FBC0" box="[1316,1436,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Myliobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FE5AFB9DFDEAFBE4" box="[503,615,1124,1148]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FE5AFB9DFDEAFBE4" box="[503,615,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FD19FB9DFCFAFBE5" author="Blainville" box="[692,887,1124,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124." type="journal article" year="1816">Blainville (1816)</bibRefCitation>
was published in October that year and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FAFDFB9DFF6CFB38" author="Cuvier" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Cuvier, G. (1816) Le Regne Animal distribue d'apres son organisation pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les annelides. Vol. 2. 1 st Edition. Chez Deterville, Paris, 532 pp." type="book" year="1816">Cuvier (1816)</bibRefCitation>
in November according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD97DEFF20CD65FDB0FB7EFD7DFB38" author="Eschmeyer" box="[541,752,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N. (Ed.) (2014) Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available from: http: // research. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 12 April 2014)" type="journal article" year="2014">Eschmeyer (2014)</bibRefCitation>
. In this scenario, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FC17FB71FB0FFB38" authority="Cantor" authorityName="Cantor" box="[954,1154,1160,1184]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Stoasodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FC17FB71FBA3FB38" box="[954,1070,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Stoasodon</emphasis>
Cantor
</taxonomicName>
would become the valid genus for those rays currently in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FDBDFB55FD0DFB5C" box="[528,640,1196,1220]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FDBDFB55FD0DFB5C" box="[528,640,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This would seriously affect the nomenclatural stability of this family and is thus an undesirable option. If 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FDCEFB28FD6AFB7F" box="[611,743,1232,1256]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FDCEFB28FD6AFB7F" box="[611,743,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FC62FB29FC72FB70" box="[975,1023,1232,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FB3EFB29FA8EFB70" box="[1171,1283,1232,1256]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FB3EFB29FA8EFB70" box="[1171,1283,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the generic arrangement of this family remains unaltered. In this paper, we agree with Kottelat’s (2013) suggestion that:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF20CD65FF6AFAC4FD8EFA05" blockId="4.[199,1436,1340,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
• 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FF58FAC4FED1FACC" box="[245,348,1340,1364]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FF58FAC4FED1FACC" box="[245,348,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not included in Blainville’s subgeneric description (referring to vernacular name only); • Blainville’s 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FED0FA99FD2DFAE0" box="[381,672,1376,1400]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris" subGenus="Aetobatus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FED0FA99FE3FFAEF" box="[381,434,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Raia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FE6EFA99FDBEFAE0" box="[451,563,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FDE9FA99FD2DFAE0" box="[580,672,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FCE8FA99FCF8FAE0" box="[837,885,1376,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species (following Bory de 
<collectingCountry id="F34BAABFFF20CD65FB19FAA6FAC2FAE0" box="[1204,1359,1375,1400]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Saint Vincent</collectingCountry>
, 1822) as it is a nomen nudum;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF20CD65FF6AFA51FEFDFA7C" blockId="4.[199,1436,1340,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
• 
<collectingCountry id="F34BAABFFF20CD65FF58FA5EFECDFA58" box="[245,320,1447,1472]" name="Jordan" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Jordan</collectingCountry>
(1917) appears to be the first subsequent designation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FC19FA50FBBDFA27" box="[948,1072,1448,1472]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinari">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FC19FA50FBBDFA27" box="[948,1072,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. narinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FBD0FA51FB20FA58" box="[1149,1197,1448,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species for the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FF54FA35FEE4FA7C" box="[249,361,1484,1508]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FF54FA35FEE4FA7C" box="[249,361,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3EA2FFF20CD65FF6AF9EDFA8CF9C8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1556,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
If subsequent work shows that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FD88F9ECFD01F9B4" box="[549,652,1556,1580]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquila">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FD88F9ECFD01F9B4" box="[549,652,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">R. aquila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be recognised as the 
<typeStatus id="54E7548DFF20CD65FC7EF9ECFB8EF9B5" box="[979,1027,1557,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
species for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C91ACFF20CD65FB26F9EDFB76F9B4" box="[1163,1275,1556,1580]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928363DFF20CD65FB26F9EDFB76F9B4" box="[1163,1275,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Aetobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a submission should be made to the ICZN to maintain the generic arrangement to preserve nomenclatural stability.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>