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<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282224" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c9db890-c1df-4340-8be1-8e5cd631aeed" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282224" checkinTime="1460519716872" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Plisko, Jadwiga Danuta" docDate="2012" docId="03F54361FFACFF9BE68BD5EDBD956B94" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03458p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3458" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@b4d83ac" docStyleName="zootaxa.2007.monograph" docTitle="Parachilota Pickford 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFCC3B19FFB8FF8FE61CD62FBD796E71" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the South African Acanthodrilidae (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae: Acanthodrilinae, Benhamiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="4" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1676997639627" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>An annotated checklist of the South African Acanthodrilidae (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae: Acanthodrilinae, Benhamiinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Plisko, Jadwiga Danuta</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3458</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>4</mods:start>
<mods:end>58</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">3c9db890-c1df-4340-8be1-8e5cd631aeed</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">282224</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6171188" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119524971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6171188" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F54361FFACFF9BE68BD5EDBD956B94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F54361FFACFF9BE68BD5EDBD956B94" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection box="[151,567,962,988]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,567,962,988]" box="[151,567,962,988]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,567,962,988]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,567,962,988]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,377,962,988]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
Genus
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="84RKT" ID-ENA="683652" authority="Pickford, 1937" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1937" box="[236,377,962,988]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Parachilota</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Pickford" box="[384,567,962,988]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">
Pickford,
<number box="[508,567,962,988]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1937.0">1937</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1024,1033,1117]" box="[151,487,1033,1055]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,487,1033,1055]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="84RKT" authority="Pickford, 1937: 180" authorityName="Pickford" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,483,1033,1055]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,272,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Parachilota</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Pickford" box="[278,483,1033,1055]" page="180" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation author="Pickford" box="[278,432,1033,1055]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">
Pickford,
<number box="[378,432,1034,1055]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1937.0">1937</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:
<number box="[442,483,1034,1055]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="180.0">180</number>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1024,1033,1117]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="84VKH" authority="Michaelsen, 1910" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,415,1064,1086]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,226,1064,1086]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Udeina</emphasis>
Michaelsen,
<number box="[361,415,1064,1085]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1910.0">1910</number>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation author="Ljungstrom" box="[425,654,1064,1086]" page="370" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation author="Ljungstrom" box="[425,603,1064,1086]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Ljungstrom, P. O. (1969) On the earthworm genus Udeina (Acanthodrilidae, Oligochaeta) in South Africa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 182, 370 - 379." type="journal article" year="1969">
Ljungström
<number box="[549,603,1064,1086]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1969.0">1969</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:
<number box="[613,654,1064,1085]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="370.0">370</number>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<number box="[665,719,1064,1086]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1972.0">1972</number>
b:
<number box="[741,779,1064,1085]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="101.0">101</number>
(partim).*)
<taxonomicName authority="Reynolds &amp; Cook, 1976: 57" authorityName="Reynolds &amp; Cook" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,574,1094,1117]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,281,1095,1117]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Parachilota:</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Reynolds" box="[286,574,1094,1116]" page="57" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation author="Reynolds" box="[286,536,1094,1116]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Reynolds J. W. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">
Reynolds &amp; Cook,
<number box="[482,536,1094,1116]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1976.0">1976</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:
<number box="[546,574,1094,1116]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="57.0">57</number>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Zicsi" box="[585,734,1094,1116]" page="63" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation author="Zicsi" box="[585,696,1094,1116]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Zicsi, A. (1998) Neue und seltene terrestrische Oligochaeten aus Sudafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 95, 59 - 77." type="journal article" year="1998">
Zicsi
<number box="[642,696,1095,1116]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1998.0">1998</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:
<number box="[706,734,1094,1116]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="63.0">63</number>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Plisko" box="[744,919,1094,1116]" page="298" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation author="Plisko" box="[744,868,1094,1116]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2004) Review of the balantine genus Udeina Michaelsen, 1910 with descriptions of six new species in South Africa (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Acanthodrilinae). African Invertebrates, 45, 287 - 313." type="journal article" year="2004">
Plisko
<number box="[814,868,1095,1116]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
: 298
</treatmentCitation>
, 2008:
<number box="[992,1020,1095,1116]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="21.0">21</number>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,860,1161,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,1161,1509]" box="[151,860,1161,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,299,1161,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,1162,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1899a: 104" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1899" box="[313,857,1161,1185]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="algoensis">
<emphasis box="[313,559,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Parachilota algoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[574,848,1161,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1899 a) Terricolen von verschiedenen Gebieten der Erde. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 16 (2), 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="1899" yearSuffix="a">
Michaelsen,
<number box="[719,779,1161,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1899.0">1899</number>
a:
<number box="[802,848,1161,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="104.0">104</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,1161,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,1197,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Remarks</emphasis>
.*)
<bibRefCitation author="Ljungstrom" box="[345,551,1197,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Ljungstrom, P. O. (1969) On the earthworm genus Udeina (Acanthodrilidae, Oligochaeta) in South Africa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 182, 370 - 379." type="journal article" year="1969">Ljungström (1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Ljungstrom" box="[562,633,1197,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Ljungstrom, P. O. (1972 b) Taxonomical and ecological notes on the earthworm genus Udeina and a requiem for the South African acanthodrilines. Pedobiologia, 12 (2), 100 - 110." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">1972b</bibRefCitation>
) considered
<taxonomicName authority="Pickford, 1937" authorityName="Pickford" authorityYear="1937" box="[776,1083,1197,1221]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[776,910,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Parachilota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Pickford" box="[917,1083,1197,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">
Pickford,
<number box="[1027,1083,1197,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1937.0">1937</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1910" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1910" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1353,1435,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Udeina</emphasis>
Michaelsen,
<number box="[294,354,1233,1257]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1910.0">1910</number>
</taxonomicName>
. Both genera are proandric and avesiculate but they differ in the male reproductive system, acanthodriline in
<taxonomicName box="[295,429,1269,1293]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[295,429,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Parachilota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, balantine in
<taxonomicName box="[581,664,1269,1293]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[581,664,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Udeina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ljungström understood the so-called ‘balantine reduction’ as only a variation, observed at his time only in two proandric, acanthodriline, avesiculate species accredited to
<taxonomicName box="[1296,1378,1305,1329]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1296,1378,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Udeina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The synonymy was not accepted later by (
<bibRefCitation author="Zicsi" box="[578,703,1341,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Zicsi, A. (1998) Neue und seltene terrestrische Oligochaeten aus Sudafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 95, 59 - 77." type="journal article" year="1998">
Zicsi
<number box="[644,703,1341,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="1998.0">1998</number>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Plisko" box="[716,852,1341,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2004) Review of the balantine genus Udeina Michaelsen, 1910 with descriptions of six new species in South Africa (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Acanthodrilinae). African Invertebrates, 45, 287 - 313." type="journal article" year="2004">Plisko 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Plisko" box="[865,925,1341,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2006) The Oligochaeta type material housed at the Natal Museum, South Africa. African Invertebrates, 47, 51 - 61. (Supporting Online Material: http: // www. africaninvertebrates. org. za / PliskoCat 2006 _ 123. aspx; accessed 10 January 2012)" type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Csuzdi" box="[937,1080,1341,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. (2010) A monograph of the Paleotropical Benhamiinae earthworms. (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae). In: Csudi Cs. &amp; Mahunka S. (Eds.), Pedozoologica Hungarica, Taxonomic, zoogeographic and faunistic studies on soil animals, No 6. Budapest: Hungarian Natural History Museum, 348 pp." type="book" year="2010">
Csuzdi
<number box="[1022,1080,1341,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" value="2010.0">2010</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) and Ljungström's new
<taxonomicName box="[1353,1435,1341,1365]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Udeina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1353,1435,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Udeina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species needed revision. Examination of species descriptions and—when possible—type material made clear that several species of
<emphasis box="[368,451,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Udenia</emphasis>
described by
<bibRefCitation author="Ljungstrom" box="[619,829,1413,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Ljungstrom, P. O. (1969) On the earthworm genus Udeina (Acanthodrilidae, Oligochaeta) in South Africa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 182, 370 - 379." type="journal article" year="1969">Ljungström (1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Ljungstrom" box="[844,915,1413,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Ljungstrom, P. O. (1972 b) Taxonomical and ecological notes on the earthworm genus Udeina and a requiem for the South African acanthodrilines. Pedobiologia, 12 (2), 100 - 110." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">1972b</bibRefCitation>
) belong to
<taxonomicName box="[1055,1189,1413,1437]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1055,1189,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Parachilota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some of them have already been revised and transferred to
<taxonomicName box="[600,734,1449,1473]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[600,734,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="24">Parachilota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Plisko" box="[749,888,1449,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2004) Review of the balantine genus Udeina Michaelsen, 1910 with descriptions of six new species in South Africa (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Acanthodrilinae). African Invertebrates, 45, 287 - 313." type="journal article" year="2004">Plisko 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Plisko" box="[901,961,1449,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" refString="Plisko, J. D. (2008) New South African Acanthodrilinae earthworm species, with new data for some earlier known members of the genus Parachilota (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). African Invertebrates, 49 (2), 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
); others are assessed in this checklist (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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