200 lines
21 KiB
XML
200 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="D2E96878471DADC8590AC0B7160F23B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F5071399D4FF6F03C5F530F989F829" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Cephalophus harveyi Thomas 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="730" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="730" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7C0D0054176E8A5B92431D2BFE3E3901" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="433AA5E6DA4014051D64ECECF4B8ABD1">
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<mods:title id="2B55B590FE8AA11EF5AE84AE0D0BEAE6">Bovidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="37E6BA3984AC98676E7B35E83C6F9EA0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1F68F78A5BF4B42353B7EF7C473F3709">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="574B69327B8B9595A191B9694813B112">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="23FB061F50F97B12ED737B320E49840B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8BFF89B2F90A91F077698A62D038A695">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F0EFFC717CD7A5CB3FA769D1CEEF3912">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8DDD641B255B8E0F93550CA864487C9E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B9A5C204C21594B0347240EF8479928C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="332F1A135B1970EF9788119D5F45C3B0">
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<mods:dateIssued id="94212FE0B440F38AEE66038D752BBC44">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="718BF3152EE4D0760B834D24A27BA27A" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="CB3C5209E06F3C2B34CD6F00EFF224CD">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="D990D80D050A81DE3A2084D8913B86D4">
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<mods:placeTerm id="74F9399C0CDC142B107AF449C73AB74F">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9876A0B3F1F4654AC05601FD546091FB">
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<mods:title id="19FA050DFEA2272D30493CAF15FB4A45">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5201BD7694677733975362BF01B5D319">
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<mods:extent id="91D74082B3BD8460AC728455BAA49764" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="F658BC47FD4A7233FB66A9452DBDFE09">444</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5B20C5EEA55D95A120C42F372978035B">779</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="F078E3415AB3ACBB11BE69CCB0F4A95A">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3C81197E71EF5D0DFE39CBB0DEFB1F4F" type="CLB-Dataset">58516</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1E50FE20BF3817C2CE1C04E1899E487F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="437ABB909E838362D95D1AAD030E5735" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F5071399D4FF6F03C5F530F989F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6773221" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6773221" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5071399D4FF6F03C5F530F989F829" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5071399D4FF6F03C5F530F989F829" lastPageNumber="730" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F03C5F530FEC8F565" box="[211,293,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F03C5F530FEC8F565" blockId="159.[209,1116,2738,2831]" box="[211,293,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<heading id="D0AB016999D4FF6F03C5F530FEC8F565" box="[211,293,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA8099D4FF6F03C5F530FEC8F565" box="[211,293,2738,2788]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="156.[100,130,3345,3370]" captionTargetBox="[13,2771,13,3637]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="On following pages: 259. Western White-bellied Duiker (Cephalophus leucogaster); 260. Uele White-bellied Duiker (Cephalophus arrhenii); 261. Red-flanked Duiker (Cephalophus rufilatus); 262. Natal Red Duiker (Cephalophus natalensis); 263. Harvey's Duiker (Cephalophus harveyi); 264. Black-fronted Duiker (Cephalophus nigrifrons); 265. ltombwe Duiker (Cephalophus hypoxanthus); 266. Rwenzori Duiker (Cephalophus rubidus); 267. Mount Elgon Duiker (Cephalophus fosteri); 268. Mount Kenya Duiker (Cephalophus hooki)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512973/files/figure.png" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">263.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F0220F530FD6EF565" box="[310,643,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F0220F530FD6EF565" blockId="159.[209,1116,2738,2831]" box="[310,643,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<heading id="D0AB016999D4FF6F0220F530FD6EF565" box="[310,643,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99D4FF6F0220F530FD6EF565" box="[310,643,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Harvey's Duiker</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F01DBF530FBD1F565" box="[717,1084,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F01DBF530FBD1F565" blockId="159.[209,1116,2738,2831]" box="[717,1084,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<heading id="D0AB016999D4FF6F01DBF530FBD1F565" box="[717,1084,2738,2788]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699D4FF6F01DBF530FBD1F565" ID-CoL="SDRG" authority="Thomas, 1893" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1893" box="[717,1084,2738,2788]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harveyi">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F01DBF530FBD1F565" box="[717,1084,2738,2788]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Cephalophus harveyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F03C4F574FBB6F48A" box="[210,1115,2806,2827]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F03C4F574FBB6F48A" blockId="159.[209,1116,2738,2831]" box="[210,1115,2806,2827]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<heading id="D0AB016999D4FF6F03C4F574FBB6F48A" box="[210,1115,2806,2827]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F03C4F574FEF2F48A" bold="true" box="[210,287,2806,2827]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99D4FF6F023EF574FDE6F48A" box="[296,523,2806,2827]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Céphalophe de Harvey</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F0109F574FD97F48A" bold="true" box="[543,634,2806,2827]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99D4FF6F0192F574FCDBF48A" box="[644,822,2806,2827]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Harvey-Rotducker</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F005DF574FC4BF48A" bold="true" box="[843,934,2806,2827]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B99D4FF6F00A6F574FBB6F48A" box="[944,1115,2806,2827]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Duiker de Harvey</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F002EF4BEFC6FF401" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F002EF4BEFC6FF401" blockId="159.[824,1411,2876,3298]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F002EF4BEFC3EF4D8" bold="true" box="[824,979,2876,2905]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699D4FF6F00FCF4BEFC90F401" ID-CoL="SDRG" authority="Thomas, 1893" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harveyi">Cephalophus harveyi Thomas, 1893</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F009BF4E5FBD5F401" box="[909,1080,2919,2944]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F009BF4E5FBD5F401" blockId="159.[824,1411,2876,3298]" box="[909,1080,2919,2944]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC5899D4FF6F009BF4E5FBD5F401" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198318" box="[909,1080,2919,2944]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<collectingRegion id="499878E799D4FF6F009BF4E5FBD9F401" box="[909,1076,2919,2944]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F002EF408FC6CF3C4" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F002EF408FC6CF3C4" blockId="159.[824,1411,2876,3298]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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The species status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699D4FF6F0765F408FB1EF426" box="[1139,1267,2954,2983]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harvey">C. harvey</taxonomicName>
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: has been debated frequently; it is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699D4FF6F07CEF457FA91F477" authorityName="A. Smith" authorityYear="1834" box="[1240,1404,3029,3062]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="159" pageNumber="773" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natalensis">C. natalensis</taxonomicName>
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, but is treated as a full species here. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F002FF3C9FED8F288" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D99D4FF6F002FF3C9FED8F288" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512881/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" targetBox="[208,800,2882,3297]" targetPageId="159">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F002FF3C9FED8F288" blockId="159.[824,1411,2876,3298]" lastBlockId="159.[210,1411,3308,3455]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F002FF3C9FC05F3ED" bold="true" box="[825,1000,3147,3180]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F0707F3C9FB6DF3ED" box="[1041,1152,3147,3180]" name="Somalia" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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and C & E
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F0638F3C9FA6EF3ED" box="[1326,1411,3147,3180]" name="Kenya" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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through
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F00ACF3F0FBD5F312" box="[954,1080,3186,3219]" name="Tanzania" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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to N
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F0780F3F0FB13F312" box="[1174,1278,3186,3219]" name="Zambia" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F0646F3F0FC9CF33B" name="Malawi" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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; an isolated population from C
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F0639F31FFC89F363" name="Ethiopia" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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has been tentatively identified as C. harvey.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F03C5F28DF967FCD8" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F03C5F28DF967FCD8" blockId="159.[210,1411,3308,3455]" lastBlockId="159.[1474,2682,273,1962]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F03C5F28DFE23F2B1" bold="true" box="[211,462,3343,3376]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 85-95 cm, tail 8-11 cm, shoulder height 38.5-47 cm; weight 9.4-13.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099D4FF6F0288F2B4FE33F2D6" box="[414,478,3382,3415]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" unit="kg" value="6.0">6 kg</quantity>
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. Harvey's Duiker is generally larger than the Natal Red Duiker (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699D4FF6F0670F2B4FEB7F2FE" authorityName="A. Smith" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Cephalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="159" pageNumber="773" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natalensis">C. natalensis</taxonomicName>
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). The coat is a rich rufous-chestnut color with paler underparts; the overall coloration is brighter and deeper than that of the Natal Red Duiker. There is no dorsalstripe, although the back may be slightly darker than the rest of the body. The legs tend to be dark gray or brownish-black, but there is considerable variation in the degree of darkening, even among individuals in the same region. A dark patch at the back of the head may extend down the neck as far as the shoulders in some individuals (especially those from southern parts of the species’ range). The face is generally reddish, with a distinctly dark brown or blackish blaze from the nose to the top of the head. The forehead is usually black. The muzzle, including the lower lip and chin, is black; the rest of the underside of the jaw is white. The ears are white-lined and tipped with black. The coronal tuft of Harvey's Duiker is darker than in the Natal Red Duiker; the middle of the crest is typically black and the sides reddish. Horns are present in both sexes; they are 6-9 cm long in males and shorter in females (no measurements are available). The bases of the horns are ringed and are very thick; horn length may be only 2-5 times the basal circumference. Dental formula is 10/3, C0/1, P 3/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F06D0FCE2F629FB9F" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F06D0FCE2F629FB9F" blockId="159.[1474,2682,273,1962]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F06D0FCE2F9D8FC00" bold="true" box="[1478,1589,864,897]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Forests with dense vegetation, including coastal thickets, secondary forests, riverine galleries, and montane forests. Harvey's Duikeris present from sea level to elevations above
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099D4FF6F059FFC35F91DFC51" box="[1673,1776,951,976]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
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. Densities in the Udzungwa Mountains,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F0A35FC35F64CFC51" box="[2339,2465,951,976]" name="Tanzania" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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are 2-07-13-32 ind/km?. Based on camera-trapping rates, this species prefers habitats with a high diversity of small plant stems (less than
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<quantity id="4CA41BE099D4FF6F04C2FC7FF7FBFB9F" box="[2004,2070,1021,1054]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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in diameter) and low visibility.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F06D0FBA6F6E5FB62" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F06D0FBA6F6E5FB62" blockId="159.[1474,2682,273,1962]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F06D0FBA6F923FBC4" bold="true" box="[1478,1742,1060,1093]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Anecdotal evidence suggests a diet of fruits, blossoms, and leaves. One stomach examined from northern
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F04EEFBCEF7B5FBEC" box="[2040,2136,1100,1133]" name="Malawi" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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contained green moss, fruits of Diospyros whyteana, Olinia usambarensis, and Uapaca kirkiana, dry leaves of Podocarpus milan-Jianus, and Kiggelaria
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699D4FF6F05ECFB18F889FB3A" box="[1786,1892,1178,1211]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Commelina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">africana</taxonomicName>
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, and buds of Protea sp. Harvey’s Duikers have been observed standing on their hindlegs to reach hanging lichens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F06D1FB6BF78FFAB3" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F06D1FB6BF78FFAB3" blockId="159.[1474,2682,273,1962]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
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<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F06D1FB6BF9A0FA8B" bold="true" box="[1479,1613,1257,1290]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Harvey's Duiker breeds year-round in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F0BF9FB6BF6BFFA8B" box="[2287,2386,1257,1290]" name="Malawi" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Reproductive habits are presumably similar to the Natal Red Duiker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F06D3FABAF88CF99F" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F06D3FABAF88CF99F" blockId="159.[1474,2682,273,1962]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F06D3FABAF95BFAD8" bold="true" box="[1477,1718,1336,1369]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Diurnal. Of 42 camera-trapping observations of Harvey's Duiker in the Udzungwa Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F0461FAE6F81AFA00" box="[1911,2039,1380,1409]" name="Tanzania" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 71% were during daylight (07:00-18:00 h); another 21% were during the periods of dawn and dusk (06:00-07:00 h and 18:00-19:00 h). In northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F0412FA2CF88AFA4E" box="[1796,1895,1454,1487]" name="Malawi" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two distinct periods of activity (early morning and late afternoon) have been observed; at these times, individuals are often seen foraging in open areas adjacentto forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F06D1F9A6F5F1F9ED" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F06D1F9A6F5F1F9ED" blockId="159.[1474,2682,273,1962]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F06D1F9A6F797F9C4" bold="true" box="[1479,2170,1572,1605]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Generally solitary. A pair of Harvey's Duikers observed foraging together in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF69599D4FF6F04FFF9C9F78AF9ED" box="[2025,2151,1611,1644]" name="Tanzania" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
used soft barks as contact calls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F06DEF9F1F7BAF8B0" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F06DEF9F1F7BAF8B0" blockId="159.[1474,2682,273,1962]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F06DEF9F1F8CBF915" bold="true" box="[1480,1830,1651,1684]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The total population has been estimated conservatively at 20,000 individuals. Harvey’s Duiker is common in several protected areas. Principal threats include hunting (both with dogs and snares) and habitat loss, especially in coastal forests. Montane populations are affected by deforestation and human settlement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E99D4FF6F06DEF8C2F989F829" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B60599D4FF6F06DEF8C2F989F829" blockId="159.[1474,2682,273,1962]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A1799D4FF6F06DEF8C2F98FF8D8" bold="true" box="[1480,1634,1856,1881]" pageId="159" pageNumber="730">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bowkett et al. (2008), Cordeiro et al. (2005), Grubb & Groves (2001), IUCN/SSC
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD8699D4FF6F0ACBF8C2F9E9F801" authority="Specialist" authorityName="Specialist" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antelope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="159" pageNumber="730" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Antelope Specialist</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group (2008c), Kingdon (1982, 1997), Lydekker (1914), Rovero & Marshall (2009), Rovero et al. (2005), Wilson (2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |