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<document id="4048BFAA08C1C8D296B9B57184F02E88" ID-CLB-Dataset="7889" ID-DOI="10.1206/3864.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3bf6fc2c-fb02-4b86-a11d-6ef9255eb468" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4566088" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614360144916" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rozen, Jerome G. &amp; Praz, Christophe J." docDate="2016" docId="03ED8E304A408A0DAC7EFB1B1D00FA84" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2016.3864.1-46.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2016 (3864)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3864.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Hoplitis (Alcidamea) hypocrita" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFD4F6484A668A25AD05FFA91E6FF858" masterDocTitle="Mature Larvae and Nesting Biologies of Bees Currently Assigned to the Osmiini (Apoidea: Megachilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698931392955" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="54ED68A7EF669599A1B3C3F127A39015">Mature Larvae and Nesting Biologies of Bees Currently Assigned to the Osmiini (Apoidea: Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9858314B64F011E6EE4F5C0975E0B94E">Rozen, Jerome G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04EF064C92B3138B699CD2749573957C">Praz, Christophe J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03ED8E304A408A0DAC7EFB1B1D00FA84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4583837" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179990478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4583837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED8E304A408A0DAC7EFB1B1D00FA84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED8E304A408A0DAC7EFB1B1D00FA84" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A408A03AC7EFB1B1DAAFC94" box="[379,965,1202,1228]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A408A03AC7EFB1B1DAAFC94" blockId="38.[379,965,1202,1228]" box="[379,965,1202,1228]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0B3884A4A408A03AC7EFB1B1DAAFC94" allCaps="true" box="[379,965,1202,1228]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A408A03AC7EFB1B1DAAFC94" ID-CoL="3MKZ6" authority="(COCKERELL)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[379,965,1202,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypocrita" subGenus="Alcidamea">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A408A03AC7EFB1B1F87FC94" box="[379,488,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">HOPLITIS</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B930E3344A408A03ACFFFB1B1CE9FC94" box="[506,646,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ALCIDAMEA</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B930E3344A408A03AF9DFB1B1D72FC94" box="[664,797,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">HYPOCRITA</emphasis>
(COCKERELL)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A408A02ADADFB431D72FA13" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A408A03ADADFB431AA7FEB1" blockId="38.[120,1225,1257,1770]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
An empty cocoon of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A408A03ACA1FB401C1EFD5B" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[420,625,1257,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypocrita">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A408A03ACA1FB401C1EFD5B" box="[420,625,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hoplitis hypocrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was pinned with the adult that had emerged from it through a tear along the side (fig. 58). Hence, the front of the cocoon was intact. It possessed a well-formed anterior outer cocoon layer bearing on its anterior surface an orderly stack of yellowish fecal pellets, each about 1.0 mm long and 0.25 mm in maximum diameter. These pellets had been deposited on the cell closure at the front of the cocoon before the cocoon was spun. Either at the time of adult eclosion or when the entire cocoon was removed from the cell, the anterior outer layer of the front with attached feces had been partly pulled away from the body of the cocoon (fig. 59), thus partly exposing the front of the now seemingly shrunken inner cocoon layer behind it. This permitted one to see the opaque yellowish-white air-exchange portal, central on the front of the inner layer (arrow) and also the passageway for air exchange between the outer layer and the inner layer. The passageway was strewn with erect fibers connecting the two layers and serving as screening thereby excluding parasites. After the outer layer was completely detached from the body of the cocoon, the erect fibers connecting the two layers were densest around their peripheries (figs. 61, 62). Thus the openings of the pas-
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A418A02AFA8FF4B1D72FA13" blockId="39.[685,1225,225,737]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sageway completely ringed the anterior sides of the cocoon. The air-exchange portal centered on the outer surface front of the inner layer and consisted of a tight cluster of densely screened fenestrations when viewed externally (fig. 61) and facing the inner surface of the outer layer (fig. 62). The inner surface of the inner layer (fig. 63) reveals the screened opening of the air exchange-portal typical of all osmiines.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A418A02AFD8FDFE1D88FB3C" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A418A02AFD8FDFE1AF2FAB9" blockId="39.[685,1225,225,737]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
MATERIAL STUDIED: One cocoon:
<collectingRegion id="4980F1C44A418A02A98DFDFE1AAAFA29" box="[1160,1221,599,625]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Utah</collectingRegion>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B2C357B4A418A02AFA8FDD51AF6FAB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3045971303" collectionCode="USDA" collectorName="Logan Cyn &amp; F. D. Parker &amp; Rearing No. &amp; C. From &amp; Logan" county="Cache Co." latitude="41.760838" location="Cache Co." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-111.70745" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utah">
<collectingCounty id="629A47AA4A418A02AFA8FDD51D4BFACE" box="[685,804,636,662]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cache Co.</collectingCounty>
:
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A418A02AE2AFDD41DC3FACE" box="[815,940,636,663]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Logan Cyn</collectorName>
#4,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7059E14A418A02AED8FDD51A1BFACE" box="[989,1140,636,663]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="1" seconds="39.01" value="41.760838">41 45 39.01N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE7059E14A418A02A979FDD51D6BFAE3" degrees="111" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="1" seconds="26.83" value="-111.70745">111 42 26.83W</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A418A02AE14FD0B1DFFFAE4" box="[785,912,673,700]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F.D. Parker</collectorName>
).
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A418A02AEA5FD081A4AFAE4" box="[928,1061,673,700]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Rearing No.</collectorName>
22757
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A418A02A975FD081AA6FAE4" box="[1136,1225,673,700]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C. From</collectorName>
collection in
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A418A02AE38FD6E1DE8FAB9" box="[829,903,711,737]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e3b9-k2i3" name="United States Department of Agriculture" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USDA</collectionCode>
laboratory,
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A418A02A90EFD6E1A3CFAB9" box="[1035,1107,711,737]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Logan</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="4980F1C44A418A02A95BFD6E1AF6FAB9" box="[1118,1177,711,737]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Utah</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A418A02AFD8FC8C1D88FB3C" blockId="39.[733,1080,805,868]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A418A02AFD8FC8C1A57FB67" authority="SCHMIEDEKNECHTI" authorityName="SCHMIEDEKNECHTI" box="[733,1080,805,831]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A418A02AFD8FC8C1A57FB67" box="[733,1080,805,831]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">HOFFERIA SCHMIEDEKNECHTI</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SCHLETTERER)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A418A02AFD8FC281D38FE89" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A418A02AFD8FC281D38FE89" blockId="39.[685,1225,897,1745]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
The following brief notes are about a nest found in wood of a dead cypress tree in
<collectingCountry id="F3537FB64A418A02A981FC0E1AAAFB99" box="[1156,1221,935,961]" name="Israel" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Israel</collectingCountry>
. This same nest was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD542D74A418A02A946FC651AA7FBBE" author="Muller, A. &amp; V. Trunz" box="[1091,1224,972,998]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="175 - 186" refId="ref23116" refString="Muller, A., and V. Trunz. 2014. Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species. Zootaxa 3765: 175 - 186." type="journal article" year="2014">Müller and</bibRefCitation>
Trunz (2014) in which photographs of the habi- tat and nest were presented. Two cells were arranged in linear series, and one cell measured 9.0 mm long and 4.5 mm in maximum width. The nest entrance tunnel was
<quantity id="4CBC92C34A418A02A922FB2E1AEFFCF9" box="[1063,1152,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long, open except for a mass of pollen in front of cell 2, perhaps an indication that the female intended to place a third cell there. The dark, semitransparent nest closure was composed of clear but dark resin on the inside and a mixture of soil, small pebbles, and resin toward the out- side. Cell partitions are reported to be made FIGURES 6163. SEM micrographs of front end of with resin alone (Müller and Trunz. 2014), and cocoon of
<emphasis id="B930E3344A418A02ADEDFA7B1FCDFDB2" box="[232,418,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A418A02ADEDFA7B1FF0FDB2" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[232,415,1490,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypocrita">Hoplitis hypocrita</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A418A02ACAFFA7B1FA5FDB2" bold="true" box="[426,458,1490,1514]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">61.</emphasis>
Front end of inner a reexamination of the nest after reading this lining showing air-exchange portal, center.
<emphasis id="B930E3344A418A02AF29FA591C23FE50" bold="true" box="[556,588,1520,1544]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">62.</emphasis>
Part of publication confirmed that cell walls were not inner surface of outer layer, center to the left, showing bands of webbing to the right through which air is lined with resin. The cocoon was semitranspar- exchanged around periphery of front end of cocoon. ent, faintly darker than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A418A02A91AF9EE1AECFE39" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1808" box="[1055,1155,1607,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A418A02A91AF9EE1AECFE39" box="[1055,1155,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Heriades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<emphasis id="B930E3344A418A02AD7DF9CC1EF7FE25" bold="true" box="[120,152,1637,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">63.</emphasis>
Inner surface of front end of cocoon showing black fecal pellets pressed to the inner cocoon webbing of air-exchange portal. surface, an indication of cocoon spinning dur- ing defecation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3B6FAE4A4E8A0DAD7CFDBF1C2BFADC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4566124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4566124/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[121,219,534,555]" targetBox="[120,1224,224,508]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A4E8A0DAD7CFDBF1C2BFADC" blockId="40.[120,1225,532,644]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
FIGURES 6467. Photographs of
<emphasis id="B930E3344A4E8A0DACC9FDBD1CB4FA74" box="[460,731,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A4E8A0DACC9FDBD1CB8FA74" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1988" box="[460,727,532,556]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiceps">Pseudoheriades grandiceps</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930E3344A4E8A0DAFE5FDBD1D6FFA74" bold="true" box="[736,768,532,556]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">64.</emphasis>
Female pinned to leaf covered nest cell from which it had emerged.
<emphasis id="B930E3344A4E8A0DAC66FD981FECFA11" bold="true" box="[355,387,561,585]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">65.</emphasis>
Male pinned to petal-covered nest cell.
<emphasis id="B930E3344A4E8A0DAE1BFD981D51FA11" bold="true" box="[798,830,561,585]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">66.</emphasis>
Same specimen as figure 64, posterior view of cell partition.
<emphasis id="B930E3344A4E8A0DAC52FDE61F18FA3F" bold="true" box="[343,375,591,615]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">67.</emphasis>
Cocoon, frontal view, showing air-exchange portal of inner cocoon layer and feces. Photographs provided by Harold W. Ikerd II.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35E6CAD4A4E8A0DADADFD351D00FA84" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFB3F264A4E8A0DADADFD351D00FA84" blockId="40.[120,1224,668,732]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<materialsCitation id="3B2C357B4A4E8A0DADADFD351D07FA84" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3045971306" collectingDate="2013-05-03" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Trunz, D" country="Israel" location="One" municipality="Lehavot" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1">
MATERIAL STUDIED:
<location id="8E9B69FD4A4E8A0DAC9BFD351FBFFAEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED8E304A408A0DAC7EFB1B1D00FA84:8E9B69FD4A4E8A0DAC9BFD351FBFFAEE" box="[414,464,668,694]" country="Israel" municipality="Lehavot" name="One" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">One</location>
nest:
<collectingCountry id="F3537FB64A4E8A0DAF10FD351C37FAEE" box="[533,600,668,694]" name="Israel" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Israel</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9FA55C4A4E8A0DAF67FD351CADFAEE" box="[610,706,668,694]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lehavot</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FFFA19E64A4E8A0DAFC8FD351D54FAEE" box="[717,827,668,694]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2013-05-03">
<collectingDate id="EFBEE00E4A4E8A0DAFC8FD351D54FAEE" box="[717,827,668,694]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2013-05-03">V-3-2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED55A7E34A4E8A0DAE4FFD351D0FFAEE" box="[842,864,668,694]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26B15AF04A4E8A0DAE6FFD341DB9FAEF" box="[874,982,669,695]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Trunz, D</collectorName>
. Bénon) in oval tunnel presumably made by buprestid in wood of a dead
<taxonomicName id="4C4444A54A4E8A0DAFF3FD6B1D07FA84" box="[758,872,706,732]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930E3344A4E8A0DAFF3FD6B1D07FA84" box="[758,872,706,732]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cupressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>