241 lines
34 KiB
XML
241 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="F2FE1C08804F900F2C07F39F3FC1C5F6" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2017.1395919" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184119" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628735592360" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Watson, Charlotte & Faulwetter, Sarah" docDate="2017" docId="03E91002871C1374FE6BFE18FBFFFCB3" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.51.47-48.2863-2924.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (47 - 48)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1395919" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paleanotus Schmarda 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="2888" masterDocId="FFD0687A8704136EFFABFFCFFFFBFFD3" masterDocTitle="Stylet jaws of Chrysopetalidae (Annelida)" masterLastPageNumber="2924" masterPageNumber="2863" pageNumber="2886" updateTime="1699050914801" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8C582F3B19712AA53E569F24AD6606D7">Stylet jaws of Chrysopetalidae (Annelida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="31087CFE7BBB05C66F41D77F51FAF97D">Watson, Charlotte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72267BDA306F7AB51B54643C9DF89C93">Faulwetter, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="83784B2AC8D8A752139AAFCE5D80E947">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="34DACE266BE0B4BC60A0385C1280D823">
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<mods:date id="7DA58C4478F1C0E6B91EB67127ACD7C9">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E9A8ABC670804BD43F59961426953BF5">2017-11-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="298E1E86B6856218B5F6A9031E10CEA0">47 - 48</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BDE7D5DDCA6F3A2AA203C6F1E12713EC">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1395919</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="3FE4993A4D65672EDC9EF8AE3B2B53BE" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2017.1395919</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E18213DA77256E91988915C636D035D8" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E91002871C1374FE6BFE18FBFFFCB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E91002871C1374FE6BFE18FBFFFCB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E91002871C1374FE6BFE18FBFFFCB3" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="2888" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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<subSubSection id="C35AF29F871C1376FE6BFE18FC98FE23" box="[448,867,471,496]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FE6BFE18FC98FE23" blockId="24.[448,867,471,530]" box="[448,867,471,496]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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<heading id="D0B71678871C1376FE6BFE18FC98FE23" box="[448,867,471,496]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" reason="5">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FDBFFE18FC98FE23" ID-CoL="84RHG" authority="Schmarda, 1861" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[532,867,471,496]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FDBFFE18FD66FE23" bold="true" box="[532,669,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Paleanotus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5871C1376FD0EFE18FC98FE23" author="Schmarda LK" box="[677,867,471,496]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" refId="ref26880" refString="Schmarda LK. 1861. Neue wirbellose Thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857, vol. 1. Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden, Pt. 2. [New invertebrate animals, observed and collected during a voyage around the world, 1853 to 1857, vol. 1. Turbellaria, Rotatoria and Annelida, Part 2]. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1861">Schmarda, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AF29F871C1376FE6DFE36FD08FD95" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FE6DFE36FCA6FDC1" blockId="24.[448,867,471,530]" box="[454,861,505,530]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137BBD91871C1376FE65FE36FD96FDC1" box="[462,621,505,530]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-56@25.[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Anterior end of Paleanotus bellis ((a) mCT-00097; (b–f) mCT-00104), imaged through micro- CT and rendered in 3D. (a) dorsal view; (b) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (c) dorsal view, virtually dissected and rendered with lowered opacity to show position of jaws; (d) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (e) lateral view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures. (f) Body cross section at level of jaws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184145/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Figures 13a–f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137BBD91871C1376FDD7FE36FD3DFDC1" box="[636,710,505,530]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,526,549]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,495]" captionTargetId="figure-266@26.[163,1153,142,495]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Jaws of Paleanotus bellis (mCT-00104), imaged through micro-CT. (a) anterolateral view; (b) dorsal view and cross sections through the jaw along its length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184147/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">14a, b</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6C294AF871C1376FD7EFE36FCCCFDC1" box="[725,823,505,530]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[133,189,703,726]" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of pharyngeal and jaw characters." pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6C294AF871C1376FCECFE36FCAEFDC1" box="[839,853,505,530]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[133,189,583,606]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of morphological characters." pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BFDE1FD08FD95" blockId="24.[160,755,558,582]" box="[160,755,558,582]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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<typeStatus id="54FB1FB6871C1376FF0BFDE1FF2DFD95" box="[160,214,558,582]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FE94FDE1FD08FD95" authority="Schmarda, 1861" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[319,755,558,582]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
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<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FE94FDE1FDCEFD95" box="[319,565,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Paleanotus chrysolepis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5871C1376FD95FDE1FD08FD95" author="Schmarda LK" box="[574,755,558,582]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" refId="ref26880" refString="Schmarda LK. 1861. Neue wirbellose Thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857, vol. 1. Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden, Pt. 2. [New invertebrate animals, observed and collected during a voyage around the world, 1853 to 1857, vol. 1. Turbellaria, Rotatoria and Annelida, Part 2]. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1861">Schmarda, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AF29F871C1376FF0BFDBDFD50FD02" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BFDBDFE7BFD5F" blockId="24.[160,1156,626,721]" box="[160,384,626,652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FF0BFDBDFE7BFD5F" bold="true" box="[160,384,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BFD59FD50FD02" blockId="24.[160,1156,626,721]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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Two specimens
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FEFDFD59FD3CFD7D" authority="(Johnson, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[342,711,662,686]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bellis">
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<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FEFDFD59FDF7FD7D" box="[342,524,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Paleanotus bellis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5871C1376FDB1FD59FD44FD7D" author="Johnson HP" box="[538,703,662,686]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" pagination="153 - 198" refId="ref25366" refString="Johnson HP. 1897. A preliminary account of the marine annelids of the Pacific coast, with descriptions of new species. Proc Calif Acad Sci 3 rd Ser. 1: 153 - 198." type="book chapter" year="1897">Johnson, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED5139D1871C1376FD78FD59FCE3FD7D" box="[723,792,662,686]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
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2495,
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<collectionCode id="ED5139D1871C1376FCCEFD59FC51FD7D" box="[869,938,662,686]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
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2493,
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<collectingRegion id="49846FF6871C1376FC5CFD59FB7AFD7D" box="[1015,1153,662,686]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Washington</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F357E184871C1376FF0BFD76FF29FD02" box="[160,210,697,721]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">USA</collectingCountry>
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, Eastern Pacific (mCT-00097, mCT-00104).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AF29F871C1374FF0BFD32FBFFFCB3" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="2888" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BFD32FED7FCC4" blockId="24.[160,1156,765,825]" box="[160,300,765,791]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FF0BFD32FED7FCC4" bold="true" box="[160,300,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Distribution</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BFCEEFB7FFCEA" blockId="24.[160,1156,765,825]" box="[160,1156,801,825]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FF0BFCEEFEE8FCEA" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[160,275,801,825]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FF0BFCEEFEE8FCEA" box="[160,275,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Paleanotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comprises temperate and tropical species found globally between ~
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<geoCoordinate id="EE74C7D3871C1376FC4EFCEEFBE0FCEA" box="[997,1051,801,825]" degrees="55" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" precision="55555" value="55.0">55°N</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<geoCoordinate id="EE74C7D3871C1376FBE4FCEEFB7BFCEA" box="[1103,1152,801,825]" degrees="52" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" precision="55555" value="-52.0">52°S</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BFCAAFF02FCAC" blockId="24.[160,1156,869,1207]" box="[160,249,869,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FF0BFCAAFF02FCAC" bold="true" box="[160,249,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Habitat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BFC46FC4EFB64" blockId="24.[160,1156,869,1207]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FF0BFC46FE8BFC72" box="[160,368,905,929]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FF0BFC46FEE3FC72" box="[160,280,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Paleanotus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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are found from predominantly shallower waters to ~
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<quantity id="4CB80CF1871C1376FC6AFC46FC07FC72" box="[961,1020,905,929]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
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and inhabit crevices of coral and rocky reefs; dead shell middens on sand or mud and among tubiculous polychaete colonies. Species are commonly part of bryozoan, tunicate and algal encrusting accretions on jetty piers and fouling on wooden platforms and hulls of boats (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5871C1376FF5AFBDBFE71FBFF" author="Watson C" box="[241,394,1044,1068]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" pagination="707 - 732" refId="ref27512" refString="Watson C. 2015. Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa. 4019: 707 - 732." type="journal article" year="2015">Watson 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). There are also many instances of commensal association with invertebrates, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FEDCFBF8FD8BFB9C" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[375,624,1079,1103]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
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<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FEDCFBF8FD8BFB9C" box="[375,624,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Paleanotus chrysolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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inside the mantle cavity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FC6AFBF8FF2CFBA2" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytilida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FC6AFBF8FBF5FB9C" box="[961,1038,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Mytilus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5871C1376FBB1FBF8FF2CFBA2" author="Linnaeus C" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" refId="ref25850" refString="Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [System of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera and species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places. Tenth revised edition]. Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius. Latin." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(CW pers. obs.);
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FE3EFB96FDB7FBA2" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[405,588,1113,1137]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bellis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FE3EFB96FDB7FBA2" box="[405,588,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Paleanotus bellis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
‘from inside the mantle cavity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FC66FB96FBB7FBA2" box="[973,1100,1113,1137]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Balanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FC66FB96FBD8FBA2" box="[973,1059,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Balanus</emphasis>
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||
sp.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
’ and from ‘branchial cavity of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FE6FFBB3FD4EFB47" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[452,693,1148,1172]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Loxorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FE6FFBB3FD4EFB47" box="[452,693,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Loxorhynchus grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (LACM collection data);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FC71FBB3FBD5FB47" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[986,1070,1148,1172]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bellis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FC71FBB3FBD5FB47" box="[986,1070,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">P. bellis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
underneath barnacles on pilings at Friday Harbour (McHugh, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BFB2DFE6DFB2F" blockId="24.[160,1156,1250,1519]" box="[160,406,1250,1276]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FF0BFB2DFE6DFB2F" bold="true" box="[160,406,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">General morphology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BFAC8FCA6FA3C" blockId="24.[160,1156,1250,1519]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FF0BFAC8FE88FACC" box="[160,371,1287,1311]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FF0BFAC8FEE3FACC" box="[160,280,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Paleanotus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are slender chrysopetalids with larger species attaining up to ~100 segments for ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB80CF1871C1376FEE6FAE5FE5BFA91" box="[333,416,1322,1346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
length and smaller species attaining maturity at <
|
||
<quantity id="4CB80CF1871C1376FC47FAE5FBCBFA91" box="[1004,1072,1322,1346]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5871C1376FF0DFA83FEC0FAB7" author="Watson C" box="[166,315,1356,1380]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" pagination="707 - 732" refId="ref27512" refString="Watson C. 2015. Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa. 4019: 707 - 732." type="journal article" year="2015">Watson 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dorsum is completely covered by bright golden to silvery coloured, asymmetrical-shaped main paleae in fans and flattened median fascicles that intersect at mid-dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BBD91871C1376FE94FA5DFE46FA79" box="[319,445,1426,1450]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-56@25.[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Anterior end of Paleanotus bellis ((a) mCT-00097; (b–f) mCT-00104), imaged through micro- CT and rendered in 3D. (a) dorsal view; (b) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (c) dorsal view, virtually dissected and rendered with lowered opacity to show position of jaws; (d) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (e) lateral view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures. (f) Body cross section at level of jaws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184145/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Figure 13a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sensory structures include a prostomium, fused with the anterior segments, two pairs of complex eyes, moderate sized oval palps, a glandular nuchal fold and well-developed lateral organs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5871C1376FD10FA18FCAAFA3C" author="Watson C" box="[699,849,1495,1519]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" pagination="707 - 732" refId="ref27512" refString="Watson C. 2015. Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa. 4019: 707 - 732." type="journal article" year="2015">Watson 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1376FF0BF9D4FE8CF9E6" blockId="24.[160,1156,1563,1727]" box="[160,375,1563,1589]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FF0BF9D4FE8CF9E6" bold="true" box="[160,375,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Pharynx and jaws</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFA114871C1377FF0BF9F0FB96F961" blockId="24.[160,1156,1563,1727]" lastBlockId="25.[160,1156,1586,1714]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="2887" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871C1376FF0BF9F0FE88F984" box="[160,371,1599,1623]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871C1376FF0BF9F0FEEDF984" box="[160,278,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Paleanotus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a relatively short proboscis and a moderately long, partly differentiated pharynx with an anterior constriction and posterior caeca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BBD91871C1376FC4CF9ADFB8CF9A9" box="[999,1143,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-56@25.[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Anterior end of Paleanotus bellis ((a) mCT-00097; (b–f) mCT-00104), imaged through micro- CT and rendered in 3D. (a) dorsal view; (b) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (c) dorsal view, virtually dissected and rendered with lowered opacity to show position of jaws; (d) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (e) lateral view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures. (f) Body cross section at level of jaws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184145/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="2886">Figure 13b–f</figureCitation>
|
||
). The elongate, slender jaws sit very close to one another but do not interlink along their length. Cross sections illustrate that the posterior halves of the jaws are situated close together, but anteriorly the jaws diverge outwards, revealing broad internal grooves. There is a slight mid-way swelling on the inner margins at the point that the jaws diverge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BBD91871D1377FEAFF9B7FE63F943" box="[260,408,1656,1680]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,526,549]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,495]" captionTargetId="figure-266@26.[163,1153,142,495]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Jaws of Paleanotus bellis (mCT-00104), imaged through micro-CT. (a) anterolateral view; (b) dorsal view and cross sections through the jaw along its length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184147/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887">Figure 14a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871D1377FE05F9B7FDDFF943" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[430,548,1656,1680]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871D1377FE05F9B7FDDFF943" box="[430,548,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887">Paleanotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stylets possess brown-coloured distal tips roughened like sandpaper, only visible under a compound microscope (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5871D1377FCF9F955FC1CF961" author="Watson C" box="[850,999,1690,1714]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887" pagination="707 - 732" refId="ref27512" refString="Watson C. 2015. Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa. 4019: 707 - 732." type="journal article" year="2015">Watson 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figure 6G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3FF19C871D1377FF0BFAACFC3AFA3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184145/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887" startId="25.[160,225,1379,1402]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1348]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFA114871D1377FF0BFAACFC3AFA3C" blockId="25.[160,1156,1379,1519]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871D1377FF0BFAACFEFCFAA9" bold="true" box="[160,263,1379,1402]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior end of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871D1377FE07FAACFDBDFAA9" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[428,582,1379,1402]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bellis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871D1377FE07FAACFDBDFAA9" box="[428,582,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887">Paleanotus bellis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((a) mCT-00097; (b
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871D1377FCAAFAACFCF6FAA9" box="[769,781,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2887">–</emphasis>
|
||
f) mCT-00104), imaged through micro- CT and rendered in 3D. (a) dorsal view; (b) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (c) dorsal view, virtually dissected and rendered with lowered opacity to show position of jaws; (d) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (e) lateral view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures. (f) Body cross section at level of jaws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3FF19C871E1374FF0BFDC1FCB6FD91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184147" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184147/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888" startId="26.[160,225,526,549]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,495]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFA114871E1374FF0BFDC1FCB6FD91" blockId="26.[160,1156,526,578]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871E1374FF0BFDC1FEF2FDF6" bold="true" box="[160,265,526,549]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Jaws of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871E1374FECFFDC1FDFDFDF6" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[356,518,526,549]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bellis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871E1374FECFFDC1FDFDFDF6" box="[356,518,526,549]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888">Paleanotus bellis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mCT-00104), imaged through micro-CT. (a) anterolateral view; (b) dorsal view and cross sections through the jaw along its length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFA114871E1374FF6BFD54FBFFFCB3" blockId="26.[160,1156,666,864]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888">
|
||
Muscle fibres enhanced with calcium form a discrete ring surrounding the jaws (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BBD91871E1374FF0CFD72FEC3FD06" box="[167,312,701,725]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-56@25.[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Anterior end of Paleanotus bellis ((a) mCT-00097; (b–f) mCT-00104), imaged through micro- CT and rendered in 3D. (a) dorsal view; (b) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (c) dorsal view, virtually dissected and rendered with lowered opacity to show position of jaws; (d) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (e) lateral view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures. (f) Body cross section at level of jaws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184145/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888">Figure 13b–f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Micro-CT scans, virtually dissected and viewed from the posterior end, illustrate that the ring registers a similar density to that of the jaws (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BBD91871E1374FC35FD2FFBF5FD2B" box="[926,1038,736,760]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-56@25.[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Anterior end of Paleanotus bellis ((a) mCT-00097; (b–f) mCT-00104), imaged through micro- CT and rendered in 3D. (a) dorsal view; (b) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (c) dorsal view, virtually dissected and rendered with lowered opacity to show position of jaws; (d) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (e) lateral view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures. (f) Body cross section at level of jaws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184145/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888">Figure 13f</figureCitation>
|
||
). In dorsal top view the calcified section of pharynx is clearly visible as a pair of structures overlying the anterior end of the stylets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137BBD91871E1374FE68FCEAFD9DFCEE" box="[451,614,805,829]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-56@25.[163,1153,142,1348]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Anterior end of Paleanotus bellis ((a) mCT-00097; (b–f) mCT-00104), imaged through micro- CT and rendered in 3D. (a) dorsal view; (b) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (c) dorsal view, virtually dissected and rendered with lowered opacity to show position of jaws; (d) dorsal view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures; (e) lateral view, virtually dissected to expose pharyngeal structures. (f) Body cross section at level of jaws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184145/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888">Figure 13b, c, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interestingly, a similar pharyngeal calcification is seen in related taxa (compare figures of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871E1374FDF6FC87FCABFCB3" box="[605,848,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871E1374FDF6FC87FD2FFCB3" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[605,724,840,864]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Paleanotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871E1374FD74FC87FCABFCB3" box="[735,848,840,864]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Treptopale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Treptopale</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97871E1374FC25FC87FC03FCB3" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1985" box="[910,1016,840,864]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Hyalopale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06871E1374FC25FC87FC03FCB3" box="[910,1016,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2888">Hyalopale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |