171 lines
25 KiB
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171 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="CD5164799AB3B1DA9048DABAA644B537" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2017.1395919" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184119" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628735592360" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Watson, Charlotte & Faulwetter, Sarah" docDate="2017" docId="03E9100287031366FE0BFE68FD22FDD2" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.51.47-48.2863-2924.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (47 - 48)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1395919" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chrysopetalidae Ehlers 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="2870" masterDocId="FFD0687A8704136EFFABFFCFFFFBFFD3" masterDocTitle="Stylet jaws of Chrysopetalidae (Annelida)" masterLastPageNumber="2924" masterPageNumber="2863" pageNumber="2869" updateTime="1699050914801" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="34A0E42A4323AFBAF7953AEA90A45ED6">Stylet jaws of Chrysopetalidae (Annelida)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="73CBFD7677C797D8A9C189A1FDA95AB5">2017</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C35AF29F87031369FE0BFE68FC79FE13" box="[416,898,423,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFFA11487031369FE0BFE68FC79FE13" blockId="7.[396,918,423,483]" box="[416,898,423,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">
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<heading id="D0B7167887031369FE0BFE68FC79FE13" box="[416,898,423,448]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" reason="2">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FE5DFE68FC79FE13" ID-CoL="84K2N" authority="Ehlers, 1864" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[502,898,423,448]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B9347D0687031369FE5DFE68FD10FE13" bold="true" box="[502,747,423,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">CHRYSOPETALIDAE</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FD5FFE68FC79FE13" author="Ehlers E" box="[756,898,423,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" refId="ref24577" refString="Ehlers E. 1864. Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach systematischen und anatomischen Untersuchungen dargestellt [The bristle worms (Annelida Chaetopoda) displayed according to systematic and anatomical research]. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. German." type="book" year="1864">Ehlers, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AF29F87031369FE27FE05FC6DFE30" box="[396,918,458,483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFFA11487031369FE27FE05FC6DFE30" blockId="7.[396,918,423,483]" box="[396,918,458,483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FDA1FE05FC6DFE30" ID-CoL="85GHK" authority="Ehlers, 1864" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[522,918,458,483]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysopetalinae">
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<emphasis id="B9347D0687031369FDA1FE05FD05FE30" bold="true" box="[522,766,458,483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">CHRYSOPETALINAE</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FCA3FE05FC6DFE30" author="Ehlers E" box="[776,918,458,483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" refId="ref24577" refString="Ehlers E. 1864. Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach systematischen und anatomischen Untersuchungen dargestellt [The bristle worms (Annelida Chaetopoda) displayed according to systematic and anatomical research]. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. German." type="book" year="1864">Ehlers, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AF29F87031369FF0BFDEDFC3DFC2D" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFFA11487031369FF0BFDEDFE74FDEF" blockId="7.[160,1155,546,1022]" box="[160,399,546,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">
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<emphasis id="B9347D0687031369FF0BFDEDFE74FDEF" bold="true" box="[160,399,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">Subfamily diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFA11487031369FF0BFD89FC3DFC2D" blockId="7.[160,1155,546,1022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">Small to large bodied; body relatively short compared to number of segments; segments short and close together; flattened to very slight convex dorsum covered in imbricating notochaetal paleal fans (some taxa with additional spines). Flat ventrum, some taxa with segmental ventral pads. Prostomium free or fused with anterior segments: with complex eyes (absent in deep-sea taxa), median antenna, lateral antennae and palps well developed (latter two structures differentiated). External, protrusible nuchal organs (caruncle or nuchal fold) present. Strongly muscularized ventral pharynx with well-developed proboscis (calcification may be present), terminal papillae, stylet jaws, ventral mouth cover. Dorsal and ventral cirri on each segment (ventral cirri absent on 2nd segment in some taxa). Camerate simple paleal notochaetae and camerated shafts of compound neurochaetae; simple spines may be present in notopodia and neuropodia. Body with segmental ciliation, lateral organs; complex nervous system and complex body wall musculature present. Pygidium quadrate or conical with two anal cirri.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AF29F87031366FF0BFBFAFD22FDD2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="2870" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFFA11487031369FF0BFBFAFEFDFB9C" blockId="7.[160,1156,1077,1727]" box="[160,262,1077,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">
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<emphasis id="B9347D0687031369FF0BFBFAFEFDFB9C" bold="true" box="[160,262,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFA11487031369FF0BFB95FDCEFAB6" blockId="7.[160,1156,1077,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FF0BFB95FED0FBA1" author="Ehlers E" box="[160,299,1114,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" refId="ref24577" refString="Ehlers E. 1864. Die Borstenwurmer (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach systematischen und anatomischen Untersuchungen dargestellt [The bristle worms (Annelida Chaetopoda) displayed according to systematic and anatomical research]. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. German." type="book" year="1864">Ehlers (1864</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 80) offered brief diagnoses of the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FC9AFB95FC1DFBA1" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[817,998,1114,1138]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Chrysopetalidae</taxonomicName>
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and the
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<typeStatus id="54FB1FB687031369FBFAFB95FB78FBA1" box="[1105,1155,1114,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">type</typeStatus>
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genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FF46FBB2FE6BFB46" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[237,400,1149,1173]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Chrysopetalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9347D0687031369FF46FBB2FE6BFB46" box="[237,400,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">Chrysopetalum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Compilation and translation comprises: ‘prostomium with eyes, 3 antennae and 2 palps; segment 1 with 4 tentacular cirri; each dorsal segment with cirri and paleae’. The diagnosis in the present paper constitutes the first full diagnosis of the subfamily,
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FEB0FB2AFE29FB2E" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[283,466,1253,1277]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysopetalinae">Chrysopetalinae</taxonomicName>
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, and is based in part on descriptions of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FC65FB2AFB78FB2E" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[974,1155,1253,1277]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Chrysopetalidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FF0DFAC8FE50FACC" author="Watson Russell C" box="[166,427,1287,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" pagination="121 - 125" refId="ref27886" refString="Watson Russell C. 2000 b. Family Chrysopetalidae. In: Beasley PL, Ross GB, Glasby CJ, editors. Polychaetes and allies: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 4 A. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing; p. 121 - 125." type="book chapter" year="2000">Watson Russell 2000b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FE15FAC8FD2AFACC" author="Rouse GW & Pleijel F" box="[446,721,1287,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" refId="ref26746" refString="Rouse GW, Pleijel F. 2001. Polychaetes. London: Oxford University Press." type="book" year="2001">Rouse and Pleijel 2001</bibRefCitation>
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) and on
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FCE0FAC8FBBFFACC" author="Aguado MT & Nygren A & Rouse GW" box="[843,1092,1287,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" pagination="610 - 628" refId="ref23259" refString="Aguado MT, Nygren A, Rouse GW. 2013. Two apparently unrelated groups of symbiotic annelids, Nautiliniellidae and Calamyzidae (Phyllodocida, Annelida) are a clade of derived chrysopetalid polychaetes. Cladistics. 29: 610 - 628." type="journal article" year="2013">Aguado et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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who nominated, but did not formally describe, the subfamilial rank of
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FC0EFAE5FBA1FA91" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[933,1114,1322,1346]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysopetalinae">Chrysopetalinae</taxonomicName>
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for the paleate clade within the family.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFA11487031369FF6BFAA0FEB2F96C" blockId="7.[160,1156,1077,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FF6BFAA0FE8CFA54" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[192,375,1391,1415]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysopetalinae">Chrysopetalinae</taxonomicName>
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taxa comprise marine, free-living, gonochoristic species living predominantly in hard substrates from deep-sea hydrothermal vents to shallow coral reefs. Larval studies indicate planktonic, lecithotrophic larvae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FC4FFA7AFB86FA1E" author="Cazaux C" box="[996,1149,1461,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" pagination="477 - 543" refId="ref23829" refString="Cazaux C. 1968. Etude morphologique du development larvaire d' Annelides Polychetes (Bassin d' Arcachon) 1. Aphroditidae, Chrysopetalidae [Morphological study of the larval development of Annelida Polychaeta (Arcachon Bay)]. Arch Zool Exp Gen. 109: 477 - 543. French." type="journal article" year="1968">Cazaux 1968</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FF0BFA18FEDBFA3C" author="Blake JA" box="[160,288,1495,1519]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" pagination="23 - 84" refId="ref23543" refString="Blake JA. 1975. The larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California Coast. III Eighteen species of Errantia. Ophelia. 14: 23 - 84." type="journal article" year="1975">Blake 1975</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FE99FA18FDE9FA3C" author="Watson C & Chivers A & Narayanaswamy BE & Lamont PA & Turnewitsch R" box="[306,530,1495,1519]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" pagination="311 - 325" refId="ref27641" refString="Watson C, Chivers A, Narayanaswamy BE, Lamont PA, Turnewitsch R. 2014. Chrysopetalidae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from the Senghor Seamount, north-east Atlantic: taxa with deep-sea affinities and morphological adaptations. Mem Vict Mus. 71: 311 - 325." type="journal article" year="2014">Watson et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). Notochaetal paleae enable protection and camouflage: they are non-pigmented and can appear transparent but also reflect all shades of silver/gold/bronze, according to species, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FD57F9D2FC90F9E6" authorityName="Watson Russell" authorityYear="1998" box="[764,875,1565,1589]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Arichlidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9347D0687031369FD57F9D2FC90F9E6" box="[764,875,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">Arichlidon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137BBD9187031369FC2FF9D2FC03F9E6" box="[900,1016,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1111,1134]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-175@3.[163,1153,142,1080]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Live photos: (a) Chrysopetalinae. Arichlidon gathofi Watson Russell, 2000a (~5 mm L); (b) Dysponetinae. Dysponetus pygmaeus (~3 mm L); (c–e) Calamyzinae: (c) free-living Micospina aureobohnorum Watson et al., 2016 (~4mm L); (d) ectoparasite Calamyzas amphictenicola (~ 2 mm L); (e) symbiont Shinkai longipedata (~ 250 mm L). Copyright: a, c, e: © Greg Rouse; b: © Monika Kedra/ Slawomira Gromisz; d: © Fredrik Pleijel. All photos reproduced with permission by the copyright holders." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184121/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">Figure 1a</figureCitation>
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). Camerate notochaetal paleae and neurochaetal shafts confer lightness and strength and are present in larvae and adults (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FE5BF9ADFC6AF9A9" author="Westheide W & Watson Russell C" box="[496,913,1634,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" pagination="197 - 202" refId="ref28062" refString="Westheide W, Watson Russell C. 1992. Ultrastructure of chrysopetalid paleal chaetae (Annelida, Polychaeta). Acta Zool. 73: 197 - 202." type="journal article" year="1992">Westheide and Watson Russell 1992</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FC0BF9ADFB8EF9A9" author="Watson C & Chivers A & Narayanaswamy BE & Lamont PA & Turnewitsch R" box="[928,1141,1634,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" pagination="311 - 325" refId="ref27641" refString="Watson C, Chivers A, Narayanaswamy BE, Lamont PA, Turnewitsch R. 2014. Chrysopetalidae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from the Senghor Seamount, north-east Atlantic: taxa with deep-sea affinities and morphological adaptations. Mem Vict Mus. 71: 311 - 325." type="journal article" year="2014">Watson et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). Epitokous swimming chaetae have been described for
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA9787031369FCEDF94AFBECF94E" box="[838,1047,1669,1693]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Arichlidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9347D0687031369FCEDF94AFC4DF94E" box="[838,950,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869">Arichlidon</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE587031369FB87F94AFEC7F96C" author="Watson Russell C" pageId="7" pageNumber="2869" pagination="465 - 477" refId="ref27842" refString="Watson Russell C. 2000 a. Description of a new species of Arichlidon (Chrysopetalidae: Polychaeta) from the West Atlantic and comparison with the East Atlantic species Arichlidon reyssi. Bull of Mar Sci. 67: 465 - 477." type="journal article" year="2000">Watson Russell 2000a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFA114870C1366FF6BFF41FD22FDD2" blockId="8.[160,1156,142,513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870">
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Sensory structures include a single median antenna, two lateral antennae, welldeveloped eyes and palps, external nuchal structures and lateral organs. Retractile structures are evident in certain taxa: anterior segments in conjunction with the nuchal fold (e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97870C1366FEBCFF39FE6AFEDD" authorityName="Watson Russell" authorityYear="1986" box="[279,401,246,270]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleaequor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06870C1366FEBCFF39FE6AFEDD" box="[279,401,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870">Paleaequor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5870C1366FE0EFF39FD62FEDD" author="Watson Russell C" box="[421,665,246,270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" pagination="153 - 174" refId="ref27690" refString="Watson Russell C. 1986. Paleaequor, a new genus of polychaete worm (Chrysopetalidae). Rec Aust Mus. 38: 153 - 174." type="journal article" year="1986">Watson Russell 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); retractile styles of the dorsal cirri (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97870C1366FF0BFED6FEF6FEE2" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[160,269,281,305]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Bhawania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06870C1366FF0BFED6FEF6FEE2" box="[160,269,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870">Bhawania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5870C1366FE88FED6FDD1FEE2" author="Watson Russell C" box="[291,554,281,305]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" pagination="121 - 125" refId="ref27886" refString="Watson Russell C. 2000 b. Family Chrysopetalidae. In: Beasley PL, Ross GB, Glasby CJ, editors. Polychaetes and allies: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 4 A. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing; p. 121 - 125." type="book chapter" year="2000">Watson Russell 2000b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); retractile distal tips of palps (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97870C1366FC5AFED6FB85FEE2" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="2001" box="[1009,1150,281,305]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Thrausmatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06870C1366FC5AFED6FB85FEE2" box="[1009,1150,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870">Thrausmatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5870C1366FF0BFEF3FECDFE87" author="Watson C" box="[160,310,316,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref27420" refString="Watson C. 2001. New genus and species of Chrysopetalidae (Polychaeta) from hydrothermal vents (south-western Pacific). Beagle, Rec Mus Art Gall N Terr. 17: 57 - 66." type="journal article" year="2001">Watson 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or pits at distal tips of palps (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97870C1366FD7DFEF3FC82FE87" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[726,889,316,340]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Chrysopetalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06870C1366FD7DFEF3FC82FE87" box="[726,889,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870">Chrysopetalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5870C1366FC21FEF3FBE4FE87" author="Watson C" box="[906,1055,316,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref27420" refString="Watson C. 2001. New genus and species of Chrysopetalidae (Polychaeta) from hydrothermal vents (south-western Pacific). Beagle, Rec Mus Art Gall N Terr. 17: 57 - 66." type="journal article" year="2001">Watson 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Watson and Chatzigeorgiou, Forthcoming, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C40DA97870C1366FDC1FE91FD08FEA5" box="[618,755,350,374]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopale" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9347D06870C1366FDC1FE91FD08FEA5" box="[618,755,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870">Acanthopale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; CW pers. obs.). Pharyngeal structures include a mouth flap, terminal proboscidial papillae and diverse-shaped buccal organs and stylets (see individual taxon treatments below;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C294AF870C1366FC95FE6BFC67FE6F" box="[830,924,420,444]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[133,189,703,726]" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of pharyngeal and jaw characters." pageId="8" pageNumber="2870">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C294AF870C1366FC7DFE6BFC1FFE6F" box="[982,996,420,444]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[133,189,583,606]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of morphological characters." pageId="8" pageNumber="2870">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Musculature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5870C1366FF0DFE09FED6FE0D" author="Storch V" box="[166,301,454,478]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" pagination="251 - 342" refId="ref26998" refString="Storch V. 1968. Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der segmentalen Muskelsysteme und zur Verwandtschaft der Polychaeten-Familien [On the comparative anatomy of the segmental muscle systems and on the relationships of polychaete families]. Z Morphol Tiere. 63: 251 - 342. German." type="journal article" year="1968">Storch 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ultrastructure of the body wall (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD1DCE5870C1366FD08FE09FC92FE0D" author="Tzetlin A & Dahlgren T & Purschke G" box="[675,873,454,478]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2870" pagination="37 - 55" refId="ref27163" refString="Tzetlin A, Dahlgren T, Purschke G. 2002. Ultrastructure of the body wall, body cavity, nephridia and spermatozoa in four species of the Chrysopetalidae (Annelida, ' Polychaeta'). Zool Anz. 241: 37 - 55." type="journal article" year="2002">Tzetlin et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the nervous system (Beckers, pers. comm.) are described as ‘complex’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |