676 lines
58 KiB
XML
676 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="711e535f-366e-4764-9420-fb037cdc5e6a" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163752077" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788426" ID-ZooBank="7E58A32B-DF8A-4795-B0D6-C37CB3B89A0E" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B865570-1FD7-4FB6-BF86-81B5DEDA2289" approvalRequired="23" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="23" checkinTime="1587993533906" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reimer, James & Fujii, Takuma" docDate="2010" docId="03E1B34000210408B9E9FD58FE7148DE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2185.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 42 (42)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3bb47d36" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Terrazoanthus sinnigeri Reimer & Fujii 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2B865570-1FD7-4FB6-BF86-81B5DEDA2289" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFD8CB3800370414B965FF81FFEF4D1A" masterDocTitle="Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Galapagos Islands" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1643557022848" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Galapagos Islands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reimer, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fujii, Takuma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa ,, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-04-01</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>42</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>42</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>36</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.42.378</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">711e535f-366e-4764-9420-fb037cdc5e6a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576650</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7E58A32B-DF8A-4795-B0D6-C37CB3B89A0E</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788426" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163752077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788426" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B865570-1FD7-4FB6-BF86-81B5DEDA2289" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1B34000210408B9E9FD58FE7148DE" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="22.[140,974,729,827]" box="[140,502,729,756]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<heading box="[140,502,729,756]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,502,729,756]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,430,729,756]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName authority="Reimer & Fujii, 2010" authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[140,425,729,756]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[140,312,729,756]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">Terrazoanthus</emphasis>
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sinnigeri
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[437,502,730,756]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,974,729,827]" box="[140,974,765,792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<uri box="[140,974,765,792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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||
<uuid box="[423,974,765,792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2B865570-1FD7-4FB6-BF86-81B5DEDA2289</uuid>
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||
</uri>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[140,496,800,827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,974,729,827]" box="[140,496,800,827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<figureCitation box="[140,245,800,826]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="21.[140,212,975,997]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,955]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[137,1111,162,956]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 4. Terrazonthus sinnigeri sp. n. in situ in the Galapagos. a specimen MISE 442, depth 25 m, Don Ferdi, Bainbridge Rocks, Santiago I., by Angel Chiriboga, on March 9, 2007 b specimen MISE 445, Gardner, Floreana I., depth 15 m, by Mariana Vera, on March 10, 2007 c specimen MISE 438, Glynn’s Reef, Darwin I., depth 10 m, by JDR, March 7, 2007. All scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769464/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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, 5, 6, 9, Tables 1, 2, 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,871,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,275,871,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis box="[140,270,871,897]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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This species is named for Dr. Frederic Sinniger, who has greatly helped spur the recent phylogenetic reexamination of zoanthid taxonomy. Noun in the genitive case.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,871,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,417,976,1002]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis box="[185,286,976,1002]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">Material</emphasis>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[422,555,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus box="[422,471,977,1002]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry box="[570,666,976,1002]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[678,798,976,1002]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
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: Marchena I., Roca Espejo,
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<geoCoordinate box="[140,252,1011,1038]" degrees="0.3125" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="0.3125">0.3125°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[260,393,1012,1038]" degrees="90.4012" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-90.4012">90.4012°W</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,871,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608956544" collectingDate="2007-03-03" collectionCode="JDR, FL, BR" collectorName="Marchena I." country="Ecuador" location="Galapagos" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Galapagos" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis box="[185,280,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus box="[185,280,1047,1073]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: MHNG-INVE-67498. Colony divided into three pieces, on rocks of approximately 2.5 × 2.5 cm, 2.5 × 1.0 cm, and 2.0 × 1.5 cm, with heights of approximately 1.0 cm. Total of approximately 40 polyps connected by stolons. Polyps approximately 1.5–2.0 mm in diameter, and approximately 1.0–2.0 mm in height from coenenchyme. Polyps and coenenchyme encrusted with relatively large pieces of sand clearly visible to the naked eye, tissue of polyps and coenenchyme light brown/ grey in color. In situ, colony was on bottom of rock. Collected from Roca Espejo,
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<collectorName box="[140,280,1293,1320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Marchena I.</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[294,413,1293,1319]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[425,521,1293,1319]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, at 9.1 m, collected by
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<collectionCode box="[787,842,1294,1320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">JDR</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[854,889,1294,1320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FL</collectionCode>
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, and
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<collectionCode box="[951,991,1294,1320]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BR</collectionCode>
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,
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<date pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2007-03-03">
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<collectingDate pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2007-03-03">March 3, 2007</collectingDate>
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</date>
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. Preserved in 99.5% ethanol.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,871,1672]" box="[185,641,1363,1390]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis box="[185,285,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus box="[185,285,1364,1389]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(all from
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<collectingRegion box="[398,517,1363,1389]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[529,629,1363,1390]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,871,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus box="[185,282,1399,1425]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paratype</typeStatus>
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1. Specimen number
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<collectionCode box="[531,674,1399,1425]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CMNH-ZG</collectionCode>
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05886. Glynn’s Reef, Darwin I., at
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
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, collected by
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<collectionCode box="[319,351,1434,1460]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FL</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode box="[408,449,1434,1460]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
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,
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<date box="[461,634,1434,1460]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2007-03-07">March 7, 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,871,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus box="[185,282,1470,1496]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paratype</typeStatus>
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2. Specimen number
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<collectionCode box="[528,614,1469,1495]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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1134067. Glynn’s Reef, Darwin I., at
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<quantity box="[1041,1103,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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, collected by
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<collectionCode box="[281,336,1505,1531]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">JDR</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[348,383,1505,1531]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FL</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[394,441,1504,1530]" name="Switzerland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CH</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date box="[453,627,1504,1531]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2007-03-07">March 7, 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,871,1672]" box="[185,719,1539,1566]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,363,1539,1565]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis box="[185,257,1539,1565]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">Other</emphasis>
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material
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</emphasis>
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(all from
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<collectingRegion box="[476,595,1539,1565]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[607,707,1539,1566]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[140,1108,871,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608956515" collectingDate="2007-03-13" collectionCode="JDR, AC" collectorName="Gardner & Floreana I." elevation="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="MISE 464" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[185,311,1575,1601]" collectionCode="MISE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MISE 464</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectorName box="[327,423,1575,1601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Gardner</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName box="[438,564,1575,1601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Floreana I.</collectorName>
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,
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<quantity box="[582,648,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="27.0">
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||
<elevation box="[582,648,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, collected by
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<collectionCode box="[812,864,1575,1601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">JDR</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode box="[928,969,1575,1601]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
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||
,
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<date pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2007-03-13">
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<collectingDate pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2007-03-13">March 13, 2007</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608956539" collectingDate="2007-03-13" collectionCode="JDR, AC" collectorName="Devil's Crown & Floreana I." elevation="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="MISE 471" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[214,337,1610,1636]" collectionCode="MISE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MISE 471</specimenCode>
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||
,
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<collectorName box="[350,514,1610,1636]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Devil’s Crown</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[527,650,1610,1636]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Floreana I.</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<quantity box="[665,713,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="7.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[665,713,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectionCode box="[869,921,1610,1636]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">JDR</collectionCode>
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and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[979,1020,1610,1636]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
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||
,
|
||
<date pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2007-03-13">
|
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<collectingDate pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2007-03-13">March 13, 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608956517" box="[262,1103,1645,1672]" collectionCode="JDR, FL" collectorName="Punta Espejo & Marchena I." country="Switzerland" elevation="7" location="CH" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="MISE 418" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[262,387,1645,1671]" collectionCode="MISE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MISE 418</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[401,555,1645,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Punta Espejo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[569,711,1645,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Marchena I.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[727,777,1646,1672]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="7.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[727,777,1646,1672]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectionCode box="[938,993,1646,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">JDR</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1007,1042,1646,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FL</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1056,1103,1645,1671]" name="Switzerland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[140,1109,1452,1676]" box="[274,463,1452,1471]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[274,463,1452,1471]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.0ļ substitutions/site</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[140,1109,1452,1676]" box="[140,1107,1494,1517]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,238,1494,1516]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
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Maximum likelihood (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[454,491,1495,1517]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
) trees of
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[576,589,1494,1516]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">a</emphasis>
|
||
mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[978,992,1494,1516]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">b</emphasis>
|
||
cytochrome
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[140,1109,1452,1676]" box="[140,1107,1526,1549]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
oxidase subunit I (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[310,355,1527,1549]" country="Portugal" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">COI</collectionCode>
|
||
) sequences for zoanthid specimens. Values at branches represent
|
||
<collectionCode box="[952,987,1527,1548]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
probabilities
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[140,1109,1452,1676]" box="[140,1109,1558,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(>50%). Monophylies with more than 95% Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown by thick branches.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[140,1109,1452,1676]" box="[140,1107,1590,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sequences for new species in this study in larger font; sequences newly obtained in this study and new</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[140,1109,1452,1676]" box="[140,1108,1622,1644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">taxa described in this study in bold. Sequences/species names from previous studies in regular font. For</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[140,1109,1452,1676]" box="[140,456,1654,1676]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">specimen information see Table 1.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[312,501,1452,1471]" box="[312,501,1452,1471]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,501,1452,1471]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">0.0ļ substitutions/site</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[140,1107,1284,1437]" box="[454,653,1284,1303]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[454,653,1284,1303]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.002 substitutions/site</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[140,1107,1284,1437]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,237,1319,1341]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[450,487,1320,1342]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
) tree of internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA) for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[176,301,1352,1373]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[176,301,1352,1373]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Terrazoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen sequences. Values at branches represent
|
||
<collectionCode box="[788,823,1352,1373]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
probabilities (>50%). Monophylies with more than 95% Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown by thick branches. For specimen information see Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[140,1108,1504,1672]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<date box="[140,310,1504,1530]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2007-03-03">March 3, 2007</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608956553" collectingDate="2002-05-13" collectionCode="MISE" collectorName="Entrance & Genovesa I." country="Switzerland" elevation="9" location="CH" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="MISE 02-09" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[320,465,1504,1530]" collectionCode="MISE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MISE 02-09</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[475,580,1505,1531]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Entrance</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[590,722,1504,1531]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Genovesa I.</collectorName>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity box="[761,808,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="9.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[761,808,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[957,1004,1504,1530]" name="Switzerland" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2002-05-13">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2002-05-13">May 13, 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608956521" collectingDate="2003-11-12" collectionCode="MISE" collectorName="Punta Espego & Marchena I." country="Switzerland" elevation="7" location="CH" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="MISE 03-560" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[215,377,1539,1566]" collectionCode="MISE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MISE 03-560</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[391,551,1540,1566]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Punta Espego</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[564,705,1539,1566]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Marchena I.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[720,770,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="7.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[720,770,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[928,975,1540,1566]" name="Switzerland" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2003-11-12">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2003-11-12">November 12, 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608956563" collectingDate="2007-03-07" collectionCode="AC, FL" collectorName="Darwin I." country="Switzerland" elevation="13" location="Glynn's Reef" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="MISE 434" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[257,380,1575,1601]" collectionCode="MISE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MISE 434</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E1B34000210408B9E9FD58FE7148DE:8E97548D002E040DB8EDF9A6FDF64B5B" box="[392,537,1575,1601]" country="Switzerland" name="Glynn's Reef" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Glynn’s Reef</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[548,661,1575,1601]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Darwin I.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[675,737,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="13.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[675,737,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectionCode box="[891,929,1575,1601]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[986,1021,1575,1601]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FL</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2007-03-07">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2007-03-07">March 7, 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608956555" collectingDate="2007-03-09" collectionCode="AC" collectorName="Bainbridge Rocks" country="Switzerland" elevation="25" location="Don Ferdi" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="MISE 442" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[244,367,1610,1636]" collectionCode="MISE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MISE 442</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E1B34000210408B9E9FD58FE7148DE:8E97548D002E040DB819F9CBFE1A4B7E" box="[380,501,1610,1636]" country="Switzerland" name="Don Ferdi" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Don Ferdi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[514,717,1610,1636]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bainbridge Rocks</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[730,793,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="25.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[730,793,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectionCode box="[949,990,1610,1636]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2007-03-09">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2007-03-09">March 9, 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608956569" box="[213,1026,1645,1672]" collectingDate="2007-03-10" collectionCode="MV" country="Switzerland" elevation="15" location="North Seymour" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="MISE 445" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[213,336,1645,1672]" collectionCode="MISE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MISE 445</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E1B34000210408B9E9FD58FE7148DE:8E97548D002E040DB83EF9ECFDE14B9D" box="[347,526,1645,1671]" country="Switzerland" name="North Seymour" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">North Seymour</location>
|
||
I.,
|
||
<quantity box="[565,628,1645,1672]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[565,628,1645,1672]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectionCode box="[781,827,1646,1672]" country="0" name="University of Montana Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[838,1026,1645,1671]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2007-03-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[838,1026,1645,1671]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2007-03-10">March 10, 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769466/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[140,212,691,713]" targetBox="[140,1108,165,671]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[140,1108,691,809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,285,691,713]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 7. a–b</emphasis>
|
||
Cross sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Reimer & Fujii, 2010" authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[455,714,691,712]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hickmani" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[455,714,691,712]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Antipathozoanthus hickmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[720,773,692,713]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, MISE specimen 04-345 (details in Table 1) at the actinopharynx region showing preserved histological features. Abbreviations: cm=complete mesentery,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[245,269,755,777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">ds</emphasis>
|
||
=dissolved sand “holes”,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[501,526,755,777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">ec</emphasis>
|
||
=ectoderm,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[639,666,755,777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">en</emphasis>
|
||
=endoderm,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,799,755,777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">g</emphasis>
|
||
=gonads,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[889,918,755,777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">im</emphasis>
|
||
=incomplete mesentery,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[186,209,787,809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">m</emphasis>
|
||
=mesoglea,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[316,340,787,809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">tn</emphasis>
|
||
=tentacles. Scales = a) 100 µm; b) 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[140,1108,870,1671]" box="[185,456,870,897]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,315,870,896]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,309,870,896]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">Sequences</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
See Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[140,1108,870,1671]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,335,905,931]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,330,905,931]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[342,386,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Size</emphasis>
|
||
: Polyps are approximately
|
||
<quantity box="[687,784,906,932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.0">2–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter when open, and rarely more than
|
||
<quantity box="[338,421,941,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height. Colonies small, consisting of one polyp (unitary) to less than 50 polyps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[140,1108,870,1671]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,313,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[328,583,1011,1037]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[328,583,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Terrazoanthus sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dull brown, white, or clear oral disks and the outer surface of polyps is heavily encrusted with large particles, with polyps clear of the stolon. Stolons are also heavily encrusted, and approximately the width of polyp diameters.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[267,393,1118,1143]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[267,393,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 30 to 36 tentacles that are almost as long or sometimes longer as the diameter of the expanded oral disk (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[687,783,1152,1178]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="21.[140,212,975,997]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,955]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[137,1111,162,956]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 4. Terrazonthus sinnigeri sp. n. in situ in the Galapagos. a specimen MISE 442, depth 25 m, Don Ferdi, Bainbridge Rocks, Santiago I., by Angel Chiriboga, on March 9, 2007 b specimen MISE 445, Gardner, Floreana I., depth 15 m, by Mariana Vera, on March 10, 2007 c specimen MISE 438, Glynn’s Reef, Darwin I., depth 10 m, by JDR, March 7, 2007. All scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769464/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles often much more transparent than oral disks (when colored).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[140,1108,870,1671]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,264,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cnidae</emphasis>
|
||
: Basitrichs and microbasic p-mastigophores (often difficult to distinguish from each other), holotrichs (large, medium), spirocysts (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[785,873,1258,1284]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="15.[134,194,475,497]" captionText="Table 2. Nematocyst types and sizes of different areas of polyps of new zoanthid species in this study." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, Figure 9).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[140,1108,870,1671]" lastBlockId="28.[140,1108,167,1354]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,457,1293,1319]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,324,1293,1319]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">Differential</emphasis>
|
||
diagnosis.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[558,677,1293,1319]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[695,955,1293,1319]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[695,955,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Terrazoanthus sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[140,380,1328,1354]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="darwini">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,380,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Parazoanthus darwini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[436,749,1328,1354]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hickmani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[436,749,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Antipathozoanthus hickmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by substrate preference (rock as opposed to sponges and anthipatharians, respectively), as well as from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Reimer & Fujii, 2010" authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Terrazoanthus onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[196,259,1399,1425]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(above) by both color (brown, white or transparent as opposed to bright red) and microhabitat (under rocks and rubble as opposed to exposed rock surfaces). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[250,372,1470,1495]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[250,372,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller (oral disk diameter and polyp height) than congener
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[200,322,1505,1530]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[200,322,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies are stoloniferous and generally much smaller than colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[140,217,1540,1565]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,217,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[232,320,1539,1566]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="18.[140,200,166,188]" captionText="Table 3. Differences between four new species of zoanthids from the Galapagos." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[342,596,1539,1565]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[342,596,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Terrazoanthus sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[995,1072,1540,1565]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[995,1072,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of many
|
||
<typeStatus box="[388,446,1575,1601]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of nematocysts in the pharynx, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[889,967,1575,1600]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,967,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which only commonly possesses basitrichs and microbasic p-mastigophores with rare mediumsized holotrichs in the pharynx (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[505,594,1645,1671]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="15.[134,194,475,497]" captionText="Table 2. Nematocyst types and sizes of different areas of polyps of new zoanthid species in this study." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[616,869,1645,1671]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[616,869,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Terrazoanthus sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has small holot- richs, while
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[279,357,167,192]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,357,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[479,568,167,193]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="15.[134,194,475,497]" captionText="Table 2. Nematocyst types and sizes of different areas of polyps of new zoanthid species in this study." pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Encrustations on the scapus of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[950,1066,167,192]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinngeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[950,1066,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. sinngeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally much larger than on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[486,563,203,228]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[486,563,203,228]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation box="[684,787,202,228]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="20.[140,212,666,688]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,646]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[137,1108,162,648]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 3. Terrazoanthus onoi sp. n. in situ in the Galapagos. a and c paratype USNM 1134066, at Whale Rock, San Cristobel I., depth 21 m, by JDR, March 12, 2007 b paratype CMNH-ZG 05885, Glynn’s Reef, Darwin I., depth 13 m, by Fred Liss, March 8, 2007. All scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769462/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[844,861,202,228]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="21.[140,212,975,997]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,955]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[137,1111,162,956]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 4. Terrazonthus sinnigeri sp. n. in situ in the Galapagos. a specimen MISE 442, depth 25 m, Don Ferdi, Bainbridge Rocks, Santiago I., by Angel Chiriboga, on March 9, 2007 b specimen MISE 445, Gardner, Floreana I., depth 15 m, by Mariana Vera, on March 10, 2007 c specimen MISE 438, Glynn’s Reef, Darwin I., depth 10 m, by JDR, March 7, 2007. All scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769464/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769468/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[140,212,1462,1484]" targetBox="[140,1108,165,1419]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[140,1108,1462,1676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,237,1462,1484]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Cross-sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Reimer & Fujii, 2010" authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[401,569,1462,1484]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,569,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Terrazoanthus onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[574,624,1463,1484]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, MISE specimen 03-539 (details in Table 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1031,1044,1462,1484]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">a</emphasis>
|
||
Crosssection at the actinopharynx region demonstrating some major features of zoanthids. Note fifth mesentery is complete and therefore specimen is in the suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haddon & Shackleton" authorityYear="1891" box="[647,786,1526,1548]" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Macrocnemina">Macrocnemina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[793,807,1526,1548]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">b</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,853,1526,1548]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">e</emphasis>
|
||
various cross sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the actinopharynx region showing preserved histological features. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[943,956,1558,1580]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">a</emphasis>
|
||
=actinopharynx,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,175,1590,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">cm</emphasis>
|
||
=complete mesentery,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[381,409,1590,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">dd</emphasis>
|
||
=dorsal directives,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[580,604,1590,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ds</emphasis>
|
||
=dissolved sand “holes”,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,857,1590,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ec</emphasis>
|
||
=ectoderm,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[968,995,1590,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">en</emphasis>
|
||
=endoderm,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,169,1622,1644]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">im</emphasis>
|
||
=incomplete mesentery,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[408,431,1622,1644]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">m</emphasis>
|
||
=mesoglea,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[545,644,1622,1644]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">numbers</emphasis>
|
||
=mesentery numbers from the dorsal directive,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,173,1654,1676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">sm</emphasis>
|
||
=sphincter muscle,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[353,366,1654,1676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">5</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[366,380,1653,1666]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[366,380,1653,1666]" fontSize="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">th</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=fifth mesentery. Scales = a) 500 µm, b) and e) 100 µm, c) and d) 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[140,1108,167,1354]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[185,441,237,263]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,441,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Terrazoanthus sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is phylogenetically very closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[928,1006,238,263]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[928,1006,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but has different and unique ITS-rDNA (see
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[562,639,273,298]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[562,639,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
description; Figure 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[140,1108,167,1354]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Similar to
|
||
<emphasis box="[304,559,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[304,555,307,333]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">Terrazoanthus sinnigeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
there have been reports of other small zoanthids inhabiting cryptic habitats under coral rubble and rock from the Galápagos,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[998,1107,343,369]" name="Singapore" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[190,252,378,404]" name="Japan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(J.D. Reimer, T. Fujii, personal observation), but these zoanthids are clearly different in DNA sequence from all known
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2009" box="[634,826,413,439]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Hydrozoanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Delage & Herouard" authorityYear="1901" box="[884,1053,413,439]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Parazoanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and will be described elsewhere. Morphologically, these undescribed zoanthids look very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[209,326,484,509]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[209,326,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are often unitary (not colonial), are encrusted with very large pieces of sand, have very little coloring (usually lacking any color asides from around the oral opening) and have fewer tentacles (<26, usually 20–22; data not shown) than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[982,1100,555,580]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[982,1100,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[140,1108,167,1354]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,490,589,615]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,277,589,615]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
and distribution.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens located at depths of 7 to over 27 meters at Floreana, Marchena, Darwin, North Seymour Islands, and Bainbridge Rocks, with other potential specimens observed at other islands. It is likely that this species is widely distributed throughout the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[481,600,695,721]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and its distribution may extend into deeper waters as it was often found at the lowest depth searched during collection dives. Generally found on the underside of rocks, rubble, or dead shells, often in small cracks or crevices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[140,1108,167,1354]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,565,835,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,278,835,861]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
and associated species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Found under rocks and rubble,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Terrazoanthus sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often found nearby bryozoans and coralline algae, but appears to not be epizoic on any particular organism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[140,1108,167,1354]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,261,941,967]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,256,941,967]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reimer JD & Sinniger F & Hickman CP Jr" box="[304,552,941,968]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="641 - 654" refId="ref15343" refString="Reimer JD, Sinniger F, Hickman CP Jr (2008 b) Zoanthid diversity (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) in the Galapagos Islands: a molecular examination. Coral Reefs 27: 641 - 654." type="journal article" year="2008">Reimer et al. (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
it was originally thought that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Terrazoanthus sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(specimens 02-09, 03-560) was a different, white morphotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[954,1031,977,1002]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[954,1031,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. onoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mentioned in the paper and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hickman CP Jr" box="[417,610,1011,1038]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref14758" refString="Hickman CP Jr (2008) A field guide to corals and other radiates of Galapagos. Sugar Spring Press, Lexington, 162 pp." type="book" year="2008">Hickman (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haddon & Shackleton" authorityYear="1891" box="[647,793,1011,1037]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[647,793,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Parazoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. G3) based on COI and mt 16S rDNA sequence data, but given the species’ divergent morphologies, cnidae, and ecologies, as well as different ITS-rDNA sequences, we describe them as closely related but distinct species. It is likely that these two sibling species have recently diverged from one another.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[140,1108,167,1354]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Although speculative, it may be that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[599,852,1187,1213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinnigeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[599,852,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Terrazoanthus sinnigeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s preferred habitat un- der rocks has resulted in its lack of bright pigmentation or occasional total lack of pigments compared to bright red
|
||
<emphasis box="[489,573,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" box="[489,569,1259,1284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Hydrozoanthidae" genus="Terrazoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="onoi">T. onoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which is found in areas more exposed to light, similar as to seen in subterranean invertebrates (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Leys R & Watts CHS & Cooper SJB & Humphreys WF" box="[730,912,1293,1320]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="2819 - 2834" refId="ref14909" refString="Leys R, Watts CHS, Cooper SJB, Humphreys WF (2003) Evolution of subterranean diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporini, Bidessini) in the arid zone of Australia. Evolution 57: 2819 - 2834." type="journal article" year="2003">Leys et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and this should be investigated in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[140,414,1449,1476]" box="[140,414,1449,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,414,1449,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Phylogenetic results</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |