177 lines
18 KiB
XML
177 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D8A8EB81AB054F3D6DCAE62A1C4F7B0F">Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81F0BE4A1C416E621730D81F104F941E">Frahnert, Sylke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75A18824BC8F5F94DD44ECC5F642CFBD">Turner, Donald A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A680DB067180418ADF30E18E11AF4460">Bracker, Cordula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A0D854E7BEA69FCF8F80B756051E759B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1350406FF7F3FE4CA62C7565B5CF1595">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="2A39436DD2B17041BEBA5252CE56A395" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0C018CB8F409A4710E4D7902D1BE86BA" type="Zenodo-Dep">8261358</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818761094" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8270009" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212447960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8270009" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818761094" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818761094" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818AF13FA" box="[151,946,1198,1225]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818AF13FA" blockId="29.[151,946,1198,1225]" box="[151,946,1198,1225]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D082921FE23FFFC6AFF1FB5818AF13FA" bold="true" box="[151,946,1198,1225]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB65025DE23FFFC6AFF1FB5818AF13FA" box="[151,946,1198,1225]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818AF13FA" bold="true" box="[151,946,1198,1225]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD40362E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818B613FA" author="Fischer, A. G. & Reichenow, A." box="[151,939,1198,1225]" page="55" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1884">
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818B613FA" authority="G. A. Fischer & Reichenow, 1884 a: 55" authorityName="G. A. Fischer & Reichenow" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,939,1198,1225]" class="Aves" family="Alaudidae" genus="Megalophonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="massaicus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AFF1FB581AD213FA" bold="true" box="[151,463,1198,1225]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalophonus massaicus</emphasis>
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G.A.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E23FFFC6AD7FFB5818B613FA" author="Fischer, A. G. & Reichenow, A." box="[537,939,1198,1225]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="52 - 58" refId="ref70727" refString="Fischer, A. G. & Reichenow, A. (1884 a) Neue Vogelarten aus dem Massailand (Inneres Ostafrika). Journal fur Ornithologie, 32 (1), 52 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02001804" type="journal article" year="1884">Fischer & Reichenow, 1884a: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E23FFFC6AFF1FB051F361238" box="[151,1067,1267,1292]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E23FFFC6AFF1FB051F361238" blockId="29.[151,1385,1267,1353]" box="[151,1067,1267,1292]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AFF1FB051BD51238" bold="true" box="[151,200,1267,1291]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Now</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E23FFFC6AFB0FB0519DD1238" authority="(Reichenow, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Reichenow" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[214,704,1267,1291]" class="Aves" family="Alaudidae" genus="Calendulauda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilosterna">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AFB0FB051AEB1238" box="[214,502,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Calendulauda poecilosterna</emphasis>
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(Reichenow, 1879)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="49B1EB91E23FFFC6ADAFFB0519F31238" box="[713,750,1267,1291]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">See</collectingRegion>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E23FFFC6AD92FB021F3B1238" author="Mayr, E. & Greenway J. C. Jr." box="[756,1062,1267,1292]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref72877" refString="Mayr, E. & Greenway J. C. Jr. (1960) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 9. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 506 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581" type="book" year="1960">Mayr & Greenway (1960: 21)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E23FFFC6AFF1FAE71F6B127A" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E23FFFC6AFF1FAE71E741219" blockId="29.[151,1385,1267,1353]" box="[151,1385,1297,1322]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1D2F2EE23FFFC6AFF1FAE71E781219" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4398931673" box="[151,1381,1297,1322]" collectingDate="1883-01-08" collectionCode="ZMB" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="ZMB 27560" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AFF1FAE71BF3121A" bold="true" box="[151,238,1297,1321]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<typeStatus id="54CE9BD1E23FFFC6AFF1FAE71BF3121A" box="[151,238,1297,1321]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DBD38D08E23FFFC6AF9AFAE41A651219" box="[252,376,1298,1322]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">ZMB 27560</specimenCode>
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(B 18627, Fischer no. 975), skin, former mount, female, collected at “Klein-Aruscha”,
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<date id="FFCB03B3E23FFFC6AB96FAE41E781219" box="[1264,1381,1298,1322]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1883-01-08">
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<collectingDate id="EF8FFA5BE23FFFC6AB96FAE41E781219" box="[1264,1381,1298,1322]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1883-01-08">01.08.1883</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E23FFFC6AFF1FAC61F6B127A" blockId="29.[151,1385,1267,1353]" box="[151,1142,1328,1353]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1D2F2EE23FFFC6AFF1FAC61F6F127A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4398931615" box="[151,1138,1328,1353]" collectionCode="ZMH" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="ZMH 6913" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AFF1FAC61BF3127B" bold="true" box="[151,238,1328,1352]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<typeStatus id="54CE9BD1E23FFFC6AFF1FAC61BF3127B" box="[151,238,1328,1352]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DBD38D08E23FFFC6AF9AFAC71A70127B" box="[252,365,1328,1352]" collectionCode="ZMH" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">ZMH 6913</specimenCode>
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(Fischer no. 696), skin, female, collected at “Ebene bei Pare”, 02.03.[18]83
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E23FFFC6AFF1FA871E9A1283" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E23FFFC6AFF1FA871E9A1283" blockId="29.[151,1437,1393,1960]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AFF1FA871A3212B8" bold="true" box="[151,303,1393,1419]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type locality</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AE5AFA871A5712B8" bold="true" box="[316,330,1393,1419]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">“</emphasis>
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Klein-Arusha” [
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<collectingRegion id="49B1EB91E23FFFC6AE9DFA87195212B8" box="[507,591,1393,1419]" country="Tanzania" name="Arusha" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Arusha</collectingRegion>
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Chini,
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<collectingRegion id="49B1EB91E23FFFC6ADF8FA87185412B8" box="[670,841,1393,1419]" country="Tanzania" name="Arusha" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Arusha Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36265E3E23FFFC6AC34FA8718A712B8" box="[850,954,1393,1419]" name="Tanzania" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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] and plains near the
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<location id="8EAA73A8E23FFFC6ABFDFA841E5712B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC9465E23FFFC6AFF1FB5818761094:8EAA73A8E23FFFC6ABFDFA841E5712B8" box="[1179,1354,1393,1420]" country="Tanzania" name="Pare Mountains" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Arusha">Pare Mountains</location>
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[plains near South Pare Mts,
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<collectingRegion id="49B1EB91E23FFFC6AEEFFA631976129C" box="[393,619,1429,1455]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Kilimanjaro Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36265E3E23FFFC6AD10FA6319FC129C" box="[630,737,1429,1455]" name="Tanzania" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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], from the original description and localities of the
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<typeStatus id="54CE9BD1E23FFFC6AA7BFA601E9E1283" box="[1309,1411,1430,1456]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E23FFFC6AFA1FA4F18761094" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E23FFFC6AFA1FA4F18491024" blockId="29.[151,1437,1393,1960]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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||
<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AFA1FA4F1A3212E0" bold="true" box="[199,303,1465,1491]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks</emphasis>
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||
: In the original description no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for more than
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<specimenCount id="9D73EEFAE23FFFC6AD0EFA2819E712C4" box="[616,762,1501,1528]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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||
(“etwa” interpreted as “approximately”) and the locality “Klein-Aruscha” were given. Fischer (1884) listed for this species
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<specimenCount id="9D73EEFAE23FFFC6ACA7F9F41F6D1128" box="[961,1136,1537,1564]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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(nos. 975 and 696). The measurements in the original description are identical with those of ZMH 6913 (except the total length), but Fischer (1884) further wrote that no. 975 has “Oberkopf ausgesprochen grau und zeigt eine Andeutung einer dunkleren Längsstrichelung” [top of the head very grey and a slight…], identical with “Oberkopf grauer” [top of the head very grey] in the original description. As “Klein-Aruscha” is situated on the plains to the west of the Pare Mountains, and as Fischer (1884) stated for both specimens “Ebene am Pare Gebirge” (plains near Pare Mountains), both are regarded as
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<typeStatus id="54CE9BD1E23FFFC6AE78F92C1A9911C7" box="[286,388,1754,1780]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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. ZMH 6913 was not mentioned as type for this species in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E23FFFC6AB6CF92F1FBC11C0" author="Bolau, H." box="[1034,1185,1753,1779]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="45 - 71" refId="ref68473" refString="Bolau, H. (1898) Die Typen der Vogelsammlung des naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 15, 45 - 71. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 33268 # page / 63 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1898">Bolau (1898)</bibRefCitation>
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, but was referred to as a
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<typeStatus id="54CE9BD1E23FFFC6AFCDF9081A16102B" box="[171,267,1790,1816]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E23FFFC6AE5CF90B19521024" box="[314,591,1789,1815]" class="Aves" family="Alaudidae" genus="Megalophonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="massaica">
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||
<emphasis id="B901F961E23FFFC6AE5CF90B19521024" box="[314,591,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megalophonus massaica</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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in the ZMH catalogue.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E23FFFC6AFA1F8D718761094" blockId="29.[151,1437,1393,1960]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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||
Fischer collected his first specimen (
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<date id="FFCB03B3E23FFFC6AD02F8D719FB1008" box="[612,742,1825,1851]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1883-02-03">02.03.1883</date>
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||
) close to the South Pare Mountains where he spent one week (1–7 March) at approximately
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4143B4E23FFFC6AE8EF8B31925106C" box="[488,568,1861,1887]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-3.7666667">3°46’S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4143B4E23FFFC6AD24F8B319BE106C" box="[578,675,1861,1887]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="37.616665">37°37’E</geoCoordinate>
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. He arrived at “Klein-Aruscha” on
|
||
<date id="FFCB03B3E23FFFC6AB43F8B31FBB106C" box="[1061,1190,1861,1887]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1883-03-14">14.03.1883</date>
|
||
. The second specimen (
|
||
<date id="FFCB03B3E23FFFC6AFF9F89F1A3C10B0" box="[159,289,1897,1923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1883-01-08">01.08.1883</date>
|
||
) was collected on his return journey on the plains to the south of “Klein-Aruscha”, which are to the west of the North Pare Mountains, at approximately
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4143B4E23FFFC6ADCCF87B19E71094" box="[682,762,1933,1959]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-3.6666667">3°40’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4143B4E23FFFC6AC60F87B187A1094" box="[774,871,1933,1959]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="37.5">37°30’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |