580 lines
48 KiB
XML
580 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133039" ID-GBIF-Dataset="10bab0f8-7f59-4df2-9c02-10414f33a1a4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114923987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133039" checkinTime="1437482933823" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Elizabeth Moore & Terrence Gosliner" docDate="2014" docId="03D88F665716D72886F1FA3664E6FB07" docLanguage="en" docName="Moore & Gosliner 2014.pdf" docOrigin="The Veliger 51 (4)" docTitle="Phyllodesmium undulatum Moore & Gosliner, 2014, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="245" masterDocId="FFE1F71E5713D7208550FFD06572FFA5" masterDocTitle="Additions to the Genus Phyllodesmium, with a Phylogenetic Analysis and its Implications to the Evolution of Symbiosis" masterLastPageNumber="251" masterPageNumber="237" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" updateTime="1645164953933" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Additions to the Genus Phyllodesmium, with a Phylogenetic Analysis and its Implications to the Evolution of Symbiosis</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Elizabeth Moore</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Terrence Gosliner</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Veliger</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>51</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:end>251</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.20947</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133039" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114923987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133039" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D88F665716D72886F1FA3664E6FB07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D88F665716D72886F1FA3664E6FB07" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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<subSubSection box="[929,1282,1510,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph box="[929,1282,1510,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis box="[929,1212,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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<taxonomicName box="[929,1212,1510,1532]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum" status="n. sp.">Phyllodesmium undulatum</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1221,1282,1510,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[907,1303,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="description">
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<paragraph box="[907,1303,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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(Figures
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<number box="[1006,1016,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="1.0">1</number>
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<collectionCode box="[1016,1038,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">B</collectionCode>
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||
;
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||
<number box="[1052,1066,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="2.0">2</number>
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<collectionCode box="[1066,1084,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">B</collectionCode>
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||
;
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||
<number box="[1097,1112,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="4.0">4</number>
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<collectionCode box="[1112,1131,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">C</collectionCode>
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,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1144,1168,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">D</collectionCode>
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||
;
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||
<number box="[1181,1194,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="5.0">5</number>
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||
<collectionCode box="[1194,1214,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">C</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode box="[1228,1251,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">D</collectionCode>
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||
;
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||
<number box="[1265,1276,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="8.0">8</number>
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<collectionCode box="[1276,1295,1555,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">B</collectionCode>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph box="[850,1361,1599,1621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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||
<heading box="[850,1361,1599,1621]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" reason="4">
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||
<emphasis box="[850,1012,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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||
<taxonomicName box="[850,1012,1599,1621]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Phyllodesmium</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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sp.
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<number box="[1060,1073,1599,1621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="4.0">4</number>
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Gosliner et al,
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<number box="[1248,1304,1599,1621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="2008.0">2008</number>
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:
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<number box="[1315,1357,1599,1621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="389.0">389</number>
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,
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph box="[1010,1202,1627,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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<heading box="[1010,1202,1627,1648]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" reason="1">top three photos.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph box="[833,1038,1705,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[833,1038,1705,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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<heading bold="true" box="[833,1038,1705,1726]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" reason="0">Material examined</heading>
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1226907511" collectingDate="2007-10-04" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="T. M. Gosliner" country="Iceland" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="243" location="Tioman" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" specimenCode="CASIZ 177171" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-male="14" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[833,929,1751,1771]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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<typeStatus box="[833,925,1751,1771]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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California Academy of Sciences,
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<specimenCode pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
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CASIZ
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<number box="[833,905,1778,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="177171.0">177171</number>
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</specimenCode>
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, not dissected,
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<specimenCount box="[1078,1135,1778,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="male">
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<quantity box="[1078,1135,1778,1797]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
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</specimenCount>
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depth, Waterfall Bay,
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<collectingCountry box="[255,312,1265,1284]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="Iceland">Pulau</collectingCountry>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D88F665716D72886F1FA3664E6FB07:8EAE68AB5715D7268418FB2164EBFAA1" box="[328,409,1265,1284]" country="Iceland" name="Tioman" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Tioman</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[428,521,1265,1284]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingDate box="[540,713,1265,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="2007-10-04">
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<date box="[540,713,1265,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="2007-10-04">
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<number box="[540,552,1265,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="4.0">4</number>
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October
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<number box="[664,713,1265,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="2007.0">2007</number>
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</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName pageId="6" pageNumber="243">T. M. Gosliner</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="243" targetBox="[255,1401,324,1143]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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Figure 5.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[356,371,1165,1182]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">A</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[418,438,1166,1182]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">B,</emphasis>
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Radular cusps and denticles of
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<emphasis box="[727,991,1165,1182]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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<taxonomicName box="[727,991,1165,1182]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthorhinum" status="n. sp.">Phyllodesmium acanthorhinum</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[998,1049,1166,1182]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(CASIZ 104702a and CASIZ 104702b, respectively; note the variation between specimens);
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[729,744,1188,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">C</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,816,1188,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">D,</emphasis>
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Radular cusps and denticles of
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<taxonomicName box="[1113,1342,1188,1205]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum" status="n. sp.">
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<emphasis box="[1113,1342,1188,1205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Phyllodesmium undulatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1350,1402,1189,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(CASIZ 105746 and CASIZ 115810, respectively; note wear on denticles in image
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[987,1003,1211,1228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">D</emphasis>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1226907510" collectingDate="1995-02-24" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="T. M. Gosliner" country="Iceland" elevation="9" location="Luzon" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" specimenCode="CASIZ 105746" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Batangas Province" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[255,359,1333,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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<typeStatus box="[255,355,1333,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[375,535,1333,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
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CASIZ
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<number box="[463,535,1333,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="105746.0">105746</number>
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</specimenCode>
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,
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<elevation box="[555,637,1333,1353]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="17.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="0.0">
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||
<quantity box="[555,637,1333,1353]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="17.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="0.0">0–17 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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depth, Sepok, Maricaban
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<collectingCountry box="[373,437,1359,1379]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="Iceland">Island</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[450,640,1359,1379]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Batangas Province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D88F665716D72886F1FA3664E6FB07:8EAE68AB5715D72687DDFA8067A2FAC6" box="[653,720,1360,1379]" country="Iceland" name="Luzon" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" stateProvince="Batangas Province">Luzon</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingDate box="[329,528,1386,1405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="1995-02-24">
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<date box="[329,528,1386,1405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="1995-02-24">
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<number box="[329,353,1386,1405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="24.0">24</number>
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February
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<number box="[480,528,1386,1405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="1995.0">1995</number>
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</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName box="[550,707,1386,1405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">T.M. Gosliner</collectorName>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1226907509" collectingDate="1995-06-25" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="R. F. Bolland" country="Japan" location="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" specimenCode="CASIZ 115810" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-male="12">
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<specimenCode pageId="6" pageNumber="243">CASIZ 115810</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[339,390,1412,1431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="male">12 m</specimenCount>
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depth, beneath Tengan pier
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<locationDeviation box="[684,747,1412,1431]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="km" value="14.0">
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||
<quantity box="[684,747,1412,1431]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
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</locationDeviation>
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west of Ikei-shima, Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands,
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<collectingCountry box="[698,760,1439,1458]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingDate pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="1995-06-25">
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||
<date pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="1995-06-25">
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||
<number box="[776,799,1438,1458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="25.0">25</number>
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June
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<number box="[308,356,1464,1484]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="1995.0">1995</number>
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||
</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
,
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<collectorName box="[367,509,1464,1484]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">R. F. Bolland</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1226907513" collectingDate="2007-10-04" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="T. M. Gosliner" country="Iceland" location="Tioman" municipality="Tioman" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" specimenCode="CASIZ 176717" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-male="14">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[519,669,1464,1484]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">CASIZ 176717</specimenCode>
|
||
,
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||
<specimenCount box="[680,730,1464,1484]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="male">14 m</specimenCount>
|
||
depth, Waterfall Bay,
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<collectingCountry box="[418,476,1491,1510]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="Iceland">Pulau</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[488,568,1491,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Tioman</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[585,678,1491,1510]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="2007-10-04">
|
||
<date pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="2007-10-04">
|
||
<number box="[694,706,1491,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
October
|
||
<number box="[255,304,1517,1536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[315,470,1517,1536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">T. M. Gosliner</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph box="[255,446,1575,1597]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[255,446,1575,1597]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[255,446,1575,1597]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
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Known from Sepok, on Maricaban Island off southern Luzon, Philippines, near Ikei-shima in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Waterfall Bay, Pulau Tioman, Malaysia (present study). There is one photograph of this species from Manado, Indonesia, taken by Pauline Fiene in
|
||
<number box="[551,600,1751,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="1991.0">1991</number>
|
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, but there are no specimens available from this region.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph box="[856,973,1264,1286]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[856,973,1264,1286]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[856,973,1264,1286]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="243">This species is named in recognition of the extensively undulating digestive duct within the cerata.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph box="[856,1022,1403,1425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[856,1022,1403,1425]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[856,1022,1403,1425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
Specimens are often found crawling on a red gorgonian octocoral in the genus
|
||
<emphasis box="[1221,1309,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1221,1309,1474,1495]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acabaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. This is likely the prey of this species, but actual feeding has not been observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph box="[856,979,1595,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[856,979,1595,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[856,979,1595,1616]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" reason="0">Description</heading>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[856,1164,1646,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Color and external morphology:</emphasis>
|
||
Living animals are very elongate with the mantle extending laterally just beyond the narrow foot. Preserved specimens are
|
||
<quantity box="[856,932,1725,1745]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[952,1025,1725,1745]" collectionName="CASIZ" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[1038,1111,1725,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity box="[1135,1211,1725,1745]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1231,1304,1725,1745]" collectionName="CASIZ" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[1317,1390,1725,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="115810.0">115810</number>
|
||
), and
|
||
<quantity box="[903,973,1751,1771]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[989,1062,1751,1771]" collectionName="CASIZ" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[1071,1141,1751,1771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="176717.0">176717</number>
|
||
) in length. The length of specimen
|
||
<number box="[953,1023,1778,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" value="115801.0">115801</number>
|
||
when living was
|
||
<quantity box="[1195,1266,1778,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The anterior portion of the foot margin is broad with moderately tentacular foot corners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
The body of the living animal is predominantly transparent, with viscera and gonads visible through the mantle and foot. A single thin, opaque white line follows the entire length of the animal middorsally between the rhinophores and along the dorsum. The anterior foot corners have a cream-yellow line extending from the lateral sides of the head to the tips of the tentacular processes (Figure
|
||
<number box="[518,527,565,584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[527,547,565,584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">B</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
The cerata are generally transparent with the exception of a slight blue color near the tips followed by yellow at the terminus of each ceras. They are cylindrical and contain extensively undulating and undivided digestive tissue. The digestive gland within each ceras is a cream-yellow color near the dorsum, turns slightly pink just before the blue portion of the ceras, and turns cream-yellow again at the tip of the ceras. The cerata contain distinctive but nonfunctional cnidosacs at the distal ends. The longest and widest cerata are near the median region of the dorsum, with newly developing cerata at the edge of the mantle. The ceratal arrangement consists of arches and rows, with anteriormost groups forming arches and posteriormost groups forming rows (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[443,526,961,980]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[232,290,1383,1400]" captionTargetBox="[416,1193,324,1360]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral view of preserved specimens showing ceratal arrangement. A, Phyllodesmium acanthorhinum n. sp. (CASIZ 104702 a); B, Phyllodesmium undulatum n. sp. (CASIZ 176717). Scale bars represent preserved specimen length." pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[515,526,961,980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[526,544,961,980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">B</collectionCode>
|
||
). One specimen (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[704,776,961,980]" collectionName="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[232,301,987,1007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="115810.0">115810</number>
|
||
) was missing all cerata, but the raised basal groupings appear consistent with the other specimens. The precardiac and first postcardiac arches both contain
|
||
<number box="[232,277,1066,1086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7–11</number>
|
||
cerata, with the largest animal (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[618,689,1066,1086]" collectionName="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[700,769,1066,1086]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="176717.0">176717</number>
|
||
) having ceratal groups containing the most cerata, and the smallest animal (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[433,504,1119,1138]" collectionName="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[512,581,1119,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
) with the least. The genital aperture is located just anterior to the precardiac arch on the right side. The renal pore is in the interhepatic space between the precardiac and first postcardiac arches on the right side, slightly closer to the postcardiac group of cerata. The anal papilla is directly under the first postcardiac arch on the right side. The second postcardiac ceratal arch contains
|
||
<number box="[730,775,1303,1323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6–11</number>
|
||
cerata, followed by
|
||
<number box="[427,472,1330,1349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10</number>
|
||
cerata in the third postcardiac arch. The fourth postcardiac ceratal group contains
|
||
<number box="[741,775,1357,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7</number>
|
||
cerata and is an incomplete arch, while the fifth and sixth postcardiac groups each contain
|
||
<number box="[578,612,1409,1428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3</number>
|
||
cerata in rows (specimen number
|
||
<number box="[426,494,1435,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
had only one ceras in the fourth, fifth, and sixth postcardiac ceratal groups, but this was suspected to be due to prior injury). Specimen number
|
||
<number box="[322,393,1514,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="176717.0">176717</number>
|
||
, being the largest specimen, had a seventh postcardiac ceratal row containing three cerata. The oral tentacles and rhinophores are smooth, and taper to pointed apices. The rhinophores are extended in length, as long as the oral tentacles in preserved specimens, and both are generally transparent with variable blue and/or yellow bands. Two specimens (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[239,310,1699,1718]" collectionName="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[320,388,1699,1718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
and
|
||
<number box="[445,514,1699,1718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="176717.0">176717</number>
|
||
) have only yellow on the rhinophores, whereas the other has a hint of blue midway up each rhinophore. The oral tentacles and rhinophores terminate in broadly yellow tips for all specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[833,1172,327,346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Reproductive system (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1059,1142,327,346]" captionStart="Figure 2. A" captionStartId="4.[255,317,1181,1198]" captionTargetBox="[255,800,324,1159]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. A, Reproductive system of Phyllodesmium acanthorhinum n. sp.; B, Reproductive system of Phyllodesmium undulatum n. sp. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; rs, receptaculum seminis; od, oviduct; vd, vas deferens; fgm, female gland mass; p, penial papilla; pr, prostate; alb, albumen gland; mu, mucous gland; me, membrane gland." pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[1131,1142,327,346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1142,1159,327,346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">B</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All three dissected specimens were mature, with well-developed female glands consisting mostly of mucous gland. The albumen and membrane glands were completely developed but smaller in comparison. A large, looped ampulla branches to the oviduct and the prostatic portion of the vas deferens. The oviduct joins a nodulose receptaculum seminis, and a second branch extends from the base of the receptaculum to join the mucous gland near the albumen gland. The second branch of the ampulla connects to the vas deferens with the proximal portion being prostatic. The moderately sized prostate is slightly convoluted in two specimens (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1167,1238,644,664]" collectionName="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[1255,1323,644,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="115810.0">115810</number>
|
||
and
|
||
<number box="[833,902,671,690]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="176717.0">176717</number>
|
||
) and totally straight in the other (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1306,1377,671,690]" collectionName="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<number box="[833,904,697,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
), leading to a small, conical-shaped penial bulb in both specimens. The genital aperture has two openings, one each for the male and female genital systems (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[920,1005,777,796]" captionStart="Figure 2. A" captionStartId="4.[255,317,1181,1198]" captionTargetBox="[255,800,324,1159]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. A, Reproductive system of Phyllodesmium acanthorhinum n. sp.; B, Reproductive system of Phyllodesmium undulatum n. sp. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; rs, receptaculum seminis; od, oviduct; vd, vas deferens; fgm, female gland mass; p, penial papilla; pr, prostate; alb, albumen gland; mu, mucous gland; me, membrane gland." pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[993,1005,777,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1005,1022,777,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">B</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[833,1001,830,849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Buccal armature:</emphasis>
|
||
The jaws are thin and coriaceous with undeveloped, possibly vestigial, bumps on the masticatory border. These are not denticulate, but noticeable in both specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1016,1100,909,929]" captionStart="Figure 4. A and B" captionStartId="5.[232,290,1147,1164]" captionTargetBox="[232,1379,324,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[232,1380,324,1125]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. A and B, Jaw plate and masticatory denticles of Phyllodesmium acanthorhinum n. sp. (CASIZ 099093); C and D, Jaw plate and masticatory border of Phyllodesmium undulatum n. sp. (CASIZ 105746)." pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[1087,1100,909,929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1100,1117,909,929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">C</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1138,1159,909,929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">D</collectionCode>
|
||
). The radulae have formulae
|
||
<number box="[932,954,936,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="17.0">17</number>
|
||
×
|
||
<number box="[998,1028,936,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="0.1">0.1</number>
|
||
.0 for specimen
|
||
<number box="[1196,1263,936,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
and
|
||
<number box="[1323,1346,936,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="22.0">22</number>
|
||
×
|
||
<number box="[833,864,962,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="0.1">0.1</number>
|
||
.0 for specimen
|
||
<number box="[1048,1119,962,982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="115810.0">115810</number>
|
||
. The radular teeth are triangular in shape leading to long, slightly curved, primary cusps in one specimen (
|
||
<number box="[1146,1217,1015,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1228,1309,1015,1034]" captionStart="Figure 5. A and B" captionStartId="6.[255,313,1165,1182]" captionTargetBox="[255,1401,324,1143]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[255,1402,324,1144]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. A and B, Radular cusps and denticles of Phyllodesmium acanthorhinum n. sp. (CASIZ 104702 a and CASIZ 104702 b, respectively; note the variation between specimens); C and D, Radular cusps and denticles of Phyllodesmium undulatum n. sp. (CASIZ 105746 and CASIZ 115810, respectively; note wear on denticles in image D)." pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[1298,1309,1015,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1309,1326,1015,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">C</collectionCode>
|
||
) and blunt, short primary cusps in the other (
|
||
<number box="[1303,1373,1041,1061]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="115810.0">115810</number>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[833,916,1068,1087]" captionStart="Figure 5. A and B" captionStartId="6.[255,313,1165,1182]" captionTargetBox="[255,1401,324,1143]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[255,1402,324,1144]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. A and B, Radular cusps and denticles of Phyllodesmium acanthorhinum n. sp. (CASIZ 104702 a and CASIZ 104702 b, respectively; note the variation between specimens); C and D, Radular cusps and denticles of Phyllodesmium undulatum n. sp. (CASIZ 105746 and CASIZ 115810, respectively; note wear on denticles in image D)." pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<number box="[904,916,1068,1087]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[916,936,1068,1087]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">D</collectionCode>
|
||
). The latter specimen appears to have an abnormality in the length of the primary cusp, or this may have been caused by severe wear on the teeth. The rib on the ventral side of each tooth extends from the posterior of the tooth to the point of curvature on the primary cusp in specimen
|
||
<number box="[950,1020,1200,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
. In the specimen with the blunt, short primary cusp, the ventral rib extends nearly to the apex. Denticulation extends along the margin of each tooth, starting at the base of the tooth and ending at the curvature of the primary cusp in one specimen, and nearly to the apex of the cusp in the other. The denticles numbered
|
||
<quantity box="[945,1035,1359,1378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="in" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 in</quantity>
|
||
specimen
|
||
<number box="[1153,1221,1359,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity box="[1287,1377,1359,1378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="in" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 in</quantity>
|
||
specimen
|
||
<number box="[926,997,1385,1405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="115810.0">115810</number>
|
||
. The denticles are elongate and pointed, reaching slightly underneath the ventral portion of the tooth in specimen
|
||
<number box="[1013,1082,1438,1458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="105746.0">105746</number>
|
||
, and appear shorter and more blunt in specimen
|
||
<number box="[1004,1074,1465,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="115810.0">115810</number>
|
||
. This further indicates increased wear on the teeth in the latter specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[833,927,1540,1559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Of the previously described species of
|
||
<emphasis box="[833,987,1565,1585]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[833,983,1565,1585]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Phyllodesmium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
only
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1051,1185,1565,1585]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1051,1185,1565,1585]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P. opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1202,1323,1565,1585]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1202,1323,1565,1585]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="horridum">P. horridum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[833,1004,1592,1612]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthorhinum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[833,1004,1592,1612]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P. acanthorhinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have undivided digestive tissue within the cerata. However, in
|
||
<number box="[1105,1154,1619,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="1991.0">1991</number>
|
||
, Rudman noted the presence of nodules or buds on the digestive gland in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[833,948,1671,1691]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="horridum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[833,948,1671,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P. horridum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are not seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1165,1292,1671,1691]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1292,1671,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P. opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or in the new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[968,1103,1698,1718]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[968,1103,1698,1718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1162,1346,1698,1718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1162,1342,1698,1718]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthorhinum">P. acanthorhinum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In addition, the predominantly transparent mantle and cerata of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[943,1081,1751,1771]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[943,1081,1751,1771]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varies noticeably from the translucent and pale appearance of the mantle in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1355,1378,1778,1797]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Mollusca">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1355,1378,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,351,326,346]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[255,347,326,346]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="horridum">horridum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
When compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[579,714,326,346]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[579,714,326,346]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs noticeably in a number of ways. Externally, the digestive tissue within the cerata of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
undulates unmistakably whereas in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="opalescens">P. opalescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the tissue is relatively straight. Also, the opaque white line down the dorsum of
|
||
<emphasis box="[647,777,457,478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[647,777,457,478]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">P. undulatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is different from the distinctive white diamonds or teardrop-shaped patches down the dorsum of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="opalescens">P. opalescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. The jaw structure of
|
||
<emphasis box="[581,712,536,556]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[581,712,536,556]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="opalescens">P. opalescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
includes large, blunt denticles (Rudman,
|
||
<number box="[602,651,563,583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" value="1991.0">1991</number>
|
||
), whereas the jaw of
|
||
<emphasis box="[335,470,589,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[335,470,589,609]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">P. undulatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has no obvious denticles. The reproductive system of
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,618,615,635]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[488,618,615,635]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="opalescens">P. opalescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[669,799,615,635]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[669,799,615,635]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differ, as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[399,530,641,661]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[399,530,641,661]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a nodulose receptaculum seminis and a moderate, predominantly straight prostate.
|
||
<emphasis box="[360,625,694,714]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[360,625,694,714]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="opalescens">Phyllodesmium opalescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a smooth receptaculum seminis and a prominent, highly convoluted prostate. When externally comparing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[350,525,773,793]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthorhinum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[350,525,773,793]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. acanthorhinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they can be easily distinguished by the papillate rhinophores in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthorhinum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. acanthorhinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared with the smooth rhinophores in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[281,411,851,871]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[281,411,851,871]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and by the single white line down the dorsum of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[372,505,878,898]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[372,505,878,898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the network or flecked pattern on the dorsum of
|
||
<emphasis box="[516,696,904,924]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[516,692,904,924]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthorhinum">P. acanthorhinum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[306,439,930,950]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[306,439,930,950]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has elongate angular foot corners, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[425,597,956,976]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthorhinum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[425,597,956,976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. acanthorhinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are short and blunt. Their reproductive systems also vary.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Phyllodesmium undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a nodulose receptaculum seminis and a straight, moderately sized prostate, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthorhinum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. acanthorhinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an S-shaped receptaculum seminis and prominent, convoluted prostate. The jaw morphology is definitive based on the absence of masticatory denticles in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[369,497,1140,1160]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,497,1140,1160]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. undulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<number box="[543,578,1141,1160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7</number>
|
||
knobby denticles in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acanthorhinum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">P. acanthorhinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |