treatments-xml/data/03/D7/87/03D7878F7961092AFDB0FF045BECFC74.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

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<document id="1B07F8EAA32B1821C1A6A6D1942F9551" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7172320" ID-ISSN="1944-8120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172320" ID-ZooBank="12F3BC0E-A2E9-4944-B45B-74DCF62A4E9B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1665282582718" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Otto, Jürgen C. &amp; Hill, David E." docDate="2017" docId="03D7878F7961092AFDB0FF045BECFC74" docLanguage="en" docName="Peckhamia.152.1.1-97.pdf" docOrigin="Peckhamia 152 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663.3:Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663" docStyleName="Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Maratus trigonus Otto &amp; Hill 2017, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="F4E96C04-E565-4897-A807-50FF0E2F3431" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFEEFFF779260975FFE3FFA85F66FF93" masterDocTitle="Five new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878)" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1699378198001" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-ND-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="15C3C2BA49EF2E2BE122287869A8CAEF">Five new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5BCC1CE984556D253BF6EA2E67291B63">Otto, Jürgen C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1EDBDFB5855FBBE8259CEA28EB5807F">Hill, David E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CBD037489FAC9689565CE7CE4EF1578F">Peckhamia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B852E1A2D45C1A1A4CDD556C62BD2CA8">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48FF4C1D8CA08F9879FD2AE82101FD4B">2017-08-26</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C364651279610932FDB0FF045B6BFF59" box="[595,1037,172,202]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979610932FDB0FF045B6BFF59" blockId="71.[595,1037,172,202]" box="[595,1037,172,202]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<heading id="D08981F579610932FDB0FF045B6BFF59" bold="true" box="[595,1037,172,202]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FDB0FF045B6BFF59" bold="true" box="[595,1037,172,202]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FDB0FF045C29FF59" ID-CoL="3Y2GN" authority="Otto &amp; Hill, 2017" authorityName="Otto &amp; Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[595,847,172,202]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FDB0FF045C29FF59" bold="true" box="[595,847,172,202]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23957F079610932FCBEFF065B6BFF59" box="[861,1037,173,202]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36465127961092AFF83FF5F5BECFC74" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979610932FF83FF5F5B86FE38" blockId="71.[96,1536,247,427]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FF83FF5F5E49FE86" box="[96,303,247,277]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Type specimens</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="54C5883B79610932FE61FF515E9DFE85" box="[386,507,249,278]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FDB9FF545D14FE87" box="[602,626,252,276]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male"></specimenCount>
#13),
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FD29FF515CAEFE85" box="[714,968,249,278]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">10 paratype males</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FC3EFF545C93FE87" box="[989,1013,252,276]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male"></specimenCount>
#3-5, 9, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28-29), and
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FA3AFF515E36FEA8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">12 paratype females</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FE86FE8A5E1BFEA9" box="[357,381,290,314]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female"></specimenCount>
#10-12, 14-17, 19, 21, 24-25, 34) were collected at Mt. Lindesay (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A505E79610932FAC5FEB65A9DFEA8" box="[1318,1531,286,315]" degrees="34.83961667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="-34.839615">34.83961667°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A505E79610932FF83FEEB5E51FEF3" box="[96,311,323,352]" degrees="117.3083667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="117.308365">117.3083667°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFC0105979610932FEAEFEEC5E94FEF3" box="[333,498,323,353]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2016-10-04">4 OCT 2016</date>
, coll. J. Otto). The
<typeStatus id="54C5883B79610932FD12FEEB5C0CFEF3" box="[753,874,323,352]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FC29FEEF5C84FECC" box="[970,994,327,351]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male"></specimenCount>
#13),
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FBD8FEEB5A4EFEF3" box="[1083,1320,323,352]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">5 paratype males</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FADEFEEF5A33FECC" box="[1341,1365,327,351]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male"></specimenCount>
#18, 20, 23, 28-29), and
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FEEBFEC15D69FE15" box="[264,527,361,390]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">9 paratype females</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D78FD1079610932FDC0FEC55D5DFE16" box="[547,571,365,389]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female"></specimenCount>
#12, 14-17, 19, 21, 24-25) were collected as immatures and reared to the adult stage.
<materialsCitation id="3B163CC479610932FEDEFE265BBAFE38" box="[317,1244,398,427]" location="Western Australian Museum" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1">
All types will be deposited in the
<location id="8EA1604279610932FD1CFE275BE5FE38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7878F7961092AFDB0FF045BECFC74:8EA1604279610932FD1CFE275BE5FE38" box="[767,1155,398,427]" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Western Australian Museum</location>
, Perth
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1369979610932FF83FE705CDFFD8F" blockId="71.[96,1536,472,540]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FF83FE705F8BFE65" box="[96,237,472,502]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species group name (
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FDBCFE705C43FE65" authority=", Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[607,805,472,502]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FDBCFE705DA9FE65" box="[607,719,472,502]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">trigonus</emphasis>
, Latin
</taxonomicName>
, m., adjective, English translation
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FB0CFE705A1CFE65" box="[1263,1402,472,502]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">triangular</emphasis>
) refers to the distinctive triangular shape of the extended fan of the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1369979610932FF83FDE05E05FCD4" blockId="71.[96,1537,584,840]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FF83FDE05F87FDF5" box="[96,225,584,614]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. The pattern of scales on the fan of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FD12FDE05CEDFDF5" box="[753,907,584,614]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FD12FDE05CEDFDF5" box="[753,907,584,614]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique for this species, including a threepointed &quot;crown&quot; of bright white scales at the posterior margin. The sharp outer angles of the extended flaps of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FF33FD3B5E0FFD22" box="[208,361,659,689]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FF33FD3B5E0FFD22" box="[208,361,659,689]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also give the fan of this species a distinctive triangular shape (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79610932FB31FD3D5A38FD21" box="[1234,1374,661,690]" captionStart="Figure 82" captionStartId="76.[144,223,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[144,1489,165,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-68@76.[144,824,989,1449]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 82. Elevated and expanded fan of eight adult male M. trigonus during courtship display, showing subtle variations in colour and pattern. Note in particular variation in appearance of the bright white &quot;crown.&quot;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172506/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figure 82</figureCitation>
). Male and female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FE91FD115D39FD44" box="[370,607,697,727]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FE91FD115D39FD44" box="[370,607,697,727]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar to those of other western
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FB37FD115A22FD44" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[1236,1348,697,727]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FB37FD115A22FD44" box="[1236,1348,697,727]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Maratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
including
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FA3EFD115FB2FD6F" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FA3EFD115FB2FD6F" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M. cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FEFCFD765EAFFD6F" box="[287,457,734,764]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electricus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FEFCFD765EAFFD6F" box="[287,457,734,764]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M. electricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The female is unremarkable and closely resembles the female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FAB8FD765A9FFD6F" box="[1371,1529,734,764]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FAB8FD765A9FFD6F" box="[1371,1529,734,764]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M. cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This similarity further supports our view that female specimens should not be used as
<typeStatus id="54C5883B79610932FAE5FCAD5AEBFCB1" box="[1286,1421,773,802]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
for new species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FF0EFC815E3BFCD4" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[237,349,809,839]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FF0EFC815E3BFCD4" box="[237,349,809,839]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Maratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1369979610932FF83FCDC5BE2FC00" blockId="71.[96,1156,884,915]" box="[96,1156,884,915]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FF83FCDC5E05FC01" box="[96,355,884,914]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Description of male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79610932FE90FCDE5D51FC01" box="[371,567,885,915]" captionStart-0="Figure 77" captionStart-1="Figure 78" captionStart-2="Figure 79" captionStart-3="Figure 80" captionStart-4="Figure 81. 1-3" captionStart-5="Figure 82" captionStart-6="Figure 83" captionStart-7="Figure 85" captionStartId-0="72.[179,258,1977,2001]" captionStartId-1="73.[96,175,1930,1954]" captionStartId-2="74.[96,175,1939,1963]" captionStartId-3="75.[135,214,1034,1058]" captionStartId-4="75.[138,219,1949,1973]" captionStartId-5="76.[144,223,1908,1932]" captionStartId-6="77.[96,175,1830,1854]" captionStartId-7="79.[123,202,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1452,303,1965]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1537,165,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[96,1537,165,1928]" captionTargetBox-3="[134,1498,165,1025]" captionTargetBox-4="[134,1497,1127,1941]" captionTargetBox-5="[144,1489,165,1897]" captionTargetBox-6="[96,1537,165,1854]" captionTargetBox-7="[125,1507,165,1153]" captionTargetId-1="figure-2@73.[554,972,1038,1472]" captionTargetId-2="figure-33@74.[527,1005,1023,1436]" captionTargetId-3="figure-64@75.[614,1034,165,614]" captionTargetId-4="figure-90@75.[602,1148,1524,1941]" captionTargetId-5="figure-68@76.[144,824,989,1449]" captionTargetId-6="figure-43@77.[747,1027,960,1403]" captionTargetId-7="figure-303@79.[502,871,659,1153]" captionTargetPageId-0="72" captionTargetPageId-1="73" captionTargetPageId-2="74" captionTargetPageId-3="75" captionTargetPageId-4="75" captionTargetPageId-5="76" captionTargetPageId-6="77" captionTargetPageId-7="79" captionText-0="Figure 77. Four adult male M. trigonus. 10, Courtship display." captionText-1="Figure 78. Five adult male M. trigonus. 12, Single leg-wave display." captionText-2="Figure 79. Seven adult male M. trigonus. 6, 8, 11-12, Single leg-wave display." captionText-3="Figure 80. Five adult male M. trigonus." captionText-4="Figure 81. 1-3, Venter of three adult male M. trigonus. 4, 6-7, ventral (or posterior) view of elevated fan during courtship display. The inset rectangle in (4) is enlarged in (7) to highlight the S-curve of the pedicel. 5, Lateral view." captionText-5="Figure 82. Elevated and expanded fan of eight adult male M. trigonus during courtship display, showing subtle variations in colour and pattern. Note in particular variation in appearance of the bright white &quot;crown.&quot;" captionText-6="Figure 83. Medial to lateral views of the left pedipalp of six adult male M. trigonus, preserved in alcohol." captionText-7="Figure 85. Three adult male Maratus trigonus preserved in alcohol." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172482" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172488" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172494" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172498" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172502" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172506" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172512" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172516" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172482/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172488/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7172494/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7172498/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7172502/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7172506/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7172512/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7172516/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figures 77-85</figureCitation>
). Males were
<quantity id="4C869B7C79610932FD15FCDD5CFEFC01" box="[758,920,885,914]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="3.85" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.5">3.5-4.2 mm</quantity>
in length (n=16).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1369979610932FF83FC695A1FFB0A" blockId="71.[96,1534,961,1177]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">The clypeus is black and almost glabrous with just a few scattered long off-white setae near the midline. The chelicerae are black and glabrous. The eye region has a background cover of grey scales, with five lines of dark red scales crossing this from front to back. One of these lines is median, and the other four extend behind each of the anterior eyes. The rest of the carapace is almost entirely black and glabrous, except for a white marginal band on either side. A short dorsomedian tract of red-brown or off-white setae may also be present behind the eye region. The PME are closer to the PLE than to the ALE.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1369979610932FF83FB6F5E27F963" blockId="71.[96,1536,1223,1776]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
The fan (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79610932FF3AFB6F5E05FB77" box="[217,355,1223,1252]" captionStart="Figure 82" captionStartId="76.[144,223,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[144,1489,165,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-68@76.[144,824,989,1449]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 82. Elevated and expanded fan of eight adult male M. trigonus during courtship display, showing subtle variations in colour and pattern. Note in particular variation in appearance of the bright white &quot;crown.&quot;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172506/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figure 82</figureCitation>
) is distinctly triangular in shape when the angulate lobes, normally folded around the opisthosoma, are fully extended. Three tracts of tightly-packed iridescent scales project onto the fan from the anterior margin, two additional tracts of similar scales project onto the fan from each lateral margin, and one more tract of these scales lines the posterior margin of each flap. The center of the fan is occupied by a dark orange to brown figure lined with black, with a three-pointed crown of bright white scales at the posteromedian margin. This crown varies in shape from a nearly straight line with only a slight bulge at the centre (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79610932FE31FA0F5D06FA56" box="[466,608,1447,1477]" captionStart="Figure 79" captionStartId="74.[96,175,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,165,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-33@74.[527,1005,1023,1436]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 79. Seven adult male M. trigonus. 6, 8, 11-12, Single leg-wave display." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172494/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figure 79</figureCitation>
:7-8) to a wave form (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79610932FC6DFA0F5B7AFA56" box="[910,1052,1447,1477]" captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="75.[135,214,1034,1058]" captionTargetBox="[134,1498,165,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-64@75.[614,1034,165,614]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 80. Five adult male M. trigonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172498/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figure 80</figureCitation>
:3) or even a trident (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79610932FAABFA0F5AB3FA57" box="[1352,1493,1447,1476]" captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="75.[135,214,1034,1058]" captionTargetBox="[134,1498,165,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-64@75.[614,1034,165,614]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 80. Five adult male M. trigonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172498/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figure 80</figureCitation>
:6). The entire figure on the fan has the appearance of a crouching, winged insect, with its legs in an anterior position (at the bottom of the fan when displayed). Although the &quot;drawing&quot; is quite different, the effect resembles the finely-drawn figure of an insect on the fan of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FC3AF9BF5B34F9A6" baseAuthorityName="Otto &amp; Hill" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[985,1106,1559,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespa">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FC3AF9BF5B34F9A6" box="[985,1106,1559,1589]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M. vespa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF4B6879610932FB4BF9B05AC5F9A6" author="Otto, J. C. &amp; D. E. Hill" box="[1192,1443,1560,1589]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref11938" refString="Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016. Seven new peacock spiders from Western Australia and South Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 141.1: 1 - 101." type="book chapter" year="2016">Otto &amp; Hill 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The underside of the opisthosoma is light brown with a central brown area and a loose cover of off-white setae (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79610932FF5BF9CB5E26F913" box="[184,320,1635,1664]" captionStart="Figure 81. 1-3" captionStartId="75.[138,219,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[134,1497,1127,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-90@75.[602,1148,1524,1941]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 81. 1-3, Venter of three adult male M. trigonus. 4, 6-7, ventral (or posterior) view of elevated fan during courtship display. The inset rectangle in (4) is enlarged in (7) to highlight the S-curve of the pedicel. 5, Lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172502/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figure 81</figureCitation>
). There is a small tuft of white colular setae. Below this the spinnerets are black, and the underside of each flap is black. The pedicel is remarkably flexible and can be twisted in an S-shape when the fan is elevated during courtship display (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79610932FD29F9065C37F958" box="[714,849,1710,1739]" captionStart="Figure 81. 1-3" captionStartId="75.[138,219,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[134,1497,1127,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-90@75.[602,1148,1524,1941]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 81. 1-3, Venter of three adult male M. trigonus. 4, 6-7, ventral (or posterior) view of elevated fan during courtship display. The inset rectangle in (4) is enlarged in (7) to highlight the S-curve of the pedicel. 5, Lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172502/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figure 81</figureCitation>
:4,6-7), something that we have not seen in other
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79610932FF83F97A5E27F963" box="[96,321,1746,1776]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79610932FF83F97A5FB6F963" box="[96,208,1746,1776]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Maratus</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC136997961093DFF83F8B75C22FF63" blockId="71.[96,1534,1822,2001]" lastBlockId="72.[96,1533,174,240]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Legs I and
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79610932FF11F8B75E61F8A8" box="[242,263,1823,1851]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">II</collectionCode>
are shorter, legs
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79610932FE0DF8B75D6BF8A8" box="[494,525,1823,1851]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">III</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79610932FDACF8B75D0BF8A8" box="[591,621,1823,1851]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IV</collectionCode>
longer, and legs
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79610932FCADF8B75C0BF8A8" box="[846,877,1823,1851]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">III</collectionCode>
the longest. Legs I-II and
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79610932FB31F8B75B96F8A8" box="[1234,1264,1823,1851]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IV</collectionCode>
are loosely covered with white to off-white setae and are indistinctly banded with areas of dark pigment. Legs
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79610932FA47F8EC5AA1F8F3" box="[1444,1479,1860,1888]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">III</collectionCode>
are generally black except for white setae that cover each tarsus, and a small patch of white to off-white scales on the anterior side of the distal patellar margin. There is a short fringe of relatively short white setae and the underside of each tibia and metatarsus
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79610932FD16F81D5C7EF842" box="[757,792,1973,2001]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">III</collectionCode>
. From above, the pedipalps are light brown in colour and covered with long white to off-white setae. The pedipalps are unremarkable with a longer outer apex of the embolus above a shorter inner apex (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C796E093DFD4FFF7B5C52FF63" box="[684,820,211,240]" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="77.[96,175,1830,1854]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,165,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-43@77.[747,1027,960,1403]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figure 83. Medial to lateral views of the left pedipalp of six adult male M. trigonus, preserved in alcohol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172512/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 83</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF016611796E093DFF50F8115C1FF842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172482" box="[179,889,1976,2001]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172482/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" startId="72.[179,258,1977,2001]" targetBox="[181,1452,303,1965]" targetPageId="72">
<paragraph id="8BC13699796E093DFF50F8115C1FF842" blockId="72.[179,1441,1934,2001]" box="[179,889,1976,2001]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796E093DFF50F8115E48F842" bold="true" box="[179,302,1977,2001]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 77.</emphasis>
Four adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A796E093DFE10F8105D16F842" box="[499,624,1976,2001]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796E093DFE10F8105D16F842" box="[499,624,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796E093DFD61F8115DC1F842" bold="true" box="[642,679,1977,2001]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">10,</emphasis>
Courtship display.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611796F093CFF83F8225C03F831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172488" box="[96,869,1929,1954]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172488/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" startId="73.[96,175,1930,1954]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1919]" targetPageId="73">
<paragraph id="8BC13699796F093CFF83F8225C03F831" blockId="73.[96,1178,1888,1954]" box="[96,869,1929,1954]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796F093CFF83F8225FBDF831" bold="true" box="[96,219,1930,1954]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figure 78.</emphasis>
Five adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A796F093CFE79F8215D71F831" box="[410,535,1929,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796F093CFE79F8215D71F831" box="[410,535,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796F093CFDCAF8225D28F831" bold="true" box="[553,590,1930,1954]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">12,</emphasis>
Single leg-wave display.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611796C093FFF83F83B5C86F838" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172494" box="[96,992,1938,1964]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172494/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" startId="74.[96,175,1939,1963]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1928]" targetPageId="74">
<paragraph id="8BC13699796C093FFF83F83B5C86F838" blockId="74.[96,992,1892,1964]" box="[96,992,1938,1964]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796C093FFF83F83B5FBDF838" bold="true" box="[96,219,1939,1963]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figure 79.</emphasis>
Seven adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A796C093FFE4EF83A5D4DF838" box="[429,555,1938,1963]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796C093FFE4EF83A5D4DF838" box="[429,555,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796C093FFDDFF83B5DA4F838" bold="true" box="[572,706,1939,1963]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">6, 8, 11-12,</emphasis>
Single leg-wave display.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611796D093EFF64FBA25D25FBB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172498" box="[135,579,1033,1058]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172498/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[135,214,1034,1058]" targetBox="[134,1498,165,1025]" targetPageId="75">
<paragraph id="8BC13699796D093EFF64FBA25D25FBB1" blockId="75.[135,1037,997,1058]" box="[135,579,1033,1058]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796D093EFF64FBA25E64FBB1" bold="true" box="[135,258,1034,1058]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figure 80.</emphasis>
Five adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A796D093EFE23FBA15D5BFBB1" box="[448,573,1033,1058]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796D093EFE23FBA15D5BFBB1" box="[448,573,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611796D093EFF69F8355ACBF847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172502/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[138,219,1949,1973]" targetBox="[134,1497,1127,1941]" targetPageId="75">
<paragraph id="8BC13699796D093EFF69F8355ACBF847" blockId="75.[138,1498,1909,2004]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796D093EFF69F8355E2AF826" bold="true" box="[138,332,1949,1973]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figure 81. 1-3,</emphasis>
Venter of three adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A796D093EFD79F8345C7AF826" box="[666,796,1948,1973]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796D093EFD79F8345C7AF826" box="[666,796,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796D093EFCD5F8355CE2F826" bold="true" box="[822,900,1949,1973]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">4, 6-7,</emphasis>
ventral (or posterior) view of elevated fan during courtship display. The inset rectangle in (4) is enlarged in (7) to highlight the S-curve of the pedicel.
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796D093EFAE2F8145A70F847" bold="true" box="[1281,1302,1980,2004]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">5,</emphasis>
Lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611796A0939FF73F8DC5A45F83F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172506/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" startId="76.[144,223,1908,1932]" targetBox="[144,1489,165,1897]" targetPageId="76">
<paragraph id="8BC13699796A0939FF73F8DC5A45F83F" blockId="76.[144,1488,1868,1964]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796A0939FF73F8DC5E76F81F" bold="true" box="[144,272,1908,1932]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figure 82.</emphasis>
Elevated and expanded fan of eight adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A796A0939FC82F8DB5C82F81F" box="[865,996,1907,1932]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796A0939FC82F8DB5C82F81F" box="[865,996,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during courtship display, showing subtle variations in colour and pattern. Note in particular variation in appearance of the bright white &quot;crown.&quot;
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611796B0938FF83F88E5B98F8AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172512" box="[96,1278,1829,1854]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172512/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" startId="77.[96,175,1830,1854]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1854]" targetPageId="77">
<paragraph id="8BC13699796B0938FF83F88E5B98F8AD" blockId="77.[96,1278,1690,1854]" box="[96,1278,1829,1854]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796B0938FF83F88E5FBDF8AD" bold="true" box="[96,219,1830,1854]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 83.</emphasis>
Medial to lateral views of the left pedipalp of six adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A796B0938FC6BF88D5B60F8AD" box="[904,1030,1829,1854]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B796B0938FC6BF88D5B60F8AD" box="[904,1030,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, preserved in alcohol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0166117969093AFF98FB255C1AFB36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172516" box="[123,892,1164,1189]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172516/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[123,202,1165,1189]" targetBox="[125,1507,165,1153]" targetPageId="79">
<paragraph id="8BC136997969093AFF98FB255C1AFB36" blockId="79.[123,907,1122,1189]" box="[123,892,1164,1189]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7969093AFF98FB255F90FB36" bold="true" box="[123,246,1165,1189]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figure 85.</emphasis>
Three adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A7969093AFE2AFB245DEFFB36" box="[457,649,1164,1189]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7969093AFE2AFB245DEFFB36" box="[457,649,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
preserved in alcohol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC136997969093AFF83FB7A5A48FB62" blockId="79.[96,1326,1234,1265]" box="[96,1326,1234,1265]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7969093AFF83FB7A5E1CFB63" box="[96,378,1234,1264]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Description of female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A1C7969093AFE69FB7B5D30FB63" box="[394,598,1235,1264]" captionStart-0="Figure 86" captionStart-1="Figure 87" captionStart-2="Figure 88" captionStart-3="Figure 89" captionStart-4="Figure 90" captionStart-5="Figure 91" captionStart-6="Figure 92" captionStartId-0="80.[96,175,1877,1901]" captionStartId-1="81.[96,175,1821,1845]" captionStartId-2="82.[96,175,974,998]" captionStartId-3="82.[96,175,1936,1960]" captionStartId-4="83.[162,241,1977,2001]" captionStartId-5="84.[96,175,569,593]" captionStartId-6="84.[143,222,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1537,165,1866]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1537,165,1812]" captionTargetBox-2="[96,1537,165,964]" captionTargetBox-3="[96,1536,1054,1927]" captionTargetBox-4="[163,1469,165,1968]" captionTargetBox-5="[96,1536,165,593]" captionTargetBox-6="[142,1485,639,1763]" captionTargetId-0="figure-27@80.[568,1098,989,1426]" captionTargetId-1="figure-26@81.[605,1067,983,1417]" captionTargetId-2="figure-31@82.[547,1064,166,594]" captionTargetId-3="figure-66@82.[578,1038,1054,1505]" captionTargetId-4="figure-27@83.[785,1151,650,1076]" captionTargetId-5="figure-103@84.[499,991,165,557]" captionTargetId-6="figure-6@84.[475,822,993,1335]" captionTargetPageId-0="80" captionTargetPageId-1="81" captionTargetPageId-2="82" captionTargetPageId-3="82" captionTargetPageId-4="83" captionTargetPageId-5="84" captionTargetPageId-6="84" captionText-0="Figure 86. Four adult female Maratus trigonus." captionText-1="Figure 87. Five adult female Maratus trigonus." captionText-2="Figure 88. Two adult female Maratus trigonus." captionText-3="Figure 89. Ventral view of six adult female Maratus trigonus." captionText-4="Figure 90. Five adult female Maratus trigonus preserved in alcohol." captionText-5="Figure 91. Front view of three adult female Maratus trigonus preserved in alcohol." captionText-6="Figure 92. Epigynum of eleven adult female Maratus trigonus preserved in alcohol, viewed from below. The anterior direction is toward the top of this page." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172520" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172526" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172530" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172534" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172538" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172544" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172548" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172520/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172526/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7172530/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7172534/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7172538/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7172544/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7172548/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figures 86-92</figureCitation>
). Females ranged from
<quantity id="4C869B7C7969093AFC43FB7B5B24FB63" box="[928,1090,1235,1264]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="3.9">3.9-5.2 mm</quantity>
in length (n=12).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC136997969093AFF83FAB65DACFA64" blockId="79.[96,1535,1310,1527]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">The clypeus is yellow-brown and translucent with long white setae oriented anteromedially over the chelicerae. The chelicerae are brown and glabrous. The pedipalps are brown with many long white setae. The face, eye region, and top of the carapace below the lateral eyes is covered with off-white or red-brown scales. In some cases a darker brown line can be seen extending over the eye region behind each AME. The sides and rear of the carapace are yellow-brown and mostly glabrous with only a few scattered scales, and there are no marginal bands on the sides.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC136997969093AFF83F98D5A65F96E" blockId="79.[96,1534,1573,1789]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
The dorsal opisthosoma is dark brown with scattered red-brown, brown, or off-white scales and other setae. There is a wide marginal band of off-white scales and setae around the lateral sides of the opisthosoma, sometimes interrupted at the rear. Below, this band may be demarcated by darker lines. There is a small white triangle of colular scales above the grey to black spinnerets. The venter is light brown and mottled with brown spots, with a covering of shorter white to off-white setae (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C7969093AFAC0F9125ACDF94B" box="[1315,1451,1722,1752]" captionStart="Figure 89" captionStartId="82.[96,175,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,1054,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-66@82.[578,1038,1054,1505]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 89. Ventral view of six adult female Maratus trigonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172534/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figure 89</figureCitation>
). The coxae, trochanters, labium and endites are translucent brown, and the sternum is black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC136997969093AFF83F8845A26F82B" blockId="79.[96,1534,1835,1976]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Legs I and
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C7969093AFF19F8845E76F8DB" box="[250,272,1836,1864]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">II</collectionCode>
are shorter, legs
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C7969093AFDE3F8845D46F8DB" box="[512,544,1836,1864]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">III</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C7969093AFD85F8845DE3F8DB" box="[614,645,1836,1864]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">IV</collectionCode>
longer, and legs
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C7969093AFC8CF8845CE9F8DB" box="[879,911,1836,1864]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">III</collectionCode>
the longest. The brown legs are indistinctly banded with segmental rings of white scales or setae. The epigynum (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C7969093AFBA1F8F85BA8F8FD" box="[1090,1230,1872,1902]" captionStart="Figure 92" captionStartId="84.[143,222,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[142,1485,639,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-6@84.[475,822,993,1335]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figure 92. Epigynum of eleven adult female Maratus trigonus preserved in alcohol, viewed from below. The anterior direction is toward the top of this page." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172548/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figure 92</figureCitation>
) is unremarkable but typical for
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A7969093AFF15F8DC5E00F801" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[246,358,1908,1938]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7969093AFF15F8DC5E00F801" box="[246,358,1908,1938]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Maratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a pair of large, nearly circular fossae in front of an even larger pair of posterior spermathecae. Darker, sclerotized ducts are visible through the posterior part of each fossa.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF01661179760925FF83F8FD5D1CF8FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172520" box="[96,634,1876,1901]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172520/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[96,175,1877,1901]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1866]" targetPageId="80">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979760925FF83F8FD5D1CF8FE" blockId="80.[96,1529,1834,1901]" box="[96,634,1876,1901]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79760925FF83F8FD5FBDF8FE" bold="true" box="[96,219,1877,1901]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 86.</emphasis>
Four adult female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79760925FE56F8FC5D13F8FE" box="[437,629,1876,1901]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79760925FE56F8FC5D13F8FE" box="[437,629,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF01661179770924FF83F8B55D12F8A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172526" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172526" box="[96,628,1819,1845]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172526/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" startId="81.[96,175,1821,1845]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1812]" targetPageId="81">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979770924FF83F8B55D12F8A7" blockId="81.[96,1525,1785,1845]" box="[96,628,1819,1845]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79770924FF83F8B55FBDF8A6" bold="true" box="[96,219,1821,1845]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 87.</emphasis>
Five adult female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79770924FE4DF8B35D09F8A7" box="[430,623,1819,1844]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79770924FE4DF8B35D09F8A7" box="[430,623,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF01661179740927FF83FC665D10FC75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172530" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172530" box="[96,630,973,999]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172530/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" startId="82.[96,175,974,998]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,964]" targetPageId="82">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979740927FF83FC665D10FC75" blockId="82.[96,1042,930,999]" box="[96,630,973,999]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79740927FF83FC665FBDFC75" bold="true" box="[96,219,974,998]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figure 88.</emphasis>
Two adult female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79740927FE52FC655D17FC75" box="[433,625,973,998]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79740927FE52FC655D17FC75" box="[433,625,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF01661179740927FF83F8385C73F83B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172534" box="[96,789,1935,1960]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172534/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" startId="82.[96,175,1936,1960]" targetBox="[96,1536,1054,1927]" targetPageId="82">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979740927FF83F8385C73F83B" blockId="82.[96,1521,1895,1960]" box="[96,789,1935,1960]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79740927FF83F8385FBDF83B" bold="true" box="[96,219,1936,1960]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figure 89.</emphasis>
Ventral view of six adult female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79740927FDACF8275C76F83B" box="[591,784,1935,1960]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79740927FDACF8275C76F83B" box="[591,784,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF01661179750926FF41F8115CC5F842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172538" box="[162,931,1976,2001]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172538/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[162,241,1977,2001]" targetBox="[163,1469,165,1968]" targetPageId="83">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979750926FF41F8115CC5F842" blockId="83.[162,1461,1935,2001]" box="[162,931,1976,2001]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79750926FF41F8115E7BF842" bold="true" box="[162,285,1977,2001]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figure 90.</emphasis>
Five adult female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79750926FE13F8105DD6F842" box="[496,688,1976,2001]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79750926FE13F8105DD6F842" box="[496,688,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
preserved in alcohol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF01661179720921FF83FD915B6AFDC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172544" box="[96,1036,567,593]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172544/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[96,175,569,593]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,593]" targetPageId="84">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979720921FF83FD915B6AFDC2" blockId="84.[96,1036,518,593]" box="[96,1036,567,593]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79720921FF83FD915FBDFDC2" bold="true" box="[96,219,569,593]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figure 91.</emphasis>
Front view of three adult female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79720921FDBAFD9F5C7FFDC3" box="[601,793,567,592]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79720921FDBAFD9F5C7FFDC3" box="[601,793,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
preserved in alcohol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF01661179720921FF6CF9435D2CF8B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172548/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[143,222,1771,1795]" targetBox="[142,1485,639,1763]" targetPageId="84">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979720921FF6CF9435D2CF8B0" blockId="84.[143,1487,1770,1827]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79720921FF6CF9435E6CF890" bold="true" box="[143,266,1771,1795]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figure 92.</emphasis>
Epigynum of eleven adult female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79720921FD76F9425C30F890" box="[661,854,1770,1795]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79720921FD76F9425C30F890" box="[661,854,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
preserved in alcohol, viewed from below. The anterior direction is toward the top of this page.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC1369979720921FF83F8E75A0AF82B" blockId="84.[96,1534,1871,1976]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79720921FF83F8E75F94F8FE" box="[96,242,1871,1901]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Immatures</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79720921FEEAF8F95EB1F8FD" box="[265,471,1873,1902]" captionStart-0="Figure 93" captionStart-1="Figure 94" captionStartId-0="85.[96,176,1939,1963]" captionStartId-1="86.[96,175,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,165,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1537,165,1893]" captionTargetId-0="figure-52@85.[710,1139,617,1082]" captionTargetId-1="figure-27@86.[597,1064,581,1064]" captionTargetPageId-0="85" captionTargetPageId-1="86" captionText-0="Figure 93. Eight penultimate male Maratus trigonus. The dorsal opisthosoma is more boldly patterned than it is in females, with paired spots of light brown scales demarcated by dark lines." captionText-1="Figure 94. Six penultimate female Maratus trigonus. These resemble adult females." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172552" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172556" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172552/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172556/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figures 93-94</figureCitation>
). Penultimate males (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79720921FCF4F8F95CC0F8FD" box="[791,934,1873,1902]" captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="85.[96,176,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-52@85.[710,1139,617,1082]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figure 93. Eight penultimate male Maratus trigonus. The dorsal opisthosoma is more boldly patterned than it is in females, with paired spots of light brown scales demarcated by dark lines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172552/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figure 93</figureCitation>
) resemble adult females but have a more distinct pattern of large, paired white spots on the opisthosoma. Penultimate females (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79720921FA87F8DE5A95F800" box="[1380,1523,1910,1939]" captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="86.[96,175,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,165,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-27@86.[597,1064,581,1064]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figure 94. Six penultimate female Maratus trigonus. These resemble adult females." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172556/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figure 94</figureCitation>
) resemble adult females, with a wide marginal band of off-white scales around the opisthosoma.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF01661179730920FF83F83B5C26F858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172552/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" startId="85.[96,176,1939,1963]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1931]" targetPageId="85">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979730920FF83F83B5C26F858" blockId="85.[96,1533,1898,1995]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79730920FF83F83B5FBBF838" bold="true" box="[96,221,1939,1963]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figure 93.</emphasis>
Eight penultimate male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79730920FE1CF83A5DA7F838" box="[511,705,1938,1963]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79730920FE1CF83A5DA7F838" box="[511,705,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The dorsal opisthosoma is more boldly patterned than it is in females, with paired spots of light brown scales demarcated by dark lines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF01661179700923FF83F8C65B7FF815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172556" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172556" box="[96,1049,1901,1926]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172556/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" startId="86.[96,175,1902,1926]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1893]" targetPageId="86">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979700923FF83F8C65B7FF815" blockId="86.[96,1049,1860,1926]" box="[96,1049,1901,1926]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79700923FF83F8C65FBDF815" bold="true" box="[96,219,1902,1926]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figure 94.</emphasis>
Six penultimate female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79700923FE13F8C55DD6F815" box="[496,688,1901,1926]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79700923FE13F8C55DD6F815" box="[496,688,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These resemble adult females.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC1369979710922FF83FF045FBFFDD2" blockId="87.[96,1536,172,577]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79710922FF83FF045E2BFF59" box="[96,333,172,203]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Courtship display</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79710922FE85FF065D20FF59" box="[358,582,173,203]" captionStart-0="Figure 95" captionStart-1="Figure 96" captionStart-2="Figure 97" captionStart-3="Figure 98" captionStart-4="Figure 99" captionStart-5="Figure 100" captionStart-6="Figure 101" captionStart-7="Figure 102" captionStartId-0="87.[98,177,1977,2001]" captionStartId-1="88.[96,175,1927,1951]" captionStartId-2="89.[96,176,1955,1979]" captionStartId-3="90.[115,196,1886,1910]" captionStartId-4="91.[107,189,1917,1941]" captionStartId-5="92.[135,215,1911,1935]" captionStartId-6="93.[98,180,1939,1963]" captionStartId-7="94.[98,180,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,628,1966]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1537,165,1916]" captionTargetBox-2="[96,1537,165,1946]" captionTargetBox-3="[115,1517,165,1876]" captionTargetBox-4="[106,1527,165,1909]" captionTargetBox-5="[134,1498,165,1903]" captionTargetBox-6="[96,1537,165,1929]" captionTargetBox-7="[96,1537,165,1853]" captionTargetId-0="figure-209@87.[583,1016,1087,1500]" captionTargetId-1="figure-36@88.[627,1078,1008,1497]" captionTargetId-2="figure-58@89.[457,992,1035,1493]" captionTargetId-4="figure-93@91.[676,956,915,1158]" captionTargetId-6="figure-70@93.[674,957,923,1169]" captionTargetId-7="figure-70@94.[674,957,891,1128]" captionTargetPageId-0="87" captionTargetPageId-1="88" captionTargetPageId-2="89" captionTargetPageId-3="90" captionTargetPageId-4="91" captionTargetPageId-5="92" captionTargetPageId-6="93" captionTargetPageId-7="94" captionText-0="Figure 95. Courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus." captionText-1="Figure 96. Courtship display by five male Maratus trigonus. 11-13, This male was more brightly coloured." captionText-2="Figure 97. Courtship display by seven male Maratus trigonus. 4, Male (at left) encountering a female. 7, Side view of the single leg III display showing how the opisthosoma is rotated and twisted away from the moving leg III." captionText-3="Figure 98. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Legs III were lowered for about 0.25s, then quickly raised in ~0.04s (~3 cycles/s), as the fan was moved from side to side at a rate of ~5 cycles/s. This movement was continuous." captionText-4="Figure 99. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Legs III were lowered for about 0.25s, then quickly raised in ~0.12s (~3 cycles/s), as the fan was moved from side to side at a rate of ~5 cycles/s." captionText-5="Figure 100. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Legs III were lowered for about 0.25s, then quickly raised" captionText-6="Figure 101. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Leg RIII was continuously waved up and down at ~6.2 cycles/s." captionText-7="Figure 102. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Leg RIII was continuously waved up and down at ~7.8 cycles/s." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172560" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172562" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172568" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172572" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172576" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172582" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172584" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172588" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172560/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172562/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7172568/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7172572/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7172576/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7172582/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7172584/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7172588/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figures 95-102</figureCitation>
). The male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79710922FCE7FF045C94FF59" box="[772,1010,172,202]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79710922FCE7FF045C94FF59" box="[772,1010,172,202]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may alternate between two distinct displays. In the first display (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79710922FE1EFF7B5DB3FF63" box="[509,725,211,240]" captionStart-0="Figure 98" captionStart-1="Figure 99" captionStart-2="Figure 100" captionStartId-0="90.[115,196,1886,1910]" captionStartId-1="91.[107,189,1917,1941]" captionStartId-2="92.[135,215,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox-0="[115,1517,165,1876]" captionTargetBox-1="[106,1527,165,1909]" captionTargetBox-2="[134,1498,165,1903]" captionTargetId-1="figure-93@91.[676,956,915,1158]" captionTargetPageId-0="90" captionTargetPageId-1="91" captionTargetPageId-2="92" captionText-0="Figure 98. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Legs III were lowered for about 0.25s, then quickly raised in ~0.04s (~3 cycles/s), as the fan was moved from side to side at a rate of ~5 cycles/s. This movement was continuous." captionText-1="Figure 99. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Legs III were lowered for about 0.25s, then quickly raised in ~0.12s (~3 cycles/s), as the fan was moved from side to side at a rate of ~5 cycles/s." captionText-2="Figure 100. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Legs III were lowered for about 0.25s, then quickly raised" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172572" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172576" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172582" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172572/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172576/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7172582/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figures 98-100</figureCitation>
) both legs
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79710922FC93FF7C5CF6FF63" box="[880,912,212,240]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">III</collectionCode>
are waved up and down as the fan is waved from side to side. Movement during this display is continuous.
<materialsCitation id="3B163CC479710922FC3EFF515DF7FEF3" collectionCode="III" latitude="-0.12" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1">
At ~3 cycles/s legs
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79710922FB0CFF515A69FE86" box="[1263,1295,249,277]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">III</collectionCode>
are first lowered more slowly (in ~0.25-
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A505E79710922FE4BFEB65E90FEA8" box="[424,502,286,315]" degrees="0.35" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" precision="555" value="-0.35">0.35s</geoCoordinate>
), then raised more quickly (in ~0.04-
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A505E79710922FBEFFEB65B3DFEA8" box="[1036,1115,286,315]" degrees="0.12" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" precision="555" value="-0.12">0.12s</geoCoordinate>
), as the fan is rapidly rotated from side to side at a rate of ~5 cycles/s
</materialsCitation>
. This display always precedes physical contact and subsequent mating. The second display (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79710922FE0AFEC15DB6FE15" box="[489,720,361,390]" captionStart-0="Figure 101" captionStart-1="Figure 102" captionStartId-0="93.[98,180,1939,1963]" captionStartId-1="94.[98,180,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1537,165,1929]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1537,165,1853]" captionTargetId-0="figure-70@93.[674,957,923,1169]" captionTargetId-1="figure-70@94.[674,957,891,1128]" captionTargetPageId-0="93" captionTargetPageId-1="94" captionText-0="Figure 101. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Leg RIII was continuously waved up and down at ~6.2 cycles/s." captionText-1="Figure 102. Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male Maratus trigonus. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Leg RIII was continuously waved up and down at ~7.8 cycles/s." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172584" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172588" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172584/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172588/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figures 101-102</figureCitation>
) is quite different. In this display the fan is tilted to face the watching female and held in place as a single leg
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79710922FCE7FE275C42FE38" box="[772,804,399,427]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">III</collectionCode>
is raised and rapidly waved up and down at a rate of ~6.2-7.8 cycles/s. In this display the extreme flexibility of the pedicel of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79710922FBABFE1B5BB9FE42" box="[1096,1247,435,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79710922FBABFE1B5BB9FE42" box="[1096,1247,435,465]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is evident, as the fan is not only extended, raised and elevated, but it is also rotated and twisted away from (contralateral to) the leg
<collectionCode id="ED6FAE5C79710922FF27FDA85F85FD8F" box="[196,227,512,540]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">III</collectionCode>
that is raised and waved. The twisted (S-shaped) pedicel during this display is shown in
<figureCitation id="13452A1C79710922FA45FE575FE4FDD2" captionStart="Figure 81. 1-3" captionStartId="75.[138,219,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[134,1497,1127,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-90@75.[602,1148,1524,1941]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 81. 1-3, Venter of three adult male M. trigonus. 4, 6-7, ventral (or posterior) view of elevated fan during courtship display. The inset rectangle in (4) is enlarged in (7) to highlight the S-curve of the pedicel. 5, Lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172502/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figure 81</figureCitation>
:4,6-7.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF01661179710922FF81F8115D8BF842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172560" box="[98,749,1976,2001]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172560/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" startId="87.[98,177,1977,2001]" targetBox="[96,1536,628,1966]" targetPageId="87">
<paragraph id="8BC1369979710922FF81F8115D8BF842" blockId="87.[98,1117,1936,2001]" box="[98,749,1976,2001]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79710922FF81F8115FBBF842" bold="true" box="[98,221,1977,2001]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figure 95.</emphasis>
Courtship display by a male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A79710922FDCBF8105D8EF842" box="[552,744,1976,2001]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B79710922FDCBF8105D8EF842" box="[552,744,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611797E092DFF83F82F5A47F80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172562" box="[96,1313,1926,1951]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172562/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[96,175,1927,1951]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1916]" targetPageId="88">
<paragraph id="8BC13699797E092DFF83F82F5A47F80C" blockId="88.[96,1313,1885,1951]" box="[96,1313,1926,1951]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797E092DFF83F82F5FBDF80C" bold="true" box="[96,219,1927,1951]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figure 96.</emphasis>
Courtship display by five male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A797E092DFDA1F82E5C64F80C" box="[578,770,1926,1951]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797E092DFDA1F82E5C64F80C" box="[578,770,1926,1951]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797E092DFCF7F82F5C05F80C" bold="true" box="[788,867,1927,1951]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">11-13,</emphasis>
This male was more brightly coloured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611797F092CFF83F80B5B89F849" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172568/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" startId="89.[96,176,1955,1979]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1946]" targetPageId="89">
<paragraph id="8BC13699797F092CFF83F80B5B89F849" blockId="89.[96,1535,1916,2011]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797F092CFF83F80B5FB8F828" bold="true" box="[96,222,1955,1979]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figure 97.</emphasis>
Courtship display by seven male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A797F092CFD92F80A5C52F828" box="[625,820,1954,1979]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797F092CFD92F80A5C52F828" box="[625,820,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797F092CFCAFF80B5C07F828" bold="true" box="[844,865,1955,1979]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">4,</emphasis>
Male (at left) encountering a female.
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797F092CFAC6F80B5A5DF828" bold="true" box="[1317,1339,1955,1979]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">7,</emphasis>
Side view of the single leg III display showing how the opisthosoma is rotated and twisted away from the moving leg III.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611797C092FFF90F8F65ACEF826" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172572/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" startId="90.[115,196,1886,1910]" targetBox="[115,1517,165,1876]" targetPageId="90">
<paragraph id="8BC13699797C092FFF90F8F65ACEF826" blockId="90.[115,1518,1885,1973]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797C092FFF90F8F65F95F8E5" bold="true" box="[115,243,1886,1910]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Figure 98.</emphasis>
Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A797C092FFBB5F8F55A7CF8E5" box="[1110,1306,1885,1910]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797C092FFBB5F8F55A7CF8E5" box="[1110,1306,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Legs III were lowered for about 0.25s, then quickly raised in ~0.04s (~3 cycles/s), as the fan was moved from side to side at a rate of ~5 cycles/s. This movement was continuous.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611797D092EFF88F8D55B41F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172576/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" startId="91.[107,189,1917,1941]" targetBox="[106,1527,165,1909]" targetPageId="91">
<paragraph id="8BC13699797D092EFF88F8D55B41F847" blockId="91.[107,1528,1886,2004]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797D092EFF88F8D55F8AF806" bold="true" box="[107,236,1917,1941]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figure 99.</emphasis>
Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A797D092EFBBFF8D45A47F806" box="[1116,1313,1916,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797D092EFBBFF8D45A47F806" box="[1116,1313,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Legs III were lowered for about 0.25s, then quickly raised in ~0.12s (~3 cycles/s), as the fan was moved from side to side at a rate of ~5 cycles/s.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF016611797A0929FF64F8DF5ABEF83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172582/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" startId="92.[135,215,1911,1935]" targetBox="[134,1498,165,1903]" targetPageId="92">
<paragraph id="8BC13699797A0929FF64F8DF5ABEF83C" blockId="92.[135,1498,1910,1998]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797A0929FF64F8DF5E75F81C" bold="true" box="[135,275,1911,1935]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figure 100.</emphasis>
Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A797A0929FBAFF8DE5A68F81C" box="[1100,1294,1910,1935]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797A0929FBAFF8DE5A68F81C" box="[1100,1294,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Legs III were lowered for about 0.25s, then quickly raised
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC13699797A0929FF64F81E5B39F85D" blockId="92.[135,1498,1910,1998]" box="[135,1119,1974,1998]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
in ~
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A505E797A0929FF51F81E5F95F85D" box="[178,243,1974,1998]" degrees="0.08" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" precision="555" value="-0.08">0.08s</geoCoordinate>
(~3 cycles/s), as the fan was moved from side to side at a rate of ~5 cycles/s.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF016611797B0928FF81F83B5A84F858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172584/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" startId="93.[98,180,1939,1963]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1929]" targetPageId="93">
<paragraph id="8BC13699797B0928FF81F83B5A84F858" blockId="93.[98,1536,1938,1995]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797B0928FF81F83B5F94F838" bold="true" box="[98,242,1939,1963]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figure 101.</emphasis>
Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A797B0928FB80F83A5A4FF838" box="[1123,1321,1938,1963]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B797B0928FB80F83A5A4FF838" box="[1123,1321,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Leg RIII was continuously waved up and down at ~6.2 cycles/s.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0166117978092BFF81F8E05A84F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172588/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" startId="94.[98,180,1864,1888]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1853]" targetPageId="94">
<paragraph id="8BC136997978092BFF81F8E05A84F813" blockId="94.[98,1536,1829,1920]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7978092BFF81F8E05F94F8F3" bold="true" box="[98,242,1864,1888]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figure 102.</emphasis>
Sequential frames from a 25 FPS video of courtship display by a male
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A7978092BFB80F8EF5A4FF8F3" box="[1123,1321,1863,1888]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7978092BFB80F8EF5A4FF8F3" box="[1123,1321,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Arrows indicate movement of the fan and legs relative to the previous frame. Leg RIII was continuously waved up and down at ~7.8 cycles/s.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC136997979092AFF83FF045FCEFF63" blockId="95.[96,1535,172,240]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7979092AFF83FF045FA6FF59" box="[96,192,172,202]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Mating</emphasis>
. As in other
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A7979092AFE94FF045E81FF59" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[375,487,172,202]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7979092AFE94FF045E81FF59" box="[375,487,172,202]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Maratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A7979092AFDBAFF045D97FF59" box="[601,753,172,202]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7979092AFDBAFF045D97FF59" box="[601,753,172,202]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rotate their opisthosoma by ~180° when mating (
<figureCitation id="13452A1C7979092AFA47FF065FFEFF63" captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="95.[96,175,862,886]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,292,853]" captionTargetId="figure-115@95.[568,1033,293,853]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 103. Two mating pairs of M. trigonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172592/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figure 103</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0166117979092AFF83FCF65D04FCE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172592" box="[96,610,861,886]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172592/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" startId="95.[96,175,862,886]" targetBox="[96,1536,292,853]" targetPageId="95">
<paragraph id="8BC136997979092AFF83FCF65D04FCE5" blockId="95.[96,1071,820,886]" box="[96,610,861,886]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7979092AFF83FCF65F8DFCE5" bold="true" box="[96,235,862,886]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figure 103.</emphasis>
Two mating pairs of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A7979092AFE3CFCF55D3AFCE5" box="[479,604,861,886]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7979092AFE3CFCF55D3AFCE5" box="[479,604,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">M. trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC136997979092AFF83FC0B5BECFC74" blockId="95.[96,1534,931,999]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7979092AFF83FC0B5FA0FC52" box="[96,198,931,961]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Habitat</emphasis>
. The locality where
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D1A7979092AFE1AFC0B5D82FC52" box="[505,740,931,961]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="B90AEA8B7979092AFE1AFC0B5D82FC52" box="[505,740,931,961]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Maratus trigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found at Mt. Lindesay is shown in
<figureCitation id="13452A1C7979092AFAC2FC0D5AD8FC51" box="[1313,1470,933,962]" captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="95.[96,175,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,1054,1918]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 104. Rocky habitat of M. trigonus at Mt. Lindesay in Western Australia. 1, Mt. Lindesay. 2, Summit of Mt. Lindesay. 3, Plateau at the summit with sculpted boulders. 4, Path leaving the summit area. Most M. trigonus were found along this path." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172596/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Figure 104</figureCitation>
. All spiders were found close to the summit among small shrubs or on the ground.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>