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:— 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FE8B3B5AEE0778C5" bold="true" box="[310,383,625,652]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">Plants</emphasis>
andromonoecious, saxicolous, long caulescent usually by the successive growth of a single apical shoot, stems 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FED53BBEEE9F78E6" box="[360,487,661,687]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="89.0" valueMax="160.0" valueMin="18.0">18–160 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FD8C3BBEEDC878E6" box="[561,688,661,687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.8 cm</quantity>
in diameter, rigid, erect to prostrate, propagation by a single shoot at the base of the inflorescence and by few shoots along the stem, rhizomes not detected. 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FB363B93EBA2789B" bold="true" box="[1163,1242,696,722]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">Leaves</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FB5E3B93EA3F789B" box="[1251,1351,696,722]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0032999999999999" metricValueMax="1.2446" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="39.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="30.0">30–49 in</quantity>
number, equally arranged along the stem, strongly coriaceous; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FD443BF1EC3D78BC" bold="true" box="[761,837,730,757]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">sheath</emphasis>
suborbicular to reniform-trapeziform, 2.8–3.5 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FAC73BF0EFBD7950" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="5.2" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.4">4.4– 6 cm</quantity>
, yellowish and glabrous near the base, green or reddish and densely cinereous lepidote toward the base and mainly abaxially strongly corrugate, persisting on the older part of the stem, densely spinose distally; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FB443A09EA477972" box="[1273,1343,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">spines</emphasis>
narrowly triangular, 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FEBC3A6FEE0B7916" box="[257,371,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FE043A6EED537916" box="[441,555,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.2">0.2–3 mm</quantity>
apart, straight, antrorse or retrorse, densely white lepidote; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FB793A6FEA7A7916" bold="true" box="[1220,1282,836,863]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">blade</emphasis>
17–57 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FAD13A6EEFD579CB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="4.0">4–4.7 cm</quantity>
, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, suberect to spreading or reflexed (mainly at anthesis), green or reddish-castaneous when fully exposed to sun, abaxial surface completely covered by a dense layer of cinereous trichomes obscuring the blade color, adaxial surface densely lepidote by cinereous trichomes obscuring to not at all obscuring the blade color, becoming partially glabrescent with age, margins straight to slightly undulate, densely spinose near the base to laxly spinulose toward the apex; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FCB23ADEEC2F7E46" bold="true" box="[783,855,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">spines</emphasis>
triangular, 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FC653ADFEB327E46" box="[984,1098,1012,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FB2C3ADEEB857E46" box="[1169,1277,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="2.0">2–14 mm</quantity>
apart, antrorse. 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FF353D3CEE5D7E7B" bold="true" box="[136,293,1047,1074]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">Inflorescence</emphasis>
compound, sessile, corymbose or a compact glomerulate spike, 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FC513D33EB467E7B" box="[1004,1086,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 cm</quantity>
long (petals not included), 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FAD13D33EFD27E1F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.0">4–4.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter, with perfect and staminate flowers in the lateral fascicles, bearing a distinct apical-central simple head of 19–25 staminate flowers; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FDB13D75EDCF7E30" bold="true" box="[524,695,1118,1145]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">primary bracts</emphasis>
foliaceous or subfoliaceous, the basal ones many times exceeding the fascicles, the upper ones abruptly reduced in size, slightly exceeding the fascicles, narrowly triangular, green or becoming rose to vinaceous at anthesis, forming an inconspicuous colorful ring around the inflorescence in contrast with the prevailingly cinereous-green color of its distal portion, both surfaces densely cinereous lepidote, margins straight to undulate, densely spinose near the base to laxly spinulose toward the apex; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FBD83DC0EBD57F4C" box="[1125,1197,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FBD83DC0EBDA7F4C" bold="true" box="[1125,1186,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">spine</emphasis>
s
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FB0B3DC0EA527F4F" box="[1206,1322,1259,1286]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FACE3DC0EFCC7F60" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="1.0">1–10 mm</quantity>
apart, antrorse; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FED43C25EEB37F60" bold="true" box="[361,459,1294,1321]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">fascicles</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FE6C3C25ED607F61" box="[465,536,1294,1321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 in</quantity>
number, with 2–7 perfect and/or staminate flowers, complanate, flabellate, 40–45 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FF1F3C1AEE667F05" box="[162,286,1329,1356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 mm</quantity>
(petals excluded), subsessile to shortly stipitate, with 2–4 lateral sterile bracts; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FB003C1AEB8A7F02" bold="true" box="[1213,1266,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">stipe</emphasis>
subcomplanate, 5–6 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FF6A3C7FEE427F26" box="[215,314,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FEF53C7FEE997F26" bold="true" box="[328,481,1364,1391]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">Floral bracts</emphasis>
sublinear to narrowly triangular-lanceolate, cymbiform, densely and coarsely white lepidote toward the apex, hyaline to greenish-white near the base and green to rose toward the apex, margins entire or inconspicuously and sparsely denticulate, those in the fascicles 20–34 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FC5C3CB0EB377FFF" box="[993,1103,1435,1462]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="5.0">5–13 mm</quantity>
, strongly carinate to ecarinate, apex acute, those in the staminate flowers of the apical/simple part of the inflorescence 20–27 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FB643C95EA417F90" box="[1241,1337,1470,1497]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
, ecarinate to obtusely carinate, apex acuminate. 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FD803CCAEDE27FB5" bold="true" box="[573,666,1505,1532]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">Flowers</emphasis>
sessile, diurnal, fragrance not detected, the perfect ones 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FA8D3CCAEAD47FB5" box="[1328,1452,1505,1532]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="48.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="45.0">45–52 mm</quantity>
long (including the petals), the staminate ones 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FD173F2EEC5E7C56" box="[682,806,1541,1567]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="30.0">30–48 mm</quantity>
long (including the petals); 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FBCE3F2FEBC17C56" bold="true" box="[1139,1209,1540,1567]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">sepals</emphasis>
narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, thin in texture, carinate to obtusely carinate, whitish near the base, green to rose toward the apex, densely and coarsely white lepidote with brown-centered trichomes, obscuring the sepal color at the apex, entire, those of the perfect flowers 21–22.2 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FE163F45ED717CC0" box="[427,521,1646,1673]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
, connate at the base for (2.4-) 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FCEE3F45ECC97CC0" box="[851,945,1646,1673]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
, those of the staminate flowers 16–22.2 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FA3C3F45EFCE7CE5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
, connate at the base for 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FE793FBAED5C7CE5" box="[452,548,1681,1708]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FD8D3FBAED0B7CE5" bold="true" box="[560,627,1681,1708]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">petals</emphasis>
narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, rounded to slightly emarginate, free or connate for less the 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FED73F9EEED37C86" box="[362,427,1717,1743]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
(subfree), erect except for the suberect apex, forming a prevailingly tubular corolla, 20–26 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FF1C3FF3EE7A7CBB" box="[161,258,1752,1778]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
, bearing well developed appendages as well as 2 conspicuous longitudinal callosities about reaching the midpoint of the filaments; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FE0D3FD1ED4F7D5C" bold="true" box="[432,567,1786,1813]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">appendages</emphasis>
scutelliform with tendency to cupuliform, thick, 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FBE43FD0EBCD7D5F" box="[1113,1205,1787,1814]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
above the base, upper and lower margin inconspicuously and irregularly scalloped, not glandulose; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FC5F3E34EB477D70" bold="true" box="[994,1087,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">stamens</emphasis>
included, partially visible inside the corolla at anthesis; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FE2F3E6AEE8A7D15" bold="true" box="[402,498,1857,1884]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">filament</emphasis>
white, terete, unequal, 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FCBD3E69EC027D15" box="[768,890,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="11.0">11–18 mm</quantity>
long, the antesepalous ones free, longer than the antepetalous ones, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for 
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FCEE3E4EECCB7D36" box="[851,947,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FC033E4FEB727D36" bold="true" box="[958,1034,1892,1919]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">anther</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FBAD3E4FEBFA7D36" box="[1040,1154,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 mm</quantity>
long, base deeply bilobed, apex obtuse and inconspicuously apiculate, fixed at the base of the connective between the basal lobes (basifixed), not laterally compressed at anthesis, dehiscence introrse; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FCA13E81EC1C7D8C" bold="true" box="[796,868,1962,1989]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">pollen</emphasis>
sulcate, spherical, 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FBFC3E87EB237D8C" box="[1089,1115,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">ca</emphasis>
. 55 µm, reticulate, reticulum with slightly flat muri and broad lumina decreasing in size towards the sulcus margins especially towards the apices, sulcus broad, without distinct margins, covered with exine elements partially forming a net. 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A110FF89FB213EDAEBAC7245" bold="true" box="[1180,1236,2033,2060]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="159">Style</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C819B12A110FF89FB613EDAEA137245" box="[1244,1387,2033,2060]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.275" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="22.75" valueMax="25.5" valueMin="20.0">20–25.5 mm</quantity>
long, completely reduced in straminate flowers; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FDC939B5EDB87AF1" bold="true" box="[628,704,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">stigma</emphasis>
simple-erect with tendency to simple-patent, white, lobes longer than broad, elliptic or narrowly obovate in outline, suberect, 2–2.2 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A12FFFB6FC3739E9ECB47A95" box="[906,972,194,220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, navicular, V-shaped with a central furrow, bearing regular and fine transversal grooves from the middle toward the margins and with a slightly undulate surface, margins inconspicuously crenulate, with sparse and irregular long filamentous white trichomes. 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FB543823EA577B6B" bold="true" box="[1257,1327,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Ovary</emphasis>
trigonous, white, glabrous to inconspicuously and sparsely white lepidote with fimbriate trichomes, in the perfect flowers 15–19 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A12FFFB6FF1D3865EE6D7B20" box="[160,277,334,361]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="7.1" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="6.0">6–8.2 mm</quantity>
, ovoid, in the staminate flowers 10–16 × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A12FFFB6FD503865EC347B20" box="[749,844,334,361]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
, cylindrical; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FC5D3865EBF77B20" bold="true" box="[992,1167,334,361]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">epigynous tube</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C819B12A12FFFB6FB2A3865EB8F7B20" box="[1175,1271,334,361]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
, narrow; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FADF3865EAD37B20" bold="true" box="[1378,1451,334,361]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">ovules</emphasis>
obtuse, 18–25 per locule in perfect flowers, fewer in number to absent in the staminate flowers; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FB77385AEA217BC5" bold="true" box="[1226,1369,369,396]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">placentation</emphasis>
apical. 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FF3538BFEFA87BE7" bold="true" box="[136,208,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Fruits</emphasis>
18–25 × 7–8 (–9.2) mm, narrowly obovate to ellipsoid, trigonous, glabrous to inconspicuously white lepidote, white except the greenish or reddish-green distal portion, sepals in fruit persistent, stramineous, the distal portion often decaying, remnants 6–7 times shorter than the fruit length; 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FCAD38F1EC357BBC" bold="true" box="[784,845,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">seeds</emphasis>
10–20 per fruit, 2–3.5 (–4) × 
<quantity id="4C819B12A12FFFB6FB2C38F0EA7C7BBF" box="[1169,1284,475,502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 mm</quantity>
, asymmetrical, subquadrate, subreniform or subtrapeziform, pale brown when mature, distinctly striate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C363657CA12FFFB6FF003B0AEB5E7FC0" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC636F7A12FFFB6FF003B0AEF9E79F6" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1703]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FF003B0AEE937872" bold="true" box="[189,491,545,572]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FDB33B0AEC6C7872" authorityName="Leme, Zizka, E. H. Souza &amp; Paule" baseAuthorityName="D. M. C. Ferreira &amp; Louzada, Systematic Botany" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[526,788,545,571]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Siqueiranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FDB33B0AEC6C7872" box="[526,788,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Siqueiranthus cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the 
<typeStatus id="54C28855A12FFFB6FBFB3B09EB0E7875" box="[1094,1142,546,572]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
population, as a saxicole, growing at the top of a granitic outcrop in the Atlantic Forest domain in the municipality of Ibateguara, 
<collectingRegion id="49BDF815A12FFFB6FAED3B6EEFC678CB" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Alagoas state</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667A12FFFB6FF773B43EE7678CB" box="[202,270,616,642]" name="Brazil" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(fig. 11.). The area is part of a small but rich fragment of vegetation located inside farms and isolated by surrounding pasturelands (fig. 11 F). It is accessible to horses, cows, and other domestic animals, which were seen eating leaves and inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FDAF3B84EDF37881" authorityName="Leme, Zizka, E. H. Souza &amp; Paule" baseAuthorityName="D. M. C. Ferreira &amp; Louzada, Systematic Botany" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[530,651,687,713]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Siqueiranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FDAF3B84EDF37881" box="[530,651,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">S. cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, certainly causing an important impact on the reproduction and survival of its tiny population. Probably, this fragment will be destroyed in the coming years and completely occupied by pasturelands, despite its rich bromeliad community composed by endemic and even endangered species, like 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FAF83BDEECF6797A" authority="Siqueira &amp; Leme (Leme &amp; Siqueira-Filho, 2006: 205)" authorityName="Siqueira &amp; Leme (Leme &amp; Siqueira-Filho" authorityYear="2006" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Aechmea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catendensis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FAF83BDEEE73797B" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Aechmea catendensis</emphasis>
Siqueira &amp; Leme (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06A12FFFB6FE503A33ECFF797A" author="Leme, E. M. C. &amp; Siqueira-Filho, J. A." box="[493,903,792,819]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" pagination="190 - 381" refId="ref26708" refString="Leme, E. M. C. &amp; Siqueira-Filho, J. A. (2006) Taxonomia das bromelias dos fragmentos de Mata Atlantica de Pernambuco e Alagoas. In: Siqueira-Filho, J. A. &amp; Leme, E. M. C. (Eds.) Fragmentos de Mata Atlantica do nordeste, biodiversidade, conservacao e suas bromelias. Andrea Jakobsson Estudio, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 190 - 381." type="book chapter" year="2006">Leme &amp; Siqueira-Filho, 2006: 205</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FC233A33EFC3791C" authority="(Mez, 1916: 245) Smith (1970: 281)" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="281" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Mez" baseAuthorityPageNumber="245" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Aechmea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costantinii">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FC233A33EB4F797B" box="[926,1079,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">A. costantinii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06A12FFFB6FBFB3A33EA79797A" author="Mez, C." box="[1094,1281,792,819]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" pagination="241 - 256" refId="ref27443" refString="Mez, C. (1916) Additamenta monographica 1916. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 14: 241 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19160141603" type="journal article" year="1916">Mez, 1916: 245</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06A12FFFB6FAA93A33EFC3791C" author="Smith, L. B." pageId="32" pageNumber="160" pagination="281 - 290" refId="ref28794" refString="Smith, L. B. (1970) Notes on Bromeliaceae, XXX. Phytologia 19: 281 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 14773" type="journal article" year="1970">Smith (1970: 281)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FF743A10ECED791C" authority="(Harms, 1929 a: 786) Leme &amp; Siqueira (2006: 213)" authorityName="Leme &amp; Siqueira" authorityPageNumber="213" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Harms" baseAuthorityPageNumber="786" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[201,917,827,854]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Aechmea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptantha">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FF743A10EE2A791C" box="[201,338,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">A. leptantha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06A12FFFB6FEDD3A10ED42791F" author="Harms, H." box="[352,570,827,854]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" pagination="573 - 582" refId="ref25545" refString="Harms, H. (1929 a) Bromeliaceae novae II. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 10: 573 - 582. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994782" type="journal article" year="1929">Harms, 1929a: 786</bibRefCitation>
) Leme &amp; Siqueira (2006: 213)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FC1C3A10EEA57931" authority="Siqueira &amp; Leme (Leme &amp; Siqueira, 2006: 243)" authorityName="Siqueira &amp; Leme (Leme &amp; Siqueira" authorityYear="2006" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Aechmea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nudicaulis" variety="nordestina">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FC1C3A10EB4D791C" box="[929,1077,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">A. nudicaulis</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FBD03A10EB9C791C" box="[1133,1252,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">nordestina</emphasis>
Siqueira &amp; Leme (Leme &amp; Siqueira, 2006: 243)
</taxonomicName>
, besides several tillandsioid species, to name a few. The investigation performed in the ecologically similar hills around the 
<typeStatus id="54C28855A12FFFB6FD983AA9ED2D79D5" box="[549,597,898,924]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
locality did not reveal any subpopulation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FBEC3AA9EBB379D2" authorityName="Leme, Zizka, E. H. Souza &amp; Paule" baseAuthorityName="D. M. C. Ferreira &amp; Louzada, Systematic Botany" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1105,1227,898,924]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Siqueiranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FBEC3AA9EBB379D2" box="[1105,1227,898,924]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">S. cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J.A. Siqueira pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636F7A12FFFB6FF003AE3ED1C7EFC" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1703]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">
The studied population at the 
<typeStatus id="54C28855A12FFFB6FDA63AE3ED3379AB" box="[539,587,968,994]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
locality ‒ the only known one ‒ is limited in the number of plants, being composed by approximately 800 individuals in different stage of development, most of them wih mature size. Seedlings were not observed at the spot. The most part of the population is partially or completely shaded by shrubs and short trees of 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FF5F3D1AEEDF7E02" box="[226,423,1073,1099]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FE0E3D1AED577E02" box="[435,559,1073,1099]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FD873D19EDCB7E05" box="[570,691,1074,1100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FD033D1AEC4E7E02" box="[702,822,1073,1099]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FCD33D19EC947E05" box="[878,1004,1074,1100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
, being intermingled with them. Without a strong enough root system to support the upright growth of the long-caulescent plants, 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FBD63D7EEB9D7E27" authorityName="Leme, Zizka, E. H. Souza &amp; Paule" baseAuthorityName="D. M. C. Ferreira &amp; Louzada, Systematic Botany" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1131,1253,1109,1135]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Siqueiranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FBD63D7EEB9D7E27" box="[1131,1253,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">S. cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grow propped up by the surrounding bushes (fig. 11 D). At the periphery of the vegetation island, the leaves of some individuals of 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FA2B3D53EF957EFC" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FA2B3D53EF917EFC" authorityName="Leme, Zizka, E. H. Souza &amp; Paule" baseAuthorityName="D. M. C. Ferreira &amp; Louzada, Systematic Botany" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Siqueiranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinereus">S. cinereus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
exposed to full sun, turn reddish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636F7A12FFFB6FF003D95EB5E7FC0" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1703]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">
Plotting the known occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FDFD3D94EDC37E91" authorityName="Leme, Zizka, E. H. Souza &amp; Paule" baseAuthorityName="D. M. C. Ferreira &amp; Louzada, Systematic Botany" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[576,699,1215,1241]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Siqueiranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FDFD3D94EDC37E91" box="[576,699,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">S. cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Geocat software (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06A12FFFB6FC153D95EBE17E91" author="Bachman, S. &amp; Moat, J. &amp; Hill, A. W. &amp; Torre, J. &amp; Scott, B." box="[936,1177,1214,1241]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" pagination="117 - 126" refId="ref24142" refString="Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A. W., Torre, J. &amp; Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: Smith, V. &amp; Penev, L. (Eds.) e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. ZooKeys 150: 117 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 150.2109" type="journal article" year="2011">
Bachman 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FBA13D94EB377E91" box="[1052,1103,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
), the obtained estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 
<quantity id="4C819B12A12FFFB6FE623DCAED337EB7" box="[479,587,1249,1278]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" unit="km" value="0.051">0.051 km</quantity>
², and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 
<quantity id="4C819B12A12FFFB6FC443DC9EB4C7EB7" box="[1017,1076,1250,1278]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
², placing the species in the IUCN concept of being a critically endangered (CR) species. When its small area of occurrence is associated to the highly negative human pressure mentioned above, that affects 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FCBD3C03EC037F0B" authorityName="Leme, Zizka, E. H. Souza &amp; Paule" baseAuthorityName="D. M. C. Ferreira &amp; Louzada, Systematic Botany" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[768,891,1320,1346]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Siqueiranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FCBD3C03EC037F0B" box="[768,891,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">S. cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, according to the criteria B1 [ab (i, ii, iii)] of the 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06A12FFFB6FF353C60EE5A7F2C" author="IUCN" box="[136,290,1355,1381]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" refId="ref25668" refString="IUCN (2020) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020 [online]. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (Accessed 4 October 2021)." type="url" year="2020">IUCN (2020)</bibRefCitation>
its critically endangered (CR) status is reiterated. So, the 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FC723C67EB6F7F2C" box="[975,1047,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">in-situ</emphasis>
survival of this unusual species is uncertain, recommending extra conservation efforts to keep it alive at least 
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FC693C44EB677FC1" box="[980,1055,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">ex-situ</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C363657CA12FFFB6FF003CB9ED8A7CEE" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC636F7A12FFFB6FF003CB9EE117F86" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1703]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FF003CB9EE467FE5" bold="true" box="[189,318,1426,1452]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The epithet of this species name is a clear reference to the dense cinereous coverage of trichomes that characterizes it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636F7A12FFFB6FF003CF3ED8A7CEE" blockId="32.[136,1452,158,1703]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FF003CF3EEBB7FBA" bold="true" box="[189,451,1496,1523]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Distinctive characters</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FE5B3CF2ED907FBB" authorityName="Leme, Zizka, E. H. Souza &amp; Paule" baseAuthorityName="D. M. C. Ferreira &amp; Louzada, Systematic Botany" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[486,744,1497,1523]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Siqueiranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FE5B3CF2ED907FBB" box="[486,744,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Siqueiranthus cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a unique species without close relationship with any known species of the “Cryptanthoid complex” in general or specifically from the region north of São Francisco river where it lives. Its uniqueness was highlighted in the protologue concerning leaf blade width and dense layer of cinereous trichomes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06A12FFFB6FEB43F6EED417C16" author="Ferreira, D. M. C. &amp; Louzada, R. B." box="[265,569,1605,1631]" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" pagination="460 - 465" refId="ref25071" refString="Ferreira, D. M. C. &amp; Louzada, R. B. (2020) A new species of Cryptanthus (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest north of the Sao Francisco River, and its contribution to the taxonomy of the genus. Systematic Botany 45: 460 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364420 X 15935294613491" type="journal article" year="2020">Ferreira &amp; Louzada 2020</bibRefCitation>
), and it was then associated to the endemic 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FBF63F6EED5B7CCA" authority="Siqueira &amp; Leme (Leme &amp; Siqueira 2006: 285)" authorityName="Siqueira &amp; Leme (Leme &amp; Siqueira" authorityYear="2006" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Cryptanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felixii">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FBF63F6EEA597C16" box="[1099,1313,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Cryptanthus felixii</emphasis>
Siqueira &amp; Leme (Leme &amp; Siqueira 2006: 285)
</taxonomicName>
, which is morphologically and phylogenetically not related to it. Differences to 
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74A12FFFB6FF353FA6EE6A7CEE" authorityName="Otto &amp; Dietrich" authorityYear="1836" box="[136,274,1677,1703]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Cryptanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5A12FFFB6FF353FA6EE6A7CEE" box="[136,274,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="160">Cryptanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are indicated in the respective item above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>