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<document id="3AC3492F11EBA0889EE7754FDC8BE71E" ID-CLB-Dataset="32562" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4300.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c148623-3bb1-462f-aa68-4389bfa32e67" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="838519" ID-ZooBank="EE5688F1-3235-486C-B981-CBABE462E8A2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1501749260145" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trevisan, Bruna &amp; Marques, Fernando P. L." docDate="2017" docId="03D087A8FFBFFFFCACE357EEFE45F87C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4300.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4300 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinebothrium reydai Trevisan &amp; Marques 2017, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="7CF130AA-DCE7-4C07-9583-2415C96D2708" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="429" masterDocId="FFE9FFD0FFB7FFF6AC745779FFB9FFDE" masterDocTitle="Species diversity of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from Styracura (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), including the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="437" masterPageNumber="421" pageNumber="429" updateTime="1698466180038" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C6CAB2BCE44FC4BA4D4CB8F3B3BC9263">Species diversity of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from Styracura (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), including the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96AD1780E0CD360775D7708FC9101B18">Trevisan, Bruna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A6FC8FDEC10DCF7A8F38897C65B70438">Marques, Fernando P. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1DA53FB6FECC04FB763A3C864C2C81D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1401E9251C27A2CB44E3C351E3E6A3E2">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="8A3984F7F3430BF4D95C98C8FA4D1D0F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4300.3.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6C0EF03971582EC75D50567E385A4E17" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D087A8FFBFFFFCACE357EEFE45F87C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052033" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132630425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052033" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7CF130AA-DCE7-4C07-9583-2415C96D2708" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A8FFBFFFFCACE357EEFE45F87C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFBFFFFEACE357EEFEA8FF0D" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACE357EEFBE9FF6C" blockId="8.[151,1104,151,211]" box="[151,1104,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<heading id="D08E81D2FFBFFFFEACE357EEFBE9FF6C" bold="true" box="[151,1104,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACE357EEFBE9FF6C" bold="true" box="[151,1104,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEACE357EEFE1AFF6F" authority="Trevisan &amp; Marques, 2017" authorityName="Trevisan &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,419,151,177]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reydai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACE357EEFE1AFF6F" bold="true" box="[151,419,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhinebothrium reydai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E57D7FFBFFFFEADDE57E1FE54FF6C" box="[426,493,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Family
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAE2E57E1FC90FF6C" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1953" box="[602,809,152,178]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Rhinebothriidae</taxonomicName>
, order
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAFF757E1FBE9FF6C" authorityName="Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster &amp; Littlewood" authorityYear="2009" box="[899,1104,152,178]" class="Cestoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Rhinebothriidea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACE357C3FEA8FF0D" blockId="8.[151,1104,151,211]" box="[151,273,186,211]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
(
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEACEB57C3FEB0FF0D" box="[159,265,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="9.[151,249,1963,1985]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,249,1693,1715]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,249,1102,1124]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,249,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox-0="[680,895,198,1929]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1429,212,1632]" captionTargetBox-2="[198,1388,195,1065]" captionTargetBox-3="[200,1397,1298,1797]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[680,907,193,1942]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[198,1388,195,1080]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[151,1436,1281,1822]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Light micrograph of the holotype of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. from Styracura schmardae (MIUP CR 1)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. A. Scolex (MIUP CR 1, Holotype), B. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype), C. Cirrus-sac (MZUSP 7931 p, Paratype), D. Subterminal, mature proglottid (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype)." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. (MZUSP 7932, Paratype). A. Scolex, B. Proximal surface of anterior loculus, C. Proximal surface near centre of bothridium, D. Distal surface near centre of bothridium, E. Distal surface of transverse septa, F. Distal surface near longitudinal septum in anterior region of bothridium, G. Proximal surface in posterior region of bothridium, H. Surface of anterior portion of strobila." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. (MZUSP 7933 a – 7933 d, Paratypes). A. Section at level of testes, B. Section at level of ovary. Abbreviations: Ed. Excretory duct, O. Ovary, T. Testis, U. Uterus, Vd. Vas deferens, Vit. Vitelline follicle." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/838529/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/838531/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/838533/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/838535/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Figs. 5–8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFBFFFFEACE3567BFE69FD80" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACE3567BFA24FEC5" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,2011]" box="[151,1437,258,283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACE3567BFEAAFEC5" bold="true" box="[151,275,258,283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFBFFFFEACE3567BFF6BFEC5" box="[151,210,258,283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Type</typeStatus>
host:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAD6E567AFC5DFEC5" authority="(Werner) de Carvalho, Loboda &amp; da Silva" authorityName="(Werner) de Carvalho, Loboda &amp; da Silva" box="[282,996,258,283]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Styracura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAD6E567AFDB1FEC5" box="[282,520,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Styracura schmardae</emphasis>
(Werner) de Carvalho, Loboda &amp; da Silva
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAF86567BFB0DFEC5" authorityName="Compagno" authorityYear="1973" box="[1010,1204,258,283]" class="Elasmobranchii" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Myliobatiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEA8CA567BFA28FEC5" authorityName="de Carvalho et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[1214,1425,258,283]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potamotrygonidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACB3565FFECCFEBD" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<materialsCitation id="3B113CE3FFBFFFFEACB3565FFECCFEBD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585352657" country="Panama" latitude="9.283334" location="Caribbean Sea" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-82.35" municipality="Almirante" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bocas Del Toro Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACB3565FFED6FEE1" bold="true" box="[199,367,294,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFBFFFFEACB3565FFEBBFEE1" box="[199,258,294,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EA66065FFBFFFFEAD08565FFD9DFEE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087A8FFBFFFFCACE357EEFE45F87C:8EA66065FFBFFFFEAD08565FFD9DFEE1" box="[380,548,294,319]" country="Panama" latitude="9.283334" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-82.35" municipality="Almirante" name="Caribbean Sea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" stateProvince="Bocas Del Toro Province">Caribbean Sea</location>
off
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA2ACC4FFBFFFFEAE2B565FFD6AFEE1" box="[607,723,294,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Almirante</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85CFFBFFFFEAE90565EFBADFEE1" box="[740,1044,294,319]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
Bocas
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85CFFBFFFFEAF42565FFBADFEE1" box="[822,1044,294,319]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Del Toro Province</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFBFFFFEA850565EFBC4FEE0" box="[1060,1149,295,318]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFBFFFFEA8E7565EFB4BFEE1" box="[1171,1266,295,319]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" precision="925" value="9.283334">09°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFBFFFFEA970565EFADEFEE1" box="[1284,1383,295,319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" precision="925" value="-82.333336">82°20'W</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFBFFFFEACE35632FF4CFEBD" box="[151,245,331,355]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" precision="925" value="9.283334">09°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFBFFFFEAD755632FED1FEBD" box="[257,360,331,355]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" precision="925" value="-82.35">82°21'W</geoCoordinate>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACB35617FDFBFE59" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,2011]" box="[199,578,366,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACB35617FE32FE59" bold="true" box="[199,395,366,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Site of infection:</emphasis>
Spiral intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACB356EBFF4DFDC9" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACB356EBFE34FE75" bold="true" box="[199,397,402,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Type specimens:</emphasis>
MIUP CR1 (Holotype) and CRP1–CRP9 (Paratypes: 9 complete worms); MZUSP 7931a– 7931p (Paratypes: 16 complete worms), 7932 (1 SEM vouchers), and 7933a–7933d (voucher and histological sections); HWML 110076–110082 (Paratypes: 7 complete worms); LRP 9270–9276 (Paratypes: 7 complete worms).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACB3555BFE69FD80" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACB3555BFD12FDE5" bold="true" box="[199,683,546,571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Prevalence of infection and distribution:</emphasis>
45,5% (five of 11 spiral intestines), seeming to be restricted to the Caribbean coast of Panama.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFBFFFFEACB35513FB1BFD79" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACB35513FB1BFD79" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACB35513FEE8FD5D" bold="true" box="[199,337,618,643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species is named in honor of Dr. Florian B. Reyda, who took part in the sampling trip to
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85CFFBFFFFEACE355F6FF49FD78" box="[151,240,655,678]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFBFFFFEACE355F6FF49FD78" box="[151,240,655,678]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Panama</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
and who has contributed to the knowledge of this group of cestodes for many years.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFBFFFFEACB355CBFAC7FA61" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACB355CBFD56FC35" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACB355CBFEE0FD15" bold="true" box="[199,345,690,715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Description.</emphasis>
[Based on 50 mature specimens: 47 whole mounts, one worm observed with SEM, and two prepared as cross-sections]. Worms acraspedote (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEAECE55AFFD44FD31" box="[698,765,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[680,895,198,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[680,907,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Light micrograph of the holotype of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. from Styracura schmardae (MIUP CR 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838529/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), euapolytic,
<quantity id="4C819B5BFFBFFFFEAFE155AEFBA2FD30" box="[917,1051,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" unit="mm" value="4.8" valueMax="7.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–7.4 mm</quantity>
(n = 47) long, composed of 26–68 (n = 47) proglottids. Scolex 237–376 (n = 8) in maximum width composed of four stalked and billobed bothridia constricted at center, with muscular rims (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEAE065467FD0CFCE9" box="[626,693,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[209,1429,212,1632]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. A. Scolex (MIUP CR 1, Holotype), B. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype), C. Cirrus-sac (MZUSP 7931 p, Paratype), D. Subterminal, mature proglottid (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838531/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A, 7A). Bothridia 280–461 (n = 9) long by 111–202 (n = 9) wide, divided by 17–22 (n = 15) transverse septa and one medial longitudinal septum into 34–44 (n = 15) loculi; anteriormost and posterior-most loculus single. Anterior-most loculus 18–26 (n = 10) long by 29–41 (n = 10) wide. Cephalic peduncle absent. Proximal and distal surface of bothridia covered with acicular filitriches and gladiate spinitriches (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEAD5E54D7FED6FC19" box="[298,367,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1102,1124]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,195,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[198,1388,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. (MZUSP 7932, Paratype). A. Scolex, B. Proximal surface of anterior loculus, C. Proximal surface near centre of bothridium, D. Distal surface near centre of bothridium, E. Distal surface of transverse septa, F. Distal surface near longitudinal septum in anterior region of bothridium, G. Proximal surface in posterior region of bothridium, H. Surface of anterior portion of strobila." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838533/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C–G), except for anterior loculus with acicular filitriches only (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEA83B54D7FB2CFC19" box="[1103,1173,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1102,1124]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,195,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[198,1388,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. (MZUSP 7932, Paratype). A. Scolex, B. Proximal surface of anterior loculus, C. Proximal surface near centre of bothridium, D. Distal surface near centre of bothridium, E. Distal surface of transverse septa, F. Distal surface near longitudinal septum in anterior region of bothridium, G. Proximal surface in posterior region of bothridium, H. Surface of anterior portion of strobila." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838533/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). Anterior portion of strobila covered with capilliform filitriches (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEAEFC54ABFD75FC35" box="[648,716,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1102,1124]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,195,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[198,1388,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. (MZUSP 7932, Paratype). A. Scolex, B. Proximal surface of anterior loculus, C. Proximal surface near centre of bothridium, D. Distal surface near centre of bothridium, E. Distal surface of transverse septa, F. Distal surface near longitudinal septum in anterior region of bothridium, G. Proximal surface in posterior region of bothridium, H. Surface of anterior portion of strobila." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838533/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFEACB3548EFAC7FA61" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
Immature proglottids wider than long, becoming as long as wide within the anterior third of the strobila (13– 30%, n = 39) thereafter, longer than wide with maturity, 19–56 (n = 47) in number (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEA8095363FB7FFBED" box="[1149,1222,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[680,895,198,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[680,907,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Light micrograph of the holotype of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. from Styracura schmardae (MIUP CR 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838529/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Terminal mature proglottids (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEAD545347FEDDFB89" box="[288,356,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[209,1429,212,1632]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. A. Scolex (MIUP CR 1, Holotype), B. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype), C. Cirrus-sac (MZUSP 7931 p, Paratype), D. Subterminal, mature proglottid (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838531/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B, D) 218–554 (n = 42) long by 67–146 (n = 43) wide, 4–14 (n = 47) in number. Some terminal proglottids with sperm-filled vas deferens and atrophied testes (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEAFFC531BFC69FBA5" box="[904,976,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[209,1429,212,1632]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. A. Scolex (MIUP CR 1, Holotype), B. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype), C. Cirrus-sac (MZUSP 7931 p, Paratype), D. Subterminal, mature proglottid (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838531/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B). Testes in two irregular columns, in anterior ¾ of proglottid, oval, 20–43 (n = 27) long by 17–34 (n = 27) wide, 4 (n = 47) in number (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEA97653FFFAFFFB41" box="[1282,1350,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[209,1429,212,1632]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. A. Scolex (MIUP CR 1, Holotype), B. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype), C. Cirrus-sac (MZUSP 7931 p, Paratype), D. Subterminal, mature proglottid (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838531/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D, 8A). Cirrus sac in anterior ½ of proglottid, spherical to pyriform in shape, 33–59 (n = 39) long by 37–83 (n = 39) wide, containing coiled cirrus; cirrus armed with spinitriches (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEAF7F53B7FCF7FB39" box="[779,846,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[209,1429,212,1632]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. A. Scolex (MIUP CR 1, Holotype), B. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype), C. Cirrus-sac (MZUSP 7931 p, Paratype), D. Subterminal, mature proglottid (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838531/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C). Genital atrium prominent. Genital pores 31–49% (n = 42) of proglottid length from anterior end, irregularly alternating. Vagina opening into genital atrium anterior to cirrus sac, thick-walled, weakly sinuous, somewhat enlarged in proximal part, with antero-medial portion adjacent to cirrus sac, both directed laterally to common genital atrium. Vaginal sphincter absent. Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, inverted A-shaped in frontal view and tetra-lobed in cross-section (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEA95A5227FAC0FAA9" box="[1326,1401,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[200,1397,1298,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1281,1822]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. (MZUSP 7933 a – 7933 d, Paratypes). A. Section at level of testes, B. Section at level of ovary. Abbreviations: Ed. Excretory duct, O. Ovary, T. Testis, U. Uterus, Vd. Vas deferens, Vit. Vitelline follicle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838535/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B), symmetrical, 89–316 (n = 40) long by 39–79 (n = 40) wide at isthmus (
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFBFFFFEAFDA52FBFC48FA45" box="[942,1009,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[209,1429,212,1632]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. A. Scolex (MIUP CR 1, Holotype), B. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype), C. Cirrus-sac (MZUSP 7931 p, Paratype), D. Subterminal, mature proglottid (MZUSP 7931 b, Paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838531/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B). Vitelline follicles extending length of proglottid, longer 5–15 (n = 14) than wide 4–12 (n = 14). Detached gravid proglottids and eggs not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFBFFFFCACB352B3FE45F87C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFBFFFFCACB352B3FE45F87C" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,2011]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,1821,1954]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="431" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACB352B3FE82FA3D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1482,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Remarks.</emphasis>
This new taxon is unique among species of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAF4752B2FC62FA3D" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[819,987,1483,1507]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAF4752B2FC62FA3D" box="[819,987,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhinebothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to a combination of morphological characters, including the presence of only four testes and a single posterior-most bothridial loculus. Compared to other 11 species that share the presence of four testes, only
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAF44516AFAAFF9F5" authority="Friggens &amp; Duszynski, 2005" authorityName="Friggens &amp; Duszynski" authorityYear="2005" box="[816,1302,1554,1579]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chollaensis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAF44516AFCF8F9F4" box="[816,833,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAF3B516AFC74F9F5" box="[847,973,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">chollaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFBFFFFEAFA0516BFAAFF9F5" author="Friggens" box="[980,1302,1554,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" refString="Friggens, M. M. &amp; Duszynski, D. W. (2005) Four new cestode species from the spiral intestine of the round stingray, Urobatis halleri, in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Comparative Parasitology, 72 (2), 136 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1654 / 4121" type="journal article" year="2005">Friggens &amp; Duszynski, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a single posterior-most bothridial loculus.
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAE05514FFCD3F990" authority="Trevisan &amp; Marques, 2017" authorityName="Trevisan &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2017" box="[625,874,1590,1614]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reydai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAE05514FFCD3F990" box="[625,874,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">Rhinebothrium reydai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E57D7FFBFFFFEAF03514FFC03F991" box="[887,954,1590,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAF03514FFC03F991" bold="true" box="[887,954,1590,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
further resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEA8EF514EFA84F990" authorityName="Friggens &amp; Duszynski" authorityYear="2005" box="[1179,1341,1590,1614]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chollaensis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEA8EF514EFB15F990" box="[1179,1196,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEA8CB514FFA84F990" box="[1215,1341,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">chollaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in total length (2.2–8.4 vs. 1.3–5.1, respectively), number of proglottids (26–68 vs. 32–84, respectively), and number of bothridial loculi (34–44 vs. 40–49, respectively). Both species also have similar bothridial morphology.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFBFFFFEA96A5107FEDFF965" author="Friggens" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" refString="Friggens, M. M. &amp; Duszynski, D. W. (2005) Four new cestode species from the spiral intestine of the round stingray, Urobatis halleri, in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Comparative Parasitology, 72 (2), 136 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1654 / 4121" type="journal article" year="2005">Friggens &amp; Duszynskii (2005)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEADAA51DAFDC2F965" authorityName="Friggens &amp; Duszynski" authorityYear="2005" box="[478,635,1699,1723]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chollaensis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEADAA51DAFE56F964" box="[478,495,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAD8951DAFDC2F965" box="[509,635,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">chollaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as having leaf-like bothridia with a slight constriction at the level of the stalk, which is similar to what we observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAEDB51BEFCAEF900" authority="Trevisan &amp; Marques, 2017" authorityName="Trevisan &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2017" box="[687,791,1734,1758]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reydai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAEDB51BEFD79F900" box="[687,704,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAEA451BFFCAEF900" box="[720,791,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">reydai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E57D7FFBFFFFEAF6B51BFFCD9F901" box="[799,864,1734,1759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAF6B51BFFCD9F901" bold="true" box="[799,864,1734,1759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
. However, after examining images from the
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFBFFFFEA91851BEFA25F901" box="[1388,1436,1735,1759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAC885192FE23F8DD" authorityName="Friggens &amp; Duszynski" authorityYear="2005" box="[252,410,1771,1795]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chollaensis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAC885192FEB4F8DC" box="[252,269,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAD685192FE23F8DD" box="[284,410,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">chollaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFBFFFFEADDD5193FDAAF8DD" box="[425,531,1770,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
[USNM 92213] and five
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFBFFFFEAF425192FC1BF8DD" box="[822,930,1771,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
[USNM 92213a–92214d]), we think that the constriction is more pronounced in the former, hence described as bilobed. Despite a similar morphology,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEA9F05076FEACF895" authorityName="Friggens &amp; Duszynski" authorityYear="2005" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chollaensis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEA9F05076FA2CF8F8" box="[1412,1429,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEACE3504AFEACF895" box="[151,277,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">chollaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is apolytic whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAD8B504AFDDFF895" authority="Trevisan &amp; Marques, 2017" authorityName="Trevisan &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2017" box="[511,614,1843,1867]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reydai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAD8B504AFDDFF895" box="[511,614,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R. reydai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E57D7FFBFFFFEAE1B504BFD16F895" box="[623,687,1842,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAE1B504BFD16F895" bold="true" box="[623,687,1842,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is euapolytic. Based on the
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFBFFFFEAF80504AFB9DF895" box="[1012,1060,1843,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">type</typeStatus>
series, both species differ on the morphology of the aporal lobe of the ovary, which reaches the mid-lateral margin of the cirrus sac in
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEA88C502EFA2CF8B0" authorityName="Friggens &amp; Duszynski" authorityYear="2005" box="[1272,1429,1878,1902]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chollaensis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEA88C502EFAB0F8B0" box="[1272,1289,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEA963502FFA2CF8B0" box="[1303,1429,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">chollaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAD525002FE2AF84D" authority="Trevisan &amp; Marques, 2017" authorityName="Trevisan &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2017" box="[294,403,1915,1939]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reydai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAD525002FE2AF84D" box="[294,403,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R. reydai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E57D7FFBFFFFEADD65003FE51F84D" box="[418,488,1914,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEADD65003FE51F84D" bold="true" box="[418,488,1914,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
the aporal lobe only reaches the posterior margin, since the cirrus sac takes approximately ¾ of the proglottid in width. Also, in
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAE8750E6FCE3F868" authority="Trevisan &amp; Marques, 2017" authorityName="Trevisan &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2017" box="[755,858,1950,1974]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reydai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAE8750E6FCBDF868" box="[755,772,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAF6050E7FCE3F868" box="[788,858,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">reydai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E57D7FFBFFFFEAF1050E7FC1DF869" box="[868,932,1950,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAF1050E7FC1DF869" bold="true" box="[868,932,1950,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
the first square proglottid occurs within the anterior third of the strobila (13–30%, n = 39), whereas in the
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFBFFFFEAF3F50BAFCC2F805" box="[843,891,1987,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBFFFFEAF9150BAFB3BF805" authorityName="Friggens &amp; Duszynski" authorityYear="2005" box="[997,1154,1987,2011]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="429" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chollaensis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEAF9150BAFC4FF804" box="[997,1014,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBFFFFEA87050BAFB3BF805" box="[1028,1154,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="429">chollaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it occurs near the middle of the strobila (42–62%, n = 6). The morphological resemblance between these two species and their biogeographical distributions (
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBDFFFCAD82503BFDABF887" box="[502,530,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">i.e</emphasis>
.,
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBDFFFCAE5F503BFD72F884" authorityName="Friggens &amp; Duszynski" authorityYear="2005" box="[555,715,1858,1882]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chollaensis">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBDFFFCAE5F503BFD85F887" box="[555,572,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBDFFFCAE39503BFD72F884" box="[589,715,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">chollaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the eastern Pacific Ocean vs.
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFBDFFFCA802503BFB66F884" authority="Trevisan &amp; Marques, 2017" authorityName="Trevisan &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2017" box="[1142,1247,1858,1882]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reydai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBDFFFCA802503BFB3EF887" box="[1142,1159,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBDFFFCA8ED503BFB66F884" box="[1177,1247,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">reydai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E57D7FFBDFFFCA89E5038FA94F884" box="[1258,1325,1857,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFBDFFFCA89E5038FA94F884" bold="true" box="[1258,1325,1857,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="431">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the western Atlantic Ocean), might also suggest a close phylogenetic association, which has yet to be tested within the context of a phylogenetic study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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