434 lines
49 KiB
XML
434 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="4DFB7DBA21CD9D14F6E97AF21FAEBF42" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3641.5.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="803b3c7d-092f-4338-a4d7-5db8acb4c2ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223982" ID-ZooBank="30838A5A-2838-4B44-8E5F-AD87D504B611" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460596781130" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Randall, John E., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Krupp, Friedhelm, Rose, Jean Michel & Fricke, Ronald" docDate="2013" docId="03CFD2438B03376687ADF96E4FDE7465" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03641p532.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3641 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epinephelus geoffroyi Klunzinger 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="531" masterDocId="FFF6AA3B8B003761873AFC6C4C767672" masterDocTitle="Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Pisces: Serranidae), a valid species of grouper endemic to the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden" masterLastPageNumber="532" masterPageNumber="524" pageNumber="527" updateTime="1698326929142" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="50390DC34342EDFBDC2998DDB3DC0B91">Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Pisces: Serranidae), a valid species of grouper endemic to the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1466ECB83B5C4A95185B292F3286B14A">Randall, John E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="12DBEC34508781D1417B935A220EC07D">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F9F0861A1FFA40626817E04E290C851">Krupp, Friedhelm</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="44DDCB2936FBF514214979AA22421A40">Rose, Jean Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F007F4AE95B92C2FA4A12CD88C1349C">Fricke, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8DCC5468ED50F4253151E52CCF5A9610">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3D3D5A5A5788A1859834AB0CA0983E6B">
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<mods:date id="08CBBFDEBB42EE77066715AA5451DDEE">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A77F41D7607C1FC2B3B2FEFC6577A23">3641</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CFD2438B03376687ADF96E4FDE7465" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5697172" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119566930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5697172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CFD2438B03376687ADF96E4FDE7465" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CFD2438B03376687ADF96E4FDE7465" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
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<subSubSection id="C37C30DE8B03376287ADF96E4EB473B2" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD963558B03376287ADF96E4EE7736E" blockId="3.[151,657,1282,1341]" box="[151,657,1282,1308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
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<heading id="D091D4398B03376287ADF96E4EE7736E" bold="true" box="[151,657,1282,1308]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B03376287ADF96E4EE7736E" ID-CoL="4WX2F" authority="Klunzinger, 1870" authorityName="Klunzinger" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,657,1282,1308]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADF96E4EE7736E" bold="true" box="[151,657,1282,1308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADF96E4DD5736E" bold="true" box="[151,419,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
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(Klunzinger, 1870)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD963558B03376287ADF9494EFD734F" blockId="3.[151,657,1282,1341]" box="[151,651,1317,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="135D7FD08B03376287A5F9494D76734F" box="[159,256,1317,1341]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1350,1373]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1319]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,193,1329]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A: Serranus tauvina (non Forsskål), from Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire 1809. B: Serranus celebicus var. multipunctatus Kossmann & Räuber, SMF 14314, 265 mm SL. Photo S. Tränkner." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
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& B, 2B, 3, 4, 5, 6A & B;
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<tableCitation id="C6E456EE8B0337628515F9494EF6734F" box="[559,640,1317,1341]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,656,680]" captionTargetBox="[159,1382,707,854]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Gill-raker Counts of Species of Epinephelus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1933DD8B03376287ADFEFC4E8074DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" tableUuid="DF1933DD8B03376287ADFEFC4E8074DA">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD963558B03376287ADF9024EB473B2" blockId="3.[151,1219,1389,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B03376287ADF9024D3373F1" box="[151,325,1390,1411]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tauvina">
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADF9024D3373F1" box="[151,325,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Serranus tauvina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B0337628669F9024D0F73F1" box="[339,377,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">non</emphasis>
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Forsskål) Geoffroy St. Hilaire,
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<date id="FFD845958B0337628581F9014F6473F0" box="[699,786,1389,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" value="1809" valueMax="1817">1809-17</date>
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: 317, pl. 20, fig. 1 (Suez,
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<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B033762832DF902482073F1" box="[1047,1110,1390,1411]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, Red Sea).
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<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B03376287ADF9E04D2173D0" box="[151,343,1420,1442]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatus">
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADF9E04D2173D0" box="[151,343,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Serranus areolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B033762865CF9E14DFA73D0" box="[358,396,1421,1442]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">non</emphasis>
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Forsskål) Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828: 350.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B03376287ADF9C74D2173B2" box="[151,343,1450,1472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatus">
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADF9C74D2173B2" box="[151,343,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Serranus areolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B033762865CF9C74DFA73B2" box="[358,396,1451,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">non</emphasis>
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Forsskål) Günther, 1859: 149.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37C30DE8B03376287ADF9A64F117049" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B03376287ADF9A64FEF73AD" blockId="3.[151,1219,1389,1595]" box="[151,921,1481,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B03376287ADF9A64E4973AD" authority="Klunzinger, 1870: 675" authorityName="Klunzinger" authorityPageNumber="675" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,575,1481,1503]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADF9A64D2573AD" box="[151,339,1481,1503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Serranus geoffroyi</emphasis>
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Klunzinger, 1870: 675
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</taxonomicName>
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, footnote (
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<typeStatus id="54DDDDF78B0337628591F9A54EAE73AC" box="[683,728,1481,1502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Red Sea).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD963558B03376287ADF9844F4A706F" blockId="3.[151,1219,1389,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B03376287ADF9844D21738F" box="[151,343,1511,1533]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebicus">
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADF9844D21738F" box="[151,343,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Serranus celebicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0337628667F9844F15738F" authority="Kossmann and Rauber, 1877: 6" authorityName="Kossmann and Rauber" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1877" box="[349,867,1511,1533]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="celebicus" variety="multipunctatus">
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var.
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376286B3F98B4E69738F" box="[393,543,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">multipunctatus</emphasis>
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Kossmann and Räuber, 1877: 6
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54DDDDF78B033762844AF9844FEB738F" box="[880,925,1512,1533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Red Sea).
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<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B03376287ADFA6B4EBF706E" authority="Klunzinger, 1884: 3" authorityName="Klunzinger" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,713,1542,1564]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi" subGenus="Hyposerranus">
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADFA6B4D8F706E" box="[151,505,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Serranus (Hyposerranus) geoffroyi</emphasis>
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Klunzinger, 1884: 3
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</taxonomicName>
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(Red Sea).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD963558B03376287ADFA4A4F117049" blockId="3.[151,1219,1389,1595]" box="[151,871,1573,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B03376287ADFA4A4E697049" authority="Giglioli, 1888: 68" authorityName="Giglioli" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,543,1573,1595]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="assabensis">
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<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADFA4A4D137049" box="[151,357,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Serranus assabensis</emphasis>
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Giglioli, 1888: 68
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<typeStatus id="54DDDDF78B0337628517FA494E2C7048" box="[557,602,1573,1594]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Assab,
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<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B0337628438FA494F2B7049" box="[770,861,1573,1595]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37C30DE8B03376287ADFA0B4D317141" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD963558B03376287ADFA0B4D317141" blockId="3.[151,1436,1639,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
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||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287ADFA0B4D6770F2" bold="true" box="[151,273,1639,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Dorsal rays XI,16–18 (usually 17); pectoral rays 17 or 18; lateral-line scales usually 49–52; gill rakers 25–29; caudal fin slightly emarginate; membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin slightly incised; third or fourth dorsal spines longest,
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||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B03376286A2FAC34E7B70B5" box="[408,525,1711,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.239" metricValueMax="8.128" metricValueMin="6.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" unit="in" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 in</quantity>
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||
head length; soft portion of anal fin distinctly angular, the third or fourth ray longest,
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||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B03376287C2FABF4D1D7099" box="[248,363,1747,1771]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.715" metricValueMax="6.858" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" unit="in" value="2.25" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.7 in</quantity>
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||
head length; head, body, and fins whitish with numerous, small, close-set, dark brown spots, becoming more widely spaced on abdomen and chest; posterior margin of caudal fin without a narrow, clear whitish margin.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37C30DE8B03376587FDFB534FBF7465" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="3" pageNumber="527" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B03376587FDFB534FBF7465" blockId="3.[151,1436,1639,2024]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,535]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B03376287FDFB534D2F712A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1855,1880]" pageId="3" pageNumber="527">Description.</emphasis>
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||
Dorsal rays XI,16–18 [XI,17] (strongly modal 17); anal rays III,8 [III,8]; pectoral rays 17 or 18 [17]; lateral-line scales 48–52 [51]; longitudinal scale series 96–113 [112]; scales on body ctenoid; auxiliary scales present; gill rakers 25–29 [28]; vertebrae 10 + 24; second supraneural (predorsal) bone small and distinctly curved; body depth 2.9–3.3 [3.2] in SL; head pointed, the lower jaw strongly projecting; dorsal profile of head to nape straight; head length 2.45–2.6 [2.6] in SL; middle opercular spine nearer lower than upper spine; snout length 3.5– 4.0 in head length [4.0]; interorbital space slightly convex, the least width 5.7–6.8 [6.8] in head length; eye diameter ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B043765869EFCD04D9176A6" box="[420,487,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3208" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" unit="in" value="5.2">5.2 in</quantity>
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head length in a 117-mm specimen to
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B043765848FFCD04F8E76A6" box="[949,1016,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" unit="in" value="7.2">7.2 in</quantity>
|
||
a 406-mm specimen) [5.2]; maxilla extending to a vertical from slightly anterior to slightly posterior to rear edge or orbit; caudal-peduncle depth 3.1– 3.3 [3.3] in head length; opercular flap moderately pointed; rounded corner of preopercle with 4–7 [4] enlarged serrate; interopercle and subopercle partially serrate; caudal fin slightly emarginate to truncate, 1.6–1.8 [1.8] in head length; spinous portion of dorsal fin slightly incised; third or fourth [3rd] dorsal spines longest, 2.5–3.2 [2.5] in head length; soft portion of anal fin distinctly angular, the third or fourth [4th] ray longest, 1.8–2.7 [2.2] in head length; pectoral fins 1.75–1.95 [1.92] in head length; pelvic fins usually not reaching anus, 1.95–2.4 [2.0] in head length; dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins relatively shorter with growth; head, body, and fins whitish with numerous, small, close-set, dark brown spots, becoming more widely spaced on chest and abdomen; posterior margin of caudal fin narrowly pale, but containing a single row of small dark spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1933DD8B04376587ADF97D4F15735A" box="[151,867,1297,1320]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223985/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" targetBox="[217,1369,583,1276]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B04376587ADF97D4F15735A" blockId="4.[151,867,1297,1320]" box="[151,867,1297,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B04376587ADF97D4D647355" bold="true" box="[151,274,1297,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0437658623F97E4D81735A" box="[281,503,1298,1320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0437658623F97E4D81735A" box="[281,503,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Gulf of Aqaba. Photo R.C. Steene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C30DE8B04376587FDF93E4FA57318" box="[199,979,1362,1387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B04376587FDF93E4FA57318" blockId="4.[151,1436,1362,2034]" box="[199,979,1362,1387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B04376587FDF93E4D167319" bold="true" box="[199,352,1362,1387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Throughout the Red Sea and the western Gulf of Aden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C30DE8B04376587FDF91B4FEF7180" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B04376587FDF91B4868714C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1362,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B04376587FDF91B4D4D73FD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1399,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The first author examined a Klunzinger specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0437658482F91B48FA73FC" box="[952,1164,1398,1422]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0437658482F91B48FA73FC" box="[952,1164,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Serranus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the Naturhistorishes Museum in Vienna, NMW
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B04376586F0F9F64E0A73C0" box="[458,636,1434,1458]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9276321" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="3.9276321E7">39276, 321 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, identified as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DDDDF78B0437658462F9F74FC573C1" box="[856,947,1435,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The meristic data, including 28 gill rakers, are concordant with those given here for the species, and the anal fin was noted as very pointed, the longest anal ray
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B04376587ADF98E4C927388" box="[151,228,1506,1530]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" unit="in" value="2.05">2.05 in</quantity>
|
||
head length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7FD08B0437658640F98E4DA27388" box="[378,468,1506,1530]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1173,1196]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,234,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1152]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. A: Former syntypes of Epinephelus geoffroyi, NMW 39276, 321 mm SL, Red Sea. Photo H. Wellendorf. B: Holotype of Epinephelus geoffroyi, SMNS 233, 191 mm SL, Port Safaqa, Egypt, Red Sea. Photo R. Fricke." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223986/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). He reported that there are no other
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DDDDF78B0437658451F98F4FBB7389" box="[875,973,1507,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
at the museum. The locality given for the specimen is only Red Sea. However, it is likely that it is Al Quseir (Kosseir),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B04376584CFFA6B484C706D" box="[1013,1082,1543,1567]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where Klunzinger obtained his specimens. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DDDDF78B043765866EFA474DDD7031" box="[340,427,1579,1603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
status is therefore very questionable because the specimen was probably collected by Klunzinger during his second stay in Al Quseir in
|
||
<date id="FFD845958B043765843BFA224F0B7014" box="[769,893,1614,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" value="1872" valueMax="1875">1872-1875</date>
|
||
, and would have only been available for the Klunzinger (1884) publication, not 1870. Klunzinger's (1870) footnote is certainly based on the specimen collected by W. Griessinger at Port Safaga (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B0437658520FAFA4E1770DC" box="[538,609,1686,1710]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5205928B0437658557FAFA4EA470DC" box="[621,722,1686,1710]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" precision="925" value="26.733334">26°44' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5205928B04376585E0FAFA4F4A70DC" box="[730,828,1686,1710]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" precision="925" value="33.933334">33°56' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in
|
||
<date id="FFD845958B0437658450FAFA4FAF70DC" box="[874,985,1686,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" value="1852-07">July 1852</date>
|
||
(SMNS 233); this would have been the only specimen of the species present at the SMNS in 1870. It was missed in the SMNS
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DDDDF78B04376583ABFAD748B770A1" box="[1169,1217,1723,1747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">type</typeStatus>
|
||
catalogs by Fricke (1992, 2005), but was recently rediscovered by the fifth author in the collection. It has 28 gill rakers and a very pointed anal fin, the longest ray
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B04376586C4FB6E4E4B7168" box="[510,573,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" unit="in" value="2.2">2.2 in</quantity>
|
||
head length. We conclude that this specimen (SMNS
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B04376583ACFB6E495C7168" box="[1174,1322,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3319099999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="233191.0">233, 191 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL) is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DDDDF78B04376587ADFB4A4C8F714C" box="[151,249,1830,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0437658624FB4B4ECD714C" authority="Klunzinger, 1870" authorityName="Klunzinger" authorityYear="1870" box="[286,699,1830,1854]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0437658624FB4B4D98714C" box="[286,494,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Serranus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
Klunzinger, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it is illustrated here as
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7FD08B04376584F9FB4A4870714C" box="[963,1030,1830,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1173,1196]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,234,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1152]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. A: Former syntypes of Epinephelus geoffroyi, NMW 39276, 321 mm SL, Red Sea. Photo H. Wellendorf. B: Holotype of Epinephelus geoffroyi, SMNS 233, 191 mm SL, Port Safaqa, Egypt, Red Sea. Photo R. Fricke." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223986/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B04376587FDFB264FEF7180" blockId="4.[151,1436,1362,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B04376587FDFB264D1B7111" bold="true" box="[199,365,1866,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to having modally two more gill rakers,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0437658489FB2648DE7110" box="[947,1192,1866,1890]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0437658489FB2648DE7110" box="[947,1192,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B04376587EFFB1C4DFF71F4" box="[213,393,1902,1927]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B04376587EFFB1C4DFF71F4" box="[213,393,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">E. chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the more acutely pointed soft portion of the anal fin, and in color. The dark spots on the abdomen and chest are more widely spaced. The caudal fin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B043765846DFBFF487C71D8" box="[855,1034,1938,1962]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B043765846DFBFF487C71D8" box="[855,1034,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">E. chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a narrow pale whitish posterior margin. The posterior margin of the caudal fin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B04376585F4FBD44F2471BC" box="[718,850,1974,1999]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B04376585F4FBD44F2471BC" box="[718,850,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">E. geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not white but it may be whitish, in which case it contains a vertical row of small dark brown spots or transverse lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1933DD8B05376487ADF8F948A072B8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223986/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" targetBox="[151,1435,234,1152]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B05376487ADF8F948A072B8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1173,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B05376487ADF8F94D6072D9" bold="true" box="[151,278,1173,1196]" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A: Former syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0537648523F8FA4E8D72DE" box="[537,763,1174,1196]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0537648523F8FA4E8D72DE" box="[537,763,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NMW 39276, 321 mm SL, Red Sea. Photo H. Wellendorf. B: Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B053764862DF8D94D8272B9" box="[279,500,1205,1227]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B053764862DF8D94D8272B9" box="[279,500,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SMNS 233, 191 mm SL, Port Safaqa, Egypt, Red Sea. Photo R. Fricke.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1933DD8B05376487ADFA9848D97178" box="[151,1199,1780,1803]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" targetBox="[168,1413,1329,1726]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B05376487ADFA9848D97178" blockId="5.[151,1199,1780,1803]" box="[151,1199,1780,1803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B05376487ADFA984D647178" bold="true" box="[151,274,1780,1803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0537648623FA984E577178" box="[281,545,1780,1802]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0537648623FA984E577178" box="[281,545,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">Epinephelus chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IES 2311-011, 235 mm SL, Gulf of Tadjoura. Photo J.M. Rose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C30DE8B05376687FDFB5B4FDE7465" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B05376787FDFB5B4EB67685" blockId="5.[151,1437,1847,2015]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,644]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B05376487FDFB5B4DB7713D" box="[199,449,1847,1871]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B05376487FDFB5B4DB7713D" box="[199,449,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B053764853AFB544EC1713D" box="[512,695,1847,1871]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B053764853AFB544EC1713D" box="[512,695,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">E. chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sympatric in the western Gulf of Aden. The fourth author collected a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0537648699FB304E507101" box="[419,550,1883,1907]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0537648699FB304E507101" box="[419,550,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">E. geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the harbor of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B05376485E4FB374F4D7101" box="[734,827,1883,1907]" name="Djibouti" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1981 and sent it to the first author, thinking it might be an undescribed species. It was wrongly catalogued at the Bishop Museum as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0537648308FBEC489371E5" box="[1074,1253,1919,1943]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0537648308FBEC489371E5" box="[1074,1253,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">E. chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BPBM
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B0537648275FB134C8E71C9" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0865219" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="3.0865219E7">30865, 219 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The fourth author also caught the true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0537648586FBC84F1971C9" box="[700,879,1955,1979]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0537648586FBC84F1971C9" box="[700,879,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">E. chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1979 by hook and line from a depth of at least
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B05376487ADFBAB4C9471AD" box="[151,226,1991,2015]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Gulf of Tadjoura (IES 311-011,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B0537648583FBAB4F6B71AD" box="[697,797,1991,2015]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="235.0">235 mm</quantity>
|
||
, illustrated here as
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7FD08B053764833DFBAB483871AD" box="[1031,1102,1991,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1780,1803]" captionTargetBox="[168,1413,1329,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1276,1759]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Epinephelus chlorostigma, IES 2311 - 011, 235 mm SL, Gulf of Tadjoura. Photo J. M. Rose." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition, he collected a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B063767861FFCF54DDE76C2" box="[293,424,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B063767861FFCF54DDE76C2" box="[293,424,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">E. geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
off Al Mukallah on the coast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B06376785CEFCF44F3476DD" box="[756,834,152,175]" name="Yemen" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 2005, the present easternmost record of the species in the Gulf of Aden. There are no valid records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B06376785DCFCD0487B76A6" box="[742,1037,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B06376785DCFCD0487B76A6" box="[742,1037,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">Epinephelus chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Red Sea, but it might be expected in the deeper water of the southern part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B06376787FDFD684D5D7716" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B06376787FDFD684C90776E" box="[199,230,260,284]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
noted by Randall and Heemstra (1991), most records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0637678458FD6848F0776E" box="[866,1158,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0637678458FD6848F0776E" box="[866,1158,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">Epinephelus chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are insular. There are no confirmed records for continental waters of Asia or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B06376785E4FD4B4F31774D" box="[734,839,295,319]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and none for the East Indies, except one from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B063767826DFD444D5E7716" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B06376787FDFD1C4FFD7786" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B06376787FDFD1C4DCA77FA" box="[199,444,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B06376787FDFD1C4DCA77FA" box="[199,444,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually found on or near coral reefs at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B06376784CCFD03482D77F5" box="[1014,1115,367,391]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</quantity>
|
||
; one was speared by the first author in
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B063767863BFDF84D5D77DE" box="[257,299,404,428]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Gulf of Suez, and another near the southern end of the east coast of the Sinai Peninsula in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60A8DC8B0637678267FDF849EA77DE" box="[1373,1436,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B0637678267FDF849EE77DE" box="[1373,1432,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" unit="m" value="28.0">28 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
The second author observed the species at the Farasan Islands near the southern end of the Red Sea in
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B0637678234FDDB491077BD" box="[1294,1382,439,463]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="3.0">
|
||
3–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60A8DC8B0637678210FDDB491077BD" box="[1322,1382,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" type="generic">32 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. The depth range given in the literature for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B063767857AFDB14E847786" box="[576,754,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B063767857AFDB14E847786" box="[576,754,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">E. chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECEB08B0637678429FDB04FF07786" box="[787,902,476,500]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.32" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" unit="m" value="156.0" valueMax="280.0" valueMin="32.0">
|
||
32–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60A8DC8B0637678406FDB04FF07786" box="[828,902,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" type="generic">280 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B06376787FDFD934ED274F6" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">
|
||
Randall and Heemstra (1991: 119) reported slightly higher scale counts for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B063767830BFE6C492E746A" box="[1073,1368,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B063767830BFE6C492E746A" box="[1073,1368,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">Epinephelus chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60A8DC8B06376782BBFD934D7A744E" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined in the Pacific, compared to the Indian Ocean: 50–53 lateral-line scales vs. 48–52, and 104– 125 scales in longitudinal series vs. 97–119. A molecular study of these two populations would be of interest, as well as a genetic comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0637678520FE014EEB74F6" box="[538,669,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0637678520FE014EEB74F6" box="[538,669,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">E. geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1933DD8B06376787ADFBBB49F3719F" box="[151,1413,2007,2030]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" targetBox="[151,1435,680,1985]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B06376787ADFBBB49F3719F" blockId="6.[151,1413,2007,2030]" box="[151,1413,2007,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B06376787ADFBBB4D64719E" bold="true" box="[151,274,2007,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0637678623FBBB4D81719F" box="[281,503,2007,2029]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0637678623FBBB4D81719F" box="[281,503,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A: Ras Mohammaed, Sinai Peninsula. B: Farasan Archipelago. Photos S.V. Bogorodsky.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B07376687FDFCFB4DE6774D" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">
|
||
The second author’s underwater photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B07376685D2FCF44FA876C2" box="[744,990,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B07376685D2FCF44FA876C2" box="[744,990,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7FD08B07376684D4FCFB484676DD" box="[1006,1072,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,2007,2030]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,680,1985]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,671,1986]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Epinephelus geoffroyi. A: Ras Mohammaed, Sinai Peninsula. B: Farasan Archipelago. Photos S. V. Bogorodsky." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223988/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A taken in the northern Red Sea and
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7FD08B07376687F6FCD04D6476A6" box="[204,274,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,2007,2030]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,680,1985]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,671,1986]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Epinephelus geoffroyi. A: Ras Mohammaed, Sinai Peninsula. B: Farasan Archipelago. Photos S. V. Bogorodsky." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223988/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B at the Farasan Islands near the southern end) in the typical habitat of sand or sand and rubble substratum near coral patches, exhibit a camouflage color pattern of large irregular dark brown blotches on the body and dorsal and anal fins. He noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B07376685B6FD694F62776E" box="[652,788,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B07376685B6FD694F62776E" box="[652,788,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">E. areolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0737668471FD694FB8776E" box="[843,974,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0737668471FD694FB8776E" box="[843,974,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">E. geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the most common groupers observed at the Farasan Islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD963558B07376687FDFD204FDE7465" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">
|
||
Mention should be made of two other groupers of the northwestern Indian Ocean with close-set, dark brown spots that might be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0737668514FD1C4F5177FA" box="[558,807,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0737668514FD1C4F5177FA" box="[558,807,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Epinephelus geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0737668400FD1D495377F5" authority="Randall and Heemstra, 1991" authorityName="Randall and Heemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[826,1317,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabriellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0737668400FD1D4FA677FA" box="[826,976,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">E. gabriellae</emphasis>
|
||
Randall and Heemstra, 1991
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7FD08B0737668202FD03490877F5" box="[1336,1406,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[150,1433,573,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[149,1434,567,1691]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Epinephelus gabriellae, Gulf of Oman. B: Epinephelus polylepis, BPBM 27480, 385 mm SL, Cochin (Kochi), India. Photos J. E. Randall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A) ranges from the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B073766868DFDF84D8D77DE" box="[439,507,404,428]" name="Oman" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
and south coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B07376685DEFDF84F5E77DE" box="[740,808,404,428]" name="Oman" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
at least to the eastern Gulf of Aden, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B073766822EFDF94DAD77BD" authority="Randall and Heemstra, 1991" authorityName="Randall and Heemstra" authorityYear="1991" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polylepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B073766822EFDF949EA77DE" box="[1300,1436,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">E. polylepis</emphasis>
|
||
Randall and Heemstra, 1991
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7FD08B07376686D6FDDB4E4677BD" box="[492,560,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[150,1433,573,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[149,1434,567,1691]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Epinephelus gabriellae, Gulf of Oman. B: Epinephelus polylepis, BPBM 27480, 385 mm SL, Cochin (Kochi), India. Photos J. E. Randall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B) is reported from the west coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37123C58B07376684E4FDDB486177BD" box="[990,1047,439,463]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the Gulf of Aden.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B073766822BFDD44D7C7786" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabriellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B073766822BFDD44D7C7786" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Epinephelus gabriellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished by having only 14 or 15 dorsal soft rays, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6618D68B0737668335FDB148DE7786" box="[1039,1192,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polystigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BF478B0737668335FDB148DE7786" box="[1039,1192,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">E. polystigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a very high count of 65–72 lateral-line scales, and 126–137 scales in longitudinal series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |