267 lines
34 KiB
XML
267 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="370E103B752E3D5A17602A6931693AC7">
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<mods:title id="249220F6F47105D35283CEE135CD68FA">Revision of the Afrotropical crab-spider genus Parabomis Kulczyński, 1901 (Araneae: Thomisidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2D227B6CF7DABDCD6A6836DA28EEF4C5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A7404F31B05A8EEE917A3B165D33BDB2">Dippenaar-Schoeman, Anna S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9F8B2613DB27186CAEF9CCE28F221C0F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1532-1379</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D3BAC6F14659FA2F97DD81D44DB1FA4C">ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X 134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa & Department of Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa DippenaarA @ arc. agric. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1532 - 1379</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0844246B4B304D56DE2145D2357169AF">Foord, Stefan H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7256C66208984C6D307042CDB1C1594D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9195-2562</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A69C0FD5E8AC8B9FD0A49D28C39B9F87">stefan. foord @ univen. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9195 - 2562</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E5E1E5351EC82E1A092908FB1B841312" type="email">stefan.foord@univen.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F23618EB77F4F27F8A3145D012C3A6DB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B6963B47368C62F217FFF456F24E0860">
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<mods:date id="18DF4F08D81ABE50B6CF0910F67AFA02">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="94A1114FD412C40AD573B119C30C3DF1">2020-12-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F9FBC53DA3656B3CADD8F7D0337844F4">4899</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CF87B1FFA8274276BFD990FB6BFB55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400886" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177020859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4400886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF87B1FFA8274276BFD990FB6BFB55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF87B1FFA8274276BFD990FB6BFB55" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<subSubSection id="C37C652CFFA8274176BFD990FE41FBA5" box="[151,503,1014,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD936A7FFA8274176BFD990FE41FBA5" blockId="1.[151,503,1014,1041]" box="[151,503,1014,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<heading id="D09181CBFFA8274176BFD990FE41FBA5" bold="true" box="[151,503,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA8274176BFD990FE41FBA5" ID-CoL="6DPW" authority="Kulczynski, 1901" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,503,1014,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274176BFD990FE41FBA5" bold="true" box="[151,503,1014,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274176BFD990FEAFFBA4" bold="true" box="[151,281,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Parabomis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B56FFA827417709D990FE41FBA5" author="Kulczynski, W." box="[289,503,1014,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref11604" refString="Kulczynski, W. (1901) Arachnoidea in Colonia Erythrea a Dre K. M. Levander collec a de Cracovie. Memoires et Comptes rendus des seances de la section des mathematiques et des sciences naturelles de l'Academie des sciences, 41, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1901">Kulczyński, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37C652CFFA8274176BFDE5DFE82FBC7" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD936A7FFA8274176BFDE5DFE82FBC7" blockId="1.[151,1436,1083,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB761189FFA8274176BFDE5DFE82FBC7" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC710B6FFA8274176BFDE5DFE6BFBE6" author="Kulczynski, W." box="[151,477,1083,1107]" page="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" year="1901">
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA8274176BFDE5DFE6BFBE6" ID-CoL="6DPW" authority="Kulczynski, 1901: 3" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,477,1083,1107]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274176BFDE5DFEB0FBE6" box="[151,262,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Parabomis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B56FFA827417725DE5DFE6BFBE6" author="Kulczynski, W." box="[269,477,1083,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref11604" refString="Kulczynski, W. (1901) Arachnoidea in Colonia Erythrea a Dre K. M. Levander collec a de Cracovie. Memoires et Comptes rendus des seances de la section des mathematiques et des sciences naturelles de l'Academie des sciences, 41, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1901">Kulczyński, 1901: 3</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, 30, figs 25–27;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC710B6FFA8274174A3DE5DFCFCFBE6" author="Simon, E." box="[651,842,1083,1107]" page="1011" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B56FFA8274174A3DE5DFCFCFBE6" author="Simon, E." box="[651,842,1083,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" pagination="65 - 124" refId="ref11815" refString="Simon, E. (1903) Arachnides de la Guinee espagnole. Memoires de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de Paris, 1 (3), 65 - 124." type="journal article" year="1903">Simon 1903: 1011</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC710B6FFA82741757CDE5AFBB8FBE6" author="Lessert, R. de" box="[852,1038,1083,1107]" page="181" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" year="1919">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B56FFA82741757CDE5AFBB8FBE6" author="Lessert, R. de" box="[852,1038,1083,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" pagination="99 - 234" refId="ref11694" refString="Lessert, R. de (1919) Araignees du Kilimandjaro et du Merou (suite). III. Thomisidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 27, 99 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 36325" type="journal article" year="1919">Lessert 1919: 181</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC710B6FFA827417232DE5DFB00FBE6" author="Ono, H." box="[1050,1206,1083,1107]" page="207" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B56FFA827417232DE5DFB00FBE6" author="Ono, H." box="[1050,1206,1083,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" refId="ref11774" refString="Ono, H. (1988) A revisional study of the spider family Thomisidae (Arachnida, Araneae) of Japan. National Science Museum, Tokyo and New Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 252 pp." type="book" year="1988">Ono 1988: 207</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC710B6FFA8274172E9DE5DFE86FBC7" author="Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S." page="244" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B56FFA8274172E9DE5DFE86FBC7" author="Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="162" refId="ref11513" refString="Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S. (2014) Field guide to the Spiders of South Africa. Lapa Publishers, Pretoria, 432 pp." type="book" year="2014">Dippenaar-Schoeman 2014: 244</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37C652CFFA8274176BFDEF1FD09FB1A" box="[151,703,1175,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BD936A7FFA8274176BFDEF1FD09FB1A" blockId="1.[151,703,1175,1199]" box="[151,703,1175,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274176BFDEF1FE95FB1A" bold="true" box="[151,291,1175,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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||
<typeStatus id="54DD8805FFA8274176BFDEF1FF7AFB1A" box="[151,204,1175,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA827417702DEF1FD0DFB1A" ID-CoL="75NTP" authority="Kulczynski, 1901" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1901" box="[298,699,1175,1199]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levanderi">
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<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA827417702DEF1FE49FB1A" box="[298,511,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Parabomis levanderi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B56FFA82741742DDEF1FD0DFB1A" author="Kulczynski, W." box="[517,699,1175,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref11604" refString="Kulczynski, W. (1901) Arachnoidea in Colonia Erythrea a Dre K. M. Levander collec a de Cracovie. Memoires et Comptes rendus des seances de la section des mathematiques et des sciences naturelles de l'Academie des sciences, 41, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1901">Kulczyński, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37C652CFFA8274176BFDEBBFD1EFA41" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD936A7FFA8274176BFDEBBFD1EFA41" blockId="1.[151,1437,1245,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
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||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274176BFDEBBFEA7FB4D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1245,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA827417730DEBBFE25FB42" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1901" box="[280,403,1245,1271]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA827417730DEBBFE25FB42" box="[280,403,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Parabomis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares with the other four African genera of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA827417583DEBBFBA6FB42" box="[939,1040,1245,1271]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bominae">Bominae</taxonomicName>
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the globular body shape, small size and very short legs without spines. They share with
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA8274174D9DF67FCDCFAAE" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[753,874,1281,1307]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Thomisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274174D9DF67FCDCFAAE" box="[753,874,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Thomisops</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA82741758DDF67FBAEFAAE" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1886" box="[933,1048,1281,1307]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Holopelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA82741758DDF67FBAEFAAE" box="[933,1048,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Holopelus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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the peg-like setae on the promargins of the chelicerae, which are absent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA827417454DF43FD09FA8A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[636,703,1317,1343]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Avelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA827417454DF43FD09FA8A" box="[636,703,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Avelis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA8274174DFDF43FCFDFA8A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[759,843,1317,1343]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Felsina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274174DFDF43FCFDFA8A" box="[759,843,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Felsina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA827417289DF43FB52FA8A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[1185,1252,1317,1343]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Avelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA827417289DF43FB52FA8A" box="[1185,1252,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Avelis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA8274172DADF43FADDFA8A" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[1266,1387,1317,1343]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Thomisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274172DADF43FADDFA8A" box="[1266,1387,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Thomisops</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA8274176BFDF2FFEBCFAD6" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,266,1353,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Holopelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274176BFDF2FFEBCFAD6" box="[151,266,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Holopelus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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by the high carapace (carapace height> carapace length), the very broad sloping clypeus, as well as the eyes that are grouped far apart,> 0.6 × clypeus width (
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<figureCitation id="135D2A22FFA8274174D4DF0BFC8BFA32" box="[764,829,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Habitus of live Parabomis spp. 1–2 P. pilosus sp. nov., female; 3 P. martini Lessert, 1919, female. 1–2 courtesy of J. Wilkinson; 3 courtesy of L. Wiese." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4400884/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA82741757EDF0BFC67FA32" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1901" box="[854,977,1389,1415]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA82741757EDF0BFC67FA32" box="[854,977,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Parabomis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male palps differ from those of the other African genera in having both a ventral apophysis and strongly developed retrolateral apophysis on the tibia. The marginally sclerotized atrium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA827417424DFD3FD31FA7A" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1901" box="[524,647,1461,1487]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA827417424DFD3FD31FA7A" box="[524,647,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Parabomis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA827417537DFD3FC24FA7A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1886" box="[799,914,1461,1487]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Holopelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA827417537DFD3FC24FA7A" box="[799,914,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Holopelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA8274175E4DFD3FBF3FA7A" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[972,1093,1461,1487]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Thomisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274175E4DFD3FBF3FA7A" box="[972,1093,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Thomisops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of a hood, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA8274176FDDFBFFEAEFA46" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[213,280,1497,1523]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Avelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274176FDDFBFFEAEFA46" box="[213,280,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Avelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of a median septum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C652CFFA8274276EFDF9BFA8AFBC1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD936A7FFA8274276EFDF9BFE65FE64" blockId="1.[151,1437,1245,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274176EFDF9BFEEFF9AD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1533,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Female. Total length varies between
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B42FFA827417522DF9BFC21F9AD" box="[778,919,1533,1560]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="3.35" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Carapace cream to brown, sometimes tinted with green (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A22FFA827417709DC47FED0F98E" box="[289,358,1569,1595]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Habitus of live Parabomis spp. 1–2 P. pilosus sp. nov., female; 3 P. martini Lessert, 1919, female. 1–2 courtesy of J. Wilkinson; 3 courtesy of L. Wiese." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4400884/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), frequently mottled with white in eye region and on clypeus, with darker patches laterally, as seen in live specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A22FFA827417784DC23FDA2F9EA" box="[428,532,1605,1631]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Habitus of live Parabomis spp. 1–2 P. pilosus sp. nov., female; 3 P. martini Lessert, 1919, female. 1–2 courtesy of J. Wilkinson; 3 courtesy of L. Wiese." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4400884/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Carapace as wide as long, anteriorly only slightly narrower than posteriorly; thoracic region high and convex, with distinct posterior declivity; declivity edge with semicircular carina with row of polyp-like tubercles, each bearing a short club-shaped seta; integument granulose, with scattered small tubercles, bearing very short, thick, flat-lying setae, more numerous laterally (very distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFA827417207DCD4FB2EF97E" authority="Dippenaar-Schoeman & Foord, 2020" authorityName="Dippenaar-Schoeman & Foord" authorityYear="2020" box="[1071,1176,1713,1739]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA827417207DCD4FB2EF97E" box="[1071,1176,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">P. pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFA8274172B7DCD7FB41F97E" bold="true" box="[1183,1271,1713,1739]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22157CEFFA8274172B7DCD7FB41F97E" box="[1183,1271,1713,1739]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A22FFA82741732DDCD7FAF5F97E" box="[1285,1347,1713,1739]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Habitus of live Parabomis spp. 1–2 P. pilosus sp. nov., female; 3 P. martini Lessert, 1919, female. 1–2 courtesy of J. Wilkinson; 3 courtesy of L. Wiese." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4400884/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
)). Eyes small; both eye rows recurved, with AER shorter than PER and strongly recurved; lateral eyes on small tubercles, with posterior tubercle slightly larger than anterior tubercle; AME closer to ALE than to each other; ALE same size as AME; PME closer to PLE than to each; PME slightly smaller than PLE; MOQ much wider than long, slightly wider anteriorly than posteriorly. Clypeus distinct, strongly sloping, protruding slightly over cheliceral base; edge curved. Chelicerae flattened anteriorly; promargin bearing densely packed bristle-like setae. Labium longer than wide. Sternum cream to dark; narrow-oval, prolonged posteriorly to form an obtuse point between legs IV; integument granulose. Legs same color as carapace, varying from cream to pale brown, in some species mottled with white, with articulation areas of each leg segment frequently with distinct white rims; legs short and thick; patellae nearly as long as metatarsi; tibiae longer than metatarsi; macro-setae absent, legs bearing short hair-like setae; tarsi with numerous teeth on paired claw; metatarsi and tarsi in some species with strong erect setae ventrally. Abdomen creamish white to brown, with darker hue in dorsal depressions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A22FFAB2742755ADAB9FC6EFF4C" box="[882,984,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetId="figure-156@2.[151,1436,489,805]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Habitus of live Parabomis spp. 1–2 P. pilosus sp. nov., female; 3 P. martini Lessert, 1919, female. 1–2 courtesy of J. Wilkinson; 3 courtesy of L. Wiese." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4400884/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
); rounded, wider than long; shape varying from ball-shaped (when swollen with food or eggs) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D2A22FFAB27427537DB65FCC4FEA8" box="[799,882,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–20" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1354,1378]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,345,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-85@8.[151,1436,345,1331]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 15–20. Parabomis megae sp. nov. 15 Male habitus, dorsal view; 16 Female habitus, dorsal view; 17 Female habitus, dorsal view; 18 Left palp, ventral view; 19 Epigyne, ventral view; 20 Epigyne, dorsal view. Scales: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4400894/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) to slightly flattened, with lateral and transverse striae sometimes forming deep depressions; striae bearing small tubercles, each with translucent club-shaped seta; abdomen closely pressed against cephalothorax, fitting into posterior declivity; ventral region pale. Epigyne with marginally sclerotized atrium, of which shape varies from sub-oval, triangular to bell-shaped; spermathecae simple, longer than wide, bilobed sac-like structures, short, simple copulatory ducts, with intromittent orifices uncovered and situated in anterior part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF19662FFFAB274276BFD95AFD9DFCCD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4400884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4400884/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" startId="2.[151,264,828,852]" targetBox="[151,1436,489,805]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD936A7FFAB274276BFD95AFD9DFCCD" blockId="2.[151,1436,828,888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFAB274276BFD95AFE8CFCE1" bold="true" box="[151,314,828,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFAB274277F2D95AFDFFFCE1" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1901" box="[474,585,828,852]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFAB274277F2D95AFDFFFCE1" box="[474,585,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Parabomis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. 1–2
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFAB27427481D95BFCBFFCE1" authority="Dippenaar-Schoeman & Foord, 2020" authorityName="Dippenaar-Schoeman & Foord" authorityYear="2020" box="[681,777,828,852]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFAB27427481D95BFCBFFCE1" box="[681,777,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">P. pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFAB27427527D95AFCE8FCE1" bold="true" box="[783,862,828,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22157CEFFAB27427527D95AFCE8FCE1" box="[783,862,828,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female; 3
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFAB274275E6D95BFB77FCE1" authority="Lessert, 1919" authorityName="Lessert" authorityYear="1919" box="[974,1217,828,852]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFAB274275E6D95BFB87FCE1" box="[974,1073,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">P. martini</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B56FFAB2742721FD95AFB77FCE1" author="Lessert, R. de" box="[1079,1217,828,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" pagination="99 - 234" refId="ref11694" refString="Lessert, R. de (1919) Araignees du Kilimandjaro et du Merou (suite). III. Thomisidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 27, 99 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 36325" type="journal article" year="1919">Lessert, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female. 1–2 courtesy of J. Wilkinson; 3 courtesy of L. Wiese.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD936A7FFAB274276EFD9C0FA8AFBC1" blockId="2.[151,1437,934,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
Male: Total length varies between
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B42FFAB27427462D9C0FD54FC74" box="[586,738,934,961]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.03" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="1.8649999999999998" valueMax="2.03" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Males resemble females but differ as follows: smaller in size; carapace and legs darker than female, usually uniformly brown; abdomen dorsum darker, shield-like in appearance, white laterally; dorsal depressions dark; legs slightly more slender than females; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi bearing long dense setae ventrally. Palp: femur and patella not modified; tibia with two apophyses, VTA smaller than RTA, both fused; RTA about same length as tibia, apex pointed; shape varying between species; cymbium as long as wide, tutaculum absent; tegulum round, lacking apophyses; embolus filiform at tip, originating at 9h00 position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C652CFFAB274276EFDE18FB6BFB55" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD936A7FFAB274276EFDE18FB6BFB55" blockId="2.[151,1437,934,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFAB274276EFDE18FED6FB2D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1150,1176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D24FFAB27427740DE18FE55FB2D" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1901" box="[360,483,1150,1176]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Parabomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFAB27427740DE18FE55FB2D" box="[360,483,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Parabomis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to the Afrotropical Region and was previously known from Bioko Island (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB274276B7DEC4FEF6FB08" box="[159,320,1186,1213]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Fernando Poo</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB2742777ADEC4FE7CFB09" box="[338,458,1186,1212]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB274277FBDEC4FD94FB09" box="[467,546,1186,1212]" name="Eritrea" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB27427404DEC4FD4EFB09" box="[556,760,1186,1212]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB2742752DDEC4FC0CFB08" box="[773,954,1186,1213]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Spanish Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB274275E4DEC4FB9AFB09" box="[972,1068,1186,1212]" name="Namibia" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB27427248DEC4FB7EFB09" box="[1120,1224,1186,1212]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EAB5FFAB274272FADEC5FAEAFB09" box="[1234,1372,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">New records</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB27427342DEC5FF56FB54" name="Botswana" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB274276C3DEA0FE81FB55" box="[235,311,1222,1248]" name="Ghana" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB2742776ADEA0FE20FB55" box="[322,406,1222,1248]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB27427789DEA1FE5BFB54" box="[417,493,1223,1249]" name="Kenya" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB274277D0DEA0FDE6FB55" box="[504,592,1222,1248]" name="Malawi" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB27427474DEA0FD05FB55" box="[604,691,1222,1248]" name="Nigeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB27427496DEA0FCABFB55" box="[702,797,1222,1248]" name="Rwanda" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB2742750FDEA0FC0EFB55" box="[807,952,1222,1248]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB274275ECDEA0FB9EFB55" box="[964,1064,1222,1248]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717637FFAB27427276DEA0FB6FFB55" box="[1118,1241,1222,1248]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |