183 lines
20 KiB
XML
183 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8731BCD641318DE1A5D85A7CE4691E7B">Echimyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4CCD3A6AD1FD379AE61D1C95BD34CEE1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8C2612D03D84F0A88D979B432101BBDF">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C78400D9E2DE7CCC40BFD84A790DE77">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B83E2D243FF3B197E41CDD5E9944E2B">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="60628231F5DF3DD259B50E55CE507DC9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5014DA08A2C7099D832938FBC22C1F94">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="429693C1D17E2C2857DC1FAB7121E1E3" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="3A8FD89D8A57BA848A4D36164946C772">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="0527C3D604DEBACF9683DA2420C54DC7">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="961FD45D05C948A57F97BD4C035A2B29">
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<mods:title id="C3DC87304CEB14B26D06AB52F90F21B8">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDFFFEBFACE542C5FCAF3C7" box="[1394,1451,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDFFFEBFACE542C5FCAF3C7" blockId="50.[1392,2585,3109,3234]" box="[1394,1451,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFDFFFEBFACE542C5FCAF3C7" box="[1394,1451,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<figureCitation id="13570DE2FFDFFFEBFACE542C5FCAF3C7" box="[1394,1451,3109,3155]" captionStart="Plate 35: Echimyidae" captionStartId="8.[107,137,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="12. Broad-headed Spiny-rat (Clyomys laticeps), 13. Guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus), 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Irinomys albispinus), 15. Elias’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys eliasi), 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus), 17. Yonenaga’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus), 19. Moojen’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni), 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga), 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus), 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys thering), 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus), 24. Sao Lourenco Punare (Thrichomys laurentius), 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis), 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides), 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus), 28. Foster’s Punare (Thrichomys fosteri), 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus), 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus), 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623784/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">96.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDFFFEBFA01542C5DF1F3C7" box="[1469,1936,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDFFFEBFA01542C5DF1F3C7" blockId="50.[1392,2585,3109,3234]" box="[1469,1936,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFDFFFEBFA01542C5DF1F3C7" box="[1469,1936,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFDFFFEBFA01542C5DF1F3C7" box="[1469,1936,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">Giant Atlantic Tree-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDFFFEBF86F542C5379F3C7" box="[2003,2328,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDFFFEBF86F542C5379F3C7" blockId="50.[1392,2585,3109,3234]" box="[2003,2328,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFDFFFEBF86F542C5379F3C7" box="[2003,2328,3109,3155]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFDFFFEBF86F542C5379F3C7" ID-CoL="77G64" baseAuthorityName="Ihering" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[2003,2328,3109,3155]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Phyllomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDFFFEBF86F542C5379F3C7" box="[2003,2328,3109,3155]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">Phyllomys thomasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDFFFEBFACE546D5D0CF336" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDFFFEBFACE546D5078F3ED" blockId="50.[1392,2585,3109,3234]" box="[1394,2585,3172,3193]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFDFFFEBFACE546D5078F3ED" box="[1394,2585,3172,3193]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDFFFEBFACE546D5FDCF3ED" bold="true" box="[1394,1469,3172,3193]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFDFFFEBFA7B546D5C93F3ED" box="[1479,1778,3172,3193]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">Rat-épineux de Sao Sebastiao</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDFFFEBF8BA546D5D00F3ED" bold="true" box="[1798,1889,3172,3193]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFDFFFEBF8D7546D5200F3ED" box="[1899,2145,3172,3193]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">Riesen-Kiistenbaumratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDFFFEBF7C9546D52B1F3ED" bold="true" box="[2165,2256,3172,3193]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFDFFFEBF767546D5078F3ED" box="[2267,2585,3172,3193]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">Rata arboricola atlantica gigante</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDFFFEBFACD54845D0CF336" blockId="50.[1392,2585,3109,3234]" box="[1393,1901,3213,3234]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFDFFFEBFACD54845D0CF336" box="[1393,1901,3213,3234]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDFFFEBFACD54845C09F336" bold="true" box="[1393,1640,3213,3234]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFDFFFEBF9D254845D0CF336" box="[1646,1901,3213,3234]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">Thomas's Atlantic Tree-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDFFFEBFACD54C75DBFF37B" box="[1393,2014,3278,3311]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDFFFEBFACD54C75DBFF37B" blockId="50.[1392,2597,3278,3476]" box="[1393,2014,3278,3311]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDFFFEBFACD54C75C6DF37B" bold="true" box="[1393,1548,3278,3311]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFDFFFEBF99D54C75DBBF37B" authority="Ihering, 1897" authorityName="Ihering" authorityYear="1897" box="[1569,2010,3278,3311]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Mesomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">Mesomys thomasi Ihering, 1897</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDFFFEBF84E54C75C0CF2AB" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDFFFEBF84E54C75C0CF2AB" blockId="50.[1392,2597,3278,3476]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<materialsCitation id="3B041B3AFFDFFFEBF84E54C75C0CF2AB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804303369" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">“Ilha de Sao Sebastiao.” Restricted by L. H. Emmons and colleagues in 2002 to “Ilha de Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 23°46’S 45°21°'W.”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDFFFEBFACE55405D5BF219" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDFFFEBFACE55405D5BF219" blockId="50.[1392,2597,3278,3476]" pageId="50" pageNumber="602">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFDFFFEBFACE55405F8FF2F2" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1839" box="[1394,1518,3401,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Phyllomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phyllomys</taxonomicName>
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thomas: was formerly classified in the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFDFFFEBF71055405346F2F2" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[2220,2343,3401,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Loncheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Loncheres</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFDFFFEBF6835540507EF2F2" authorityName="Goeldi" authorityYear="1901" box="[2367,2591,3401,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Euryzygomatomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Euryzygomatomys</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFDFFFEBFACD55655FB9F219" authorityName="G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1809" box="[1393,1496,3436,3469]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Echimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Echimys</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFDFFFEBF99B55655CEEF219" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1837" box="[1575,1679,3436,3469]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Nelomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="50" pageNumber="602" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nelomys</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDEFFEAFCA959295E06FEF0" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF1341EFFFDEFFEAFCA959295E06FEF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6624585" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6624585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6624585/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" startId="51.[789,961,288,317]" targetBox="[175,765,292,705]" targetPageId="51">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFCA959295E06FEF0" blockId="51.[789,1382,288,711]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDEFFEAFCA9592959A5FEA9" bold="true" box="[789,964,288,317]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE Brazil, (Sao Sebastiao I, off the Sao Paulo State).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDEFFEAFCA9596258AEFB53" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFCA9596258AEFB53" blockId="51.[789,1382,288,711]" lastBlockId="51.[175,1383,717,2012]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDEFFEAFCA959625E4CFE18" bold="true" box="[789,1069,363,396]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 270-299 mm, tail 270-340 mm; weight 432 g. The Giant Atlantic Tree-rat is the largest species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFDEFFEAFC1759E85E49FD96" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1839" box="[939,1064,481,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Phyllomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phyllomys</taxonomicName>
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. It has reddish brown upperpart, streaked with black on dorsum and dark on sides. Venter is light cream, gradually darkening from medial part to lateral one. It has spiny pelt, having aristiform guard hairs brownish gray at bases becoming gradually black toward ends with thin whip-like tips. Aristiforms on rump are long (33 mm) and narrow (0-7 mm). Tail is equal to head-body length, robust, covered with dark brown hairs from base toward end, hiding scales, and tip has no distal tuft. Skull of the Giant Atlantic Tree-rat is broad and robust. It has well-developed supraorbital ledges; interorbital region is parallel, with absent or inconspicuous post-orbital processes. Zygomatic arch is robust, with maximum height reaching more than one-third ofjugal length. Rounded post-orbital process is mainly formed by jugal. Lateral process of supraoccipitalis short, reaching ventrally to level of midline of external auditory meatus. Mesopterygoid fossa is wide and forms 60° angle anteriorly, reaching posterior lamina of M*. Incisive foramina are teardrop-shaped. Upper incisors are opisthodont. Upper tooth rows are wide, either parallel or slightly divergent posteriorly. Molar teeth are large, and palate is equal to or wider than M'. Angular process ofjaw is not deflected laterally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFAE25AA75F02FD53" blockId="51.[789,1382,288,711]" box="[1374,1379,686,711]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">,</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDEFFEAFF0D5CC75979FA81" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFF0D5CC75979FA81" blockId="51.[175,1383,717,2012]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDEFFEAFF0D5CC75B7EFB7B" bold="true" box="[177,287,1230,1263]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Broadleaf evergreen rainforests over rugged topography on Sao Sebastiao Island from sea level to elevation of 1379 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDEFFEAFF0C5D15587CFAF0" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFF0C5D15587CFAF0" blockId="51.[175,1383,717,2012]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDEFFEAFF0C5D155BD4FAA9" bold="true" box="[176,437,1308,1341]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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A captive female Giant Atlantic Tree-rat was fed fruit for a few days and refused green fodder.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDEFFEAFF0C5D625881FA4F" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFF0C5D625881FA4F" blockId="51.[175,1383,717,2012]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDEFFEAFF0C5D625B56FA18" bold="true" box="[176,311,1387,1420]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">Breeding.</emphasis>
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A nest of a Giant Atlantic Tree-rat was 13 m up in a fork of a tree and was constructed of interwoven dried and twisted leaves, forming roughly an oval dome with its base measuring 38 x 30 x 20 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAF5E45D7C503CFA1A" blockId="51.[2064,2657,995,1422]" box="[2648,2653,1397,1422]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">,</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAF7245D9A52FDFA20" blockId="51.[1445,2657,1427,3115]" box="[2200,2204,1427,1460]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">.</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDEFFEAFF135DE85892F9BD" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFF135DE85892F9BD" blockId="51.[175,1383,717,2012]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDEFFEAFF135DE85BFAF996" bold="true" box="[175,411,1505,1538]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but Giant Atlantic Tree-rats are probably nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDEFFEAFF0C5E39587BF9EC" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFF0C5E39587BF9EC" blockId="51.[175,1383,717,2012]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDEFFEAFF0C5E39590CF9C5" bold="true" box="[176,877,1584,1617]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Giant Atlantic Tree-rat is arboreal and probably solitary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDEFFEAFF0D5E765961F818" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFF0D5E765961F818" blockId="51.[175,1383,717,2012]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDEFFEAFF0D5E765873F934" bold="true" box="[177,530,1663,1696]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Giant Atlantic Tree-rat is endemic to Sao Sebastiao Island, which is 336 km?, 80% covered by Atlantic rainforest, and protected as a state park. As many insular species, habitat of the Giant Atlantic Tree-rat is threatened by ongoing pressure from increasing human population and introduction of invasive species (cats and dogs). There is no infor mation on its population or abundance. Additional ecological studies of the poorly known Giant Atlantic Tree-rat are needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFDEFFEAFF0D5F925E36F848" pageId="51" pageNumber="603" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFDEFFEAFF0D5F925E36F848" blockId="51.[175,1383,717,2012]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFDEFFEAFF0D5F925B2BF820" bold="true" box="[177,330,1947,1972]" pageId="51" pageNumber="603">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Emmons (1990, 1997a), Emmons et al. (2002), von Ihering (1897), Leite (2003), Leite & Loss (2015), Loss & Leite (2011), Moojen (1952b), Olmos (1997), Woods & Kilpatrick (2005)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |