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<mods:title id="8530B9A89876194E2BCB3407F7A290B2">World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95EBDF779E5940751" ID-CoL="9CJWL" authority="Heller" authorityName="Heller" box="[151,489,1122,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95EBDF779E5940751" bold="true" box="[151,489,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95EBDF779E5E90750" bold="true" box="[151,404,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Strongylophthalmyia</emphasis>
Heller
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF88FFB95EBDF7B2E75307CC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1193,1371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7C11E0FF88FFB95EBDF7B2E75307CC" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95EBDF7B2E6580793" authority="Hendel, 1902: 179" authorityName="Hendel" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,549,1193,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95EBDF7B2E51C0793" box="[151,353,1193,1215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Strongylophthalmus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10DFFF88FFB95F4DF7B2E6580793" author="Hendel" box="[359,549,1193,1215]" page="179" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F4DF7B2E58E0793" author="Hendel" box="[359,499,1193,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Hendel, F. (1902) Strongylophthalmus, eine neue Gattung der Psiliden (Dipt.). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 21, 179 - 181." type="journal article" year="1902">Hendel, 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 179
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Type species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95C97F7B2E06B0793" authority="Zetterstedt, 1847" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1847" box="[701,1046,1193,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95C97F7B2E71E0793" box="[701,867,1193,1215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Chyliza ustulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95D43F7B2E06B0793" author="Zetterstedt" box="[873,1046,1193,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Zetterstedt, J. W. (1847) Diptera Scandinaviae. Tom VI. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], pp. 2163 - 2580." type="book chapter" year="1847">Zetterstedt, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation. [Preoccupied by 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95ECCF7D1E60A07CC" authority="Mannerheim, 1853" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1853" box="[230,631,1226,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95ECCF7D1E5CD07CC" box="[230,432,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Strongylophthalmus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F9CF7D1E60A07CC" author="Mannerheim" box="[438,631,1226,1248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Mannerheim, C. G. (1853) Dritter Nachtrag zur Kafer-Fauna der nord - amerikanischen Lander des Russisches Reiches. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 26 (3 - 4), 95 - 273." type="journal article" year="1853">Mannerheim, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95C8AF7D1E76907CC" ID-CoL="C2L" box="[672,788,1226,1248]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
).1]
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<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF88FFB95EBDF7F2E63F0631" blockId="2.[151,1436,1193,1371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95EBDF7F2E64907D3" ID-CoL="9CJWL" authority="Heller, 1902: 226" authorityName="Heller" authorityPageNumber="226" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,564,1257,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95EBDF7F2E51707D3" box="[151,362,1257,1279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Strongylophthalmyia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10DFFF88FFB95F5FF7F2E64907D3" author="Heller" box="[373,564,1257,1279]" page="226" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F5FF7F2E58607D3" author="Heller" box="[373,507,1257,1279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Heller, K. M. J. (1902) Strongylophthalmyia nom. nov. fur Strongylophthalmus Hendel. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 21, 226." type="journal article" year="1902">Heller, 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 226
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</taxonomicName>
. Replacement name for 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95D15F7F2E0DB07D3" authority="Hendel, 1902" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1902" box="[831,1190,1257,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95D15F7F2E07407D3" box="[831,1033,1257,1279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Strongylophthalmus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95A3FF7F2E0DB07D3" author="Hendel" box="[1045,1190,1257,1279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Hendel, F. (1902) Strongylophthalmus, eine neue Gattung der Psiliden (Dipt.). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 21, 179 - 181." type="journal article" year="1902">Hendel, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Type species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95B64F7F2E5B00631" authority="Zetterstedt, 1847" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95B64F7F2E5640631" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Chyliza ustulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F35F61CE5B00631" author="Zetterstedt" box="[287,461,1287,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Zetterstedt, J. W. (1847) Diptera Scandinaviae. Tom VI. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], pp. 2163 - 2580." type="book chapter" year="1847">Zetterstedt, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, automatic.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF88FFB95EBDF63DE6430677" blockId="2.[151,1436,1193,1371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95EBDF63DE5AD0610" authority="Hendel, 1902: 179" authorityName="Hendel" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,464,1318,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Labropsila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95EBDF63DE5780610" box="[151,261,1318,1340]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Lapropsila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F21F63DE5E00610" author="Meijere" box="[267,413,1318,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Meijere, J. C. H. de (1914) Studien uber sudasiatische Dipteren. IX. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 57, 137 - 275." type="journal article" year="1914">Meijere, 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 241
</taxonomicName>
. Type species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95C40F63DE7CC0610" ID-CoL="8CG4Z" authority="Meijere, 1914" authorityName="Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[618,945,1318,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" genus="Labropsila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95C40F63DE7640610" box="[618,793,1318,1340]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Labropsila polita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95D0AF63DE7CC0610" author="Meijere" box="[800,945,1318,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Meijere, J. C. H. de (1914) Studien uber sudasiatische Dipteren. IX. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 57, 137 - 275." type="journal article" year="1914">Meijere, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95AFEF63DE1EC0610" author="Hennig" box="[1236,1425,1318,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Hennig, W. (1941 b) 41. Psilidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 37." type="book chapter" year="1941" yearSuffix="b">Hennig 1941b: 36</bibRefCitation>
). [Synonymized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95FAAF65EE6760677" author="Meijere" box="[384,523,1349,1371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Meijere, J. C. H. de (1916) [Studien uber sudasiatische Dipteren. X.] Fauna Simalurensis - Diptera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 58 (Supplement), 1 - 97. [1 March]" type="journal article" year="1916">Meijere 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 87.]
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95EBDF69CE51F068C" bold="true" box="[151,354,1415,1440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Previous studies.</emphasis>
No single review has been done on 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95D38F69CE786068C" box="[786,1019,1415,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95D38F69CE786068C" box="[786,1019,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Strongylophthalmyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
previous to this study. Most papers involved descriptions of one or a few species from results of collecting expeditions or museum collection studies (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95EF2F6D4E5D906C4" author="Krivosheina" box="[216,420,1487,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. (1981) New Palaearctic species of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Hell. (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 60, 183 - 186. [English translation, 1981, in Entomological Review 60.]" type="journal article" year="1981">Krivosheina 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F9AF6D4E62106C4" author="Shatalkin" box="[432,604,1487,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Shatalkin, A. I. (1981) Claraeola crassula sp. n. (Pipunculidae) and Strongylophthalmyia raricornis sp. n. (Strongylophthalmyiidae), new peculiar Diptera from the USSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 60, 791 - 793 [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1981">Shatalkin 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95C43F6CBE6D906C4" author="Shatalkin" box="[617,676,1488,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Shatalkin, A. I. (1993) On the taxonomy of the flies of the family Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 72, 124 - 131. [In Russian, English translation, 1996, in Entomological Review, 73 (6), 155 - 161]" type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95C9AF6D4E69606C4" author="Shatalkin" box="[688,747,1487,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Shatalkin, A. I. (1996) New and little known species of flies of Lauxaniidae and Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Russian Entomological Journal, 4 [1995], 145 - 157." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95CD2F6CBE70006C4" author="Iwasa" box="[760,893,1488,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Iwasa, M. (1992) The genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 660 - 666." type="journal article" year="1992">Iwasa 1992</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95DA3F6D4E7B906C4" author="Iwasa" box="[905,964,1487,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Iwasa, M. (1995) Occurrence of Strongylophthalmyia ustulata Zetterstedt (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae) from Japan and North Korea. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 63, 547 - 548." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95DFBF6CBE0C906C4" author="Yang" box="[977,1204,1488,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Yang, C. - k. &amp; Wang, X. - l. (1992) [A preliminary study of the Psilidae and Strongylophthalmyiidae of Mt. Mogan with two new species (Diptera: Acalyptratae)]. Journal of the Zhejiang Forestry College, 9 (4), 446 - 449. [In Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1992">Yang &amp; Wang 1992</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95AEAF6CBE08606C4" author="Yang" box="[1216,1275,1488,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Yang, C. - k. &amp; Wang, X. - l. (1998) Strongylophthalmyiidae. In: Xue, W. - q. &amp; Chao, C. - m. (Eds.), Flies of China. Volume 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 457 - 463 [In Chinese with English summary]" type="book" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95B22F6D4E1EA06C4" author="Barber" box="[1288,1431,1487,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Barber, K. N. (2006) Strongylophthalmyia pengellyi n. sp., a second species of Nearctic Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137, 81 - 109." type="journal article" year="2006">Barber 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95EBDF6EEE52D0521" author="Papp" box="[151,336,1524,1549]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Papp, L., Merz, B. &amp; Foldvari, M. (2006) Diptera of Thailand. A summary of the families and genera with references to the species representations. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae, 52 (2), 97 - 269." type="journal article" year="2006">
Papp 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95EFCF6EEE57B0521" box="[214,262,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F76F6EEE6160520" author="Iwasa" box="[348,619,1524,1549]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Iwasa, M. &amp; Evenhuis, N. L. (2014) The Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera) from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of five new species. Entomological Science, 17, 96 - 105. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / ens. 12033" type="journal article" year="2014">Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95C5DF6EFE7B30521" author="Galinskaya" box="[631,974,1524,1549]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Galinskaya, T. V. &amp; Shatalkin, A. I. (2016) Eight new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller from Vietnam with a key to species of the genus from Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae). ZooKeys, 625, 111 - 142." type="journal article" year="2016">Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Shatalkin’s (1993, 1996) study of many Old World species are the closest to a review of the genus and were based upon a comparatively small collection of specimens, primarily from southern and eastern Asia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF88FFB95EEDF57BE5FE0401" blockId="2.[151,1436,1415,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
<materialsCitation id="3B043C93FF88FFB95EEDF57BE66705EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324957990" location="Taiwan)" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Taiwan)">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95EEDF57BE5300554" author="Frey" box="[199,333,1631,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Frey, R. (1956) Studien uber ostasiatische Dipteren. V. Psilidae, Megamerinidae. Notulae Entomologicae, 35 [1955], 122 - 137." type="journal article" year="1956">Frey (1956)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95FACF544E64A0554" author="Steyskal" box="[390,567,1631,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1971) Notes on the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller with a revised key to the species (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 64, 141 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 64.1.141" type="journal article" year="1971">Steyskal (1971)</bibRefCitation>
provided keys to most species known at the time of their publication. Other keys that have been published are more geographically or taxonomically limited and include 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95AD0F59FE57E05EC" author="Barber" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Barber, K. N. (2006) Strongylophthalmyia pengellyi n. sp., a second species of Nearctic Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137, 81 - 109." type="journal article" year="2006">Barber (2006; Nearctic)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F25F5BCE66705EC" author="Hennig" box="[271,538,1703,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Hennig, W. (1940) Aussereuropaische Psiliden und Platystomiden im Deutschen Entomologischen Institut. (Diptera). Arbeiten uber Morphologische und Taxonomische Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem, 7, 304 - 318." type="journal article" year="1940">
Hennig (1940; 
<collectingRegion id="49A8F82CFF88FFB95F91F5BCE66705EC" box="[443,538,1703,1728]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95C0CF5B3E74305EC" author="Frey" box="[550,830,1703,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Frey, R. (1928) Philippinische Dipteren. VI. Fam. Sciomyzidae, Psilidae, Megamerinidae, Sepsidae, Piophilidae, Clusiidae. Notulae Entomologicae, 8, 100 - 108." type="journal article" year="1928">Frey (1928; Philippines)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95D60F5B3E04C05EC" author="Iwasa" box="[842,1073,1704,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Iwasa, M. (1992) The genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 660 - 666." type="journal article" year="1992">Iwasa (1992; Japan)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95A17F5BCE66C05C9" author="Galinskaya" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Galinskaya, T. V. &amp; Shatalkin, A. I. (2016) Eight new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller from Vietnam with a key to species of the genus from Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae). ZooKeys, 625, 111 - 142." type="journal article" year="2016">Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin (2016; Vietnam and adjacent countries)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95C0AF5D6E03905C9" author="Iwasa" box="[544,1092,1740,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Iwasa, M. &amp; Evenhuis, N. L. (2014) The Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera) from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of five new species. Entomological Science, 17, 96 - 105. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / ens. 12033" type="journal article" year="2014">Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis (2014; Papua New Guinea)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95A79F5D7E4930424" author="Krivosheina" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. (1999) [Fam. Strongylophthalmyiidae]. In: Lera, P. A. (Ed.), [Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Pt. 1]. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 508 - 511. [In Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1999">Krivosheina (1999; Far East Russia)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95ED7F5F4E6500424" author="Meijere" box="[253,557,1775,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Meijere, J. C. H. de (1914) Studien uber sudasiatische Dipteren. IX. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 57, 137 - 275." type="journal article" year="1914">Meijere (1914; Indonesia)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B043C93FF88FFB95C16F5F4E5020401" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324958005" country="China" location="Taiwan)" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Taiwan)">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95C16F5F4E6880424" author="Shatalkin" box="[572,757,1775,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Shatalkin, A. I. (1993) On the taxonomy of the flies of the family Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 72, 124 - 131. [In Russian, English translation, 1996, in Entomological Review, 73 (6), 155 - 161]" type="journal article" year="1993">Shatalkin (1993</bibRefCitation>
; Palearctic; 1996; 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95DFAF5EBE0460424" box="[976,1083,1776,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95DFAF5EBE0460424" box="[976,1083,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">S. crinita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95A88F5EBE5020401" author="Yang" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Yang, C. - k. &amp; Wang, X. - l. (1998) Strongylophthalmyiidae. In: Xue, W. - q. &amp; Chao, C. - m. (Eds.), Flies of China. Volume 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 457 - 463 [In Chinese with English summary]" type="book" year="1998">
Yang &amp; Wang (1998; 
<collectingCountry id="F37B765EFF88FFB95EBDF40FE4A00401" box="[151,221,1812,1837]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">China</collectingCountry>
, incl. 
<collectingRegion id="49A8F82CFF88FFB95F0AF40FE5020401" box="[288,383,1812,1837]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF88FFB95EEDF42CE1E1047C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1415,1872]" box="[199,1436,1847,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
The genus has been treated in different families, but most commonly 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95DFAF42CE054047C" box="[976,1065,1847,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psilidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95A75F42CE08D047C" box="[1119,1264,1847,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tanypezidae</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95AD0F42CE1E1047C" author="Hendel" box="[1274,1436,1847,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Hendel, F. (1917) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1917, 33 - 47." type="journal article" year="1917">Hendel (1917)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF88FFB95EBDF461E01604DC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1912,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
1. Previous works have indicated the earliest published date for the coleopteran genus-group name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95AEDF463E1E104BC" box="[1223,1436,1912,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95AEDF463E1E104BC" box="[1223,1436,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Strongylophthalmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F0EF482E67C049C" author="Motschulsky" box="[292,513,1945,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Motschulsky, V. I. (1860) Plate X. In: Schrenck, L. von, Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande in den Jahren 1854 - 1856 im Auftrage der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgefuhrt und in Verbindung mit mehren Gelehrten. Zweiter Band. Zoologie: Lepidopteren, Coleopteren, Mollusken. Mit 28 kolorierten Tafeln und 3 Karten. Eggers und Comp., H. Schmitzdorff und J. Issakof, St. Petersburg." type="journal article" year="1860">Motschulsky (1860)</bibRefCitation>
. However, research conducted in this study has found that an earlier publication by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95EEDF4A2E5E204FC" author="Mannerheim" box="[199,415,1977,2000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Mannerheim, C. G. (1853) Dritter Nachtrag zur Kafer-Fauna der nord - amerikanischen Lander des Russisches Reiches. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 26 (3 - 4), 95 - 273." type="journal article" year="1853">Mannerheim (1853)</bibRefCitation>
listed 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF88FFB95FC6F4A3E6BC04FC" box="[492,705,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF88FFB95FC6F4A3E6BC04FC" box="[492,705,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Strongylophthalmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in synonymy and it was made available by subsequent usage as a valid taxon in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF88FFB95F4AF4C2E64604DC" author="Motschulsky" box="[352,571,2009,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" refString="Motschulsky, V. I. (1860) Plate X. In: Schrenck, L. von, Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande in den Jahren 1854 - 1856 im Auftrage der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgefuhrt und in Verbindung mit mehren Gelehrten. Zweiter Band. Zoologie: Lepidopteren, Coleopteren, Mollusken. Mit 28 kolorierten Tafeln und 3 Karten. Eggers und Comp., H. Schmitzdorff und J. Issakof, St. Petersburg." type="journal article" year="1860">Motschulsky (1860)</bibRefCitation>
; thus, the name is authored by Mannerheim in 1853.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF89FFB85EBDF38CE0540249" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
proposed the subfamily Strongylophthalmyinae [sic] within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85D50F38CE7AB039C" box="[890,982,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psilidae</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85DCEF38CE0F1039C" author="Hennig" box="[996,1164,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Hennig, W. (1958) Die Familien der Diptera Schizophora un ihre phylogenetischen Verwantschaftsbeziehungen. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 8, 508 - 687." type="journal article" year="1958">Hennig (1958)</bibRefCitation>
was the first to treat it within its own family, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85F93F3A7E6B703F9" box="[441,714,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strongylophthalmyiidae</taxonomicName>
, noting synapomorphies with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85A6AF3A7E0AC03F9" box="[1088,1233,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tanypezidae</taxonomicName>
. Because of the monophyly and synapomorphies of the two family-groups, some authors (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85A01F3C4E0AD03D4" author="Griffiths" box="[1067,1232,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Griffiths, G. C. D. (1972) The phylogenetic placement of Diptera Cyclorrhapha with special reference to the structure of the male postabdomen. Series Entomologica 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 340 pp." type="book" year="1972">Griffiths 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85AF5F3C4E1E903D4" author="McAlpine" box="[1247,1428,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="McAlpine, D. K. (1997) Gobryidae, a new family of acalyptrate flies (Diptera: Diopsoidea), and a discussion of relationships of the diopsoid families. Records of the Australian Museum, 49, 167 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.49.1997.1264" type="journal article" year="1997">McAlpine 1997</bibRefCitation>
) have treated the 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85F71F21FE6140231" box="[347,617,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strongylophthalmyiidae</taxonomicName>
as a subfamily within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85D82F21FE0440231" box="[936,1081,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tanypezidae</taxonomicName>
; while others have maintained Hennig’s (1958) separate family status (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85CB4F23CE73C026C" author="Steyskal" box="[670,833,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1977) Family Strongylophthalmyiidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. &amp; Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Volume III. Suborder Cyclorrhapha (excluding Division Aschiza). University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 21 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1977">Steyskal 1977</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85D65F233E7F7026C" author="Steyskal" box="[847,906,296,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1987) Strongylophthalmyiidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R &amp; Wood, D. M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 2. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 777 - 779." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85DB3F23CE01C026C" author="Stackelberg" box="[921,1121,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Stackelberg, A. A. (1988) Family Strongylophthalmyiidae. In: Bei-Bienko, G. Y. (Ed.), Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Volume V. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part II. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., pp. 183." type="book chapter" year="1988">Stackelberg 1988</bibRefCitation>
; McAlpine 1989; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85B1EF23CE4AF0248" author="Evenhuis" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (1989) Family Strongylophthalmyiidae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Bishop Museum Special Publication, 86, 472." type="journal article" year="1989">Evenhuis 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85EF7F257E5650248" author="Evenhuis" box="[221,280,332,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (1998) Family Strongylophthalmyiidae. In: Oosterbroek, P. (Ed.), The families of Diptera of the Malay Archipelago. Fauna Malesiana Handbook 1, 103 - 104." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85F0EF256E5DA0248" author="Iwasa" box="[292,423,332,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Iwasa, M. (1999) Family Strongylophthalmyiidae. In: Papp, L. &amp; Darvas, B. (Eds.), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 3. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 173 - 175." type="book" year="1999">Iwasa 1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85F99F256E6BE0248" author="Iwasa" box="[435,707,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Iwasa, M. &amp; Evenhuis, N. L. (2014) The Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera) from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of five new species. Entomological Science, 17, 96 - 105. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / ens. 12033" type="journal article" year="2014">Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85CE4F257E0600249" author="Galinskaya" box="[718,1053,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Galinskaya, T. V. &amp; Shatalkin, A. I. (2016) Eight new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller from Vietnam with a key to species of the genus from Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae). ZooKeys, 625, 111 - 142." type="journal article" year="2016">Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF89FFB85EEDF274E7130014" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
Lonsdale’s (2013) phylogenetic analysis noted a number of synapomorphies for 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85EBDF28FE5DA0281" box="[151,423,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strongylophthalmyiidae</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85F9FF28FE6380281" box="[437,581,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tanypezidae</taxonomicName>
, including the wide prosternum reaching the proepisternum; calypter large, lobe-like; surstylus fused to epandrium [= non-motile surstylus of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85DA2F2ACE04E02FC" author="Hennig" box="[904,1075,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Hennig, W. (1958) Die Familien der Diptera Schizophora un ihre phylogenetischen Verwantschaftsbeziehungen. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 8, 508 - 687." type="journal article" year="1958">Hennig (1958)</bibRefCitation>
]; elongate band-like postgonite; and epiphallus plate-like, comprising two articulating sclerites. The autapomorphies he listed for 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85EBDF2E4E5D80134" box="[151,421,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strongylophthalmyiidae</taxonomicName>
include the absence of a suture between prosternum and proepisternum; postvertical bristle anteroclinate; lateral scutellar bristles absent; distiphallus long, two-segmented with sclerotized apical section; and a single developed spermatheca. My examination in this study shows the distiphallus of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85B0CF153E1E6014C" box="[1318,1435,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85B0CF153E1E6014C" box="[1318,1435,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group appearing to be two-segmented; however, that of the remaining species is unsegmented. Regarding the spermathecal character, this was based on examination of a Nearctic species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85A3FF194E0C60184" author="Hennig" box="[1045,1211,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Hennig, W. (1958) Die Familien der Diptera Schizophora un ihre phylogenetischen Verwantschaftsbeziehungen. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 8, 508 - 687." type="journal article" year="1958">Hennig (1958)</bibRefCitation>
also noted a single sclerotized spermatheca based on his study of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85C8AF1AEE76B01E1" box="[672,790,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85C8AF1AEE76B01E1" box="[672,790,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. My study here shows the single sclerotized spermatheca to be restricted only to species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85C1DF1C3E6D001DC" box="[567,685,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85C1DF1C3E6D001DC" box="[567,685,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group [a second spermatheca was noted in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85AC0F1C3E11101DC" box="[1258,1388,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pengellyi">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85AC0F1C3E11101DC" box="[1258,1388,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S. pengellyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85EBDF1E6E52D0038" box="[151,336,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustipennis">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85EBDF1E6E52D0038" box="[151,336,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S. angustipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85F56F1E7E6660039" author="Barber" box="[380,539,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Barber, K. N. (2006) Strongylophthalmyia pengellyi n. sp., a second species of Nearctic Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137, 81 - 109." type="journal article" year="2006">Barber (2006)</bibRefCitation>
but it is considerably reduced and not sclerotized]; the remainder of species in the genus have two well developed and sclerotized spermathecae
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF89FFB85EEDF05FE65D07E9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
Molecular studies have not been specifically conducted to corroborate the putative monophyly of the family and relationships within the Diopsoidea, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85C85F07CE7C000AC" box="[687,957,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strongylophthalmyiidae</taxonomicName>
have been included in a few molecular analyses: e.g., as part of a larger analysis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85CA5F097E69E0089" box="[655,739,908,933]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
families (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85D7FF097E02E0088" author="Wiegmann" box="[853,1107,908,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Wiegmann, B. M., Trautwein, M. D., Winkler, I. S., Barr, N. B., Kim, J. W., Lambkin, C., Bertone, M. A., Cassel, B. K., Bayless, K. M., Heimberg, A. M., Wheeler, B. M., Peterson, K. J., Pape, T., Sinclair, B. J., Skevington, J. H., Blagoderov, V., Caravas, J., Kutty, S. N., Schmidt-Ott, U., Kampmeier, G. E., Thompson, F. C., Grimaldi, D. A., Beckenbach, A. T., Courtney, G. W., Friedrich, M., Meier, R. &amp; Yeates, D. K. (2011) Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (14), 5690 - 5695. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1012675108" type="journal article" year="2011">
Wiegmann 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85DF3F096E0760089" box="[985,1035,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
) and as an outgroup of other taxa being analyzed (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85FE3F0B4E69E00E4" author="Gibson" box="[457,739,943,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Gibson, J. F., Skevington, J. H. &amp; Kelso, S. (2010) Placement of Conopidae (Diptera) within Schizophora based on mtDNA and nrDNA regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56 (1), 91 - 103. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.03.026" type="journal article" year="2010">
Gibson 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85C13F0AAE6FC00E4" box="[569,641,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). In the former study, the analysis recovered a 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85EBDF0CFE5D800C1" box="[151,421,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strongylophthalmyiidae</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85F99F0CFE63F00C1" box="[435,578,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tanypezidae</taxonomicName>
clade with moderate support. In the latter study, a sister-group relationship with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85EFEF0ECE550073C" box="[212,301,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psilidae</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85F11F0ECE5AB073C" box="[315,470,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Micropezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Micropezidae</taxonomicName>
was shown in one most parsimonious cladogram, while a majority rule consensus cladogram showed 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85F54F707E6F10719" box="[382,652,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strongylophthalmyiidae</taxonomicName>
having a sister-group relationship with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85A5EF707E0B30719" box="[1140,1230,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psilidae</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85AF6F707E10E0719" box="[1244,1395,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Pallopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pallopteridae</taxonomicName>
. In another study, which used a combination of morphological and molecular characters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85A8CF724E1ED0774" author="Gibson" box="[1190,1424,1087,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Gibson, J. F., Skevington, J. H. &amp; Kelso, J. (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of relationships among genera of Conopidae (Diptera) based on molecular and morphological data. Cladistics, 29, 193 - 226. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2012.00422. x" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gibson 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85B2CF75AE1430774" box="[1286,1342,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85EBDF77FE5D80751" box="[151,421,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strongylophthalmyiidae</taxonomicName>
was shown to be the sister to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85CD1F77FE7280751" box="[763,853,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psilidae</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85D4EF77FE79D0751" box="[868,992,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyrgotidae</taxonomicName>
. Obviously much more study and more representative taxa are needed to provide more accurate phylogenetic placement of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85AA4F79CE1E1078C" box="[1166,1436,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Strongylophthalmyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strongylophthalmyiidae</taxonomicName>
with other taxa in the Schizophora.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF89FFB85EEDF7CAE5B70678" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
I follow 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85F0CF7D4E5A307C4" author="Lonsdale" box="[294,478,1231,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Lonsdale, O. (2013) Review of the families Tanypezidae and Strongylophthalmyiidae, with a revision of Neotanypeza Hendel (Diptera: Schizophora). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 641, 60 pp." type="book" year="2013">Lonsdale (2013)</bibRefCitation>
in maintaining a separate family status, based on the autapomorphies he listed as well as the presence of downward-projecting anterior lobes of the hypandrium (noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85AEBF7EFE1170620" author="Griffiths" box="[1217,1386,1268,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Griffiths, G. C. D. (1972) The phylogenetic placement of Diptera Cyclorrhapha with special reference to the structure of the male postabdomen. Series Entomologica 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 340 pp." type="book" year="1972">Griffiths 1972</bibRefCitation>
[as “?pregonites”]), presence of a dorsal bridge of the hypandrium (noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85DF5F60CE0F7061C" author="Sueyoshi" box="[991,1162,1303,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Sueyoshi, M. (2006) Comparative morphology of the male terminalia of Tephritidae and other Cyclorrhapha. Israel Journal of Entomology, 35, 477 - 496." type="journal article" year="2006">Sueyoshi 2006</bibRefCitation>
), and the incomplete Sc (noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85F22F627E5C00678" author="McAlpine" box="[264,445,1340,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1987) Phylogeny and classification of the Muscomorpha. In: McAlpine, J. F. (Ed.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 3. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 1357 - 1518." type="book" year="1987">McAlpine 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF89FFB85EEDF644E05D0654" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1056,1375,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85EEDF644E5880654" bold="true" box="[199,501,1375,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Generic characters. Male</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85C29F644E6210654" box="[515,604,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Lengths</emphasis>
. Body: 2.0– 
<quantity id="4C949B2BFF89FFB85CCDF644E7420654" box="[743,831,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
; wing: 2.0– 
<quantity id="4C949B2BFF89FFB85DE9F644E0610654" box="[963,1052,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF89FFB85EEDF69FE00D045C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85EEDF69FE57806B1" bold="true" box="[199,261,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Head</emphasis>
. Head in lateral view globose (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF89FFB85C8FF69FE69406B1" box="[677,745,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="11.[151,263,1003,1026]" captionTargetBox="[213,1346,167,979]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[213,1347,167,979]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Male Strongylophthalmyia heads. 5. S. thailandica, frontal-lateral angled view. 6. S. thailandica, n. sp., lateral view. 7. S. darlingi, n. sp.." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165873/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) or elongate (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF89FFB85DE9F69FE07506B0" box="[963,1032,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="11.[151,263,1003,1026]" captionTargetBox="[213,1346,167,979]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[213,1347,167,979]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Male Strongylophthalmyia heads. 5. S. thailandica, frontal-lateral angled view. 6. S. thailandica, n. sp., lateral view. 7. S. darlingi, n. sp.." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165873/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), in dorsal view as wide or slightly wider than width of thorax; frons wide in both sexes with ocellar tubercle positioned anteriad of posterior margin of eye orbits (placed more posteriorly in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85C61F6D6E72B06C9" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" box="[587,854,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichuanica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85C61F6D6E69F06C9" box="[587,738,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S. sichuanica</emphasis>
Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57A7FF89FFB85D48F6D7E7DE06C9" box="[866,931,1484,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85D48F6D7E7DE06C9" bold="true" box="[866,931,1484,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85DF6F6D6E4A90524" authority="Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016" authorityName="Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavryushini">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85DF6F6D6E00306C9" box="[988,1150,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S. gavryushini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF89FFB85AACF6D7E4A90524" author="Galinskaya" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Galinskaya, T. V. &amp; Shatalkin, A. I. (2016) Eight new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller from Vietnam with a key to species of the genus from Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae). ZooKeys, 625, 111 - 142." type="journal article" year="2016">Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
); eye margin concave at postgena; inner eye margin converging below antennae to produce narrow face; face unsclerotized medially (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF89FFB85F8FF50FE66C0500" box="[421,529,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 9" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[225,1359,1106,1587]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[225,1359,1106,1587]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 9. Strongylophthalmyia heads, frontal view, undescribed new species from Sumatra (S. fascipennis group). 8. Male. 9. Female. Arrow points to clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs. 8–9</figureCitation>
); clypeus (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF89FFB85CA1F50FE6B00500" box="[651,717,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 9" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[225,1359,1106,1587]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[225,1359,1106,1587]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 9. Strongylophthalmyia heads, frontal view, undescribed new species from Sumatra (S. fascipennis group). 8. Male. 9. Female. Arrow points to clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268054/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) small, subquadrate, to very thin and band-like, or membranous and appearing absent; vibrissa absent; gena narrow, often pollinose, with short, fine or strong, yellow to black hairs; palpus white, yellowish brown, brown, or black, bacilliform to ovate in normal shape, but sometimes lengthened with dilated apex with flattened processes, glove-shaped (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85DF2F59BE03005B4" box="[984,1101,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caestus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85DF2F59BE79B05BB" box="[984,998,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85DD1F59AE03005B4" box="[1019,1101,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">caestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57A7FF89FFB85A48F564E0D505B4" box="[1122,1192,1663,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85A48F564E0D505B4" bold="true" box="[1122,1192,1663,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
), racquet-shaped (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85BADF59BE4920591" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="federeri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85BADF59BE1E805BB" box="[1415,1429,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85EBDF5BFE4920591" box="[151,239,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">federeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57A7FF89FFB85ED6F5BFE5460591" box="[252,315,1700,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85ED6F5BFE5460591" bold="true" box="[252,315,1700,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
), or disc-shaped (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85C2CF5BEE6BD0590" authority="Papp" authorityName="Papp" box="[518,704,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpalis">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85C2CF5BEE6000591" box="[518,637,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">S. palpalis</emphasis>
Papp
</taxonomicName>
), apex usually darker than remainder and/or with fine, thickened, or scale-like setae or spines on apical and/or ventral portions (cf. 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF89FFB85D52F5DCE78305CC" box="[888,1022,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 17" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1429,1452]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,519,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[226,1360,519,1395]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 17. Male Strongylophthalmyia palpus, left lateral view. 10. S. albisternum, n. sp.; 11. S. borneensis, n. sp.; 12. S. caestus, n. sp.; 13. S. federeri, n. sp.; 14. S. hauseri, n. sp.; 15. S. nigripalpis, n. sp.; 16. S. punctata Hennig; 17. S. thailandica, n. sp.." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165875/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs. 10–17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF89FFB85A21F5DCE02B05CC" box="[1035,1110,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[162,1417,206,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 86. Strongylophthalmyia structures (redrawn from Shatalkin, 1993). 82 – 83. S. raricornis Shatalkin, antenna, left lateral view; 82. male; 83. female; 84 – 85. Male palpus, left lateral view; 84. S. raricornis Shatalkin; 85. S. stackelbergi Krivosheina; 86. S. crinita Hennig, male phallic complex, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165887/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">84–85</figureCitation>
). Chaetotaxy as follows: 3–5 frontal-orbitals (very fine and hard to discern), 2–[rarely] 3 frontal-orbitals (distinct as easily seen), 1 ocellar, 1 postvertical, 2 verticals; vibrissae absent. [NB: The chaetotaxy of the head and thorax of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF89FFB85ABDF414E1FD0404" box="[1175,1408,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85ABDF414E1FD0404" box="[1175,1408,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Strongylophthalmyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is fairly consistent for the genus but has been found to be highly variable within species and thus not useful in characterizing species. It is therefore not added to the species descriptions in this work.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF89FFBF5EEDF467E06E026C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF89FFB85EEDF467E55604B9" bold="true" box="[199,299,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Antenna</emphasis>
. Scape subcylindrical with ring of short stiff setae dorsoapically; pedicel flared apically and extending mesally onto medial portion of flagellomere, with dorsoapical ring of stiff setae, often with single strong apical seta that can be mistaken for a short antennal arista when the arista has been broken off; flagellomere ovate (normal) (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5F23F38CE527039C" box="[265,346,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 33" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[245,1337,193,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[245,1337,193,1865]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 33. Male Strongylophthalmyia, antennae. 26. S. laosensis, n. sp., arrow points to short dorsal antennal process; 27. S. lowi, n. sp.; 28. S. malayensis, n. sp.; 29. S. microstyla Shatalkin, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 30. S. nigricornis Frey; 31. S. nigripalpis, n. sp., arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 32. S. palpalis Papp, photo: courtesy HNHM, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 33. S. pappi, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165877/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
) or extremely large and rounded (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5CF6F383E7C8039C" authority="Papp" authorityName="Papp" box="[732,949,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocera">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5CF6F383E70C039C" box="[732,881,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. macrocera</emphasis>
Papp
</taxonomicName>
), bifid (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5A24F383E16F039C" authority="Shatalkin" authorityName="Shatalkin" box="[1038,1298,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raricornis">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5A24F383E0E0039C" box="[1038,1181,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. raricornis</emphasis>
Shatalkin
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5B37F38CE10D039C" box="[1309,1392,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[162,1417,206,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 86. Strongylophthalmyia structures (redrawn from Shatalkin, 1993). 82 – 83. S. raricornis Shatalkin, antenna, left lateral view; 82. male; 83. female; 84 – 85. Male palpus, left lateral view; 84. S. raricornis Shatalkin; 85. S. stackelbergi Krivosheina; 86. S. crinita Hennig, male phallic complex, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165887/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
), or modified as axe-shaped, bean-shaped, or subrhomboid (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5D3CF3A6E7EB03F8" box="[790,918,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5D3CF3A6E7EB03F8" box="[790,918,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group); flagellomere sometimes (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5B36F3A6E1E103F8" box="[1308,1436,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5B36F3A6E1E103F8" box="[1308,1436,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) with a dorsal process of varying lengths and shapes (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5DA3F3C4E06703D4" box="[905,1050,223,248]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 26 – 33" captionStart-1="FIGURES 34 – 37" captionStart-2="FIGURES 38 – 41" captionStartId-0="15.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,264,1065,1088]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,264,1558,1581]" captionTargetBox-0="[245,1337,193,1864]" captionTargetBox-1="[215,1348,193,1039]" captionTargetBox-2="[219,1353,519,1516]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[245,1337,193,1865]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[215,1349,193,1040]" captionTargetId-2="figure@18.[219,1353,519,1516]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionText-0="FIGURES 26 – 33. Male Strongylophthalmyia, antennae. 26. S. laosensis, n. sp., arrow points to short dorsal antennal process; 27. S. lowi, n. sp.; 28. S. malayensis, n. sp.; 29. S. microstyla Shatalkin, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 30. S. nigricornis Frey; 31. S. nigripalpis, n. sp., arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 32. S. palpalis Papp, photo: courtesy HNHM, arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 33. S. pappi, n. sp." captionText-1="FIGURES 34 – 37. Male Strongylophthalmyia, antennae. 34. S. punctata Hennig, holotype; 35. S. sumatrana, n. sp., arrow points to minute dorsal antennal process; 36. S. thaii Papp; 37. S. thailandica, n. sp." captionText-2="FIGURES 38 – 41. Male Strongylophthalmyia, thoraces, left lateral view. 38. S. hauseri, n. sp.; 39. S. lowi, n. sp.; 40. S. nigripalpis, n. sp.; 41. S. pappi, n. sp." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/165877/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/165878/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/165879/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs. 26–41</figureCitation>
); arista two-segmented, inserted subbasally on the dorsal surface, micro-pubescent (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5D03F21EE7DE0231" box="[809,931,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5D03F21EE7DE0231" box="[809,931,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) or bare, length varying from short, stump-like, one-half length of flagellomere to two times length of flagellomere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8EFFBF5EEDF257E00200AC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5EEDF257E5610249" bold="true" box="[199,284,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Thorax</emphasis>
. Micropezid or tanypezid-shaped in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5D77F257E7950249" box="[861,1000,332,357]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 38 – 41" captionStart-1="FIGURES 42 – 45" captionStartId-0="18.[151,264,1558,1581]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,264,1238,1261]" captionTargetBox-0="[219,1353,519,1516]" captionTargetBox-1="[225,1358,193,1198]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[219,1353,519,1516]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[225,1359,193,1199]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="FIGURES 38 – 41. Male Strongylophthalmyia, thoraces, left lateral view. 38. S. hauseri, n. sp.; 39. S. lowi, n. sp.; 40. S. nigripalpis, n. sp.; 41. S. pappi, n. sp." captionText-1="FIGURES 42 – 45. Male Strongylophthalmyia, thoraces, left lateral view. 42. S. punctata Hennig; 43. S. spinosa Frey, photo: courtesy MZH; 44. S. thailandica, n. sp.; 45. S. ustulata (Zetterstedt)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/165879/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/165880/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs. 38–45</figureCitation>
), twice as long as wide, with anterior portion extremely narrowed toward cervical area, with anepisternum and katepisternum expanded resulting in fore coxae being placed far from mid and hind coxae, which are in close approximation; propleuron, anepisternum and katepisternum appearing fused, without distinct sutures; mesonotum flattened and generally shining but some species dull (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5F48F2C6E5A402D9" box="[354,473,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5F48F2C6E5A402D9" box="[354,473,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group), in dorsal view with distinct transverse suture; scutellum small, hemispherical to squarish; metanotum enlarged, extending posterior to scutellum; laterotergite with minute vestiture of varying colors; halter stalk with or without basal setulae. Non-chaetotaxic vestiture variable, mesonotum often with sparse or dense setulae or hairs, scattered or in rows, of varying lengths; ranging from decumbent, thick, and rather dense (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5E8AF176E56101A9" box="[160,284,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5E8AF176E56101A9" box="[160,284,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5F56F177E5AC01A8" box="[380,465,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 97 – 102" captionStartId="31.[151,263,1392,1415]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,189,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[224,1358,189,1374]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 97 – 102. Strongylophthalmyia live habitus. 97. S. ustulata (Zetterstedt) male, Russia, showing coarse mesonotal vestiture; photo Dimitry Gavryushin, via Flickr; 98. S. sp., Philippines, female, ovipositing in fallen log; 99. S. angustipennis Melander, Canada, male (top) and female (bottom) in copula; 100. S. sp., Vietnam, female ovipositing in beetle bores; 101. S. angustipennis, male; 102. S. elegantissima, male, Vietnam. Figs. 98 – 102 courtesy Stephen A. Marshall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165890/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
) to erect, fine and sparse (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5D7AF177E7A301A8" box="[848,990,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 41" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1558,1581]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,519,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[219,1353,519,1516]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 41. Male Strongylophthalmyia, thoraces, left lateral view. 38. S. hauseri, n. sp.; 39. S. lowi, n. sp.; 40. S. nigripalpis, n. sp.; 41. S. pappi, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165879/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs. 38–41</figureCitation>
). Thoracic setae strong, black; with 0 proepisternals, 1 anepisternal seta, 0 katepisternals, 1–2 notopleurals, 0 acrostichals (although fine setulae occur in some species along the acrostichal row), 1–[2–3] [rarely 4–7] dorsocentrals, 1 supraalar, 1 postalar, 1 scutellar (lateral scutellars weak or absent in the family) [see remarks above under “Head” for the comments on the utility of chaetotaxy in distinguishing species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5C47F1E7E72B0039" box="[621,854,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5C47F1E7E72B0039" box="[621,854,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Strongylophthalmyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]; anepisternum with hairs scattered, or clustered posteriorly, or along notopleural suture, tuft of curved hairs medioventrally on anepisternum in some species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5EBDF05EE5650070" box="[151,280,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5EBDF05EE5650070" box="[151,280,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5FF2F05FE6190070" box="[472,612,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 41" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1558,1581]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,519,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[219,1353,519,1516]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 41. Male Strongylophthalmyia, thoraces, left lateral view. 38. S. hauseri, n. sp.; 39. S. lowi, n. sp.; 40. S. nigripalpis, n. sp.; 41. S. pappi, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165879/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs. 38, 41</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5C5EF05FE6BC0070" box="[628,705,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 45" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1238,1261]" captionTargetBox="[225,1358,193,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[225,1359,193,1199]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 45. Male Strongylophthalmyia, thoraces, left lateral view. 42. S. punctata Hennig; 43. S. spinosa Frey, photo: courtesy MZH; 44. S. thailandica, n. sp.; 45. S. ustulata (Zetterstedt)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165880/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">42, 44</figureCitation>
); katepisternum often with hairs ventrolaterally near mid coxa; laterotergite often with fine vestiture (concolorous with cuticle making it difficult to see).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8EFFBF5EEDF097E76C061C" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5EEDF097E480008F" bold="true" box="[199,253,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Legs</emphasis>
. Generally long and thin, with or without male secondary sexual character modifications including processes and setal patterns; fore coxae usually with strong hairs anteroapically; fore femur with short thorn-like spicules dorsally (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5F49F0CEE59C00C0" box="[355,481,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5F49F0CEE59C00C0" box="[355,481,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup) or without; other setal modifications of fore femur can include possessing extremely long, stiff lateral setae basally (e.g., 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5C87F0E3E751073C" box="[685,812,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5C87F0E3E755073C" box="[685,808,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlingi" status="sp. nov.">S. darlingi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5D1EF0ECE709073C" bold="true" box="[820,884,1015,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57A7FF8EFFBF5D1EF0ECE709073C" box="[820,884,1015,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
), one or two clusters of hairs in close proximity ventrally that sometimes make thorn-like process(es) subbasally (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5D82F706E0220718" authority="Papp" authorityName="Papp" box="[936,1119,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpalis">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5D82F706E0630719" box="[936,1054,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. palpalis</emphasis>
Papp
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5A5FF707E0B50718" box="[1141,1224,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 77" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1127,1150]" captionTargetBox="[209,1342,193,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[209,1343,193,1101]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 77. Male Strongylophthalmyia, fore femur, left lateral view. 70. S. microstyla Shatalkin,, arrow points ventral thorn-like seta; 71. S. nigripalpis, n. sp., arrow points to tight thorn-like cluster of setae; 72. S. palpalis Papp, holotype, photo: courtesy HNHM, arrow points to tight thorn-like cluster of setae; 73. S. pappi, n. sp.; 74. S. punctata Hennig, holotype; 75. S. spinosa Frey, holotype, photo: courtesy MZH; 76. S. thaii Papp; 77. S. thailandica, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165885/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
), or a single strong black thorn-like seta (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5FBAF75BE6EB0774" authority="Shatalkin" authorityName="Shatalkin" box="[400,662,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microstyla">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5FBAF75BE65E0774" box="[400,547,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. microstyla</emphasis>
Shatalkin
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5C84F724E7790774" box="[686,772,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 77" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1127,1150]" captionTargetBox="[209,1342,193,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[209,1343,193,1101]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 77. Male Strongylophthalmyia, fore femur, left lateral view. 70. S. microstyla Shatalkin,, arrow points ventral thorn-like seta; 71. S. nigripalpis, n. sp., arrow points to tight thorn-like cluster of setae; 72. S. palpalis Papp, holotype, photo: courtesy HNHM, arrow points to tight thorn-like cluster of setae; 73. S. pappi, n. sp.; 74. S. punctata Hennig, holotype; 75. S. spinosa Frey, holotype, photo: courtesy MZH; 76. S. thaii Papp; 77. S. thailandica, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165885/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
). Mid and hind legs up to two times longer than fore legs; mid legs normally unmodified, mid basitarsus modified in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5D1BF77EE7C90751" box="[817,948,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pengellyi">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5D1BF77EE7C90751" box="[817,948,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. pengellyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF8EFFBF5DDBF77FE0FD0751" author="Barber" box="[1009,1152,1124,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" refString="Barber, K. N. (2006) Strongylophthalmyia pengellyi n. sp., a second species of Nearctic Strongylophthalmyiidae (Diptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 137, 81 - 109." type="journal article" year="2006">Barber 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5AA7F77FE16A0750" box="[1165,1303,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 17" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1429,1452]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,519,1395]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[226,1360,519,1395]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 17. Male Strongylophthalmyia palpus, left lateral view. 10. S. albisternum, n. sp.; 11. S. borneensis, n. sp.; 12. S. caestus, n. sp.; 13. S. federeri, n. sp.; 14. S. hauseri, n. sp.; 15. S. nigripalpis, n. sp.; 16. S. punctata Hennig; 17. S. thailandica, n. sp.." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165875/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs. 16, 17</figureCitation>
)]; hind legs with dense, thin translucent or opaque (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5C64F79CE6E3078C" box="[590,670,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1850,1873]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,1292,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[218,1352,1292,1814]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 81. Male Strongylophthalmyia, legs. 78 – 80. Hind basitarsi. 78. S. microstyla Shatalkin; 79. S. pappi, n. sp.; 80. S. papuana Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis [NB: the scales along the right-hand margin of the basitarsus in the photo are Lepidoptera scales from the Malaise-trapped collecting of this specimen and not to be confused with the orange-colored scale-like setae of the basitarsus]; 81. S. papuana Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis, base of hind leg, showing minute papillate protuberances on trochanter and base of femur." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165886/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
) scale-like setae on mesal surface of basitarsus in males and females [often difficult to see until light reflects off of them] (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5D14F7B7E7BD07E8" box="[830,960,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1850,1873]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,1292,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[218,1352,1292,1814]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 81. Male Strongylophthalmyia, legs. 78 – 80. Hind basitarsi. 78. S. microstyla Shatalkin; 79. S. pappi, n. sp.; 80. S. papuana Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis [NB: the scales along the right-hand margin of the basitarsus in the photo are Lepidoptera scales from the Malaise-trapped collecting of this specimen and not to be confused with the orange-colored scale-like setae of the basitarsus]; 81. S. papuana Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis, base of hind leg, showing minute papillate protuberances on trochanter and base of femur." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165886/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 78, 79</figureCitation>
); hind legs otherwise mostly unmodified, some species with trochanter and/or base of femur possessing one, two, or three minute papillate protuberances of varying shapes (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5FA5F7EFE5990620" box="[399,484,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 78 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1850,1873]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,1292,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[218,1352,1292,1814]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 78 – 81. Male Strongylophthalmyia, legs. 78 – 80. Hind basitarsi. 78. S. microstyla Shatalkin; 79. S. pappi, n. sp.; 80. S. papuana Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis [NB: the scales along the right-hand margin of the basitarsus in the photo are Lepidoptera scales from the Malaise-trapped collecting of this specimen and not to be confused with the orange-colored scale-like setae of the basitarsus]; 81. S. papuana Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis, base of hind leg, showing minute papillate protuberances on trochanter and base of femur." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165886/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
), some bearing setae, others bare. Hind basitarsus normally subequal in length to second tarsal segment, but much longer in some species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8EFFBF5EEDF627E75205E1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5EEDF627E5790679" bold="true" box="[199,260,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5F3FF627E5DC0679" box="[277,417,1340,1365]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 46 – 49" captionStart-1="FIGURES 50 – 53" captionStartId-0="19.[151,264,1961,1984]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,264,719,742]" captionTargetBox-0="[219,1353,1341,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[231,1359,193,679]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[219,1353,1341,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[231,1365,193,679]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="FIGURES 46 – 49. Male Strongylophthalmyia, right wing, dorsal view. 46. S. borneensis, n. sp., Wing Interference Pattern (WIP); 47. S. borneensis, n. sp., normal view. 48. S. punctata Hennig, WIP; 49. S. punctata Hennig, normal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 50 – 53. Male Strongylophthalmyia, right wing, dorsal view. 50. S. palpalis Papp, photo: courtesy HNHM, anal lobe folded toward viewer giving false appearance of reduced shape; 51. S. shatalkini Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis; 52. S. spinosa Frey, photo: courtesy MZH, anal lobe folded toward viewer giving false appearance of reduced shape; 53. S. ustulata (Zetterstedt)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/165881/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/165882/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs. 46–53</figureCitation>
). Hyaline (most species), fumose (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5D06F626E0ED0679" authority="Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis" box="[812,1168,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantica">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5D06F626E7CE0678" box="[812,947,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. gigantica</emphasis>
Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
), with a tinge of brown medially and apically (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5FFDF67BE6130654" box="[471,622,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5FFDF67BE6130654" box="[471,622,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57A7FF8EFFBF5C55F644E6BD0654" box="[639,704,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5C55F644E6BD0654" bold="true" box="[639,704,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
), infuscated with dark spot apically (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5A82F67BE1070654" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[1192,1402,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5A82F67BE1620654" box="[1192,1311,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. fasciata</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5BADF67BE48C06B1" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5BADF67BE48C06B1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group), or with transverse banding (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5CA6F69EE75B06B0" box="[652,806,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipennis">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5CA6F69EE75B06B0" box="[652,806,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. fascipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group); single costal break just before junction with R1; costal vein ending at M1+2; Sc incomplete, effaced just before costal break; cell bm ends at or before level of R1 apex; R2+3 of variable length, ending before, at, or beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; distalmost portion of R4+5 and M1+2 parallel or slightly convergent at wing margin, never strongly convergent; cell dm long, length over five times width; crossvein r-m at or before halfway point of cell dm; crossvein dm-cu sloping toward (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5B3FF504E113051B" box="[1301,1390,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,1341,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[219,1353,1341,1932]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 49. Male Strongylophthalmyia, right wing, dorsal view. 46. S. borneensis, n. sp., Wing Interference Pattern (WIP); 47. S. borneensis, n. sp., normal view. 48. S. punctata Hennig, WIP; 49. S. punctata Hennig, normal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165881/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
) or perpendicular to (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5F48F558E5CB0570" box="[354,438,1603,1628]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 53" captionStartId="20.[151,264,719,742]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,193,679]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[231,1365,193,679]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 53. Male Strongylophthalmyia, right wing, dorsal view. 50. S. palpalis Papp, photo: courtesy HNHM, anal lobe folded toward viewer giving false appearance of reduced shape; 51. S. shatalkini Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis; 52. S. spinosa Frey, photo: courtesy MZH, anal lobe folded toward viewer giving false appearance of reduced shape; 53. S. ustulata (Zetterstedt)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165882/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
) CuA1; distalmost section of CuA1 to wing margin much shorter than length of dm-cu (most species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5F7DF570E5B305AF" box="[343,462,1642,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5F7DF570E5B305AF" box="[343,462,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group), subequal in length to, or longer than crossvein dm-cu; A1+CuA2 long, but not reaching wing margin; anal lobe present and well developed or slightly narrowed, but never extremely reduced; alula small; calypter rounded with fringe of long stiff hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8EFFBE5EEDF5C2E75302A4" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1256]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5EEDF5C2E48105DC" bold="true" box="[199,252,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">WIP</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5F21F5C3E5EE05DD" box="[267,403,1752,1777]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 – 61" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[220,1353,836,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[220,1354,835,1922]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 54 – 61. Male Strongylophthalmyia, right wing, dorsal view, Wing Interference Patterns. 54. S. immaculata Hennig; 55. S. lowi, n. sp.; 56. S. malayensis, n. sp.; 57. S. microstyla Shatalkin; 58. S. pappi, n. sp.; 59. S. sumatrana, n. sp.; 60. S. thaii Papp; 61. S. thailandica, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165883/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs. 54–61</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8EFFBF5FB4F5C3E5C305DD" box="[414,446,1752,1777]" captionStart="FIGURES 91 – 96" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1181,1204]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,193,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[228,1362,193,1155]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 91 – 96. Strongylophthalmyia morphological features. 98. S. oxybeles, n. sp., male antenna, left lateral view; 99. S. sichuanica, n. sp. male antenna, left lateral view; 100. S. sichuanica, n. sp., male palpus, left lateral view; 101. S. oxybeles, n. sp., male fore femur, left lateral view; 102. S. sichuanica, n. sp., male fore femur, left lateral view; 103. S. sichuanica, n. sp., male wing showing Wing Interference Pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268057/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">96</figureCitation>
). Wing Interference Patterns (WIP) were examined for all species not preserved in fluid, but could only be illustrated for a few species in this study due to distortion, folding, or inaccessibility to photography because of obstructions of body features. All species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8EFFBF5D86F43BE0E80415" box="[940,1173,1824,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5D86F43BE0E80415" box="[940,1173,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Strongylophthalmyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess WIP, although the number of individuals in this study that had wings suitable for study was minimal, so results shown here and described should be considered preliminary. These color patterns were recently discovered (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF8EFFBF5A8DF473E1E104AD" author="Shevtsova" box="[1191,1436,1896,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" refString="Shevtsova, E., Hansson, Janzen, D. &amp; Kjaerandsen, J. (2011) Stable structural patterns displayed on transparent insect wings. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 108 (2), 668 - 673. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1017393108" type="journal article" year="2011">
Shevtsova 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5B0EF471E12B04AD" box="[1316,1366,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
et al.) as occurring in a number of flying insects. They may be used in sexual selection and/or mate recognition (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF8EFFBF5EB4F4AAE5EE04E5" author="Katayama" box="[158,403,1968,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" refString="Katayama, N., Abbott, J. K., Kjaerandsen, J., Takahashi, Y. &amp; Svensson, E. I. (2014) Sexual selection on wing interference patterns in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111 (1420), 15144 - 15148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1407595111" type="journal article" year="2014">
Katayama 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8EFFBF5F32F4A9E53504E5" box="[280,328,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). The utility of this character in species identification bears further scrutiny. Some males and females in this study were found to exhibit similar patterns and further research may show this to be a character that can be used to associate females with males. There are clear species differences but there do not seem as yet to be clusters of pattern-types that can be used to distinguish species-groups. Most species exhibit a golden or brassy color with combinations of magenta, blue, and green in various parts of the wing. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5A62F3C4E4970231" authority="Hennig" authorityName="Hennig" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5A62F3C4E1E103D4" box="[1096,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Strongylophthalmyia punctata</emphasis>
Hennig
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5ED3F21FE5310230" box="[249,332,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,1341,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[219,1353,1341,1932]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 49. Male Strongylophthalmyia, right wing, dorsal view. 46. S. borneensis, n. sp., Wing Interference Pattern (WIP); 47. S. borneensis, n. sp., normal view. 48. S. punctata Hennig, WIP; 49. S. punctata Hennig, normal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165881/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5F4BF21EE5880230" box="[353,501,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5F4BF21EE5880230" box="[353,501,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57A7FF8FFFBE5C29F21FE63F0231" box="[515,578,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5C29F21FE63F0231" bold="true" box="[515,578,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5C78F21FE6DB0231" box="[594,678,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 – 61" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[220,1353,836,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[220,1354,835,1922]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 54 – 61. Male Strongylophthalmyia, right wing, dorsal view, Wing Interference Patterns. 54. S. immaculata Hennig; 55. S. lowi, n. sp.; 56. S. malayensis, n. sp.; 57. S. microstyla Shatalkin; 58. S. pappi, n. sp.; 59. S. sumatrana, n. sp.; 60. S. thaii Papp; 61. S. thailandica, n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165883/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5CC0F21EE7180231" box="[746,869,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichuani">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5CC0F21EE7180231" box="[746,869,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. sichuani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
c 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5D58F21EE7FD0230" box="[882,896,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5DA4F21FE7B00231" bold="true" box="[910,973,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">n. sp.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5DF7F21FE0530231" box="[989,1070,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 91 – 96" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1181,1204]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,193,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[228,1362,193,1155]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 91 – 96. Strongylophthalmyia morphological features. 98. S. oxybeles, n. sp., male antenna, left lateral view; 99. S. sichuanica, n. sp. male antenna, left lateral view; 100. S. sichuanica, n. sp., male palpus, left lateral view; 101. S. oxybeles, n. sp., male fore femur, left lateral view; 102. S. sichuanica, n. sp., male fore femur, left lateral view; 103. S. sichuanica, n. sp., male wing showing Wing Interference Pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268057/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
) differ from most species in this subgroup by having a predominant magenta or blue color in the distal medial field of the wing, this area being predominantly brassy to blue-green colored in other species. The anal lobe appears in most species to have a basal to subbasal spot of color lighter than the surrounding color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8FFFBE5EEDF28FE507014C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5EEDF28FE5480281" bold="true" box="[199,309,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Generally long and slender, dorsum generally flattened, shining brown to black with sparse erect pale hairs, longer setae posteriorly and laterally; tufts of stiff hairs may be present laterally on tergite V (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5BADF2A3E51702D9" authority="Hennig" authorityName="Hennig" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5BADF2A3E57702D8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. trifasciata</emphasis>
Hennig
</taxonomicName>
); anteriormost tergites (I, II and sometimes III) often paler in color than remainder of tergites; sternites normally sclerotized but weakly so medially, some species with sternites II and III with concavity at interstice separating the two segments, or sternites I, II and sometimes III membranous and appearing absent (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5BADF13EE560014C" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albisternum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5BADF13EE560014C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. albisternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57A7FF8FFFBE5F01F15CE514014C" box="[299,361,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5F01F15CE514014C" bold="true" box="[299,361,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8FFFBE5EEDF177E77800C0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5EEDF177E54F01A9" bold="true" box="[199,306,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Genitalia</emphasis>
(cf. 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5F4FF177E59301A9" box="[357,494,620,645]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 82 – 86" captionStart-1="FIGURES 87 – 90" captionStartId-0="27.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1417,206,1899]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1364,207,1869]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[196,1387,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionText-0="FIGURES 82 – 86. Strongylophthalmyia structures (redrawn from Shatalkin, 1993). 82 – 83. S. raricornis Shatalkin, antenna, left lateral view; 82. male; 83. female; 84 – 85. Male palpus, left lateral view; 84. S. raricornis Shatalkin; 85. S. stackelbergi Krivosheina; 86. S. crinita Hennig, male phallic complex, left lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 87 – 90. Strongylophthalmyia male postabdominal structures, all same scale. 87 – 89. S. angustipennis Melander; 87. postabdomen, left lateral view; 88. epandrium and cerci, caudal view; 89. phallic complex, left lateral view; 90. S. borneensis, n. sp., phallic complex, left lateral view. Figs. 87 – 89 from Lonsdale (2013)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/165887/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/165888/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Figs. 86–90</figureCitation>
). Male sternite VI subtriangular; sternites VII and III fused to form a syntergite 7+8; epandrium subovate in lateral view, fused to narrow surstylus making epandrium+surstylus appear pear-shaped [
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B3FFF8FFFBE5EB7F1AFE67A01E1" author="Galinskaya" box="[157,519,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" refString="Galinskaya, T. V. &amp; Shatalkin, A. I. (2016) Eight new species of Strongylophthalmyia Heller from Vietnam with a key to species of the genus from Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Diptera, Strongylophthalmyiidae). ZooKeys, 625, 111 - 142." type="journal article" year="2016">Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin (2016)</bibRefCitation>
considered the surstylus to be absent]; surstylus rounded with patch of minute spicules mesoapically (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5FB1F1CCE59101DC" box="[411,492,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 87 – 90" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[209,1364,207,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[196,1387,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87 – 90. Strongylophthalmyia male postabdominal structures, all same scale. 87 – 89. S. angustipennis Melander; 87. postabdomen, left lateral view; 88. epandrium and cerci, caudal view; 89. phallic complex, left lateral view; 90. S. borneensis, n. sp., phallic complex, left lateral view. Figs. 87 – 89 from Lonsdale (2013)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165888/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
) or surstylus expanded apically, long, curled ribbon-like (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5A5EF1C3E0A701DC" box="[1140,1242,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5A5EF1C3E0A701DC" box="[1140,1242,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. crinita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5B11F1CCE1F301DC" box="[1339,1422,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[162,1417,206,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 86. Strongylophthalmyia structures (redrawn from Shatalkin, 1993). 82 – 83. S. raricornis Shatalkin, antenna, left lateral view; 82. male; 83. female; 84 – 85. Male palpus, left lateral view; 84. S. raricornis Shatalkin; 85. S. stackelbergi Krivosheina; 86. S. crinita Hennig, male phallic complex, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165887/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
); cerci fused for most their length, subequal to or longer than length of surstylus, narrow basally, flared and/or rounded apically, with long setae and hairs apically; hypandrium fused dorsally by thin bridge, with paired bifid anterior lobes, hypandrium attached to epiphallus via paired thin long, postgonites; epiphallus plate-like, consisting of two articulating segments; distiphallus long or short, straight, unsegmented (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5A1BF07CE0FA00AC" box="[1073,1159,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 86" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[162,1417,206,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 86. Strongylophthalmyia structures (redrawn from Shatalkin, 1993). 82 – 83. S. raricornis Shatalkin, antenna, left lateral view; 82. male; 83. female; 84 – 85. Male palpus, left lateral view; 84. S. raricornis Shatalkin; 85. S. stackelbergi Krivosheina; 86. S. crinita Hennig, male phallic complex, left lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165887/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5ABDF073E0CB00AC" box="[1175,1206,872,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 87 – 90" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[209,1364,207,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[196,1387,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87 – 90. Strongylophthalmyia male postabdominal structures, all same scale. 87 – 89. S. angustipennis Melander; 87. postabdomen, left lateral view; 88. epandrium and cerci, caudal view; 89. phallic complex, left lateral view; 90. S. borneensis, n. sp., phallic complex, left lateral view. Figs. 87 – 89 from Lonsdale (2013)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165888/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">90</figureCitation>
), or appearing twosegmented (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5F08F096E5E10089" box="[290,412,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5F08F096E5E10089" box="[290,412,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; 
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5FDDF097E6300088" box="[503,589,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 87 – 90" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[209,1364,207,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[196,1387,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 87 – 90. Strongylophthalmyia male postabdominal structures, all same scale. 87 – 89. S. angustipennis Melander; 87. postabdomen, left lateral view; 88. epandrium and cerci, caudal view; 89. phallic complex, left lateral view; 90. S. borneensis, n. sp., phallic complex, left lateral view. Figs. 87 – 89 from Lonsdale (2013)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165888/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
), up to two times length of hypandrial complex, with sclerotized apex of varying shapes; phallapodeme short or long, thin, straight, in some species length subequal in length to distiphallus, fused to hypandrium via pair of ventromedial processes
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336CEFF8FFFBE5EEDF0ECE7BC07C4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5EEDF0ECE563073C" bold="true" box="[199,286,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Female</emphasis>
. As in male except for following: clypeus large, bulbous (
<figureCitation id="13572A4BFF8FFFBE5DE1F0ECE06E073C" box="[971,1043,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 9" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[225,1359,1106,1587]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[225,1359,1106,1587]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 9. Strongylophthalmyia heads, frontal view, undescribed new species from Sumatra (S. fascipennis group). 8. Male. 9. Female. Arrow points to clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268054/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); palpus linear, subtrapezoidal, or bacilliform in shape, without modifications, with or without ventral hairs, darker than in male, normally black; antennal flagellomere ovate, sometimes enlarged, but without modifications in shape found in males; arista up to two times length of flagellomere; pleuron as in male except those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5D87F77EE0510750" box="[941,1068,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Tanypezidae" genus="Strongylophthalmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5D87F77EE0510750" box="[941,1068,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup lack anepisternal tuft; legs normal, without modifications except scale-like setae on hind basitarsus; abdomen with segments VI–X lengthened and modified into a long tapering tubular ovipositor, posterior margins of ovipositor segments with long setae; one (
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D4DFF8FFFBE5F3CF7CBE5F107C4" box="[278,396,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Psilidae" genus="Chyliza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">
<emphasis id="B918EADCFF8FFFBE5F3CF7CBE5F107C4" box="[278,396,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">S. ustulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) or two sclerotized spherical spermathecae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>