456 lines
54 KiB
XML
456 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="42D1C25C730221569E9BD273E92F9160" ID-CLB-Dataset="29039" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9acf71bc-6414-4878-8af0-a64d3ec1fea6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1458302" ID-ZooBank="633A9498-FCC6-4439-BE33-A45B9E51B550" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539287574730" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grandinete, Yuri Campanholo, Noll, Fernando Barbosa & Carpenter, James" docDate="2018" docId="03C5878FFFE5F318FF3095A1D74AF9D7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4459.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4459 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eumenes fraternus Say 1824" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFFCFFF7FFF3F300FFA79155D339FFDF" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic Review of Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from the New World" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698577660185" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2B87775E612FC7368974EFF53D48E51A">Taxonomic Review of Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from the New World</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="437059483BF191FC670287C77EF9A0A6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="63C6F7A7D125346E4AFA9F50CED36B69">Grandinete, Yuri Campanholo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2A3E523658C144270C0C555A0188711C">Noll, Fernando Barbosa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D82673642DEEAE096BBBA58B01C1660">Carpenter, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="742C6DE69C8FF41B070F6BFD931EF590">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="BD22FA1BD2FA80D721CD3A1E64B2DE5B">4459</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C5878FFFE5F318FF3095A1D74AF9D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986380" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148692489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986380" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5878FFFE5F318FF3095A1D74AF9D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5878FFFE5F318FF3095A1D74AF9D7" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE5F316FF3095A1D12AFA8F" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF3095A1D2C5FAD1" blockId="22.[151,508,1268,1294]" box="[151,508,1268,1294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D09B81F5FFE5F316FF3095A1D2C5FAD1" bold="true" box="[151,508,1268,1294]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE5F316FF3095A1D2C5FAD1" ID-CoL="3CDHF" authority="Say, 1824" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,508,1268,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE5F316FF3095A1D2C5FAD1" bold="true" box="[151,508,1268,1294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE5F316FF3095A1D247FAD1" bold="true" box="[151,382,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Eumenes fraternus</emphasis>
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Say, 1824
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF30946ED12AFA8F" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[151,531,1338,1360]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE5F316FF30946ED2F9FA8F" authority="Say, 1824" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,448,1338,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE5F316FF30946ED2F9FA8F" bold="true" box="[151,448,1338,1360]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE5F316FF30946ED26DFA8F" bold="true" box="[151,340,1338,1360]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Eumenes fraterna</emphasis>
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Say, 1824
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 2: 344.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE5F317FF60940CD113FE98" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF60940CD2DAFAB0" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,483,1369,1391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE5F316FF60940CD203FAB0" bold="true" box="[199,314,1369,1391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE5F316FF60940CD3C5FAB0" box="[199,252,1369,1391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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data:
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE5F316FEE6940FD24AFAB0" box="[321,371,1370,1391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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destroyed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF60942DD711FA51" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,1064,1400,1422]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE5F316FF60942DD263FA51" bold="true" box="[199,346,1400,1422]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE5F316FF60942DD3C5FA51" box="[199,252,1400,1422]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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“
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<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFE5F316FECE942DD2CBFA51" box="[361,498,1400,1422]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">United States</collectingCountry>
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...
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<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFE5F316FDB5942DD1A0FA51" box="[530,665,1400,1422]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
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... North-west Territory and
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<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFE5F316FC1C942DD723FA51" box="[955,1050,1400,1422]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Missouri</collectingRegion>
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”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF6094C3D29FFA73" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,422,1430,1452]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Harris, 1848, 10: 225.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF6094E0D2FCFA14" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,453,1461,1483]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE5F316FF4294E0D2B9FA14" box="[229,384,1461,1483]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref42823" refString="de Saussure, H. F. (1852 - 1853) Etudes sur la famille des vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes Solitaires ou de la tribe des Eumeniens. V. Masson, Paris & Cherbuliez, Geneve, ixlx + 1286 pp., 22 pls. [pp. 1 - 128, pls. 2 - 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 (1852); pp. i - xlx + 129 - 286, pls. 1 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 11 - 13 + 15 - 22 (1853), see Griffin, 1939, for publication dates of specific pages]" type="book chapter">Saussure, 1852</bibRefCitation>
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, 1: 40.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF609481D292FA35" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,427,1492,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cresson, 1872, 4: 232.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF6094A7D2D7F9D7" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,494,1522,1544]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Walsh & Riley, 1869, 1: 138.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF609744D24FF9F8" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,374,1553,1575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Riley, 1870: 103.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF609765D2AEF999" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,407,1584,1606]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Couper, 1871, 3: 62.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF60971BD2E6F9BB" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,479,1614,1636]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">de Saussure, 1875, 254: 95.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF609738D2B6F95C" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,399,1645,1667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Riley, 1880, 3: 180.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF6097D9D2A4F97D" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,413,1676,1698]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Saunders, 1882: 281.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF6097FFD2E0F91F" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,473,1706,1728]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Provancher, 1882, 13: 144.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF60979CD24CF900" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,373,1737,1759]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Riley, 1883: 117.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF6097BDD2FFF921" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,454,1768,1790]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cresson 1887: 287 (cat.).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF609653D294F8C3" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,429,1798,1820]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Southwick, 1892: 107.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF609670D2C5F8E4" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,508,1829,1851]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dalla Torre, 1894, 9: 24 (cat.).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF609611D131F885" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,520,1860,1882]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dalla Torre, 1904, 19: 22 (cat.).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF609637D295F8A7" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,428,1890,1912]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tucker, 1909, 22: 286.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF6096D4D28CF848" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,437,1921,1943]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Viereck, 1916, 22: 635.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF6096F4D2E2F869" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,475,1952,1974]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bequaert, 1928, 101: 1004.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF6096EAD12EF80B" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,535,1982,2004]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE5F316FF6096EAD25DF80B" box="[199,356,1982,2004]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref42258" refString="Bequaert, J. (1938) The three Eumenes of Canada and the Northeastern United States; with notes on other North American species (Hymenoptera; Vespidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 33 (2), 59 - 70." type="journal article">Bequaert, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 33: 61 (key), 69.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE5F316FF60968BD11EF82C" blockId="22.[151,1064,1338,2035]" box="[199,551,2013,2035]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bequaert and Taylor, 1942, 42: 67.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6091CCD12FFF71" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,534,152,174]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE4F317FF6091CCD25DFF71" box="[199,356,152,174]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref42355" refString="Bequaert, J. (1944) The genus Eumenes in the Dominion of Canada. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 71, 75 - 88." type="journal article">Bequaert, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 71: 78 (key), 85.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6091E3D2F9FF13" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,448,182,204]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bohart, 1951: 884 (cat.).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF609180D2D1FF34" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,488,213,235]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Krombein, 1979: 1507 (cat).</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6091A1D16AFED5" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,595,244,266]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE4F317FF6091A1D2BEFED5" box="[199,391,244,266]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref43608" refString="MacLachlan, W. B. (1980) A key to and notes on the Eumenes of America North of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 53 (3), 617 - 621." type="journal article">MacLachlan, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 53: 618, 620 (key).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF609047D2D6FEF7" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,495,274,296]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ahlstrom, 1995, 1: 102 (list).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF609064D113FE98" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,554,305,327]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Buck
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FEA49067D20FFE98" box="[259,310,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008, 5: 44 (key), 154.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE4F317FF309005D16EFEB9" box="[151,599,335,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF309005D16EFEB9" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[151,599,335,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FF309005D129FEB9" ID-CoL="3CDGX" authority="de Saussure, 1852" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,528,335,358]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF309005D129FEB9" bold="true" box="[151,528,335,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF309005D273FEBA" bold="true" box="[151,330,335,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eumenes fervens</emphasis>
|
||
de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE4F317FED79005D129FEB9" box="[368,528,336,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref42823" refString="de Saussure, H. F. (1852 - 1853) Etudes sur la famille des vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes Solitaires ou de la tribe des Eumeniens. V. Masson, Paris & Cherbuliez, Geneve, ixlx + 1286 pp., 22 pls. [pp. 1 - 128, pls. 2 - 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 (1852); pp. i - xlx + 129 - 286, pls. 1 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 11 - 13 + 15 - 22 (1853), see Griffin, 1939, for publication dates of specific pages]" type="book chapter">Saussure, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1: 40.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE4F317FF60903BD131FDE3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF60903BD0F9FE5B" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,960,366,388]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF60903BD203FE5B" bold="true" box="[199,314,366,388]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type data:</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype, by present designation, female at MHNG (n° 8849).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6090D8D106FE7C" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,575,397,419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B043CC4FFE4F317FF6090D8D106FE7C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355178" box="[199,575,397,419]" collectorName="La Caroline" country="United States of America" location="USA" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF6090D8D263FE7C" bold="true" box="[199,346,397,419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE4F317FF6090D8D3C5FE7C" box="[199,252,397,419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<collectorName id="2699534FFFE4F317FECD90D8D2DCFE7C" box="[362,485,397,419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">La Caroline</collectorName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFE4F317FE5B90D8D10DFE7C" box="[508,564,397,419]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6090F9D2EBFE1D" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,466,428,450]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">de Saussure, 1855, 3: 130.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF60909FD2ABFE3F" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,402,458,480]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cresson, 1887: 287.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6090BFD170FE20" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,585,489,511]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE4F317FF6090BFD25DFE20" box="[199,356,489,511]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref42258" refString="Bequaert, J. (1938) The three Eumenes of Canada and the Northeastern United States; with notes on other North American species (Hymenoptera; Vespidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 33 (2), 59 - 70." type="journal article">Bequaert, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 33: 69 (note on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE4F317FDA990BFD107FE20" box="[526,574,490,511]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF30935CD031FDC1" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[151,776,520,542]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FF30935CD2FFFDC1" box="[151,454,520,542]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fraterna" variety="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF30935CD275FDC1" box="[151,332,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eumenes fraterna</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FEDA935DD2FFFDC1" box="[381,454,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">fervens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Dalla Torre, 1894, 9: 25 (cat.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF609373D131FDE3" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,520,550,572]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dalla Torre, 1904, 19: 22 (cat.).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE4F317FF609310D19FFDA5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF609310D0BBFD84" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,898,581,603]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF609310D21CFD84" bold="true" box="[199,293,581,603]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
Parasite:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FE2E9310D171FD84" authority="Br." authorityName="Br." box="[393,584,581,603]" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FE2E9310D119FD84" box="[393,544,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chrysis conica</emphasis>
|
||
Br.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FDF59310D047FD84" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[594,894,581,603]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Timulla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FDF59310D03FFD84" box="[594,774,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Timulla ferrugata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF609331D19FFDA5" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,678,612,634]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF609331D209FDA5" bold="true" box="[199,304,612,634]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ethology:</emphasis>
|
||
Isely, 1914 (1913), 8 (7): 301 (nest).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE4F317FF6093D7D2CAFD09" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6093D7D661FD68" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF6093D7D26AFD47" bold="true" box="[199,339,642,664]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFE4F317FEFD93D7D29FFD47" box="[346,422,642,664]" name="Canada" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Northwest Territory*,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFE4F317FD3093D7D1D0FD47" box="[663,745,642,664]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFE4F317FD5D93D7D014FD47" box="[762,813,642,664]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(AL*, AR*, CT*, DC*, FA*, GA*, IA*, IL*, IN*, LA*, KS, MA*, MD*, MI*, MN, MO*, MS*, NB, NC*, NH*, NJ*, NY*, OH*, OK, PA*, SC*, TN*, TX, VA*, WI*, WV*).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF609395D2CAFD09" blockId="23.[151,1435,152,726]" box="[199,499,704,726]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF609395D3EDFD09" bold="true" box="[199,212,704,726]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">*</emphasis>
|
||
Records from the literature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE4F317FF309257D003FAA0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF309257D7D2FC58" blockId="23.[151,1437,770,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF309257D2F9FCC4" bold="true" box="[151,448,770,795]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Comments and diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FE699256D021FCC4" authority="Say, 1824" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[462,792,771,795]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FE699256D199FCC4" box="[462,672,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eumenes fraternus</emphasis>
|
||
Say, 1824
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is a species with a wide distribution in the eastern half of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFE4F317FF629272D3C4FCE0" box="[197,253,807,831]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is historically recognized mostly by its yellow-creamy marks on the body. The species is often confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FEE7921ED14EFCBD" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityYear="1944" box="[320,631,843,867]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="crucifera" variety="nearcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FEE7921ED2F1FCBC" box="[320,456,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. crucifera</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FDA4921ED14EFCBD" box="[515,631,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FD07921ED0E0FCBC" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityYear="1944" box="[672,985,843,867]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="verticalis" variety="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FD07921ED010FCBC" box="[672,809,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. verticalis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FCC2921ED0E0FCBC" box="[869,985,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due their similar yellow-creamy marks and geographical overlap, but can be separated from those species by the features discussed below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6092C7D7DBFAE8" blockId="23.[151,1437,770,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FE9C92C6D147FC74" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityYear="1944" box="[315,638,915,939]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="verticalis" variety="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FE9C92C6D2F1FC74" box="[315,456,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. verticalis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FDAD92C6D147FC74" box="[522,638,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FD1892C6D073FC74" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[703,842,915,939]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FD1892C6D073FC74" box="[703,842,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. fraternus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be clearly separated having F11 narrow with microscopic erect bristles on the ventral surface in the former species and F11 broad and lacking microscopic bristles in the latter. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FE5C928ED1B9FC2C" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[507,640,987,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FE5C928ED1B9FC2C" box="[507,640,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. fraternus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the integument shinier, usually with sparser punctation especially on the dorsal surface of T2; pubescence on the scape short; and T1 long and slender, weakly swollen in dorsal view. On the other hand, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FE5D9576D1BAFBE4" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[506,643,1059,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verticalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FE5D9576D1BAFBE4" box="[506,643,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. verticalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the integument less shiny with denser punctation on the dorsal surface of T2, pubescence on the scape longer, and T1 strongly swollen in dorsal view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FB349512D232FB5D" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityYear="1944" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="crucifera" variety="nearcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FB349512D650FB80" box="[1171,1385,1095,1119]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eumenes crucifera</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF30953ED232FB5D" box="[151,267,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the clypeus with weaker punctures that do not reach the apical region; T1 shorter, strongly swollen in dorsal view; and T2 usually wider than long with the lateral margins strongly concave. Males usually have longer golden pubescence on the head (including scape) and mesosoma, also the basal half of the femur has a band of short pubescence.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FE229582D160FB30" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[389,601,1239,1263]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FE229582D160FB30" box="[389,601,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eumenes fraternus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the clypeus with evenly distributed coarse punctation, T1 longer and weakly swollen in dorsal view; and T2 longer than wide with the lateral margins weakly concave. Males have shorter pale-yellow pubescence, and the basal half of the femur with a band of longer pubescence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF609416D003FAA0" blockId="23.[151,1437,770,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Because the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE4F317FEF39416D2BDFA84" box="[340,388,1347,1371]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FE0F9416D11AFA84" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[424,547,1347,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FE0F9416D11AFA84" box="[424,547,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. fraterna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was destroyed, we examined three (female)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE4F317FBB39416D74FFA84" box="[1044,1142,1347,1371]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FB3D9416D3EBFAA0" authority="de Saussure, 1852" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FB3D9416D633FA84" box="[1178,1290,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. fervens</emphasis>
|
||
de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE4F317FA969416D3EBFAA0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref42823" refString="de Saussure, H. F. (1852 - 1853) Etudes sur la famille des vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes Solitaires ou de la tribe des Eumeniens. V. Masson, Paris & Cherbuliez, Geneve, ixlx + 1286 pp., 22 pls. [pp. 1 - 128, pls. 2 - 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 (1852); pp. i - xlx + 129 - 286, pls. 1 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 11 - 13 + 15 - 22 (1853), see Griffin, 1939, for publication dates of specific pages]" type="book chapter">Saussure, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which we confirm as synonyms of the former species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE4F318FF6094DFD2F9FAD3" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6094DFD04AFA7C" blockId="23.[151,1437,770,2019]" box="[199,883,1418,1443]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF6094DFD24DFA7C" bold="true" box="[199,372,1418,1443]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE4F317FEDC94DED033FA7C" authority="de Saussure, 1852" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[379,778,1418,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FEDC94DED101FA7C" box="[379,568,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eumenes fervens</emphasis>
|
||
de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE4F317FDC694DED033FA7C" box="[609,778,1418,1443]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref42823" refString="de Saussure, H. F. (1852 - 1853) Etudes sur la famille des vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes Solitaires ou de la tribe des Eumeniens. V. Masson, Paris & Cherbuliez, Geneve, ixlx + 1286 pp., 22 pls. [pp. 1 - 128, pls. 2 - 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 (1852); pp. i - xlx + 129 - 286, pls. 1 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 11 - 13 + 15 - 22 (1853), see Griffin, 1939, for publication dates of specific pages]" type="book chapter">Saussure, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFE4F317FCBE94DFD053FA7C" box="[793,874,1418,1443]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–26" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1649,1671]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,193,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1628]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 13–26. Eumenes species, lateral view. 13) E. cubensis Cresson, 1865 (female); 14) E. flavitinctus Bohart, 1950 (Holotype, female); 15) E. fervens Say, 1824 (Lectotype, female); 16) E. pictus (Smith, 1857) (female); 17) E. sculleni Bohart, 1950 (Holotype, male); 18) E. smithii de Saussure, 1852 (female); 19) E. belfragei Cresson, 1872 (Lectotype, female); 20) E. verticalis Say, 1824 (female); 21) Eumenes verticalis coloradensis Cresson, 1875 (lectotype, female); 22) E. verticalis neoboreus Bequaert, 1944 (Holotype, male); 23) E. verticalis tricinctus Isely, 1917 (Holotype, female); 24) E. filiformis de Saussure, 1855 (famele); 25) E. rufomaculata Fox, 1899 (Lectotype, female); 26) Eumenes versicolor de Saussure, 1852 (Lectotype, female). Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458306/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6094FBD70EF938" blockId="23.[151,1437,770,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF6094FBD265FA18" bold="true" box="[199,348,1454,1479]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Color, head:</emphasis>
|
||
Black, except for yellow-creamy as follows: bands on each side of the basal half of clypeus; longitudinal band on inter-antennal region; narrow and short band on upper half of gena, adjacent to the compound eye.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF6B94A3D26AF9D0" bold="true" box="[204,339,1526,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Black, with yellow-creamy marks as follows: broad band on anterior portion of the dorsal surface of pronotum; almost entire metanotum; rounded marks on each side on the upper half of the posterior face of propodeum. External margin of tegula. Marks on tibiae. Brownish marks on coxae, distal region of femora and tarsi.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF719737D265F9A4" bold="true" box="[214,348,1634,1659]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Black, with yellow-creamy marks as follows: transverse narrow band on apex of T1; marks on each side laterally onT2 and a broad transverse band on apex; short band on apex of T3, not reaching the lateral margins. Narrow band on apex of S2. Apex of T4–T6 and S3–S6 with transverse brownish bands.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FB4797FFD60CF91C" bold="true" box="[1248,1333,1706,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Wings:</emphasis>
|
||
Hyaline, with costal, medial and submedial cells darkened. Pterostigma and veins darkened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F317FF6097A7D70DF861" blockId="23.[151,1437,770,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF6097A7D29DF8D4" bold="true" box="[199,420,1778,1803]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pubescence, head:</emphasis>
|
||
Covered with pale-yellow pubescence. Long pubescence on frons, vertex and occipital region. Clypeus, gena and scape with short pubescence.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FCAE9643D0A9F8F0" bold="true" box="[777,912,1814,1839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Covered with pale-yellow and long (as long as on frons) pubescence. Anterior surface of fore coxae with long (but shorter than on thorax) pubescence. Trochanter and basal half fore femur with erect bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFE4F317FD09960BD03FF8A8" box="[686,774,1886,1911]" captionStart="FIGURES 62–65" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,193,1183]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 62–65. Hind legs. 62) E. crucifera (male), short pubescence on femur; 63) E. fraternus (male), longer pubescence on femur; 64) E. filiformis (female), erect bristles on tibia; 65) E. crucifera (female), tibia without erect bristles. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458314/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FCB9960BD09DF8A8" bold="true" box="[798,932,1886,1911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Basal half of T1 with long (as long as on mesosoma) pubescence, becoming shorter towards apex. T2 with short (as on basal half of T1) pubescence. T3–T6 and S2–S6 with shorter pubescence, at least with longer and erect bristles on apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE4F318FF60969FD7FEFEBB" blockId="23.[151,1437,770,2019]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,1545]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE4F317FF60969FD11CF83C" bold="true" box="[199,549,1994,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Surface of integument, head:</emphasis>
|
||
Clypeus with coarse punctation homogeneously distributed. Frons and vertex with coarse and moderately dense punctures, becoming slightly sparser behind ocelli. Weak and sparser punctures on gena.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FF5991E9D2BCFF0A" bold="true" box="[254,389,188,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
covered with coarse and moderately dense punctation (as on frons), except on posterior face of propodeum on which punctures becomes denser, forming carinae between them.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FBE3918AD7F3FF27" bold="true" box="[1092,1226,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Coarse and sparse punctures on T1, becoming slightly denser towards apex. Dorsal surface of T2 with coarse and moderately dense punctures, becoming sparser towards lateral margins. Punctures on S2 coarse and sparsely distributed. Weak punctation mostly on apex of T3–T5 and S3–S5, while T6 and S6 there is no evident punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEBF318FF60903AD04EFD12" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FF60903AD2B3FE57" bold="true" box="[199,394,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Structure, head:</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of labrum rounded; clypeus slightly wider than long, convex, with the apex concave, forming two rounded projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEBF318FDBF90C1D152FE73" box="[536,619,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1772,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Clypeus. 66) Eumenes americanus (female); 67) E. smithii (female); 68) E. crucifera (female); 69) E. crucifera (male); 70) E. verticalis (female); 71) E. fraternus (female); 72) E. fraternus (male); 73) E. sculleni (female); 74) E. filiformis (female); 75) E. rufomaculatus (female); 76) E. versicolor (female). Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458316/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inter-antennal region longitudinally cariniform, as wide as the antennal socket. Lateral ocelli closer to the compound eyes than to each other. Occipital carina angled on middle region of gena and close to the compound eye next to the mandibles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FCEA9089D0ECFE2A" bold="true" box="[845,981,476,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
pronotal carina developed dorsally and laterally; pronotal fovea present; mesepimeron slightly elevated regarding to the mesepisternum; posterior projection of the tegula weakly developed, rounded; parategula lamelliform; posterior face of propodeum strongly concave on basal half. Upper half of the external surface of fore coxae with a short carina.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FB0A9312D60AFDBF" bold="true" box="[1197,1331,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
T1 long, more than three times longer than wide, weakly swollen in dorsal view, with the apical margins subparallels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEBF318FAC89339D38EFD77" captionStart="FIGURES 27–42" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 27–42. First tergum, dorsal view. 27) Eumenes americanus; 28) E. bequaerti; 29) E. bollii; 30) E. consobrinus; 31) E. coyotae; 32) E. crucifera; 33) E. cubensis; 34) E. flavitinctus; 35) E. fraternus; 36) E. pictus; 37) E. sculleni; 38) E. smithii; 39) E. verticalis; 40) E. filiformis; 41) E. rufomaculactus; 42) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458308/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). T2 longer than wide, with the lateral margins weakly concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEBF318FC3193DAD0D3FD77" box="[918,1002,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–58" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,195,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[201,1388,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 43–58. Second tergum, dorsal view. 43) Eumenes americanus; 44) E. bequaerti; 45) E. bollii; 46) E. consobrinus; 47) E. coyotae; 48) E. crucifera; 49) E. cubensis; 50) E. flavitinctus; 51) E. fraternus; 52) E. pictus; 53) E. sculleni; 54) E. smithii; 55) E. verticalis; 56) E. filiformis; 57) E. rufomaculactus; 58) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458310/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
); basal angle of T2 rising up abruptly; lamella on apex of T2 becoming reduced towards lateral margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEBF318FF609382D70DFCE8" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FF609382D221FD2F" bold="true" box="[199,280,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Clypeus narrower than females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEBF318FD2D9382D1E7FD2F" box="[650,734,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1772,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Clypeus. 66) Eumenes americanus (female); 67) E. smithii (female); 68) E. crucifera (female); 69) E. crucifera (male); 70) E. verticalis (female); 71) E. fraternus (female); 72) E. fraternus (male); 73) E. sculleni (female); 74) E. filiformis (female); 75) E. rufomaculatus (female); 76) E. versicolor (female). Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458316/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
|
||
). F11 long, broad basally with the apex pointed and surpassing the apical edge of F8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEBF318FE0693A9D2CEFCCA" box="[417,503,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–92" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 77–92. First tergum, dorsal view. 77) Eumenes americanus; 78) E. bequaerti; 79) E. bollii; 80) E. consobrinus; 81) E. coyotae; 82) E. crucifera; 83) E. cubensis; 84) E. flavitinctus; 85) E. fraternus; 86) E. pictus; 87) E. sculleni; 88) E. smithii; 89) E. verticalis; 90) E. filiformis; 91) E. rufomaculactus; 92) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458318/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal surface of F11 with a longitudinal carina. Microscopic erect bristles on ventral surface absent. S7 flattened apically with moderately long bristles on apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEBF318FF609211D035FC17" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FF609211D244FC82" bold="true" box="[199,381,836,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus as in figure 101a, b. Paramere (fig. 101c) with long bristles on middle region of gonostyle; digitus long (fig. 118), reaching the middle region of gonostyle, with moderately dense short bristles; cuspis with dense erect bristles, longer than on digitus; volsella with long bristles on ventral edge and overspread and shorter bristles; distal lobe truncate without bristles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEBF318FF609281D26AFB1A" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FF609281D278FC32" bold="true" box="[199,321,980,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
The following yellow-creamy marks may vary in size and some specimens present mostly just yellow marks: mark on upper half of mesepisternum, adjacent to the mesepimeron; small marks on each side of T1; the dorsal band on the apex of T1; and apex of T3 with a small mark on the center region. Some specimens present violaceous marks mostly on the metasoma (also observed in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEBF318FBB59514D66DFB87" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityYear="1944" box="[1042,1364,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="verticalis" variety="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FBB59514D7A7FB87" box="[1042,1182,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E. verticalis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FB479515D66DFB87" box="[1248,1364,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The punctation on the dorsal surface of T
|
||
<date id="FFD21059FFEBF318FDF69531D1A3FBA2" box="[593,666,1124,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2 may</date>
|
||
vary from coarse to weaker punctures, sometimes sparser. Some specimens might have the posterior face of the propodeum less concave and the apical half of T1 varying from less to more swollen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEBF318FF609585D2F9FAD3" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Some specimens from central-south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFEBF318FDC49585D1A2FB37" box="[611,667,1232,1256]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
have ferrugineous marks contiguous with the yellow-creamy marks on the legs and metasoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFEBF318FF609442D74AF9D7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEBF318FF609442D74AF9D7" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FF609442D24EFAEF" bold="true" box="[199,375,1303,1328]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFEBF318FF609442D23BFAEF" box="[199,258,1303,1328]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFEBF318FE159442D120FAEF" box="[434,537,1303,1328]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated herein) female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEBF318FCD6944CD716FAEF" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[881,1071,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FCD6944CD716FAEF" box="[881,1071,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eumenes fervens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFEBF318FB99944DD7AEFAEF" box="[1086,1175,1304,1328]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
) is lacking the left mid leg, left antenna and right flagellum (both attached on labels): ‘Caroline’ ‘[Red Label] Syn- \
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFEBF318FB6A9468D62AFA8B" box="[1229,1299,1341,1364]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFEBF318FB6A9468D62AFA8B" box="[1229,1299,1341,1364]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
\
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6AFD10FFEBF318FA8A9469D67BFA8A" box="[1325,1346,1340,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FA8A9469D67BFA8A" bold="true" box="[1325,1346,1340,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">♀</emphasis>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEBF318FAEC9469D3F0FAA7" authority="Sss." authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FAEC9469D6A5FA8B" box="[1355,1436,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">fervens</emphasis>
|
||
Sss.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’. Two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFEBF318FEBF940AD296FAA7" box="[280,431,1375,1400]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
females (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFEBF318FD859435D146FAA7" box="[546,639,1376,1400]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
): one is missing the right antenna and right fore leg, and the other is missing the fore and mid left legs, left antenna and right flagellum: ‘
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFEBF318FC1694D1D7B1FA43" box="[945,1160,1412,1436]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MUSEUM PARIS</collectionCode>
|
||
\ CAROLINE \
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFEBF318FAEB94D1D6A0FA43" box="[1356,1433,1412,1436]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">COLL</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFEBF318FF3094FDD3D9FA1F" box="[151,224,1448,1472]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12680" name="Boston State College" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BOSC</collectionCode>
|
||
1828’ ‘[undetermined information]’ ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEBF318FD3294FCD1C3FA1F" box="[661,762,1449,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FD3294FCD1C3FA1F" box="[661,762,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eumenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEBF318FCB294FDD05FFA1F" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[789,870,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FCB294FDD05FFA1F" box="[789,870,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">fervens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFEBF318FC2694FCD08CFA1E" box="[897,949,1449,1473]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Sss.’ ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEBF318FBAC94FCD749FA1F" box="[1035,1136,1449,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FBAC94FCD749FA1F" box="[1035,1136,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eumenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEBF318FB2C94FDD7CBFA1F" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" box="[1163,1266,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FB2C94FDD7CBFA1F" box="[1163,1266,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">fraternus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\ Say \ H. DE SAUSSURE DET. 1884’ ‘[Red Label] SYNTYPE’; ‘
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFEBF318FCA29499D0E7FA3B" box="[773,990,1484,1508]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MUSEUM PARIS</collectionCode>
|
||
\ CAROLINE \
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFEBF318FB0D9499D7CEFA3B" box="[1194,1271,1484,1508]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">COLL</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFEBF318FAA19499D676FA3B" box="[1286,1359,1484,1508]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12680" name="Boston State College" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">BOSC</collectionCode>
|
||
1828’ ‘[undetermined information]’ ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEBF318FE5594A4D16EF9D7" box="[498,599,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FE5594A4D16EF9D7" box="[498,599,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eumenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEBF318FDCB94A5D184F9D7" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[620,701,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEBF318FDCB94A5D184F9D7" box="[620,701,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">fervens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFEBF318FD7494A4D03EF9D6" box="[723,775,1521,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Sss.’ ‘[Red Label] SYNTYPE’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |