treatments-xml/data/03/C5/27/03C52738553BFF8904A1F9D4F2F7F804.xml
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<document id="4D56206DE6E0CE6460B57E4A1A76A547" ID-CLB-Dataset="20212" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbc70422-96a0-4a3d-a082-70624d6821ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6358517" ID-ZooBank="5A723F4E-DE84-4B42-9030-7C4BD14F5D0C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1647346859826" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tanaka, Hirotaka &amp; Kamitani, Satoshi" docDate="2022" docId="03C52738553BFF8904A1F9D4F2F7F804" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5115.3.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5115 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pulvinaria" docType="key" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="448" masterDocId="FFFC5F405532FF830436FFECF35BFF92" masterDocTitle="The identities of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret 1873, stat. nov., and the related species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood 1870) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Japan" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="438" pageNumber="447" updateTime="1699318042835" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8E6120FE5EE17D999CB1B7F738B59C0D">The identities of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret 1873, stat. nov., and the related species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood 1870) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49B40623574BAF79D18D6C9564885972">Tanaka, Hirotaka</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9312E8CEC240F13CA7B90119F516B5E2">Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3 - 5 - 7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8566, Japan. &amp; The Kyushu University Museum, Hakozaki 6 - 10 - 1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812 - 8581 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E7406C77FCC7B793F4039B19896AEF15">Kamitani, Satoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40C3A552BF46F4E8BB861F36805104B7">Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan. kamitani @ agr. kyushu-u. ac. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0870 - 5163</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C376C5A5553BFF8A04A1F9D4F060F9D7" box="[151,827,1591,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F9D4F060F9D7" blockId="9.[151,827,1591,1618]" box="[151,827,1591,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C553BFF8A04A1F9D4F060F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,827,1591,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
Key to adult females of
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD553BFF8A0589F9DBF11BF9C0" ID-CoL="63R6Z" ID-ENA="516518" box="[447,576,1591,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C553BFF8A0589F9DBF11BF9C0" bold="true" box="[447,576,1591,1618]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in
<collectingCountry id="F37BD6BE553BFF8A06F2F9D4F04AF9C0" box="[708,785,1592,1618]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">Japan</collectingCountry>
<superScript id="7C193B66553BFF8A072EF9DBF060F9D7" attach="right" box="[792,827,1591,1605]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">*1, 2</superScript>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<key id="FFFDC11F553BFF8904A1F99AF6C7F982" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyStep id="30988E8B553BFF8A04A1F99AF6D7F955" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F99AF6C7F93B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1654,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="309D351B553BFF8A04A1F99AF6C7F93B" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
1(0) Medial area of venter with
<typeStatus id="54D7288C553BFF8A05D2F99BF14FF91E" box="[484,532,1655,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">Type</typeStatus>
I tubular ducts (each with a stout inner ductule). Marginal setae all one size or lengths variable .. ................................................................................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F95DF6D7F955" blockId="9.[151,1436,1654,2028]" box="[151,1420,1713,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="309D351B553BFF8A04A1F95DF6D7F955" box="[151,1420,1713,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
Medial area of venter without
<typeStatus id="54D7288C553BFF8A0633F95DF16EF954" box="[517,565,1713,1734]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">Type</typeStatus>
I tubular ducts. Marginal setae of two different sizes...
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD553BFF8A006FF95EF6D7F955" ID-CoL="4QHCV" authority="(Kuwana 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Kuwana" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1113,1420,1713,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nishigaharae">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C553BFF8A006FF95EF7ABF954" box="[1113,1264,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">P. nishigaharae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF553BFF8A00CAF95DF6DFF955" author="Kuwana, S. I." box="[1276,1412,1713,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447" pagination="177 - 212" refId="ref10949" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1907) Coccidae of Japan, I. A synoptical list of Coccidae of Japan with descriptions of thirteen new species. Bulletin of the Imperial Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan, 1, 177 - 212." type="journal article" year="1907">Kuwana 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B553BFF8A04A1F922F6C7F88C" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F922F6C7F890" blockId="9.[151,1436,1654,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="309D351B553BFF8A04A1F922F6C7F890" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
2(1) Each anal plate with discal setae, and posterolateral margin much longer than anterolateral margin...................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD553BFF8A00A1F900F6C7F890" ID-CoL="78PBD" authority="(Kuwana 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Kuwana" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1175,1436,1772,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citricola">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C553BFF8A00A1F900F65BF893" box="[1175,1280,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">P. citricola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF553BFF8A013BF900F6CEF890" author="Kuwana, S. I." box="[1293,1429,1772,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447" pagination="150 - 158" refId="ref10995" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1909) Coccidae of Japan (III). First supplemental list of Japanese Coccidae, or scale insects, with description of eight new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 17, 150 - 158." type="journal article" year="1909">Kuwana 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F8E5F6C7F88C" blockId="9.[151,1436,1654,2028]" box="[151,1436,1801,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="309D351B553BFF8A04A1F8E5F6C7F88C" box="[151,1436,1801,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447"> Each anal plate without discal setae, and with posterolateral and anterolateral margins approximately same length ......... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B553BFF8A04A1F8CAF6C7F8CB" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F8CAF6C7F8A9" blockId="9.[151,1436,1654,2028]" box="[151,1436,1830,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="309D351B553BFF8A04A1F8CAF6C7F8A9" box="[151,1436,1830,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">3(2) Eye spots situated on dorsal submarginal area.............................................................. 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F8A8F6C7F8CB" blockId="9.[151,1436,1654,2028]" box="[151,1436,1860,1882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="309D351B553BFF8A04A1F8A8F6C7F8CB" box="[151,1436,1860,1882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447"> Eye spots situated on body margin or not detected........................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B553BFF8A04A1F88DF6C7F85D" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F88DF6C7F801" blockId="9.[151,1436,1654,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="309D351B553BFF8A04A1F88DF6C7F801" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
4(3) Marginal setae near stigmatic clefts mostly at least as long as longest stigmatic spines, with apices rather blunt or simply pointed.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD553BFF8A0059F893F6C7F801" ID-CoL="4QHCM" authority="Takahashi 1940" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1940" box="[1135,1436,1918,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neocellulosa">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C553BFF8A0059F893F7A4F801" box="[1135,1279,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">P. neocellulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF553BFF8A0133F892F6C7F801" author="Takahashi, R." box="[1285,1436,1918,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447" pagination="18 - 28" refId="ref11346" refString="Takahashi, R. (1940) Some Coccidae from Formosa and Japan (Homoptera), V. Mushi, 13, 18 - 28." type="journal article" year="1940">Takahashi 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F870F6C7F85D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1654,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="309D351B553BFF8A04A1F870F6C7F85D" pageId="9" pageNumber="447"> Marginal setae around stigmatic clefts mostly shorter than longest stigmatic spine, with apices fimbriate / frayed / divided or simply pointed....................................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B553BFF8904A1F83AF6C7FF3F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E553BFF8A04A1F83AF6C7F87E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1654,2028]" box="[151,1436,2006,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">
<keyLead id="309D351B553BFF8A04A1F83AF6C7F87E" box="[151,1436,2006,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="447">5(4) Multilocular pores mostly each with 7 loculi. Anal plate with supporting bar not bifurcate.. .......................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FF74F6C7FF3F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FF74F6C7FF3F" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Multilocular pores mostly each with 10 loculi. Anal plate with supporting bar bifurcate............
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8900F0FF74F6C7FF3F" ID-CoL="78PD6" authority="Maskell 1893" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1893" box="[1222,1436,151,173]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psidii">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8900F0FF74F648FF3E" box="[1222,1299,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. psidii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89012FFF7BF6C7FF3F" author="Maskell, W. M." box="[1305,1436,151,173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="201 - 252" refId="ref11163" refString="Maskell, W. M. (1893) Further coccid notes: with descriptions of new species from Australia, India, Sandwich Islands, Demerara, and South Pacific. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 25, 201 - 252." type="journal article" year="1893">Maskell 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FF59F6C7FE97" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FF59F6C7FF59" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,181,203]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FF59F6C7FF59" box="[151,1436,181,203]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
6(5) Each stigmatic cleft usually containing more than 3 stigmatic spines.....................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890049FF59F6C7FF59" ID-CoL="4QHDY" authority="Cockerell 1905" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1905" box="[1151,1436,181,203]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polygonata">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890049FF59F658FF58" box="[1151,1283,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. polygonata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89013FFF59F6C7FF59" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1289,1436,181,203]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref10168" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1905) Some Coccidae from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences, 10, 127 - 136." type="journal article" year="1905">Cockerell 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FF3FF6C7FE97" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FF3FF6C7FE97" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Each stigmatic cleft usually containing mostly 3 stigmatic spines, and with no more than 3 stigmatic spines..............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8900A8FF1CF6C7FE97" ID-CoL="6WPBB" authority="Cockerell 1896" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1896" box="[1182,1436,239,261]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8900A8FF1CF658FE97" box="[1182,1283,240,261]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. aurantii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89013FFF03F6C7FE97" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1289,1436,239,261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="18 - 21" refId="ref10130" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1896) Preliminary diagnoses of new Coccidae. Psyche, Supplement 7, 18 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1896 / 92937" type="journal article" year="1896">Cockerell 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FEE1F6C7FEAD" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FEE1F6C7FEB0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,269,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FEE1F6C7FEB0" box="[151,1436,269,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
7(3) Dorsal submarginal tubercles of inverted
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF890659FEE1F1C3FEB0" box="[623,664,269,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">type</typeStatus>
present........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8900E5FEE1F648FEB0" ID-CoL="4QHG5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1235,1299,269,290]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8900E5FEE1F648FEB0" box="[1235,1299,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. vitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FEC7F6C7FEAD" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FEC7F6C7FEAD" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Dorsal submarginal tubercles of normal convex
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF890686FEC7F182FED2" box="[688,729,299,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">type</typeStatus>
present or absent........................................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FEA4F6C7FE27" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FEA4F6C7FEE8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FEA4F6C7FEE8" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
8(7) Ventral submarginal area with
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF89063FFEA4F162FECF" box="[521,569,328,349]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
III tubular ducts (each with a short, filamentous inner ductule) forming a complete, dense submarginal ring.. .................................................................................... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FE6FF6C7FE27" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FE6FF6C7FE27" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Ventral submarginal area with
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF89063FFE6FF162FE0A" box="[521,569,387,408]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
III tubular ducts not forming a complete, dense submarginal ring, only sparsely present at least on head apex.. .................................................................................. 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FE51F6C7FD9F" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FE51F6C7FE62" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FE51F6C7FE62" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
9(8) Body narrow and extremely elongate oval. Dorsal setae rather lanceolate and arranged segmentally on abdomen and thorax ........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890003FE37F6C7FE62" authority="Tanaka &amp; Amano 2005" authorityName="Tanaka &amp; Amano" authorityYear="2005" box="[1077,1436,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hakonensis">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890003FE37F7E3FE7D" box="[1077,1208,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. hakonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89008BFE36F6C7FE62" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Amano, H." box="[1213,1436,474,496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="79 - 84" refId="ref11521" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Amano, H. (2005) A new species of Pulvinaria (Homoptera: Coccidae) and a new locality record of Pulvinaria neocellulosa. Entomological Science, 8 (1), 79 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2005.00102. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Tanaka &amp; Amano 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FE14F6C7FD9F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,503,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FE14F6C7FD9F" box="[151,1436,503,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448"> Body relatively broad and not extremely elongate. Dorsal setae mostly spiniform and not arranged segmentally......... 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FDF9F6C7FDD5" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FDF9F6C7FDB9" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,533,555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FDF9F6C7FDB9" box="[151,1436,533,555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
10(9) Well-developed long ventral setae present on all abdominal and thoracic segments............. ....
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8900FCFDF9F6C7FDB9" ID-CoL="4QH6V" authority="Shinji 1935" authorityName="Shinji" authorityYear="1935" box="[1226,1436,533,555]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araliae">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8900FCFDF9F67CFDB8" box="[1226,1319,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. araliae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89011BFDF9F6C7FDB9" author="Shinji, O." box="[1325,1436,533,555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="767 - 777" refId="ref11263" refString="Shinji, O. (1935) A list of the unarmed scale insects collected in the Prefecture of Iwate, with the descriptions of 7 new species. Journal of the Zoological Society of Japan, 47, 767 - 777." type="journal article" year="1935">Shinji 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FDDFF6C7FDD5" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,562,584]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FDDFF6C7FDD5" box="[151,1436,562,584]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448"> Well-developed long ventral setae absent from several thoracic segments at least................................. 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FDBCF6C7FD10" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FDBCF6C7FDF7" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,591,614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FDBCF6C7FDF7" box="[151,1436,591,614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">11(10) With at least a few preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates............................................ 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FD81F6C7FD10" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,621,643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FD81F6C7FD10" box="[151,1436,621,643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Preopercular pores entirely absent..................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8900BCFD81F6C7FD10" ID-CoL="4QHCT" authority="Lindinger 1933" authorityName="Lindinger" authorityYear="1933" box="[1162,1436,621,643]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8900BCFD81F659FD10" box="[1162,1282,621,642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. nipponica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89013EFD81F6C7FD10" author="Lindinger, L." box="[1288,1436,621,643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="77 - 166" refId="ref11070" refString="Lindinger, L. (1933) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Schildlause (Hemipt. - Homopt., Coccid.). Entomologischer Anzeiger, 13, 77 - 166." type="journal article" year="1933">Lindinger 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FD66F6C7FD65" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FD66F6C7FD2F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FD66F6C7FD2F" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
12(10) Multilocular pores mostly each with 8 or 9 loculi. Dorsal tubular ducts more numerous than dorsal microducts..........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8900A8FD44F6C7FD2F" ID-CoL="4QHDP" authority="Kuwana 1914" authorityName="Kuwana" authorityYear="1914" box="[1182,1436,679,701]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="photiniae">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8900A8FD44F64AFD2E" box="[1182,1297,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. photiniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF890120FD44F6C7FD2F" author="Kuwana, S. I." box="[1302,1436,680,701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref11043" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1914) Coccidae of Japan, V. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 6, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1914">Kuwana 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FD29F6C7FD65" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FD29F6C7FD65" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Multilocular pores mostly each with 7 loculi. Dorsal microducts more numerous than dorsal tubular ducts..............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8900ABFD0FF6C7FD65" ID-CoL="4QHBK" authority="Kuwana 1907" authorityName="Kuwana" authorityYear="1907" box="[1181,1436,738,760]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuwacola">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8900ABFD0FF64BFD65" box="[1181,1296,738,760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. kuwacola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF890120FD0FF6C7FD65" author="Kuwana, S. I." box="[1302,1436,738,760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="177 - 212" refId="ref10949" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1907) Coccidae of Japan, I. A synoptical list of Coccidae of Japan with descriptions of thirteen new species. Bulletin of the Imperial Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan, 1, 177 - 212." type="journal article" year="1907">Kuwana 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FCECF6C7FCA1" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FCECF6C7FC87" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,767,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FCECF6C7FC87" box="[151,1436,767,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">13(8) Body outline subcircular. Well-developed long ventral setae present on most thoracic and abdominal segments.......... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FCF1F6C7FCA1" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,797,819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FCF1F6C7FCA1" box="[151,1436,797,819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448"> Body outline elongate oval. Well-developed long ventral setae absent from thoracic segments at least................. 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FCD6F6C7FC57" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FCD6F6C7FC18" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FCD6F6C7FC18" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
14(13) Multilocular pores present between antennae. Venter with
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF890727FCD7F01AFCC2" box="[785,833,827,848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
III tubular ducts (each with a short, filamentous inner ductule) present in submarginal areas from anal cleft anteriorly as far forward as anterior spiracular disc pore bands................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890080FC99F6C7FC18" ID-CoL="6WPC2" authority="Kuwana 1902" authorityName="Kuwana" authorityYear="1902" box="[1206,1436,885,906]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hazeae">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890080FC99F64AFC18" box="[1206,1297,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. hazeae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF890120FC99F6C7FC18" author="Kuwana, S. I." box="[1302,1436,885,906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="43 - 98" refId="ref10918" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1902) Coccidae (scale insects) of Japan. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3, 43 - 98." type="journal article" year="1902">Kuwana 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FC7FF6C7FC57" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FC7FF6C7FC57" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Multilocular pores absent from head. Venter with
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF890689FC7FF1B4FC3A" box="[703,751,915,936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
III tubular ducts present in submarginal areas from anal cleft anteriorly as far forward as area near each antenna................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890083FC5CF6C7FC57" ID-CoL="4QHB4" authority="Kuwana 1914" authorityName="Kuwana" authorityYear="1914" box="[1205,1436,943,965]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idesiae">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890083FC5CF64BFC56" box="[1205,1296,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. idesiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF890120FC5CF6C7FC57" author="Kuwana, S. I." box="[1302,1436,944,965]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref11043" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1914) Coccidae of Japan, V. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 6, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1914">Kuwana 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FC21F6C7FC6D" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FC21F6C7FC71" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,973,995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FC21F6C7FC71" box="[151,1436,973,995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">15(13) Marginal setae simply pointed.......................................................................... 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FC07F6C7FC6D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,1002,1024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FC07F6C7FC6D" box="[151,1436,1002,1024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448"> At least a few marginal setae bifid / fimbriate / frayed....................................................... 18</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FBEBF6C7FBE7" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FBEBF6C7FBA8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FBEBF6C7FBA8" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
16(15) Ventral submarginal
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF890591FBE4F28CFB8F" box="[423,471,1032,1053]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
III tubular ducts (each with a short, filamentous inner ductule) concentrated on posterior part of body, usually absent from area near each antenna............................................................... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FBAFF6C7FBE7" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FBAFF6C7FBE7" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Ventral submarginal
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF89059AFBAFF287FBCA" box="[428,476,1091,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
III tubular ducts not concentrated on posterior part of body, and usually present on area near each antenna.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890047FB8CF6C7FBE7" authority="Tanaka &amp; Amano 2004" authorityName="Tanaka &amp; Amano" authorityYear="2004" box="[1137,1436,1119,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satoi">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890047FB8CF7E3FBE7" box="[1137,1208,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. satoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89008BFBB3F6C7FBE7" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Amano, H." box="[1213,1436,1119,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="265 - 270" refId="ref11481" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Amano, H. (2004) Two new species of Pulvinaria (Homoptera, Coccidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 10 (2), 265 - 270." type="journal article" year="2004">Tanaka &amp; Amano 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FB91F6C7FB79" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FB91F6C7FB3D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FB91F6C7FB3D" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
17(16) In life, without visible wax secretion on dorsum before oviposition. Dorsal tubular ducts not numerous...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF89006FFB77F6C7FB3D" authority="Tanaka &amp; Amano 2004" authorityName="Tanaka &amp; Amano" authorityYear="2004" box="[1113,1436,1178,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aonoae">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF89006FFB77F7E3FB22" box="[1113,1208,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. aonoae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89008BFB76F6C7FB3D" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Amano, H." box="[1213,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="265 - 270" refId="ref11481" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Amano, H. (2004) Two new species of Pulvinaria (Homoptera, Coccidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 10 (2), 265 - 270." type="journal article" year="2004">Tanaka &amp; Amano 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FB54F6C7FB79" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FB54F6C7FB79" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
In life, with considerable amounts of visible wax secretion on dorsum even before oviposition. Dorsal tubular ducts numerous........................................................................... ...
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8900B9FB39F6C7FB79" ID-CoL="4QH9K" authority="Takahashi 1955" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1955" box="[1167,1436,1237,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enkianthi">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8900B9FB39F7A4FB78" box="[1167,1279,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. enkianthi</emphasis>
Takahashi 1955
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FB1EF6C7FAB7" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FB1EF6C7FA95" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,1266,1288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FB1EF6C7FA95" box="[151,1436,1266,1288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">18(16) Dorsal tubular ducts always present..................................................................... 19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FAFCF6C7FAB7" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" box="[151,1436,1295,1317]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FAFCF6C7FAB7" box="[151,1436,1295,1317]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448"> Dorsal tubular ducts mostly absent.. ..................................................................... 20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FAC1F6C7FA09" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FAC1F6C7FACD" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FAC1F6C7FACD" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
19(18) Marginal setae with fimbriate / frayed / spatulated apices. Ventral submarginal
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF8907CAFAC1F777FAD0" box="[1020,1068,1325,1346]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
III tubular ducts (each with a short, filamentous inner ductule) absent from area near each antenna....................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890007FAA7F664FACD" ID-CoL="4QH84" authority="Signoret 1873" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1873" box="[1073,1343,1354,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890007FAA7F7E9FACD" box="[1073,1202,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. camelicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89008EFAA6F664FACD" author="Signoret, V." box="[1208,1343,1354,1376]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="27 - 48" refId="ref11306" refString="Signoret, V. (1873) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 10 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Series 5, 3, 27 - 48." type="journal article" year="1873">Signoret 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890173FAA6F6C7FACD" bold="true" box="[1349,1436,1354,1375]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22BF7475538FF890173FAA6F6C7FACD" box="[1349,1436,1354,1375]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FA84F6C7FA09" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FA84F6C7FA09" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Marginal setae with bifid apices present, but setae with fimbriate / frayed / spatulated apices absent. Ventral submarginal
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF89015BFA84F6C6FAEF" box="[1389,1437,1384,1405]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
III tubular ducts present on area near each antenna.........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF89008EFA69F6C7FA09" ID-CoL="4QH9Z" authority="Takahashi 1955" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1955" box="[1208,1436,1413,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF89008EFA69F65BFA08" box="[1208,1280,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. flava</emphasis>
Takahashi 1955
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30988E8B5538FF8904A1FA4EF6C7F982" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FA4EF6C7FA47" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FA4EF6C7FA47" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
20(18) Cylindrical paintbrush-like marginal setae present. Dermal areolations sometimes present on submarginal area of dorsum.................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8900ACFA2CF6C7FA47" ID-CoL="4QHFV" authority="Cockerell 1893" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1893" box="[1178,1436,1471,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8900ACFA2CF658FA46" box="[1178,1283,1471,1493]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. urbicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89013FFA53F6C7FA47" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1289,1436,1471,1493]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="252 - 256" refId="ref10061" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1893) A list of West Indian Coccidae. Journal of the Institute of Jamaica, 1, 252 - 256." type="journal article" year="1893">Cockerell 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1FA31F6C7F982" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
<keyLead id="309D351B5538FF8904A1FA31F6C7F982" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
Cylindrical paintbrush-like marginal setae absent. Marginal setae frequently with fimbriate / frayed / divided apices, but always flattened................................................................. ....
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF89004EFA17F6C7F982" ID-CoL="78PBJ" authority="(Westwood 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1144,1436,1530,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF89004EFA17F7B7F99D" box="[1144,1260,1530,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. floccifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF8900CEFA16F6CEF982" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[1272,1429,1530,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="308" refId="ref11899" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1870) The camellia coccus Coccus flocciferus Westw. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 10, 308." type="journal article" year="1870">Westwood 1870</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376C5A55538FF8904A1F9D4F2F7F804" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1F9D4F0CCF92C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1592,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
*1.
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8904F7F9D4F171F9C1" authority="Shinji 1935" authorityName="Shinji" authorityYear="1935" box="[193,554,1592,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katsurae">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8904F7F9D4F2FBF9C0" box="[193,416,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Pulvinaria katsurae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89059EF9D4F171F9C1" author="Shinji, O." box="[424,554,1592,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="767 - 777" refId="ref11263" refString="Shinji, O. (1935) A list of the unarmed scale insects collected in the Prefecture of Iwate, with the descriptions of 7 new species. Journal of the Zoological Society of Japan, 47, 767 - 777." type="journal article" year="1935">Shinji 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890657F9D4F083F9C0" authority="Ben-Dov, 1993" authorityName="Ben-Dov" authorityYear="1993" box="[609,984,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinjii">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890657F9D4F07DF9C0" box="[609,806,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Pulvinaria shinjii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF89071BF9D4F083F9C0" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[813,984,1592,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" refId="ref9966" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of the Soft Scale Insects of the World (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890036F9D5F654F9C1" authority="Shinji 1935" authorityName="Shinji" authorityYear="1935" box="[1024,1295,1592,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acericola">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890036F9D5F7DDF9C0" box="[1024,1158,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. acericola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF8900BBF9D4F654F9C1" author="Shinji, O." box="[1165,1295,1592,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="767 - 777" refId="ref11263" refString="Shinji, O. (1935) A list of the unarmed scale insects collected in the Prefecture of Iwate, with the descriptions of 7 new species. Journal of the Zoological Society of Japan, 47, 767 - 777." type="journal article" year="1935">Shinji 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(nec (Walsh &amp; Riley 1868)) were described from
<collectingCountry id="F37BD6BE5538FF890672F9B0F1DFF9E4" box="[580,644,1628,1654]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Japan</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF890685F9B0F016F9E5" author="Shinji, O." box="[691,845,1628,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="767 - 777" refId="ref11263" refString="Shinji, O. (1935) A list of the unarmed scale insects collected in the Prefecture of Iwate, with the descriptions of 7 new species. Journal of the Zoological Society of Japan, 47, 767 - 777." type="journal article" year="1935">Shinji (1935)</bibRefCitation>
. However, morphological information on these two species is quite limited, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF8905E7F96CF12CF909" author="Shinji, O." box="[465,631,1664,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="767 - 777" refId="ref11263" refString="Shinji, O. (1935) A list of the unarmed scale insects collected in the Prefecture of Iwate, with the descriptions of 7 new species. Journal of the Zoological Society of Japan, 47, 767 - 777." type="journal article" year="1935">Shinjis (1935)</bibRefCitation>
sets of original
<typeStatus id="54D7288C5538FF89071FF96CF002F908" box="[809,857,1664,1690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">type</typeStatus>
material has not been available (probably they have been lost). We therefore did not include these two species in the key.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD3962E5538FF8904A1F900F2F7F804" blockId="10.[151,1437,1772,1942]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">
*2. The three species of Japanese
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF89062FF900F1CAF894" box="[537,657,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF89062FF900F1CAF894" box="[537,657,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890696F900F756F895" authority="Shinji 1935" authorityName="Shinji" authorityYear="1935" box="[672,1037,1772,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euonymi">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890696F900F024F894" box="[672,895,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Pulvinaria euonymi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF8907B1F900F756F895" author="Shinji, O." box="[903,1037,1772,1799]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="767 - 777" refId="ref11263" refString="Shinji, O. (1935) A list of the unarmed scale insects collected in the Prefecture of Iwate, with the descriptions of 7 new species. Journal of the Zoological Society of Japan, 47, 767 - 777." type="journal article" year="1935">Shinji 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF89002FF900F6C3F894" authority="Kuwana 1902" authorityName="Kuwana" authorityYear="1902" box="[1049,1432,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oyamae">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF89002FF900F7ABF894" box="[1049,1264,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Pulvinaria oyamae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF8900CEF900F6C3F894" author="Kuwana, S. I." box="[1272,1432,1772,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" pagination="43 - 98" refId="ref10918" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1902) Coccidae (scale insects) of Japan. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3, 43 - 98." type="journal article" year="1902">Kuwana 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF8904FEF8FCF173F8B9" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[200,552,1808,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF8904FEF8FCF22DF8B8" box="[200,374,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">Pulvinaria vitis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFDEBDF5538FF890548F8FCF173F8B9" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[382,552,1808,1835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" refId="ref11102" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentii, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Edition X. Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp. [in Latin] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, are very similar to each other, and morphological character states that clearly distinguish them have not been found. On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890710F8D9F02AF8DC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[806,881,1845,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890710F8D9F02AF8DC" box="[806,881,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. vitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely to contain several cryptic species, and it would be unwise to treat all of them as one species. For this reason, these three species were included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C6CEDAD5538FF890164F8B5F6C6F8E0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1362,1437,1881,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
<emphasis id="B9184A3C5538FF890164F8B5F6C6F8E0" box="[1362,1437,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="448">P. vitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group in the key.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>