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<document id="CA78FAAFE08DA2650EB2714DECA767ED" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93f6d085-8e63-4d1e-89c1-f950128b2a61" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245887" ID-ZooBank="47EF6E9D-9064-4899-B3DD-276FF7C969EB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461351539127" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Molinero, A. González &amp; Peña Cantero, A. L." docDate="2015" docId="03C287C628097C14D4F489A82EDC7E84" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04052p441.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4052 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oswaldella bifurca Hartlaub 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="403" masterDocId="FFFBFFBE280B7C16D4638A112C127859" masterDocTitle="SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="441" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="403" updateTime="1698622027685" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6AA0FE7D377A8674AB9DD22D55441595">SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="45329CBFFACC508EF47842541EEEDB05">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C287C628097C14D4F489A82EDC7E84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107441" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119646517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107441" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287C628097C14D4F489A82EDC7E84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287C628097C14D4F489A82EDC7E84" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<subSubSection id="C371655B28097C14D4F489A82DBB7BAD" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4F489A82E527B8A" blockId="2.[151,576,953,1013]" box="[151,576,953,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<heading id="D09C81BC28097C14D4F489A82E527B8A" bold="true" box="[151,576,953,979]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D5328097C14D4F489A82E527B8A" ID-CoL="75D9P" authority="Hartlaub, 1904" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,576,953,979]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D4F489A82E527B8A" bold="true" box="[151,576,953,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D4F489A82D6E7B8A" bold="true" box="[151,380,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Oswaldella bifurca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128097C14D5E089A82E527B8A" author="Hartlaub" box="[387,576,953,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899 (Zoologie), 7, 1 - 19, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1904">Hartlaub, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4F489CD2DBB7BAD" blockId="2.[151,576,953,1013]" box="[151,425,988,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
(
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D4FC89CD2CF77BAD" box="[159,229,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D49089CD2D1D7BAC" box="[243,271,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 16. Detail of the area from which mesial nematophore emerges. A, Oswaldella bifurca; B, Oswaldella delicata; C, Oswaldella elongata; D, Oswaldella erratum; E, Oswaldella frigida; F, Oswaldella garciacarrascosai; G, Oswaldella grandis; H, Oswaldella incognita; I, Oswaldella laertesi; J, Oswaldella niobae; K, Oswaldella rigida; L, Oswaldella shetlandica; M, Oswaldella stepanjantsae; N, Oswaldella vervoorti; O, Oswaldella sp. Scale bar: 20 µm (A O)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">16</figureCitation>
A, 17A, 19A)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B28097C14D4F48E3C28AE7C34" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4F48E3C28AE7C34" blockId="2.[151,1437,1069,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D4F48E3C2D927C1F" bold="true" box="[151,384,1069,1094]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028097C14D5E48E3C2E0F7C1F" box="[391,541,1069,1094]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">United States</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028097C14D6478E3C2E9E7C1F" box="[548,652,1069,1094]" name="Antarctica" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Research Program (
<collectionCode id="ED7AAE1528097C14D70C8E3F2FC37C1F" box="[879,977,1070,1094]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">USARP</collectionCode>
):
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D7808E3C287C7C1F" bold="true" box="[995,1134,1069,1094]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Stn 32/2095</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D01F8E3C28DC7C1F" box="[1148,1230,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Eltanin</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFD5101028097C14D0BF8E3F298A7C1F" box="[1244,1432,1069,1094]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" value="1968-02-03">3 February 1968</date>
, 76°04
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, 164°46
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F501728097C14D5A68E452E2B7C34" box="[453,569,1108,1133]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" precision="925" value="-164.85">164°51W</geoCoordinate>
(Ross Sea, center of sea),
<quantity id="4C939B3528097C14D7018E452FF37C35" box="[866,993,1108,1133]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3149999999999995" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.13" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="531.5" valueMax="550.0" valueMin="513.0">513550 m</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="ED7AAE1528097C14D78C8E4428507C34" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1007,1090,1109,1133]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">USNM</collectionCode>
1003302).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B28097C14D4AC8E6A2F4E7E19" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4AC8E6A2E657CBB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1069,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D4AC8E6A2D737CCD" bold="true" box="[207,353,1147,1172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Description.</emphasis>
Monosiphonic, usually unbranched stems, up to
<quantity id="4C939B3528097C14D7FD8E6A2FE27CCA" box="[926,1008,1147,1172]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
high, divided into internodes. Angle between cauline apophyses and stem ca. 70°. Cauline apophyses with one or two axillary nematophores emerging through simple perisarc holes (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D5928ED82E3D7CBB" box="[497,559,1225,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
BC).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4AC8EE128647D27" blockId="2.[151,1437,1069,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Hydrocladia much branched (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D6488EE12E7D7D50" box="[555,623,1264,1289]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A); branching symmetrical, up to the fourth-order. First hydrocladial internode bifurcated, with two similar prongs (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D6FE8F062EC97D76" box="[669,731,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
AB). Mesial superior nematophore emerging above adcauline hydrothecal wall. Mesial inferior nematophore located on a distinct elevation at lower third of internode; without nematotheca (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D5578F742D607D27" box="[308,370,1381,1406]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
DF). Distal hydrocladial internodes with sharp distal end (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D0738F74285D7D27" box="[1040,1103,1381,1406]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4AC8F9D2EA17E43" blockId="2.[151,1437,1069,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Hydrothecae placed on basal half or third of hydrocladial internodes. Hydrotheca low, about as high as wide. Adcauline hydrothecal wall either completely adnate to internode (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D7FF8FA22FCC7D95" box="[924,990,1459,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D) or with tiny free portion (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D1568FA2296A7D95" box="[1333,1400,1459,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E). Abcauline wall roughly straight. Hydrothecal aperture usually circular (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D7BF8FCB28327DAA" box="[988,1056,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E), although frequently frontally depressed (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D5768C102D467E43" box="[277,340,1537,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D); rim usually rising laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4AC8C392F4E7E19" blockId="2.[151,1437,1069,1757]" box="[207,860,1576,1601]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Gonothecae immature, inverted cone-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D6B08C392F037E19" box="[723,785,1576,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, G).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B28097C14D4AC8C5E2EDC7E84" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4AC8C5E2EDC7E84" blockId="2.[151,1437,1069,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D4AC8C5E2D517E31" bold="true" box="[207,323,1615,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128097C14D52F8C412ED67E3E" box="[332,708,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort (2004)</bibRefCitation>
already stated that the number of axillary nematophores on the cauline apophyses was variable, finding apophyses with a single axillary nematophore and others with two, even on the same stem. We have also observed that variability and, as those authors indicated, there is a clear tendency in the axillary nematophores to coalesce (
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D60B8CD52EBA7E84" box="[616,680,1732,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1325,195,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oswaldella bifurca (Hartlaub, 1904). A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; D E, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (D E, G) and 20 µm (B C, E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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