254 lines
35 KiB
XML
254 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="B030AD8C7A2BCE88050A27C5EA0A0A33" ID-CLB-Dataset="28598" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zly022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9dd11965-9958-4665-aef8-d4b9d8d458f0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2546555" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DF0067E9- 1CC5-4E4E-B307-5A79A1D0B3C3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1548713967200" checkinUser="PlaziZenodoSync" docAuthor="Ana Laura Almeida, Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" docDate="2019" docId="03BFF20FD3494946FCBFF9319F5EFA51" docLanguage="en" docName="zjls.185.1.1-65.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Geoplana Schultze & Muller 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FF868A77D372497AFFEDFFE19A2FFFD9" masterDocTitle="‘ Endless forms most beautiful’: taxonomic revision of the planarian Geoplana vaginuloides (Darwin, 1844) and discovery of numerous congeners (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1548156074671" originalUpdateUser="PlaziZenodoSync" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698664457238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DC075C50D1CDFD8A3EA2E412E97F5CD6">
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<mods:title id="6A3D6E88504A1ED1FD05BCAC51CE55E4">‘ Endless forms most beautiful’: taxonomic revision of the planarian Geoplana vaginuloides (Darwin, 1844) and discovery of numerous congeners (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8C4DD7689E1411A250047E031A9447E2">Ana Laura Almeida</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="69CA48B35CAA60A1C7A8BBB7D028801E">Fernando P. L. Marques</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E4FE65D7EC785FC3014C16D40DACD0E">Fernando Carbayo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="54BEF17A148B9FDBC9A458B1AA4810F1">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="087D0BE67281C78300D45248D72EF0A7">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E2A190600DF4DA51D0F7B132E97618E4">2018-01-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6568CC54433814DD0D2085102E20236E">185</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EFD5DCE6BCD9C99453FA5401ADC36119" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zly022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BFF20FD3494946FCBFF9319F5EFA51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5943901" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152246294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5943901" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BFF20FD3494946FCBFF9319F5EFA51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BFF20FD3494946FCBFF9319F5EFA51" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C30C1092D3494941FCBFF9319E84F8DC" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA94319D3494941FCBFF9319FA4F93F" blockId="59.[827,1443,1744,1898]" box="[850,1419,1744,1767]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D0E1F475D3494941FCBFF9319FA4F93F" allCaps="true" box="[850,1419,1744,1767]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="5">MORPHOLOGICAL DISTINCTION OF THE SPECIES OF</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA94319D3494941FBDFF90E9E84F8DC" blockId="59.[827,1443,1744,1898]" box="[1074,1195,1775,1798]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D0E1F475D3494941FBDFF90E9E84F8DC" allCaps="true" box="[1074,1195,1775,1798]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD3494941FBDFF90E9E84F8DC" ID-CoL="7P3GP" authorityName="Schultze & Muller" authorityYear="1857" box="[1074,1195,1775,1798]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD3494941FBDFF90E9E84F8DC" box="[1074,1195,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">GEOPLANA</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C1092D3494946FCD6F8F69F5EFA51" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA94319D3494941FCD6F8F69F8DF8B3" blockId="59.[827,1443,1744,1898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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A total of five species are distinguished from the remaining congeners in the chromatic pattern of the dorsum, namely
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD3494941FC10F8B49E9FF8B0" authorityName=": Marcus" authorityYear="1952" box="[1021,1200,1876,1898]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vaginuloides">
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD3494941FC10F8B49E9FF8B0" box="[1021,1200,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. vaginuloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(median black band,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA94319D34E4946FF7CFF279B59FD3F" blockId="60.[145,761,198,1907]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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white-yellow para-median stripes externally bordered by black lines, and lateral reddish-iron bands),
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FD4CFF0498D6FF22" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[673,761,229,251]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="apua">
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FD4CFF0498D6FF22" box="[673,761,229,251]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. apua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(median luminous orange band, bounded on either side by a black stripe, externally to which is a greenishyellow stripe, and this again is bordered externally by a marginal black band),
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FE48FE819BD4FEAC" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[421,507,352,373]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mogi">
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FE48FE819BD4FEAC" box="[421,507,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. mogi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(median orange-ochre band, bounded on either side by a thin whitish stripe, and in turn this is bordered externally by a thin black line, externally to which is a grey band with dense white mottling, externally to which is a thin marginal black line),
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FEF6FE189B89FDD6" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[283,422,505,527]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="iporanga">
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FEF6FE189B89FDD6" box="[283,422,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. iporanga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(median melon yellow band, bounded on either side by a black band, externally to which is a white band divided longitudinally in half by a black line), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FEB6FDB49BCCFDB3" authorityName="Schultze & Muller" authorityYear="1857" box="[347,483,597,618]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pulchella">
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FEB6FDB49BCCFDB3" box="[347,483,597,618]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. pulchella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(anterior third of dorsal body pure orange; remaining dorsal side constituted by a median light grey band, bordered on either side by a black band; entire dorsum sprinkled with conspicuous whitish specks).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA94319D34E4946FF44FD0F98A1FC02" blockId="60.[145,761,198,1907]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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There are six pairs of species that are indistinguishable by means of only either the external aspect (
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FF74FCCD9B83FC98" box="[153,428,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FF74FCCD9B18FC98" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[153,311,812,833]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="piratininga">G. piratininga</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FEABFCCD9B83FC98" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[326,428,812,833]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ibiuna">G. ibiuna</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FE5AFCCD98B9FC98" box="[439,662,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FE5AFCCD9824FC98" authorityName="Froehlich" authorityYear="1956" box="[439,523,812,833]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chita">G. chita</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FDF6FCCD98B9FC98" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[539,662,812,833]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="boraceia">G. boraceia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FD4CFCCD9BB4FCB9" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FD4CFCCD9B29FC86" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caraguatatuba">G. caraguatatuba</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FEF8FCAB9BB4FCB9" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[277,411,842,864]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cananeia">G. cananeia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FE38FCAA9AFBFCA7" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FE38FCAA9875FC86" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[469,602,842,864]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cambara">G. cambara</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FD84FCAB9AFBFCA7" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="paranapiacaba">G. paranapiacaba</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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) or the internal organs (
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FE08FC8898E6FCA7" box="[485,713,873,894]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FE08FC889849FCA7" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[485,614,873,894]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cambara">G. cambara</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FD99FC8898E6FCA7" authorityName="Froehlich" authorityYear="1956" box="[628,713,873,894]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chita">G. chita</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FF7CFC699B5EFC44" box="[145,369,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FF7CFC699AC9FC44" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[145,230,904,925]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mogi">G. mogi</taxonomicName>
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–
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FF18FC699B5EFC44" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[245,369,904,925]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="boraceia">G. boraceia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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). Their profound similarity means that we rely on a combination of both external and internal atributes to recognize every species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA94319D34E4946FF44FC059898FAF2" blockId="60.[145,761,198,1907]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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The dorsum of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FE81FC05980EFC20" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[364,545,996,1017]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="piratininga">
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FE81FC05980EFC20" box="[364,545,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. piratininga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FD89FC0598F5FC20" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[612,730,996,1017]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FD89FC0598F5FC20" box="[612,730,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. ibiuna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is very alike (median traffic red or orange-ochre band, bounded on either side by a black stripe, externally to which is a white stripe, and in turn this is externally bordered by a black band, externally to which is a thin marginal white line). However, their copulatory apparatus differs in that in
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FE79FB7D981AFB68" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[404,565,1180,1201]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="piratininga">
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<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FE79FB7D981AFB68" box="[404,565,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. piratininga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the penis papilla is as long as five times its diameter, and the femaleto-male atrial length ratio is 2.0, whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FD62FB3898D7FB37" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[655,760,1241,1262]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FD62FB3898D7FB37" box="[655,760,1241,1262]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. ibiuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the penis papilla is as long as seven times its diameter, and the female-to-male atrial length ratio is 1.0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA94319D34E4946FF44FAD4985EF999" blockId="60.[145,761,198,1907]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The dorsum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FEB9FAD49B83FA93" authorityName="Froehlich" authorityYear="1956" box="[340,428,1333,1354]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FEB9FAD49B83FA93" box="[340,428,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. chita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FE08FAD4984CFA93" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[485,611,1333,1354]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="boraceia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FE08FAD4984CFA93" box="[485,611,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. boraceia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also indistinguishable from each other (median mustard-coloured band, bounded on either side by a black band; entire dorsum sprinkled with conspicuous whitish specks). The internal most conspicuous difference between them is that the diameter of the muscular cylinder around the ejaculatory duct is equivalent to ten times the diameter of this duct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FDD5F9ED98A1F9F9" authorityName="Froehlich" authorityYear="1956" box="[568,654,1547,1569]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FDD5F9ED98A1F9F9" box="[568,654,1547,1569]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. chita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FF43F9CB9B03F9E6" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[174,300,1578,1599]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="boraceia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FF43F9CB9B03F9E6" box="[174,300,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. boraceia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is equivalent to 1.5 times.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA94319D34E4946FF44F9A89F5DFEAC" blockId="60.[145,761,198,1907]" lastBlockId="60.[809,1426,198,1416]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FF44F9A89BE9F987" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[169,454,1609,1630]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caraguatatuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FF44F9A89BE9F987" box="[169,454,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Geoplana caraguatatuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FE12F9A898A9F987" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[511,646,1609,1630]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cananeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FE12F9A898A9F987" box="[511,646,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cananeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present a dorsal colour pattern also very alike (median orangeochre or yellow-orange band, bounded on either side by a black stripe, externally to which is a white stripe, and this in turn is externally bordered by a black stripe that merges into a grey band with white mottling, which fades gradually towards its outer margin, whereas this margin is bordered by a black stripe). However, the penis papilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FDE8F8DF98F4F88A" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[517,731,1854,1875]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caraguatatuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FDE8F8DF98F4F88A" box="[517,731,1854,1875]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. caraguatatuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is pointed, the female atrium presents smooth walls, and female-to-male atrial length ratio is 2.0, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FCC4FF049983FF23" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[809,940,229,250]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cananeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FCC4FF049983FF23" box="[809,940,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cananeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the penis papilla is blunt, the posterior half of the female atrium has a richly folded wall and the female-to-male atrial length ratio is 1.0. Additionally, in the latter species the stroma of the penis papilla presents necks of glands gathered in gross bundles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA94319D34E4946FCACFE9F9F17FCB9" blockId="60.[809,1426,198,1416]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The pair of species
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FBC4FE9F9FBEFE4A" box="[1065,1425,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FBC4FE9F9E9EFE4A" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1065,1201,382,403]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cambara">G. cambara</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FB2DFE9F9FBEFE4A" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1216,1425,382,403]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="paranapiacaba">G. paranapiacaba</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are externally very alike (median stripe of orange or orange-ochre, bounded on either side by a black line, externally to which is a broader white line, and in turn this is externally bordered by a thin black line, externally to which is a grey band with dense white mottling, bordered by a thin marginal black line). Internally, they can be distinguished in that the longitudinal parenchymal muscle fibres are disposed around intestine as a loose muscular cylinder in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FAE8FD739FA5FD7E" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1285,1418,658,679]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cambara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FAE8FD739FA5FD7E" box="[1285,1418,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FC58FD509EA4FD1F" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[949,1163,689,710]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="paranapiacaba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FC58FD509EA4FD1F" box="[949,1163,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. paranapiacaba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the muscle fibres are positioned only dorsally and ventrally to the intestine. Furthermore, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FC04FD0F9E42FCDA" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1001,1133,750,771]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cambara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FC04FD0F9E42FCDA" box="[1001,1133,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the diameter of the muscular cylinder around the ejaculatory duct is equivalent to 12 times the diameter of this duct, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FCC4FCAB99DCFC86" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[809,1011,842,863]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="paranapiacaba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FCC4FCAB99DCFC86" box="[809,1011,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. paranapiacaba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is equivalent to 2.5 times.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA94319D34E4946FCACFC889EF6FB68" blockId="60.[809,1426,198,1416]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Finally, the species of each of two pairs of species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FCDCFC699E0BFC45" box="[817,1060,903,925]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FCDCFC699995FC45" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[817,954,903,925]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cambara">G. cambara</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FC27FC669E0BFC45" authorityName="Froehlich" authorityYear="1956" box="[970,1060,903,924]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chita">G. chita</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FB8CFC699F61FC45" box="[1121,1358,903,925]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FB8CFC699E94FC44" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1121,1211,904,925]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mogi">G. mogi</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FB26FC699F61FC45" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1227,1358,903,925]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="boraceia">G. boraceia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) cannot be differentiate from each other with regard to the internal organs, especially the copulatory apparatus. However, the chromatic pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FB56FC059F10FC21" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1211,1343,995,1017]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cambara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FB56FC059F10FC21" box="[1211,1343,995,1017]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. cambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is constituted by a median orange stripe plus five pairs of lines (lateralmost lines are difficult to discern) either black, white or grey, whereas the dorsum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FADBFBA19FBEFB8D" authorityName="Froehlich" authorityYear="1956" box="[1334,1425,1087,1109]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FADBFBA19FBEFB8D" box="[1334,1425,1087,1109]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. chita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays a median mustard-coloured band, bounded on either side by a black band, with entire dorsum sprinkled with conspicuous whitish specks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA94319D34E4946FCACFB5B9F5EFA51" blockId="60.[809,1426,198,1416]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The internal organs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FBA3FB5B9E88FB16" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1102,1191,1210,1231]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mogi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FBA3FB5B9E88FB16" box="[1102,1191,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. mogi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FB0FFB5B9F4BFB16" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[1250,1380,1210,1231]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="boraceia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FB0FFB5B9F4BFB16" box="[1250,1380,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. boraceia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also very similar to each other, but the dorsum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FCC4FB1999AFFAD4" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[809,896,1272,1293]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mogi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FCC4FB1999AFFAD4" box="[809,896,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. mogi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is constituted by a median orange-ochre band plus four pairs of whitish, black or grey lines, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16389AD34E4946FCA4FAD499E3FA90" authorityName="Ana Laura Almeida & Fernando P. L. Marques & Fernando Carbayo" authorityYear="2019" box="[841,972,1332,1354]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="boraceia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9629F0BD34E4946FCA4FAD499E3FA90" box="[841,972,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. boraceia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the median mustard-coloured band is bounded on either side by a black band; with the entire dorsum sprinkled with conspicuous whitish specks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |