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<document id="640DE213EF6F9B4B34D97467C519215E" ID-CLB-Dataset="203173" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3920f7d-10a7-49bb-a5dd-67bb67df9845" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7408313" ID-ZooBank="9D77F604-4F07-4260-A520-578F3F95FA2F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1670400573828" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jiang, Ri-Xin, Huang, Xiu-Dong, Yang, Lin, Chang, Zhi-Min, Long, Jian-Kun &amp; Chen, Xiang-Sheng" docDate="2022" docId="03BF641ECF1EFFC871B35854FB0AF8F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5219.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5219 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky 1999" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FF861C66CF1FFFCD71245C37FFC2FF89" masterDocTitle="Description of the mature larva and pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky, 1999 (Coleoptera, Synchroidae)" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1699413156144" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="A683A068873B2BA7810456255AE8B18F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B680D16A62533EFCA6F135E3EBE39112">
<mods:title id="B75F921F43C6B050CE06BF0C39B6F687">Description of the mature larva and pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky, 1999 (Coleoptera, Synchroidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CAC8DA339D60EB69351DFDF0633FF9D1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AC55D66AF142ED6CE6BF906723239B79">
<mods:roleTerm id="5693C290D1B774F3A22C8E803B545C28">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A6EA974145967EA884F02B29A6D725B5">Jiang, Ri-Xin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6426511F0FBF1E6512C8520E278D2EA2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="01A7F056D892E0645409352509F61006">
<mods:roleTerm id="F77F90898060211BE4F1D1AE850C7D32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8DF12273F23335AFFA6EF189F0BEEB9D">Huang, Xiu-Dong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="892561F1A685D2269356133829AA00D9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="38059C2FA5A1D5C74724EFEEDD1CCBAB">
<mods:roleTerm id="078FBB2F41E0895565970C7C246EA479">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E217D4F2F1F665FF64E7DEFECB4F10B2">Yang, Lin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="503C2DDFABF4AF43EE639896D8932BE2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="87983750E1CA851F339B8FA8758AE88C">
<mods:roleTerm id="51659448C85E974798829C4A1C0AF20F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F99E97BDE2824D39292375EF079E181F">Chang, Zhi-Min</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="455B0113E16A0A6BC3C3467D428AF399" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C56FF489CC6130F05AA534494BA1E3CB">
<mods:roleTerm id="B8814ED809E3A84532C499BC3E139A5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="16307C39545EF92F8F24FE9098A42B8C">Long, Jian-Kun</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4AF0EC83DD3082D1CAABABE03E0BFF56" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A2BB1735E0C1E8627C8BE1900C600FCB">
<mods:roleTerm id="5EBFC382B6AF9A39E5BC48B975CC97AB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F899F1C2F980480D90103C1CD8F3B3EC">Chen, Xiang-Sheng</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="23E754D2B9521D93B9D1E4D5F3C081F2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B518C357CD62E5EEE306F6C2AF96F381" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B2D969DC4089959193BD0D60B1FEE8A8">
<mods:title id="7D91D04684E645823D0B470F91621F45">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="26ABF62393685E27E88DC208496C2ED7">
<mods:date id="C7C7E2B45BEB8B0644A10B638F1116B7">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E7EF06CCF31314257DAE6607F066DBF8" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="C375B7E6BB2364EC3F210C6140C6537B">2022-12-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="992CDCF65D70DBC228FB3535ADE57C04" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F5F59EEACA4078BF011DB0EDFED7BB5C">5219</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="55FF8FE39D1BA523E9A96A32EA2DE8BB" type="issue">
<mods:number id="5913458733F11881F021F1BF249F4E18">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="35DBD4007F9ED3C75B1E82A6C5FFB11D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0DFEF08D1498457B36D3998DE65103CA">83</mods:start>
<mods:end id="436FC3B44AEDEDF9C2A34E8FE1519418">91</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F5639C724CC8457B8C841EC582CD7119">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="59B1C70ACB2939293903B7AB7A84436E" type="CLB-Dataset">203173</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BDA9C342B08C4F933115A3DEDA800612" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="978DF73091A3683FB1086DEE0F22E3C8" type="GBIF-Dataset">e3920f7d-10a7-49bb-a5dd-67bb67df9845</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="384EC4ECCC69153DFE4DEB3AB440FCB7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5B329AC53E25C0DEDBE0E613E721FEFE" type="Zenodo-Dep">7408313</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="07702ED5392C2D01AF8E4B9F39304C45" type="ZooBank">9D77F604-4F07-4260-A520-578F3F95FA2F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03BF641ECF1EFFC871B35854FB0AF8F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408315" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205818824" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7408315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF641ECF1EFFC871B35854FB0AF8F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF641ECF1EFFC871B35854FB0AF8F9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="C30C8683CF1EFFCC71B35854FDFCFBF4" box="[151,574,1123,1150]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1EFFCC71B35854FDFCFBF4" blockId="1.[151,574,1123,1150]" box="[151,574,1123,1150]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="D0E16264CF1EFFCC71B35854FDFCFBF4" bold="true" box="[151,574,1123,1150]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C16AE8BCF1EFFCC71B35854FDFCFBF4" authority="Nikitsky, 1999" authorityName="Nikitsky" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,574,1123,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Synchroidae" genus="Synchroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC71B35854FDFCFBF4" bold="true" box="[151,574,1123,1150]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC71B35854FE46FBF7" bold="true" box="[151,388,1123,1150]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Synchroa chinensis</emphasis>
Nikitsky, 1999
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C8683CF1EFFCC71B3589FFB64FB49" box="[151,1190,1191,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1EFFCC71B3589FFB64FB49" blockId="1.[151,1190,1191,1246]" box="[151,1190,1191,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="4C16AE8BCF1EFFCC71B3589FFD9CFB49" authority="Nikitsky, 1999: 478 - 479" authorityName="Nikitsky" authorityPageNumber="478 - 479" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,606,1192,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Synchroidae" genus="Synchroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC71B3589FFE98FB49" box="[151,346,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Synchroa chinensis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7EDF55CF1EFFCC7045589FFD9CFB49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3987023302" box="[353,606,1192,1216]" country="China" location="Qingchengshan" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">Nikitsky, 1999: 478–479</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 6–8.
<typeStatus id="54AD6BAACF1EFFCC73E3589FFD3BFB49" box="[711,761,1192,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F3019598CF1EFFCC727D589FFC5AFB49" box="[857,920,1192,1216]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D21BEACF1EFFCC7286589FFC34FB49" box="[930,1014,1192,1216]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EC983D3CF1EFFCC7525589FFB60FB49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF641ECF1EFFC871B35854FB0AF8F9:8EC983D3CF1EFFCC7525589FFB60FB49" box="[1025,1186,1192,1216]" country="China" name="Qingchengshan" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Sichuan">Qingchengshan</location>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C8683CF1EFFCC71B358F1FE0EF9CF" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1EFFCC71B358F1FC25FB57" blockId="1.[151,1190,1191,1246]" box="[151,999,1222,1246]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="F3019598CF1EFFCC703B58F1FE9DFB57" box="[287,351,1222,1246]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D21BEACF1EFFCC704D58F1FE7FFB57" box="[361,445,1222,1246]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D21BEACF1EFFCC70E358F1FDD9FB57" box="[455,539,1222,1246]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D21BEACF1EFFCC730158F1FDAAFB57" box="[549,616,1222,1246]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Gansu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D21BEACF1EFFCC735758F1FD08FB57" box="[627,714,1222,1246]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
(new distributional record).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1EFFCC71B3593BFE0EF9CF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1292,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC71B3593BFC9FFAAE" bold="true" box="[151,861,1292,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Specimens examined. Larvae (4 ex), pupae (2 ex), adults (8 ex</emphasis>
,
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC7247593AFC5DFAAE" box="[867,927,1293,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC728D593AFC22FAAE" box="[937,992,1293,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="female">4♀♀</specimenCount>
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC72C5593BFA57FAA3" bold="true" box="[993,1429,1292,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
).
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC72D2593BFB97FAAE" box="[1014,1109,1292,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC757B593BFB72FAAE" box="[1119,1200,1292,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC759F593BFAD5FAAE" box="[1211,1303,1292,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="adult">3 adults</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC74015939FA8AFAA3" box="[1317,1352,1294,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC74705939FA4EFAA3" box="[1364,1420,1294,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7EDF55CF1EFFCC71B35907FDF4FA3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3987023301" collectingDate="2011-04-05" collectingDateMax="2022-04-12" collectingDateMin="2011-04-05" collectionCode="AE, GUGC" collectorName="Shilihetan &amp; Ri-Xin Jiang" country="China" elevation="1100" location="Huaxi District" municipality="Guiyang City" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
labeled ‘
<collectingCountry id="F3019598CF1EFFCC71D05907FE82FAC3" box="[244,320,1328,1354]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D21BEACF1EFFCC706F5907FE6CFAC3" box="[331,430,1328,1354]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD4F72CF1EFFCC709D5907FD93FAC3" box="[441,593,1328,1354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Guiyang City</collectingMunicipality>
(aeffi市),
<location id="8EC983D3CF1EFFCC73EA5907FCACFAC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF641ECF1EFFC871B35854FB0AF8F9:8EC983D3CF1EFFCC73EA5907FCACFAC3" box="[718,878,1328,1354]" country="China" municipality="Guiyang City" name="Huaxi District" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Guizhou">Huaxi District</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED074DCDCF1EFFCC725A5906FC65FAC1" box="[894,935,1329,1352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">AE</collectionCode>
Ḿ区),
<collectorName id="26E3B0DECF1EFFCC72CE5907FB9EFAC3" box="[1002,1116,1328,1354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Shilihetan</collectorName>
(十m河Ḃ),
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC75D05907FAB6FAC2" box="[1268,1396,1328,1355]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-03-05">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC75D05907FAB6FAC2" box="[1268,1396,1328,1355]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-03-05">05.III.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, H:
<quantity id="4CEE78EDCF1EFFCC71B35962FF2CFAE6" box="[151,238,1365,1391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="003B323BCF1EFFCC71B35962FF2CFAE6" box="[151,238,1365,1391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="26E3B0DECF1EFFCC71DF5963FE4EFAE7" box="[251,396,1364,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Ri-Xin Jiang</collectorName>
leg.’ (
<collectionCode id="ED074DCDCF1EFFCC70F15962FDE9FAE6" box="[469,555,1365,1391]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">GUGC</collectionCode>
); additional label of pupa: 1ex, labeled ‘
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC72D55962FBB6FAE6" box="[1009,1140,1365,1391]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-03-31">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC72D55962FBB6FAE6" box="[1009,1140,1365,1391]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-03-31">31.III.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
pupated’; additional label of adults: 2 ex (
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC706F594EFEAFFA1F" box="[331,365,1401,1430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="male">
1
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC707C594DFEAFFA1F" bold="true" box="[344,365,1402,1430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">♂</emphasis>
</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC705F594EFE5EFA1A" box="[379,412,1401,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
), labeled ‘
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC7330594EFD54FA1A" box="[532,662,1401,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-03-31">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC7330594EFD54FA1A" box="[532,662,1401,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-03-31">31.III.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
pupated,
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC7221594EFC43FA1A" box="[773,897,1401,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-08">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC7221594EFC43FA1A" box="[773,897,1401,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-08">08.IV.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
enclosed adult’; 1 ex (
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC75A3594EFB64FA1A" box="[1159,1190,1401,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
), labeled ‘
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC7438594FFA5FFA1A" box="[1308,1437,1400,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2011-04-05">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC7438594FFA5FFA1A" box="[1308,1437,1400,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2011-04-05">05.IV.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
pupated,
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC702459AAFEBEFA3E" box="[256,380,1437,1463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-12">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC702459AAFEBEFA3E" box="[256,380,1437,1463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-12">12.IV.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
enclosed adult’
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC736759ABFBC0FA33" bold="true" box="[579,1026,1436,1466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC736759ABFD64FA3E" box="[579,678,1436,1463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC739259ABFCC9FA3E" box="[694,779,1436,1463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC723E59AAFCB9FA3E" box="[794,891,1437,1463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="adult">5 adults</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC72AA59A9FC73FA33" box="[910,945,1438,1466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC72E559A9FC3BFA33" box="[961,1017,1438,1466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="female">4♀♀</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7EDF55CF1EFFCC753759ABFE0AF9CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3987023303" collectingDate="2022-04-12" collectingDateMax="2022-04-27" collectingDateMin="2022-04-12" collectionCode="AE, GUGC" collectorName="Ri-Xin Jiang &amp; Xiu-Dong Huang" country="China" county="Guiyang City" elevation="1060" location="Huaxi Park" municipality="Huaxi District" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
labeled ‘
<collectingCountry id="F3019598CF1EFFCC755659ABFB7CFA3F" box="[1138,1214,1436,1462]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D21BEACF1EFFCC75EF59ABFAECFA3F" box="[1227,1326,1436,1462]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C8AD84CF1EFFCC741859ABFF05FA53" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Guiyang City</collectingCounty>
(aeffi市),
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD4F72CF1EFFCC706659F7FE23FA53" box="[322,481,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Huaxi District</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectionCode id="ED074DCDCF1EFFCC70D559F6FDD8FA51" box="[497,538,1473,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">AE</collectionCode>
Ḿ区),
<location id="8EC983D3CF1EFFCC737859F7FD1EFA53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF641ECF1EFFC871B35854FB0AF8F9:8EC983D3CF1EFFCC737859F7FD1EFA53" box="[604,732,1472,1498]" country="China" county="Guiyang City" municipality="Huaxi District" name="Huaxi Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Guizhou">Huaxi Park</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED074DCDCF1EFFCC73C059F6FCD2FA51" box="[740,784,1473,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">AE</collectionCode>
Ḿ公园),
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC724E59F6FC2BFA52" box="[874,1001,1473,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-12">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC724E59F6FC2BFA52" box="[874,1001,1473,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-12">12.IV.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, H:
<quantity id="4CEE78EDCF1EFFCC753259F7FBAFFA52" box="[1046,1133,1472,1499]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1060.0">
<elevation id="003B323BCF1EFFCC753259F7FBAFFA52" box="[1046,1133,1472,1499]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1060.0">1060 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="26E3B0DECF1EFFCC755C59F7FACAFA53" box="[1144,1288,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Ri-Xin Jiang</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E3B0DECF1EFFCC740F59F7FF20FA76" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Xiu-Dong Huang</collectorName>
leg.’ (
<collectionCode id="ED074DCDCF1EFFCC700E59D2FE42FA76" box="[298,384,1509,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">GUGC</collectionCode>
); additional label of pupa: 1 ex, labeled ‘
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC726E59D3FC09FA77" box="[842,971,1508,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-16">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC726E59D3FC09FA77" box="[842,971,1508,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-16">16.IV.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
pupated’; additional label of adults: 3 ex (
<specimenCount id="9D101E81CF1EFFCC71855A3EFF07F9AA" box="[161,197,1545,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 2ff #), labeled ‘
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC70A35A3EFDCAF9AA" box="[391,520,1545,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-18">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC70A35A3EFDCAF9AA" box="[391,520,1545,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-18">18.IV.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
pupated,
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC735F5A3EFD35F9AA" box="[635,759,1545,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-23">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC735F5A3EFD35F9AA" box="[635,759,1545,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-23">23.IV.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
enclosed adult’; 2 ex (2ff #) labeled ’
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC75965A3EFAF1F9AA" box="[1202,1331,1545,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-20">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC75965A3EFAF1F9AA" box="[1202,1331,1545,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-20">20.IV.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
pupated,
<date id="FFA8F3C8CF1EFFCC71B35A1AFED1F9CE" box="[151,275,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-27">
<collectingDate id="EFEC0A20CF1EFFCC71B35A1AFED1F9CE" box="[151,275,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" value="2022-04-27">27.IV.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
enclosed adult’
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C8683CF1EFFC871E35A67FB0AF8F9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1EFFCC71E35A67FE9EF9E3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1292,2039]" box="[199,348,1616,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC71E35A67FE9EF9E3" bold="true" box="[199,348,1616,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Descriptions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1EFFCC71E35A42FF15F95E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1292,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC71E35A42FE08F907" bold="true" box="[199,458,1652,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Larva (mature stage).</emphasis>
Body (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1EFFCC733F5A43FD99F906" box="[539,603,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[310,1277,813,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-342@2.[310,1277,813,1942]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of mature larva of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408317/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) elongate and nearly parallel-side, light brown both dorsally and ventrally, with antennae, labrum, clypeus, mandibles and urogomphi dark brown. Integument covered with scattered fine setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1EFFCF71E35AD7FD68FC9C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1292,2039]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC71E35AD7FECEF972" bold="true" box="[199,268,1760,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1EFFCC71E35AD7FEC7F972" bold="true" box="[199,261,1760,1787]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1EFFCC703F5AD7FE58F972" box="[283,410,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-101@3.[151,1436,381,1899]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of mature larva of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view; C. Ditto, lateral view; D. Left mandible, dorsal view; E. Right mandible, dorsal view; F. Antenna. Scale bars: 1 mm in A–C, 0.5 mm in D–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408319/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Figs 2A–C</figureCitation>
). Weakly prognathous, posterior edge of head capsule slightly emarginate; widest near basal 1/3 and weakly constricted anterior to occipital foramen, slightly narrower than prothorax; lateral sides rounded. Upper and lower surfaces of head shiny, dorsal surface modified with thin crease at anterior 1/3. Epicranial stem short; frontal arms U-shaped, about 2/3 length of head capsule, apical half sinuous and meeting a pair of dark brown spots; inner part of frontal arms with a pair of medium-length setae at middle. Frons smooth; epicranial plates light brown, surface smooth and modified with thin and shallow crease, and with sparse short and few long erect setae; lateral portion with both short and long erect setae, denser than dorsal part; ventral portion with several long erect setae and sparse short setae. Each side with five stemmata, anterior three located near antennal base. Frontoclypeal suture absent; clypeus dark brown, transverse, surface shiny with thin crease, and three pairs of long erect setae, the setae usually symmetrically distributed but asymmetrically in some specimens, apical margin weakly curved. Labrum (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1DFFCF71DB5CE8FE9AFF70" box="[255,344,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of mature larva of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Labrum, dorsal view; B. ditto, ventral view; C. Ventral mouthparts, dorsal view; D. ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A &amp; B; 0.5 mm in C &amp; D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408321/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) free, transverse, widest at middle; dorsal surface of labrum smooth; disc with three pairs of long erect setae; apical margin rounded protruded at middle, with three short setae, side parts with round margins, covered with several pairs of different length erect setae; lateral margins finely curved; ventral surface with a pair of medial spines; four pairs of sensory papillae symmetrically located (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1DFFCF72AA5D7CFC21FEEC" box="[910,995,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of mature larva of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Labrum, dorsal view; B. ditto, ventral view; C. Ventral mouthparts, dorsal view; D. ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A &amp; B; 0.5 mm in C &amp; D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408321/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) near medial spines; each side of apical margin with three short anterior spines. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1DFFCF739F5D58FCCCFE00" box="[699,782,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-101@3.[151,1436,381,1899]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of mature larva of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view; C. Ditto, lateral view; D. Left mandible, dorsal view; E. Right mandible, dorsal view; F. Antenna. Scale bars: 1 mm in A–C, 0.5 mm in D–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408319/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) 3-segmented; antennomere I shorter than antennomeres II and III, widest, narrower from base to apex; antennomere II and III about same in length; antennomere III with two sensoria, the larger one about half length of antennomere III, palpiform; another one much shorter than antennomere III, conical. Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1DFFCF70865DECFDF2FE7C" box="[418,560,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-101@3.[151,1436,381,1899]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of mature larva of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Head, dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view; C. Ditto, lateral view; D. Left mandible, dorsal view; E. Right mandible, dorsal view; F. Antenna. Scale bars: 1 mm in A–C, 0.5 mm in D–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408319/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Figs 2D &amp; E</figureCitation>
) strong and simple, asymmetrical, broad at base and narrowing to apex; broadbased prostheca strong, anterior part distinctly projecting from left mandible, short and rounded on right mandible. Ventral mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1DFFCF705E5E14FDC8FDB4" box="[378,522,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic features of mature larva of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Labrum, dorsal view; B. ditto, ventral view; C. Ventral mouthparts, dorsal view; D. ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A &amp; B; 0.5 mm in C &amp; D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408321/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Figs 3C &amp; D</figureCitation>
) retracted; cardo transverse, divided by internal ridge; stipes distinctly longer than wide, disc with sparse setae of different lengths; apical and inner sides of mala setose, apical angle with several distinct unci. Maxillary palp 3-segmented, palpomere I longest, covered with several setae of different lengths; palpomere II and III about the same length, palpomere II with several setae near apex, palpomere III without setae and narrowing from base to apex, apically rounded. Submentum nearly trapezoidal, finely narrowed at middle. Mentum trapezoidal, widest at base, disc with a pair of long setae. Prementum nearly triangular, with a pair of long setae on disc, apex rounded; apical sclerome molar-like.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF698580CF1DFFCF71BC5B9AFED2F860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7408317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408317/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" startId="2.[152,255,1965,1989]" targetBox="[310,1277,813,1942]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1DFFCF71BC5B9AFED2F860" blockId="2.[151,1436,1965,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1DFFCF71BC5B9AFEDBF84F" bold="true" box="[152,281,1965,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Habitus of mature larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C16AE8BCF1DFFCF73115B99FCBEF84C" authority="Nikitsky. A." authorityName="Nikitsky. A." box="[565,892,1965,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Synchroidae" genus="Synchroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1DFFCF73115B99FD3BF84F" box="[565,761,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Synchroa chinensis</emphasis>
Nikitsky.
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1DFFCF72475B9AFCBEF84C" bold="true" box="[867,892,1965,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1DFFCF75295B99FBE6F84F" bold="true" box="[1037,1060,1966,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">B.</emphasis>
Lateral view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1DFFCF759D5B9AFB10F84C" bold="true" box="[1209,1234,1965,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">C.</emphasis>
Ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1CFFCE71E35CA1FF39FEEC" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1CFFCE71E35CA1FEE1FF38" bold="true" box="[199,291,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Thorax.</emphasis>
Thoracic tergite transverse, pronotum longer than meso- and metanotum combined, light brown, surface shiny and modified with thin crease, disc with sparse short setae, laterally with long erect setae. Meso- and metanotum with patches of asperities, separated by median line, completely separated on mesonotum and apically confused on metanotum. Presternum well defined, short and near fusiform, basal margin rounded, disc with a pair of erect setae of medium length. Spiracles oval, prothorax and metathorax without spiracles. Coxal cavities widely separate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF698580CF1CFFCE71BC5BB5FEF5F86B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408319" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7408319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408319/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" startId="3.[152,255,1922,1946]" targetBox="[151,1436,381,1899]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1CFFCE71BC5BB5FEF5F86B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1922,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1CFFCE71BC5BB5FEDAF813" bold="true" box="[152,280,1922,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Diagnostic features of mature larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C16AE8BCF1CFFCE73835BB5FC2EF813" authority="Nikitsky. A." authorityName="Nikitsky. A." box="[679,1004,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Synchroidae" genus="Synchroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1CFFCE73835BB5FCA9F813" box="[679,875,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Synchroa chinensis</emphasis>
Nikitsky.
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1CFFCE72F05BB5FC2EF813" bold="true" box="[980,1004,1922,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Head, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1CFFCE759C5BB5FB12F813" bold="true" box="[1208,1232,1922,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">B.</emphasis>
Ditto, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1CFFCE71B35B91FF72F837" bold="true" box="[151,176,1958,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">C.</emphasis>
Ditto, lateral view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1CFFCE70A45B91FE5BF837" bold="true" box="[384,409,1958,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">D.</emphasis>
Left mandible, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1CFFCE73E05B91FD19F837" bold="true" box="[708,731,1958,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">E.</emphasis>
Right mandible, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1CFFCE75305B91FBE5F837" bold="true" box="[1044,1063,1958,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">F.</emphasis>
Antenna. Scale bars: 1 mm in A–C, 0.5 mm in D–F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF698580CF1BFFC971BC5860FB11FB1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7408321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408321/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" startId="4.[152,255,1111,1135]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1BFFC971BC5860FB11FB1A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1111,1172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC971BC5860FED5FBE6" bold="true" box="[152,279,1111,1135]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Diagnostic features of mature larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C16AE8BCF1BFFC973BA5860FC22FBE6" authority="Nikitsky. A." authorityName="Nikitsky. A." box="[670,992,1111,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Synchroidae" genus="Synchroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC973BA5860FCA2FBE6" box="[670,864,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Synchroa chinensis</emphasis>
Nikitsky.
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC972E35860FC22FBE6" bold="true" box="[967,992,1111,1135]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Labrum, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC975E6586FFB1BFBF9" bold="true" box="[1218,1241,1112,1136]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">B.</emphasis>
ditto, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC971B3584CFF72FB1A" bold="true" box="[151,176,1147,1171]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">C.</emphasis>
Ventral mouthparts, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC97323584BFDDDFB1D" bold="true" box="[519,543,1148,1172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">D.</emphasis>
ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A &amp; B; 0.5 mm in C &amp; D.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1BFFC971E358F5FC18FAAD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1217,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC971E358F5FEC7FB55" bold="true" box="[199,261,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Legs.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1BFFC9703058F5FE57FB55" box="[276,405,1218,1244]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1339,1363]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1315]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,181,1315]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Diagnostic features of mature larva of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Proleg, ventral view; B. Mesoleg, ventral view; C. Metaleg, ventral view; D. Abdominal segment 9, dorsal view; E. ditto, lateral view; F. ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A–C; 1 mm in D–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408325/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Figs 4A–C</figureCitation>
). Legs well developed, 5-segmented. Surface covered with dense setae of different lengths; setae on anterior part much shorter on average than on posterior part. Posterior parts of meso- and metacoxa, trochanter and femur covered with dense asperities associated with each seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1BFFC971E3591AFBB8FA3D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1217,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC971E3591AFEFEFAC1" bold="true" box="[199,316,1325,1352]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Abdomen about three times as long as thorax. Tergites I–V covered with patches of asperities, separated by median line and confused near apex in tergites I–IV, not confused in tergite V. Other tergites and all sternites without asperities, covered with sparse setae of medium length. Sternite IX with a pair of small but well developed projections at base. Urogomphi simple, distinctly acute in lateral view, without spiracles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1BFFC971E35989FB19FA75" blockId="4.[151,1437,1217,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC971E35989FEB3FA51" bold="true" box="[199,369,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm; n = 4): HL: 1.81–2.07; HW: 2.85–3.10; PL: 1.97–2.17; PW: 3.06–3.39; MSL: 0.55– 0.67; MSW: 3.01–3.30; MTL: 0.91–1.08; MTW: 2.90–3.10; AT9L: 1.59–1.90; AT9W: 1.78–2.11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1BFFC971E35A31FE90F9E1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1217,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC971E35A31FDE9F996" bold="true" box="[199,555,1541,1568]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Pupa (midterm development).</emphasis>
Body (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1BFFC9735F5A31FD35F9A9" box="[635,759,1541,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus of pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Figs 5A–C</figureCitation>
) mainly creamy-yellowish, dark brown at apices of mandible and urogomphi; eye, antenna and apical half of elytra brown. Dorsum slightly convex, sides subparallel to segment VII of abdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1BFFC971E35A46FE26F8C9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1217,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC971E35A46FECEF905" bold="true" box="[199,268,1649,1676]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Head.</emphasis>
Head hypognathous (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1BFFC9732D5A45FD48F905" box="[521,650,1649,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus of pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Figs 5A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1BFFC973BC5A46FD79F902" box="[664,699,1649,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,1187,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-59@6.[308,1279,1187,1940]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Diagnostic features of pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Abdominal segments III–VI, lateral view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Modification of abdominal segment IV. Scale bars: 2 mm in A &amp; B; 1 mm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">6B</figureCitation>
), hidden from dorsal view. Dorsal surface smooth and modified with transverse crease and sparse granules, bearing setae of different lengths. Frons and vertex covered with sparse granules bearing long erect setae, setae on other parts much shorter. Apical margin of clypeus straight, surface with 9 granules bearing short setae. Labrum nearly trapezoidal, with apical margin straight, surface covered with dense short and thin setae. Each eye large, oval, brown. Antenna long and thick, antennomeres II–XI apically circled with small granules, without setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1BFFC971E35B7EFD28F87D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1217,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1BFFC971E35B7EFEE1F8ED" bold="true" box="[199,291,1865,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Thorax.</emphasis>
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1BFFC970945B7DFDF0F8ED" box="[432,562,1865,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus of pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Figs 5A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1BFFC973665B7EFDA1F8EA" box="[578,611,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,1187,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-59@6.[308,1279,1187,1940]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Diagnostic features of pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Abdominal segments III–VI, lateral view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Modification of abdominal segment IV. Scale bars: 2 mm in A &amp; B; 1 mm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">6B</figureCitation>
) transverse, surface smooth, disc modified with transverse crease, and sparse granules bearing short setae. Anterior margin straight, lateral margins strongly curved, all of them with dense granules bearing long setae. Posterior margin parabolic, without granules or setae. Anterior angles rounded, posterior angles acute. Mesonotum and metanotum narrower than pronotum, without modification, surface smooth, apical half of elytra darker than other parts of thorax.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF698580CF1AFFC871BC590CFE0CFA13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7408325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408325/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" startId="5.[152,255,1339,1363]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1315]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1AFFC871BC590CFE0CFA13" blockId="5.[151,1437,1339,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC871BC590CFEDBFADA" bold="true" box="[152,281,1339,1363]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Diagnostic features of mature larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C16AE8BCF1AFFC8738E590CFC33FADA" authority="Nikitsky. A." authorityName="Nikitsky. A." box="[682,1009,1339,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Synchroidae" genus="Synchroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC8738E590CFCACFADA" box="[682,878,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Synchroa chinensis</emphasis>
Nikitsky.
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC872FC590CFC33FADA" bold="true" box="[984,1009,1339,1363]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Proleg, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC875F7590CFB28FADA" bold="true" box="[1235,1258,1339,1363]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">B.</emphasis>
Mesoleg, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC871F25968FF2DFAFE" bold="true" box="[214,239,1375,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">C.</emphasis>
Metaleg, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC870C55968FE38FAFE" bold="true" box="[481,506,1375,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">D.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment 9, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC872545968FC45FAFE" bold="true" box="[880,903,1375,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">E.</emphasis>
ditto, lateral view;
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC8756A5968FBA3FAFE" bold="true" box="[1102,1121,1375,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">F.</emphasis>
ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A–C; 1 mm in D–F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1AFFC871E359FEFAFFF981" blockId="5.[151,1437,1481,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC871E359FEFEC7FA6A" bold="true" box="[199,261,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Legs.</emphasis>
Legs (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1AFFC8707459FEFE65FA6D" box="[336,423,1481,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus of pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408327/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) simple, surface smooth; apex of femora with a row of small granules bearing long setae in ventral surface; apex of tibiae with a distinct spine, meso- and metatarsus obviously longer than protarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9D508CF1AFFC871E35A27FB0AF8F9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1481,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B962091ACF1AFFC871E35A27FEFEF9A2" bold="true" box="[199,316,1552,1579]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Abdominal spiracles round. Discs of tergites I–V with dense small granules bearing short setae (
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1AFFC8744B5A26FF78F9D9" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[315,1272,181,1078]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus of pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408327/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC98DCF1AFFC871E35A02FEE0F9C6" box="[199,290,1589,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,1187,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-59@6.[308,1279,1187,1940]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Diagnostic features of pupa of Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky. A. Abdominal segments III–VI, lateral view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Modification of abdominal segment IV. Scale bars: 2 mm in A &amp; B; 1 mm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7408329/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">6A &amp; C</figureCitation>
), granules and setae of tergite VI sparser than tergites I–V. Lateral margins of tergite I with two short projections each bearing a short seta; lateral margins of tergite II–V with three curved projections, the basal one without seta, the other two projections bearing a long seta; lateral margin of tergite VI with four curved projections, the first basal one is obviously shorter than others, basal two projections without setae, other two bearing a long seta; lateral margins of tergites VII &amp; VIII with two curved projections each bearing a long seta; apical margins of tergites VII &amp; VIII rounded; tergite IX posteriorly rounded with a pair of apically sclerotized urogomphi, each with three short projections bearing long setae, lateral margins with dense short projections bearing long setae. Sternites III–VI with three pairs of small projections located near apical margin, each bearing a long seta. Sternites VII and VIII with round apex, apical margin with two pairs of small projection each bearing a long seta.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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