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<document id="9E2EAC8E6340818C4E9CF101B91C3BA4" ID-CLB-Dataset="20711" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5099.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69f07912-2097-47e6-bc57-dfb7c4d8e70e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036691" ID-ZooBank="934C6AE1-7C92-4889-8DEC-F3C31C8A060F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1644487360350" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs, Bayliss, Julian &amp; Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2022" docId="03BDF23BCB4F0E4BEBAA1F4BFC70FEC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5099.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5099 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Iolaus njombe Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FF848A43CB490E43EB3D1911FF9FFFA5" masterDocTitle="Description of four IolausHübner, 1819 species in the subgenus PhiliolausStempffer &amp; Bennett, 1958 from East Africa, assigned to the proposed I. maritimus species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1699308147107" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="581444744ED0092F14BEBF0140486484" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D3828248357578B5E672EE0C7C1B4FC7">
<mods:title id="8B5E6FAD8E65D106FA71585BC96D8544">Description of four IolausHübner, 1819 species in the subgenus PhiliolausStempffer &amp; Bennett, 1958 from East Africa, assigned to the proposed I. maritimus species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="89518FA95806FD577C989E53BEB1A44B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C4C560E63EA12D6410207860EA8915EF">
<mods:roleTerm id="C7BF21B0C9B2769F5483A8F287FDAFAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="67C9F3BEBCF319029D78345DD48783B7">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="277E6739AA61EF63F89AC17E485EBB82" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0614-4203</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="237345814AE3E67C8DAEAB7ACDC7A045">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya. &amp; Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky út 4. H 9400 Sopron, Hungary. Corresponding author. szsafian @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0614 - 4203</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="43772D9B9353D10F60965A03383FE488" type="email">szsafian@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C77C355BA40792CF7E69EADCA8CFD902" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2D9C4BA4A11E66FCA93E149D40E6765D">
<mods:roleTerm id="DD0A89593A3BFAD0A8976FE981790C8F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F7DEF7DE28612F3F7E8F019BF84CF7FB">Bayliss, Julian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="34189538311F9894E424F59569AAF374" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1480-294X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A24187324E483DF19946F73D78EC7DDD">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya. &amp; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX 3 0 BP, United Kingdom. jlbayliss @ yahoo. co. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1480 - 294 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D67F801571D6ADCD479279CBEE8B5103" type="email">jlbayliss@yahoo.co.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FF1950D9FDC937E0F0CB90021EA916DE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="11A585E4700B001E247FA7E79F48616D">
<mods:roleTerm id="5E6FB4A6F2B2A9BE82819C9171A368C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="87CFD1C579398C5E6201153FFE4F3A0C">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="117D809AD36DC0C2CF801628C824D189">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7A15CE27A73AD5D075F0FCCC861810E4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="175D32DA9292A9B571A8DEB26881A253" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BC0007BFCF14B6567E1166DBAA6DA054">
<mods:title id="83D1D4EE91381B826923DB5D3408491F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="01C4005A0512D48B3A26E9D8FF381BFB">
<mods:date id="71356D593B0CD229034436D523EF7E20">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7A268E788F1624DDE7DF712CEDD66BD2" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8E924481152CFF337BC9D809214BC9D7">2022-02-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E4FEA6C35E3D1A9541B3B72FA1EAA27F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9AD779F478C6F494B98B5A870101F8D8">5099</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9763AC5A68BA6DD521995F2C16B8E3CF" type="issue">
<mods:number id="5E34A6F6727A8F05C786156BACC65247">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="F29C8B667F7D24C9EB4AFDE6C21FA60B">46</mods:start>
<mods:end id="71E9EDA5671E84490CA093BBF96CCBF1">64</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="6C640200218DFDF279D27250306387AD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E6E64DFD8182CF3AEC40E2F89F5C31AA" type="CLB-Dataset">20711</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3414B8E382939B15CBBD3ADB9EC04AF7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5099.1.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="54FC854609D3F5D44BA6FE1E846CCE48" type="GBIF-Dataset">69f07912-2097-47e6-bc57-dfb7c4d8e70e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A2496B7DA1224F69F1EA4CCDA34D973A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1D5FB01DD3321DA65971CC50224DF233" type="Zenodo-Dep">6036691</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AECE9ABBBEA2F36F0B7A1D561414A653" type="ZooBank">934C6AE1-7C92-4889-8DEC-F3C31C8A060F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03BDF23BCB4F0E4BEBAA1F4BFC70FEC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6309102" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6309102" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB4F0E4BEBAA1F4BFC70FEC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDF23BCB4F0E4BEBAA1F4BFC70FEC0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4F0E45EBAA1F4BFDB5F93C" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E45EBAA1F4BFD9EF9D0" blockId="6.[151,554,1626,1689]" box="[151,513,1626,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="D0E3F441CB4F0E45EBAA1F4BFD9EF9D0" bold="true" box="[151,513,1626,1653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBAA1F4BFD9EF9D0" bold="true" box="[151,513,1626,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EBAA1F4BFEDAF9D0" authority="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon, 2022" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,325,1626,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBAA1F4BFEDAF9D0" bold="true" box="[151,325,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Iolaus njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2532244CB4F0E45EA711F4AFE35F9D0" box="[332,426,1627,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Sáfián
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E45EBAA1F6EFDB5F93C" blockId="6.[151,554,1626,1689]" box="[151,554,1662,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">FIGS.: 2G, J; 3G, J; 4D; 5D; 8C, 10</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4F0E45EBAA1FD6FCD6F8D4" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E45EBAA1FD6FD60F8A0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1735,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB4F0E45EBAA1FD6FD60F8A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449312" collectionCode="ABRI" collectorName=" S. C. Collins" country="Tanzania" elevation="1829" location="Njombe" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="SAFI00367" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Njombe" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBAA1FD6FE92F944" bold="true" box="[151,269,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB4F0E45EBAA1FD6FE97F944" box="[151,264,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1288A4CB4F0E45EA291FD6FEB6F944" box="[276,297,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB4F0E45EA121FD6FE5FF944" box="[303,448,1735,1761]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D08DCFCB4F0E45EAF61FD6FDB7F944" box="[459,552,1735,1761]" country="Tanzania" name="Njombe" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Njombe</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4F0E45E90E1FD6FD28F944" box="[563,695,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">S. Tanzania</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4F0E45E9FF1FD6FC86F944" box="[706,793,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="ft" value="6000.0">
<elevation id="0039A41ECB4F0E45E9FF1FD6FC86F944" box="[706,793,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="ft" value="6000.0">6000 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
4.1993.
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4F0E45E8471FD6FB9EF944" box="[890,1025,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">S.C. Collins</collectorName>
bred.
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4F0E45EF7A1FD6FBE2F944" box="[1095,1149,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Gen.</collectorName>
prep.:
<specimenCode id="DBB2EB56CB4F0E45EFF61FD6FACEF944" box="[1227,1361,1735,1761]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">SAFI00367</specimenCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4F0E45EE641FD6FA03F944" box="[1369,1436,1735,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">ABRI</collectionCode>
unique number: ABRI-2019-3069.
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4F0E45E91C1FFAFD0CF8A0" box="[545,659,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Deposited</collectorName>
in
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4F0E45E9891FFAFD64F8A0" box="[692,763,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">ABRI</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E45EBFA1E1EFCD6F8D4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1735,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB4F0E45EBFA1E1EFF45F8E8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449309" collectionCode="ABRI" collectorName="S. C. Collins &amp; Gen." country="Tanzania" elevation="1829" location="Njombe" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="SAFI00366" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Njombe" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBFA1E1EFED7F88C" bold="true" box="[199,328,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB4F0E45EBFA1E1EFEDCF88C" box="[199,323,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1288A4CB4F0E45EA721E1EFEEDF88C" box="[335,370,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB4F0E45EA451E1EFD96F88C" box="[376,521,1807,1833]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D08DCFCB4F0E45E9291E1EFDEEF88C" box="[532,625,1807,1833]" country="Tanzania" name="Njombe" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Njombe</collectingRegion>
, S. Tanzania,
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4F0E45E8371E1EFCFEF88C" box="[778,865,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="ft" value="6000.0">
<elevation id="0039A41ECB4F0E45E8371E1EFCFEF88C" box="[778,865,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="ft" value="6000.0">6000 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
4.1993.
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4F0E45E8FF1E1EFBD5F88C" box="[962,1098,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">S.C. Collins</collectorName>
bred.
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4F0E45EFB21E1EFB59F88C" box="[1167,1222,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Gen.</collectorName>
prep.:
<specimenCode id="DBB2EB56CB4F0E45EE2E1E1EFA07F88C" box="[1299,1432,1807,1833]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">SAFI00366</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4F0E45EBAA1E22FF45F8E8" box="[151,218,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">ABRI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
unique number: ABRI-2019-3068.
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB4F0E45E9571E22FB1AF8E8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449307" box="[618,1157,1843,1869]" collectingDate="2013-03" collectionCode="ABRI, MH, PW" country="Tanzania" location="Milo" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D1288A4CB4F0E45E9571E22FD12F8E8" box="[618,653,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB4F0E45E9AE1E22FCBBF8E8" box="[659,804,1843,1869]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8ECB15F6CB4F0E45E8121E22FCF7F8E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB4F0E4BEBAA1F4BFC70FEC0:8ECB15F6CB4F0E45E8121E22FCF7F8E8" box="[815,872,1843,1869]" country="Tanzania" name="Milo" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Milo</location>
,
<date id="FFAA65EDCB4F0E45E8491E22FC4DF8E8" box="[884,978,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" value="2013-03">
<collectingDate id="EFEE9C05CB4F0E45E8491E22FC4DF8E8" box="[884,978,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" value="2013-03">III.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4F0E45E8E61E22FB81F8E8" box="[987,1054,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">ABRI</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4F0E45EF181E22FBCDF8E8" box="[1061,1106,1843,1869]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">MH</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4F0E45EF671E22FB1AF8E8" box="[1114,1157,1843,1869]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">PW</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB4F0E45EFB21E22FF45F8D4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449315" collectionCode="ABRI" country="Tanzania" location="Gen." pageId="6" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="SAFI00368" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8ECB15F6CB4F0E45EFB21E22FB5AF8E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB4F0E4BEBAA1F4BFC70FEC0:8ECB15F6CB4F0E45EFB21E22FB5AF8E8" box="[1167,1221,1843,1869]" country="Tanzania" name="Gen." pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Gen.</location>
prep.:
<specimenCode id="DBB2EB56CB4F0E45EE2F1E22FA06F8E8" box="[1298,1433,1843,1869]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">SAFI00368</specimenCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4F0E45EBAA1E46FF45F8D4" box="[151,218,1879,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">ABRI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB4F0E45EBDC1E46FCDAF8D4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449310" box="[225,837,1879,1905]" collectionCode="ABRI" collectorName="Deposited" country="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
unique number: ABRI-2019-3070.
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4F0E45E9561E46FD42F8D4" box="[619,733,1879,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Deposited</collectorName>
in
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4F0E45E9C31E46FCDAF8D4" box="[766,837,1879,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">ABRI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4F0E44EBFA1E6BFF44F93C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E44EBFA1E6BFDB1FCF8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1735,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBFA1E6BFE22F830" bold="true" box="[199,445,1914,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Description of male.</emphasis>
Forewing length:
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4F0E45E9AE1E6AFD63F830" box="[659,764,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="19.3">19.3 mm</quantity>
. Wingspan:
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4F0E45E8B61E6BFC40F830" box="[907,991,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
. General appearance as males of other species in the subgenera
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EA971E8EFD88F81C" box="[426,535,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Argiolaus</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45E9711E8EFD20F81C" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[588,703,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E9711E8EFD20F81C" box="[588,703,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Philiolaus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with black ground colour overlaid by extensive iridescent blue on upperside, and dirty white underside with black and orange submarginal lines, two tails at the tip of veins 1 and 2 and a small kick at the tip of vein 3 on the hindwing. Upperside blue colour of royal blue tone with no greenish or silverish tinge. Slightly less than basal half of forewing covered with blue, except along costa, where black extends to base, leaving a broad,
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4E0E44EA9319CEFE70FF5C" box="[430,495,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
black costal margin. Black outer margin very broad, over
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4E0E44EF4719CEFB24FF5C" box="[1146,1211,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
at tornus. The outer edge of blue area evenly rounded, except in space 3 where edge of blue patch slightly lobed. Majority of hindwing covered with blue, except dark grey-black space 1a, along black costa, and the broad black margin between apex and tornus. Black margin almost evenly broad,
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with slight blue scaling in spaces 1b, 2 and 3. Androconia cover most of cell and upper part of wing to black costa, dark greasy grey-black with black, well-defined oval heart. Tornal lobe dark claret-red, speckled with few blue scales, with black margin. Underside dirty white, with creamy tinge along forewing costa and very faint grey dusting along forewing and hindwing margin. Forewing with bright, slightly curving orange-red submarginal line between veins 2 and 8. Black, faint, 1 mm-long cell-closing streak also present. Forewing androconial hair tuft beige. On hindwing, prominent, orange-red inner submarginal line keeps strongly away from outer margin, reaching costa
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4E0E44E9871B33FD64FD98" box="[698,763,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
from apex. Outer submarginal line absent. Tornal spot at the end of space 1a largely black, edged with claret-red and silvery-blue ring inwardly. That in space 2 claret-red, with silvery-blue ring, connected to tornal end of orange submarginal line. Tails black with white edge. Fringes short along outer margin of forewing, black on upperside, longer, grey along inner margin. Fringes black on hindwing outer margin, replaced by longer whitish hairs along inner margin. Fringes grey on forewing underside, white on hindwing. Head, thorax and abdomen black with greyish hairs on upperside, covered by white hairs on thorax underneath, abdomen with yellowish overlay. Palpi black on top, white below, twice as long as diameter of eyes. Eyes bald, black. Antennae black, speckled with tiny white dots underneath, only slightly thickened towards apex, their length shorter than half of forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4E0E44EBFA1A76FE18FBB4" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EBFA1A76FEE6FC25" bold="true" box="[199,377,870,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
General morphology like those of other species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44E8DB1A76FBEFFC25" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[998,1136,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44E8DB1A76FBEFFC25" box="[998,1136,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. maritimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group as described above. Valvae moderately broad, oblong, ending in short acute tip, the lower edge of tip is rather strongly serrated. Cingulum well developed, tongue-like or triangular, the terminal cornutus on aedeagus strong, straight or curving gently downward, the inner one narrow, with serrated lower edge, curving slightly upwards. Third cornutus short, protruding laterally from tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4E0E44EBFA1D0BFF4AFA38" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EBFA1D0BFE52FB91" bold="true" box="[199,461,1050,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Description of female.</emphasis>
Forewing length:
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4E0E44E9A71D0AFC9FFB90" box="[666,768,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="21.2">21.2 mm</quantity>
. Wingspan:
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4E0E44E8B41D0AFC44FB90" box="[905,987,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
. General appearance as females of other species in the subgenera
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EA8E1D2EFDBFFBFC" box="[435,544,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Argiolaus</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44E9641D2EFD53FBFC" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[601,716,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44E9641D2EFD53FBFC" box="[601,716,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Philiolaus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with black ground colour overlaid by blue and orange spotting along outer margin on hindwing in spaces 1a, 2 and 3. Underside dirty white with black and/or orange-red submarginal lines and two tails at the tip of veins 1 and 2 and a small kick at the tip of vein 3 on hindwing. Blue colour of light whitish sky-blue tone, slightly darker towards the bases and with a whitish area in the apical corner of the blue patch on forewing. Less than half of forewing covered with blue basally, costa broadly black to base. Outer edge of blue area evenly rounded. Basal half of hindwing covered with blue, between vein 1 and 7, grey between vein 7 and costa, except light blue base. Black submarginal line formed by prominent lunules in spaces 1b, 2, 3 and 4. Tornal lobe claret red, speckled with blue scales, with black margin, not conjoint with fused bright orange spotting in spaces 1b, 2 and 3. Tails black, edged with white. Underside colour and pattern and body identical to those of male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4E0E44EBFA1CB6FB52F988" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EBFA1CB6FE0BFA65" bold="true" box="[199,404,1446,1473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Papillae analis small (&lt;
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4E0E44E9961CB6FD71FA64" box="[683,750,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), weakly sclerotized, almost flat. with dense hair, apophyses straight, shorter than
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4E0E44EABB1CDAFE55FA40" box="[390,458,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
. Lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized, its terminal end bilobed, anteriorly, ending in strongly sclerotized mouth of ductus. Mouth of ductus broad, sclerotized almost all the way to bursa, narrows down strongly before the mouth of bursa. Bursa copulatrix completely membranous, fig shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4E0E44EBFA1F27FF44F93C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EBFA1F27FEA0F9F5" bold="true" box="[199,319,1590,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Variation.</emphasis>
The male
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB4E0E44EA8B1F26FD89F9F4" box="[438,534,1591,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
has a small round claret-red spot in the hindwing black margin in space 1b. Red spotting appears variably in the hindwing subtornal area in various species in the subgenera
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EF8B1F4AFABCF9D0" box="[1206,1315,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Argiolaus</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44EE611F4AFF4BF93C" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EE611F4AFF4BF93C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Philiolaus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4E0E44EBFA1FB3FD5FF8E8" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4E0E44EBFA1FB3FD5FF8E8" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EBFA1FB3FE4FF919" bold="true" box="[199,464,1698,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44EAE41FB2FDDAF918" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[473,581,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EAE41FB2FDDAF918" box="[473,581,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44E9DD1FB2FCF4F919" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[736,875,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44E9DD1FB2FCF4F919" box="[736,875,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. maritimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44E8461FB2FC71F918" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[891,1006,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44E8461FB2FC71F918" box="[891,1006,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44EF151FB2FB0BF918" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1064,1172,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EF151FB2FB0BF918" box="[1064,1172,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. collinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the presence of a small, black cell-closing streak on the forewing underside, present in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4E0E44EF241FD6FBEDF944" box="[1049,1138,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,201,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1426,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Males: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (holotype) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (holotype) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (holotype) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (holotype) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036699/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Figs. 2J</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4E0E44EF401FD6FB05F947" box="[1149,1178,1735,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,191,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[151,1436,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Females: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (paratype, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (paratype, Mozambique, Mount Namuli) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (paratype, Tanzania, Njombe) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036724/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">6J</figureCitation>
). This feature is typical in
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44EB891FFAFEB9F8A1" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[180,294,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EB891FFAFEB9F8A1" box="[180,294,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. stewarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4E0E44EA0B1FFAFE25F8A0" box="[310,442,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,201,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1426,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Males: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (holotype) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (holotype) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (holotype) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (holotype) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036699/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Figs. 2K, L</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4E0E44EAFB1FFAFD93F8A0" box="[454,524,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,191,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[151,1436,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Females: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (paratype, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (paratype, Mozambique, Mount Namuli) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (paratype, Tanzania, Njombe) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036724/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">6K, L</figureCitation>
). However, the male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44E8BC1FFAFC74F8A0" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[897,1003,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44E8BC1FFAFC74F8A0" box="[897,1003,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from that species and the newly described
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44EA371E1EFEE8F88C" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[266,375,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EA371E1EFEE8F88C" box="[266,375,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. bundali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the presence of a well-developed process on the vinculum and the acute tip of valva with strong serration on its lower edge (
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4E0E44E9201E22FD1EF8E8" box="[541,641,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,191,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00375) lateral view—A, aedeagus— D; I. uluguru (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00369) lateral view—B, aedeagus—E; I. collinsi (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00359) lateral view—C, aedeagus—F; I. njombe (Tanzania, Njombe, Gen.prep.: SAFI00366) laterial view—G, aedeagus—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00210) lateral view—H, aedeagus—K; I. bundali (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00212) lateral view—I, aedeagus—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036703/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Figs. 3G</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4E0E44E9B01E22FD2CF8E8" box="[653,691,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,411,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[166,1422,381,1913]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male genitalia (posterior view): I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00375)—A; I. uluguru (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00369)—B; I. collinsi (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00359)—C; I. njombe (Tanzania, Njombe)— D; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00210)—E; I. bundali (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00212)—F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4E0E44EBFA1E47FC40F830" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4E0E44EBFA1E47FC40F830" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EBFA1E47FE27F8D5" bold="true" box="[199,440,1878,1905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Biology and habitat.</emphasis>
The biology of
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44E9571E46FD4CF8D4" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[618,723,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44E9571E46FD4CF8D4" box="[618,723,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown, the larval foodplant is almost certainly a species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44EBAA1E6AFEB1F830" box="[151,302,1915,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Loranthaceae</taxonomicName>
in the Taxilloid group. Its habitat is probably montane forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4E0E44EBFA1E8EFE1EF878" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4E0E44EBFA1E8EFE1EF878" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EBFA1E8EFED1F81C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1951,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after
<collectingRegion id="49D08DCFCB4E0E44E9AC1E8EFD74F81C" box="[657,747,1951,1977]" country="Tanzania" name="Njombe" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Njombe</collectingRegion>
town in the Kipengere Range in western
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB4E0E44EFF11E8EFAABF81C" box="[1228,1332,1951,1977]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, the
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB4E0E44EE511E8EFA03F81C" box="[1388,1436,1951,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4E0E44EA2D1ED2FEE5F878" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[272,378,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4E0E44EA2D1ED2FEE5F878" box="[272,378,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB410E4BEBFA1987FC70FEC0" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB410E4BEBFA1987FC70FEC0" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB410E4BEBFA1987FED3FF15" bold="true" box="[199,332,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB410E4BEA681986FE5EFF14" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[341,449,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB410E4BEA681986FE5EFF14" box="[341,449,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from two localities on the Kipengere Range in southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB410E4BEE0C1986FA06FF14" box="[1329,1433,151,177]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, east of the northern corner of Lake
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB410E4BE90019AAFD09FF70" box="[573,662,187,213]" name="Malawi" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Malawi</collectingCountry>
. This mountainous area is part of the East African Rift ecosystem (also referred to as Tanzanian Southern Highlands), which is home of numerous endemic butterflies, including at least four described
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB410E4BEA431812FD82FEB8" box="[382,541,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB410E4BEA431812FE5BFEB8" box="[382,452,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Iolaus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB410E4BE9101812FD2AFEB8" author="Heath, A." box="[557,693,258,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" pagination="257 - 266" refId="ref10554" refString="Heath, A. (1985) Revision of three Iolaus subgenera and descriptions of two new species Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) from Zambia. Arnoldia Zimbabwe, 9 (18), 257 - 266." type="journal article" year="1985">Heath 1985</bibRefCitation>
, https://programs.wcs.org/portals/49/media/file/Butterflies.pdf).
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB410E4BEEB11812FF76FEE4" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB410E4BEEB11812FF76FEE4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could easily prove endemic to the Kipengere Range, or the eastern escarpments of the Lake
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB410E4BEE311836FAFDFEE4" box="[1292,1378,295,321]" name="Malawi" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Malawi</collectingCountry>
Rift, but examination of further material is required to understand its distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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