283 lines
37 KiB
XML
283 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="FA0FE65F70F6BC0B909DE1FAB26ACA8A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2059.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321434" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629617829010" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kitazato, Hiroshi, Uematsui, Katsuyuki, Todo, Yuko & Gooday, Andrew J." docDate="2009" docId="03BD2D124F5AFFE4FF47D2336651FF00" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02059p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2059 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2059.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leptohalysis kaikoi Kitazato, Uematsui, Todo & Gooday, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FF84556A4F5BFFE1FFD0D5156237FFFF" masterDocTitle="New species of Leptohalysis (Rhizaria, Foraminifera) from an extreme hadal site in the western Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1699083999114" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="928321870B5406EBB9F5C35DB1A538DF">New species of Leptohalysis (Rhizaria, Foraminifera) from an extreme hadal site in the western Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6C9C0F9D4DF9757DBB26BC7C4B88D2DE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C500FF3458E9A49CA4E9FC86647015BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A5F57D3FE5213A95E435AEE87C0DD95A">Kitazato, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DA732E0911929C1F7CE283C134FA63C3">Institute for Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE 4), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2 - 15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237 - 0061, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E6A6AC87012254FC9F0B634E9B9DC91A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DD1C346174CB83D0F342CEDA60725D5D">Uematsui, Katsuyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="786754F5E91150CE20C3B34D993ABD3C">Marine Technology Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2 - 15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237 - 0061, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B7C388233B32DDC0DC7DF464628AC07F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5D9D2899712C29FA96F542DB28CE6F42">Todo, Yuko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5B8BAE816C3566A9DD70260256F2DE7A">Institute for Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE 4), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2 - 15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237 - 0061, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="47E5334CAFD0FE6FF07E601637AFBEB9">Gooday, Andrew J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BCBD0D64415D2FE9801573E3CC88EA80">National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Empress Dock, European Way, Southampton SO 14 3 ZH, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4BFD2B927BEB6AF6A76711BB99DEEF18">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0C52891CCDDA2573A481B7785F2ECE4C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="70C68D30905C082D930AF6DBCAD953BD">
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<mods:date id="1663A9C088846EA13A0E63CC10A5C0CB">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AB79CB4A18472CD2848F8803394BEE56">2009-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="94E3FCA2B1E9EDCC37649886E6406088">2059</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3777020EF29384008FFDCEE5379ADECE">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2059.1.2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="23D0A1291C373DBED76DB30FEFB0A34E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="58616FD4A1E6452F180EA55E6A857233" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2059.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9F094BB81EDD17525387D587F153B1A7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BD2D124F5AFFE4FF47D2336651FF00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2D124F5AFFE4FF47D2336651FF00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD2D124F5AFFE4FF47D2336651FF00" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C30ECF8F4F5AFFE0FF47D23363D2F8BF" box="[151,485,1830,1856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5AFFE0FF47D23363D2F8BF" blockId="1.[151,485,1830,1891]" box="[151,485,1830,1856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D0E32B684F5AFFE0FF47D23363D2F8BF" bold="true" box="[151,485,1830,1856]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F5AFFE0FF47D23363D2F8BF" bold="true" box="[151,485,1830,1856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5AFFE0FF47D23363B7F8BF" ID-CoL="6PGLP" authorityName="Kitazato, Uematsui, Todo & Gooday" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,384,1830,1856]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="kaikoi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F5AFFE0FF47D23363B7F8BF" bold="true" box="[151,384,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Leptohalysis kaikoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FD6D4F5AFFE0FE58D23363D2F8BF" box="[392,485,1830,1856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30ECF8F4F5AFFE0FF47D25C63C0F832" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5AFFE0FF47D25C62CBF89C" blockId="1.[151,485,1830,1891]" box="[151,252,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<figureCitation id="132F80814F5AFFE0FF47D25C62CBF89C" box="[151,252,1865,1891]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,257,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox-0="[179,1415,467,1937]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1411,208,1556]" captionTargetId-0="figure-140@2.[171,1415,467,1937]" captionTargetId-1="figure-146@3.[175,1411,194,1560]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1: Leptohalysis kaikoi sp. nov., photographs taken using transmitted light. A: Holotype, reg. no. MPC-02690. B–G: Paratypes, reg. nos MPC-02691-02696. H–P: Additional unregistered specimens. Scale bars = 50 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2: Leptohalysis kaikoi sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A: Complete specimen. B; Proximal end showing organic-walled proloculus. C: Central part of test showing grains with flat exposed surfaces. D: Aperture. E: Patches of organic cement on grain surfaces. F–G: Outer surface showing agglutinated grains embedded in copious amounts of organic cement." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321438" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321440" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5321438/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5321440/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5AFFE0FF47D2826051F852" blockId="1.[151,614,1942,1998]" box="[151,614,1942,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5AFFE0FF47D282636FF852" box="[151,344,1942,1966]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F5AFFE0FF47D2826329F851" box="[151,286,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Leptohalysis</emphasis>
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sp. 3
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5AFFE0FEB4D28363EEF852" author="Todo" box="[356,473,1942,1965]" firstAuthor="Todo" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" refId="ref4941" refString="Todo, Y. (2003) Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal fauna that dwell at abyssal depths in the Pacific Ocean. Unpublished dissertation, Institute of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, 27 pp, 18 pls (in Japanese)." type="book" year="2003">Todo 2003</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 14, fig. 7
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5AFFE0FF47D2A263C0F832" blockId="1.[151,614,1942,1998]" box="[151,503,1974,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5AFFE0FF47D2A26374F832" box="[151,323,1974,1998]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F5AFFE0FF47D2A26329F831" box="[151,286,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Leptohalysis</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5AFFE0FE99D2A363C0F832" author="Todo" box="[329,503,1974,1998]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Todo" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" pagination="689" refId="ref4982" refString="Todo, Y., Kitazato, H., Hashimoto, J. & Gooday, A. J. (2005) Simple foraminifera flourish at the ocean's deepest point. Science, 307, 689." type="journal article" year="2005">
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Todo
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<emphasis id="B96040164F5AFFE0FE56D2A2638BF831" box="[390,444,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
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2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30ECF8F4F59FFE3FF47D5826009FEB3" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F59FFE3FF47D5826009FEB3" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F59FFE3FF47D5826338FF4E" bold="true" box="[151,271,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Species assigned
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<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F59FFE3FE3AD58D6049FF4E" authorityName="Loeblich and Tappan" authorityYear="1984" box="[490,638,152,177]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F59FFE3FE3AD58D6049FF4E" box="[490,638,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Leptohalysis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with minute test (<130 µm long, ~20 µm wide), comprising more or less linear series of chambers, increasing slightly but regularly in size to give elongate, gently tapered form. Chambers globular, abutting with only slight overlap. Wall finely agglutinated, mainly comprising grains with flat exposed faces that abut to create outer surface resembling uneven pavement; edges of grains obscured by copious amounts of organic cement.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30ECF8F4F59FFE2FF16D44D63E7F870" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F59FFE3FF16D44D63ACFE65" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F59FFE3FF16D44D63B7FE8D" bold="true" box="[198,384,344,370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<typeStatus id="54AF22A64F59FFE3FF16D44D6334FE8D" box="[198,259,344,370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality:
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</emphasis>
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The Challenger Deep (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE20FAC34F59FFE3FD76D44C616FFE8C" box="[678,856,345,371]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="20.093" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="11.334884">11º 20.093’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE20FAC34F59FFE3FCB9D44C6612FE8C" box="[873,1061,345,371]" degrees="142" direction="east" minutes="11.803" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="142.19672">142º 11.803’ E</geoCoordinate>
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; depth of
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<quantity id="4CEC31E14F59FFE3FB79D44C6717FE8C" box="[1193,1312,345,371]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0896" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="10896.0">10,896 m</quantity>
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), Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6BCC8C4F59FFE3FF47D2BE6721F81A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321438/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" startId="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" targetBox="[179,1415,467,1937]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F59FFE3FF47D2BE6721F81A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1963,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F59FFE3FF47D2BE632BF83C" bold="true" box="[151,284,1963,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 1:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F59FFE3FEF3D2BE63C5F83D" authorityName="Kitazato, Uematsui, Todo & Gooday" authorityYear="2009" box="[291,498,1963,1986]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="kaikoi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F59FFE3FEF3D2BE63C5F83D" box="[291,498,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Leptohalysis kaikoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B96040164F59FFE3FE29D2BE6078F83C" bold="true" box="[505,591,1963,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FD6D4F59FFE3FE29D2BE6078F83C" box="[505,591,1963,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
, photographs taken using transmitted light. A: Holotype, reg. no. MPC-02690. B–G: Paratypes, reg. nos MPC-02691-02696. H–P: Additional unregistered specimens. Scale bars = 50 µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<caption id="DF6BCC8C4F58FFE2FF47D3256388F950" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321440/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" startId="3.[151,257,1584,1608]" targetBox="[179,1411,208,1556]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F58FFE2FF47D3256388F950" blockId="3.[151,1436,1584,1711]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F58FFE2FF47D3256317F9B7" bold="true" box="[151,288,1584,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 2:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F58FFE2FEF8D3256037F9B8" authorityName="Kitazato, Uematsui, Todo & Gooday" authorityYear="2009" box="[296,512,1584,1607]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="kaikoi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F58FFE2FEF8D3256037F9B8" box="[296,512,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Leptohalysis kaikoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B96040164F58FFE2FDD8D3256055F9B7" bold="true" box="[520,610,1584,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FD6D4F58FFE2FDD8D3256055F9B7" box="[520,610,1584,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
, scanning electron micrographs. A: Complete specimen. B; Proximal end showing organic-walled proloculus. C: Central part of test showing grains with flat exposed surfaces. D: Aperture. E: Patches of organic cement on grain surfaces. F–G: Outer surface showing agglutinated grains embedded in copious amounts of organic cement.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F58FFE2FF16D3C86650F8E2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1757,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B96040164F58FFE2FF16D3C863AEF908" bold="true" box="[198,409,1757,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Type specimens:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C96594F58FFE2FE77D3C86654F8E2" location="National Science Museum" municipality="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="Tokyo" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCF067E4F58FFE2FE77D3C863E3F908" box="[423,468,1757,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">The</collectingMunicipality>
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type specimens are deposited in the
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<location id="8ECBCADF4F58FFE2FC7CD3C866C7F908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2D124F5AFFE4FF47D2336651FF00:8ECBCADF4F58FFE2FC7CD3C866C7F908" box="[940,1264,1757,1783]" municipality="The" name="National Science Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="Tokyo">National Science Museum</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D052E64F58FFE2FAD2D3C8677BF908" box="[1282,1356,1757,1783]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
under registration numbers MPC-02690 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AF22A64F58FFE2FDE0D21660ADF8E2" box="[560,666,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) and MPC-02691-02696 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D12578D4F58FFE2FC1FD216666BF8E2" box="[975,1116,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">6 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F58FFE2FF16D23D6098F8BD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1757,2013]" box="[198,687,1832,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F58FFE2FF16D23D603EF8BD" bold="true" box="[198,521,1832,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Other material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D12578D4F58FFE2FDC1D23D6098F8BD" box="[529,687,1832,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F58FFE2FF16D25B63E7F870" blockId="3.[151,1436,1757,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F58FFE2FF16D25B6378F897" bold="true" box="[198,335,1870,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Ethmology</emphasis>
|
||
From
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F58FFE2FE4DD25A63D4F897" box="[413,483,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Kaiko</emphasis>
|
||
(Japanese) = trench and also the name of the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0504C14F58FFE2FC2ED25A660BF896" box="[1022,1084,1871,1897]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15413" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15413" name="Museo Civico di Rovereto" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="Herbarium">ROV</collectionCode>
|
||
used to collected the material from the Challenger Deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30ECF8F4F58FFE5FF16D2896080FBD4" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F58FFE2FF16D28967ABF822" blockId="3.[151,1436,1757,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F58FFE2FF16D2896369F849" bold="true" box="[198,350,1948,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F58FFE2FEA4D2896072F84A" box="[372,581,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Test morphology</emphasis>
|
||
. Test reddish-brown in colour, although colour intensity varies considerably between specimens and later chambers often paler than earlier ones. In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D12578D4F58FFE2FB57D2D66717F822" box="[1159,1312,1987,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F80814F58FFE2FAE0D2D667BBF822" box="[1328,1420,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[179,1415,467,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-140@2.[171,1415,467,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1: Leptohalysis kaikoi sp. nov., photographs taken using transmitted light. A: Holotype, reg. no. MPC-02690. B–G: Paratypes, reg. nos MPC-02691-02696. H–P: Additional unregistered specimens. Scale bars = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321438/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5FFFE5FF47D58D61E1FE18" blockId="4.[150,1436,152,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">first 8 chambers have dark, ferruginous appearance and contrast strikingly with final 3 very lightly-coloured chambers. Test comprises linear series of 7–12 (usually 10–11) chambers following more or less straight, gently curved to slightly sinuous course. Overall test length 80–127 µm (mean 110.1 ± 13.7 µm); length:width ratio 4.6–6.0 (mean 5.5 ± 0.34). Proloculus forms small, basically organic sphere, 6–10 µm diameter. All subsequent chambers agglutinated, approximately spherical and pressed against each other to create segmented appearance. Width of smallest (proximal) chamber 6–9 µm (mean 8.1 ± 1.1 µm) and largest (distal) chamber 16–21 µm (mean 19.8 ± 1.63 µm). Tiny additional semicircular or dome-like chamber (3–5 µm diameter) sometimes positioned to one side of main test axis, between proloculus and adjoining chamber. Aperture simple, more or less circular opening at end of final chamber.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5FFFE5FF16D4E1609BFCE3" blockId="4.[150,1436,152,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FF16D4E1607DFDF2" box="[198,586,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Wall structure and composition.</emphasis>
|
||
Wall comprises tiny agglutinated particles, typically 2–4 µm in size. Individual chambers formed from grains of different sizes; for example, 1.3–3.0 µm and 1.8–2.8 µm in chambers illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F80814F5FFFE5FE63D75463CAFDA4" box="[435,509,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[179,1411,208,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-146@3.[175,1411,194,1560]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2: Leptohalysis kaikoi sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A: Complete specimen. B; Proximal end showing organic-walled proloculus. C: Central part of test showing grains with flat exposed surfaces. D: Aperture. E: Patches of organic cement on grain surfaces. F–G: Outer surface showing agglutinated grains embedded in copious amounts of organic cement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321440/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
. Final two chambers incorporate larger grains (5–10 µm diameter). Edges of particles usually covered by cement, obscuring their precise shapes. However, most appear approximately equidimensional and subangular in outline. Many particles have flat exposed surfaces, sometimes with traces of flake-like cleavages. Some better exposed grains are thin and plate-like; others appear more rounded. X-ray microanalysis suggests that grains are composed mainly of Si and Al with traces of Mg, Mn, K and sometimes Fe, consistent with clay mineral composition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5FFFE5FF16D63C6335FC48" blockId="4.[150,1436,152,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Grains fringed by copious amounts of cement which overlap to varying extent onto their flat surfaces. Isolated spots of cement also present in some areas. Cement forms tightly-meshed, spongy mass consisting partly of anastomosing, bar-like elements. Small, flat areas within cement mass are probably tiny clay particles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5FFFE5FF16D6D16080FBD4" blockId="4.[150,1436,152,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Proloculus transparent with very smooth surface, composed mainly of organic material, with scattering of tiny grains, some rod shaped, in some areas. X-ray microanalyses reveal peaks for Si and Al as well as Mg, Ca and Fe, presumably derived from these grains.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30ECF8F4F5FFFE4FF16D1226651FF00" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5FFFE5FF16D1226673FB60" blockId="4.[150,1436,152,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FF16D1226308FBAE" bold="true" box="[198,319,1079,1105]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The description of the wall structure is based mainly on the specimen examined by SEM and illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F80814F5FFFE5FEE0D14B6341FB87" box="[304,374,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[179,1411,208,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-146@3.[175,1411,194,1560]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2: Leptohalysis kaikoi sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A: Complete specimen. B; Proximal end showing organic-walled proloculus. C: Central part of test showing grains with flat exposed surfaces. D: Aperture. E: Patches of organic cement on grain surfaces. F–G: Outer surface showing agglutinated grains embedded in copious amounts of organic cement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321440/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
. Three other specimens examined by SEM had a similar wall structure, but because of long immersion in glycerol they were not sufficiently well preserved to be illustrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5FFFE5FF15D1B9662EF834" blockId="4.[150,1436,152,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FF15D1B9636EFB3A" authorityName="Loeblich and Tappan" authorityYear="1984" box="[197,345,1196,1221]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FF15D1B9636EFB3A" box="[197,345,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Leptohalysis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AF22A64F5FFFE5FEB8D1B963ABFB39" box="[360,412,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FDD0D1B96159FB39" authority="Hoglund 1947" authorityName="Hoglund" authorityYear="1947" box="[512,878,1196,1222]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Reophax" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="catella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FDD0D1B9608BFB3A" box="[512,700,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Reophax catella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5FFFE5FD14D1B96159FB39" author="Hoglund" box="[708,878,1196,1222]" firstAuthor="Hoglund" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 328" refId="ref4616" refString="Hoglund, H. (1947) Foraminifera in the Gullmar Fjord and the Skagerak. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 26, 1 - 328." type="journal article" year="1947">Höglund 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was originally diagnosed as follows: ‘A genus of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FF39D1C763AEFB13" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1894" box="[233,409,1234,1260]" class="Nodosariata" family="Hormosinidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="family">Hormosinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
characterised by an elongate delicate test composed of slowly enlarging, distally tapering, flask-shaped chambers with blunt bases’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5FFFE5FCC0D1EC667CFAEC" author="Loeblich & Tappan" box="[784,1099,1273,1299]" firstAuthor="Loeblich" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" pagination="1158 - 1163" refId="ref4731" refString="Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. (1984) Some new proteinaceous and agglutinated genera of Foraminiferida. Journal of Paleontology, 58, 1158 - 1163." type="journal article" year="1984">Loeblich & Tappan 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FF47D03562C9FAC6" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1808" box="[151,254,1312,1337]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Reophax" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FF47D03562C9FAC6" box="[151,254,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Reophax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on ‘the very elongate and delicate test, slowly enlarging flask-like chambers in nearly straight series, and flexible wall with distinct organic component and sparse agglutinated material in the early stage’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5FFFE5FF4FD07863E0FA78" author="Loeblich & Tappan" box="[159,471,1389,1415]" firstAuthor="Loeblich" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" pagination="1158 - 1163" refId="ref4731" refString="Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. (1984) Some new proteinaceous and agglutinated genera of Foraminiferida. Journal of Paleontology, 58, 1158 - 1163." type="journal article" year="1984">Loeblich & Tappan 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species conforms to this description in several respects. However, it differs from typical representatives of the genus in the following respects. 1) The shape of the chambers, which are rounded and abut closely with a distinct suture between them rather than being flask-shaped with more or less flat, truncated bases. 2) The relatively thick wall that consists mainly of grains with flat exposed faces that abut to create a surface resembling an uneven pavement. The edges of the particles are obscured by copious amounts of organic cement rather than being delicately constructed from flake-like, slightly overlapping grains. 3) The presence of a single "adventitious" chamber following the proloculus and located to one side of the axis of growth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FDE2D369612BF96A" authorityName="Kitazato, Uematsui, Todo & Gooday" authorityYear="2009" box="[562,796,1660,1685]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="kaikoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FDE2D369612BF96A" box="[562,796,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Leptohalysis kaikoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FC0FD36962E3F943" authority="Loeblich and Tappan 1984" authorityName="Loeblich and Tappan" authorityYear="1984" class="Nodosariata" family="Kunklerinidae" genus="Scherochorella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FC0FD36966A2F96A" box="[991,1173,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Scherochorella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5FFFE5FB4DD36962E3F943" author="Loeblich and Tappan" firstAuthor="Loeblich" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" pagination="1158 - 1163" refId="ref4731" refString="Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. (1984) Some new proteinaceous and agglutinated genera of Foraminiferida. Journal of Paleontology, 58, 1158 - 1163." type="journal article" year="1984">Loeblich and Tappan 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a hormosinid genus based on a Lower Carboniferous
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AF22A64F5FFFE5FC8AD3B761BBF943" box="[858,908,1698,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species but including one Holocene species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FF47D3DC6076F91C" authority="Collins 1974" authorityName="Collins" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,577,1737,1763]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Reophax" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="barwonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FF47D3DC63A9F91D" box="[151,414,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Reophax barwonensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5FFFE5FE77D3DC6076F91C" author="Collins" box="[423,577,1737,1763]" firstAuthor="Collins" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref4174" refString="Collins, A. C. (1974) Port Phillips Survey 1957 - 1963, Foraminiferida. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 35, 1 - 62" type="journal article" year="1974">Collins 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5FFFE5FD81D3DC61B1F91C" author="Loeblich & Tappan" box="[593,902,1737,1763]" firstAuthor="Loeblich" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" pagination="1158 - 1163" refId="ref4731" refString="Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. (1984) Some new proteinaceous and agglutinated genera of Foraminiferida. Journal of Paleontology, 58, 1158 - 1163." type="journal article" year="1984">Loeblich & Tappan 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The main features that distinguish the new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FEE5D3E563D0F8F6" authorityName="Loeblich and Tappan" authorityYear="1984" box="[309,487,1776,1801]" class="Nodosariata" family="Kunklerinidae" genus="Scherochorella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FEE5D3E563D0F8F6" box="[309,487,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Scherochorella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are as follows: 1) the chambers are globular in shape and much more distinctly separated, 2) the proloculus is transparent and spherical rather than bulbous and 3) the test is much smaller, <130 µm compared to 570 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FD9DD22861EDF8A8" authority="(Collins 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Collins" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[589,986,1853,1879]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Reophax" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="barwonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FD9DD2286123F8A9" box="[589,788,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">R. barwonensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5FFFE5FCF7D22861E5F8A8" author="Collins" box="[807,978,1853,1879]" firstAuthor="Collins" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref4174" refString="Collins, A. C. (1974) Port Phillips Survey 1957 - 1963, Foraminiferida. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 35, 1 - 62" type="journal article" year="1974">Collins 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.The only hormosinacean genus of comparable size is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FEA5D27160E1F881" authority="Colom 1964" authorityName="Colom" authorityYear="1964" box="[373,726,1892,1918]" class="Nodosariata" family="Hormosinidae" genus="Siliconodosarina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FEA5D271600AF882" box="[373,573,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Siliconodosarina</emphasis>
|
||
Colom 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Ria de Vigo in NW Spain, which measures only 90 µm in length. It is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5FFFE5FD87D29E6089F85B" authorityName="Kitazato, Uematsui, Todo & Gooday" authorityYear="2009" box="[599,702,1931,1956]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="kaikoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5FFFE5FD87D29E6089F85B" box="[599,702,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">L. kaikoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shape of the chambers, the serrated margin, the thicker agglutinated wall and the agglutinated proloculus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E1F54F5FFFE5FD38D2A4663AF834" author="Loeblich & Tappan" box="[744,1037,1969,1995]" firstAuthor="Loeblich" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refId="ref4764" refString="Loeblich, A. R. & Tappan, H. (1987) Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Vol. 1 - 2. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York." type="book" year="1987">Loeblich &Tappan 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB9C044F5EFFE4FF15D58D6651FF00" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
For the present, we adopt a conservative approach and place the new species in
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5EFFE4FBBDD58D673FFF4E" box="[1133,1288,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5EFFE4FBBDD58D6733FF4E" authorityName="Loeblich and Tappan" authorityYear="1984" box="[1133,1284,152,177]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Leptohalysis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a genus that is widely distributed in the deep sea. A detailed comparison of its wall structure with that of typical representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C14E7874F5EFFE4FEBDD5F06036FF01" authorityName="Loeblich and Tappan" authorityYear="1984" box="[365,513,229,254]" class="Nodosariata" family="Reophacidae" genus="Leptohalysis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Hormosinina" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96040164F5EFFE4FEBDD5F06036FF01" box="[365,513,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Leptohalysis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may provide the basis for establishing a new genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |