183 lines
20 KiB
XML
183 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="608B365CA95F6F9532F611BBAF73ADD7" ID-CLB-Dataset="39092" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bf8e862-b6f3-4da7-a8c2-b89e1c636e95" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="261205" ID-ZooBank="24DE652C-A52D-4372-825A-E251293661AF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1462956189799" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence A. & Tree, Desley J." docDate="2016" docId="03B887B5C429FF81FF5C3871141E44AE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4109.5.5.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4109 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudodendrothrips Schmutz" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="579" masterDocId="FF81FFCDC423FF8BFF9B3C4E173B4372" masterDocTitle="Genera of the leaf-feeding Dendrothripinae of the world (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), with new species from Australia and Sulawesi, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="582" masterPageNumber="569" pageNumber="579" updateTime="1698662476043" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C29F41B58AFE38EB0BCC74BE6C44A450">
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<mods:title id="48848378468F7AB24B706DA5C45BF0AE">Genera of the leaf-feeding Dendrothripinae of the world (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), with new species from Australia and Sulawesi, Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9311E5C27A8E47F9D271CA9606A28A00">Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AFA7BB2CFE13593DE0C503581EE66A2">Tree, Desley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="11072569F67EFFDBF680A5CE2CB4BA81">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="46CE3CC7B287A2BB936E75C12281D7A5">
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<mods:date id="7DD5FDEA1AEB76FA5B412D82540C1CB8">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E9656B8B608A206298557DBB83A87193">4109</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="61A3962CF50F3EDCCBAE41E60BB7BD2A">5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A3E20D7DD1BC9E8FC464F163214F6A4D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B887B5C429FF81FF5C3871141E44AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6058449" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120677256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6058449" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887B5C429FF81FF5C3871141E44AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887B5C429FF81FF5C3871141E44AE" lastPageNumber="579" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">
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<subSubSection id="C30B6528C429FF81FF5C387115114725" box="[199,554,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A3C429FF81FF5C387115114725" blockId="10.[151,1437,1087,2013]" box="[199,554,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FF5C3871151A472A" ID-CoL="63QZD" authority="Schmutz" authorityName="Schmutz" box="[199,545,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FF5C3871151A472A" bold="true" box="[199,545,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FF5C38711694472A" bold="true" box="[199,431,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Pseudodendrothrips</emphasis>
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Schmutz
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6528C429FF81FDAE3871141E44AE" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A3C429FF81FDAE3871134A4575" blockId="10.[151,1437,1087,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">
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There are now 19 species listed in this genus, and all of them seem to be associated with the leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FE74382B155B470E" box="[495,608,1125,1148]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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, particularly various species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FC4F382B1325470E" box="[980,1054,1125,1148]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FC4F382B1325470E" box="[980,1054,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Morus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FBC1382B13A3470E" box="[1114,1176,1125,1148]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FBC1382B13A3470E" box="[1114,1176,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Ficus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. These thrips all have unusually elongate hind tarsi, and the sculpture on the abdominal tergites and also the metanotum is remarkably similar among the species. Two species were described from southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FC4C38E2132547B7" box="[983,1054,1196,1221]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FBB638E213A147B7" box="[1069,1178,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">alboniger</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FB4238E2122747B7" box="[1241,1308,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">fulvus</emphasis>
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, and these should probably be placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FE7938811553479A" box="[482,616,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Leucothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FE7938811553479A" box="[482,616,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Leucothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as they do not have elongate hind tarsi (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B52C429FF81FBB638811279479A" author="Mound" box="[1069,1346,1231,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" refString="Mound, L. A. & Marullo, R. (1996) The Thrips of Central and South America: An Introduction. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 6, 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1996">Mound & Marullo 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). Of the others, 16 are from tropical Asia, with
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FDD038BA158B467F" box="[587,688,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">candidus</emphasis>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FD6E38BA144D467F" box="[757,886,1268,1293]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
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Island in the Atlantic. In
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<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FB0C38BA123A467F" box="[1175,1281,1268,1293]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, the record of
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FF0C395717F74642" box="[151,204,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mori">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FF0C395717F74642" box="[151,204,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">mori</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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continues to be doubtful (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B52C429FF81FE6C395915B64642" author="Mound" box="[503,653,1303,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" refString="Mound, L. A. (1999) Saltatorial leaf-feeding Thysanoptera (Thripidae, Dendrothripinae) in Australia and New Caledonia, with newly recorded pests of ferns, figs and mulberries. Australian Journal of Entomology, 38, 257 - 273. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.1999.00112. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Mound 1999</bibRefCitation>
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), as the available specimens are possibly unpigmented individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FF0C397217EA4627" box="[151,209,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darci">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FF0C397217EA4627" box="[151,209,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">darci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Despite earlier confusion in the literature, there appear to be consistent differences in colour between
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FAC8397212A74627" box="[1363,1436,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhattii">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FAC8397212A74627" box="[1363,1436,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">bhattii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FF5D3911163B460A" box="[198,256,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darci">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FF5D3911163B460A" box="[198,256,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">darci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The first is known only from
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<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FDCC392E15AC4605" box="[599,663,1376,1399]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Japan</collectingCountry>
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and has uniformly dark fore wings, with the anterior part of the head extensively brown but the pronotum uniformly pale. In contrast,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FCF739CA149D46EF" box="[876,934,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darci">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FCF739CA149D46EF" box="[876,934,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">darci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has fore wings that are weakly and not quite uniformly shaded, the head is pale with only the interantennal projection dark (
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<figureCitation id="132A2A26C429FF81FBA939E913B246B2" box="[1074,1161,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 32" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1796,1819]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,911,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,911,1775]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 32. Dendrothripinae. (28) Pseudodendrothrips darci head and pronotum. 29 – 32 Pseudodendrothrips marissae: (29) head and pronotum—paratype female in Hoyers Mountant; (30) head and pronotum—non-paratype female; (31) fore wing; (32) tergites IV – VI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261209/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
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), and the pronotum has sublateral dark areas. A similar, but much darker form has been studied from
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<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FB8A3982134E4697" box="[1041,1141,1484,1509]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FB39398313D04696" box="[1186,1259,1485,1508]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FB39398313D04696" box="[1186,1259,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Morus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but specimens from
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FF4F39BF1625457A" box="[212,286,1521,1544]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FF4F39BF1625457A" box="[212,286,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Morus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FEDA39A11646457A" box="[321,381,1519,1544]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">India</collectingCountry>
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, identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FD8239A11559457A" box="[537,610,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhattii">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FD8239A11559457A" box="[537,610,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">bhattii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, cannot at present be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FBAB39A11351457A" box="[1072,1130,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darci">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FBAB39A11351457A" box="[1072,1130,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">darci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A3C429FF81FF5C3A5B1573445A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1087,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">
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In
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<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FF7D3A5A166B455F" box="[230,336,1556,1581]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, specimens identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FDF13A5A159F455F" box="[618,676,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darci">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FDF13A5A159F455F" box="[618,676,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">darci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been studied from Queensland (Brisbane; Monto; Carnarvon; Redlynch), Northern Territory (Darwin; Humpty Doo; Bathurst Island), and Western
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<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FBFB3A7913FD4522" box="[1120,1222,1591,1616]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(Kununurra). This species has been taken occasionally from
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FDE03A1315FF4506" box="[635,708,1629,1652]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FDE03A1315FF4506" box="[635,708,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Morus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but is abundant on
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FC2F3A1313044506" box="[948,1087,1629,1652]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FC2F3A1313044506" box="[948,1087,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Ficus virens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at Darwin and widespread on
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FF0C3ACF167B45EA" box="[151,320,1665,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronata">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FF0C3ACF167B45EA" box="[151,320,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Ficus coronata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in northern
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<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FE533A31150945EA" box="[456,562,1663,1688]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Australia</collectingCountry>
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. The reliance on slight differences in body colour to distinguish species of this genus may not be entirely satisfactory. For example, specimens are sometimes taken together with typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FAF93AEA12A745CF" box="[1378,1436,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FAF93AEA12A745CF" box="[1378,1436,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">darci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that lack dark markings on the head and pronotum, and have the fore wings pale. Some of these specimens are thus similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FE8B3AA3167E4476" box="[272,325,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FE8B3AA3167E4476" box="[272,325,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">mori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but others that have antennal segment II pale cannot be distinguished from the description of
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FF0C3B4117C7445A" box="[151,252,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">candidus</emphasis>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3067633C429FF81FEF13B5E16D0445A" box="[362,491,1807,1832]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A3C429FF81FF5C3B7A141E44AE" blockId="10.[151,1437,1087,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">
|
||
The antennal segmentation of species in this genus also caused some taxonomic confusion in earlier studies. The distal part of segment VI is commonly separated by a partial or complete suture, thus producing a 9-segmented condition. In contrast, the terminal antennal segments are fused in a few species, thus producing a 7-segmented condition.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D20C429FF81FE893BEF164F44CB" box="[274,372,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Pseudodendrothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB1C429FF81FE893BEF164F44CB" box="[274,372,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="579">P. alexei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusual in that segment VI is subdivided, but the terminal two segments are fused, thus producing an 8-segmented antenna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B52C429FF81FDB73B8A142244AE" author="Mound" box="[556,793,1988,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="579" refString="Mound, L. A. & Tree, D. J. (2007) Oriental and Pacific Thripidae (Thysanoptera) new to Australia, with a new species of Pseudodendrothrips Schmutz. Australian Entomologist, 34, 7 - 14." type="journal article" year="2007">Mound & Tree 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |