505 lines
62 KiB
XML
505 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac059" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cca6c92f-c9fd-4df7-ae27-56273bd0df97" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7695978" ID-ZooBank="9E6031A3-0186-415B-86D3-24F6F267DD10" checkinTime="1677744341818" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Graboski, Roberta, Arredondo, Juan C., Grazziotin, Felipe G., Guerra-Fuentes, Ricardo Arturo, Da Silva, Ariane A. A., Prudente, Ana L. C., Pinto, Roberta R., Rodrigues, Miguel T., Bonatto, Sandro L. & Zaher, Hussam" docDate="2023" docId="03B887AE0078FFAFFF5FFA36FC630B54" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac059.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Amerotyphlops illusorium Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher 2023, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="740" masterDocId="FF81FFD6006BFFBAFFB2FFBFFFE00A43" masterDocTitle="Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="751" masterPageNumber="719" pageNumber="738" updateTime="1677851505817" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Graboski, Roberta</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arredondo, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grazziotin, Felipe G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guerra-Fuentes, Ricardo Arturo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Da Silva, Ariane A. A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prudente, Ana L. C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pinto, Roberta R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Miguel T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bonatto, Sandro L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zaher, Hussam</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-11-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>197</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>719</mods:start>
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<mods:end>751</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac059</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">cca6c92f-c9fd-4df7-ae27-56273bd0df97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7695978</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9E6031A3-0186-415B-86D3-24F6F267DD10</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695998" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7695998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887AE0078FFAFFF5FFA36FC630B54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887AE0078FFAFFF5FFA36FC630B54" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="740" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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<subSubSection box="[237,705,1417,1441]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,1417,1548]" box="[237,705,1417,1441]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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<heading box="[237,705,1417,1441]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher, 2023" authorityName="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher" authorityYear="2023" box="[237,598,1417,1441]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="751" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="illusorium" status="sp. nov.">AMEROTYPHLOPS ILLUSORIUM</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[606,705,1417,1441]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[606,705,1417,1441]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="740" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,1417,1548]" box="[186,755,1455,1480]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[195,277,1455,1480]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="19.[827,906,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-564@19.[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of Amerotyphlops illusorium sp. nov. (MZUSP 18787). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 229 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696016/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">FIG. 14</figureCitation>
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; SUPPORTING INFORMATION,
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<figureCitation box="[613,704,1455,1480]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[164,243,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[203,738,213,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-90@13.[181,760,195,1545]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateroventral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; palmx, palatine maxillary process; palptv, palatine pterygoid ventral process; pt, pterygoid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696004/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">FIGS S7</figureCitation>
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, S
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<figureCitation box="[732,746,1455,1480]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[827,913,1285,1307]" captionTargetBox="[860,1412,210,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-163@13.[844,1426,195,1245]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the posterior region of the left mandible in Amerotyphlops speciesbased on HRXCTdata.A,Amerotyphlops caetanoisp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: cb, compound bone; q, quadrate; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696000/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,1417,1548]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis box="[163,497,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n:</emphasis>
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u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act:
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<uuid box="[239,764,1526,1548]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">AF7FA356-4412-4C70-AA6D-8C4D24D81966</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[163,779,1589,1764]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-03-26" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Miguel T. Rodrigues" country="Brazil" elevation="30" latitude="-16.53075" location="Trancoso" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.118526" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" specimenCode="MZUSP 18787, MTR 13542" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis box="[163,278,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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<typeStatus box="[163,273,1589,1610]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectorName box="[293,327,1589,1610]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">An</collectorName>
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adult female,
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<specimenCode box="[515,698,1589,1610]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">MZUSP 18787</specimenCode>
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, (field number
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<specimenCode box="[259,394,1620,1642]" collectionCode="MTR" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">MTR 13542</specimenCode>
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||
), collected by
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||
<collectorName box="[551,630,1620,1642]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Miguel</collectorName>
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<collectionCode box="[637,654,1620,1641]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">T</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName box="[664,779,1620,1642]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Rodrigues</collectorName>
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||
and collaborators on
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||
<date box="[421,603,1650,1672]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" value="2007-03-26">
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<collectingDate box="[421,603,1650,1672]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" value="2007-03-26">26 March 2007</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
from Fazenda Nova Alegria (
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[328,498,1680,1703]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" precision="1" seconds="50.7" value="-16.53075">
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||
16° 31
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||
<emphasis box="[400,406,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">′</emphasis>
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||
50.7
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||
<emphasis box="[462,475,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">′′</emphasis>
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S
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||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[510,690,1680,1703]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" precision="1" seconds="06.7" value="-39.118526">
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||
39° 07
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<emphasis box="[582,588,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">′</emphasis>
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||
06.7
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<emphasis box="[644,657,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">′′</emphasis>
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W
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</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<emphasis box="[698,715,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">c.</emphasis>
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||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" unit="m" value="30.0">
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||
<quantity box="[722,779,1681,1703]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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||
</elevation>
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||
), municipality of
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887AE0078FFAFFF5FFA36FC630B54:8ECE60630078FFA9FE10F90FFDEB0C86" box="[418,523,1712,1733]" country="Brazil" latitude="-16.53075" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.118526" name="Trancoso" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" stateProvince="Bahia">Trancoso</location>
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||
, state of
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||
<collectingRegion box="[627,697,1712,1734]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[708,778,1712,1734]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[171,247,1742,1764]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="19.[827,906,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-564@19.[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of Amerotyphlops illusorium sp. nov. (MZUSP 18787). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 229 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696016/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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||
; Supporting Information,
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||
<figureCitation box="[545,624,1742,1764]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[164,243,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[203,738,213,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-90@13.[181,760,195,1545]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateroventral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; palmx, palatine maxillary process; palptv, palatine pterygoid ventral process; pt, pterygoid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696004/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Fig. S7</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,778,1813,1896]" lastBlockId="19.[827,1442,197,250]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,287,1814,1835]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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||
<typeStatus box="[163,282,1814,1835]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
Two male specimens, MNRJ 19614 and MNRJ 19613, collected by Tiago S. Soares between
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<date box="[163,412,1874,1896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" value="2010-06-06" valueMax="2010-06-15" valueMin="2010-06-06">6 and 15 June 2010</date>
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||
from Praia de Porto Seguro, municipality of Trancoso, state of
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<collectingRegion box="[1272,1348,197,219]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1366,1442,197,219]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1119,1249,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[827,913,1285,1307]" captionTargetBox="[860,1412,210,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-163@13.[844,1426,195,1245]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the posterior region of the left mandible in Amerotyphlops speciesbased on HRXCTdata.A,Amerotyphlops caetanoisp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: cb, compound bone; q, quadrate; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696000/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Fig. S8A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[827,1443,290,527]" lastBlockId="20.[145,762,197,1507]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="739" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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||
<emphasis box="[827,956,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is distinguished from all other South American congeneric species by the unique combination of the following of characters: (1) nasal suture incomplete; (2) rostral scale oval; (3) supralabial scales four; (4) infralabial scales three; (5) rows scales around the body 20/20/18; (6) mid-dorsal scales 221–230; (7) ventral scales 210–219; (8) rows of dorsal scales dark brown 13–15; (9) rows of ventral scales yellowish cream and immaculate five to seven; (10) caudal spine dark brown; (11) subcaudal scales ten to 12; (12) maximum TTL
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||
<quantity box="[488,583,259,280]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="229.0">229 mm</quantity>
|
||
; (13) maximum TL
|
||
<quantity box="[186,253,289,311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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||
; (14) nasal process of premaxilla contacting the vertical laminae of the nasals in the anterodorsal and posteroventral portions, with the central portion not in contact, leaving a large round canal between the olfactory chambers; (15) large palatine fossa on the lateral side of the maxilla; (16) maxilla with a straight medial border; (17) ventral pterygoid process of palatine straight; (18) ratio between length of ventral pterygoid process of palatine and skull length 0.06; (19) angle between mandibular condyle articulation and the retroarticular process of the compound bone close to 90°; and (20) dorsal surface of dentary bone with one to two evident foramina.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7696016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696016/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" startId="19.[827,906,1817,1839]" targetBox="[831,1439,565,1777]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[827,1444,1817,1898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[827,946,1817,1839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Figure 14.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authority="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher, 2023" authorityName="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher" authorityYear="2023" box="[1085,1360,1817,1839]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="illusorium" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1085,1360,1817,1839]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="738">Amerotyphlops illusorium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1366,1444,1817,1839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="738" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MZUSP 18787). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 229 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,762,197,1507]" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher" authorityYear="2023" box="[169,532,688,709]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="illusorium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[169,532,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Amerotyphlops illusorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jimenez & Savage" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costaricensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. costaricensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Roze" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[341,477,718,740]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lehneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[341,477,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. lehneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[501,711,719,740]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microstomus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,711,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. microstomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stadelmani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. stadelmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[287,438,749,771]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tasymicris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[287,438,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. tasymicris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[452,554,749,771]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[452,554,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Richmond" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[568,710,749,771]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,710,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. trinitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[145,273,780,801]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tycherus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,273,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. tycherus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having an incomplete nasal suture (vs. complete nasal suture); from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[478,616,811,832]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[478,616,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. arenensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher" authorityYear="2023" box="[629,755,811,832]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caetanoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[629,755,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. caetanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rodrigues & Junca" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[145,282,841,863]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoipira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,282,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. amoipira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[295,499,841,863]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuisquamus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,499,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. minuisquamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dixon & Hendricks" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[512,710,841,863]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucisquamus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[512,710,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. paucisquamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rodrigues" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[145,299,872,893]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yonenagae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,299,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. yonenagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having 20/20/18 rows scales around the body (vs. 18/16/14, 18/18/14, 20/18/14 or 20/18/
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[179,394,933,955]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuisquamus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,394,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. minuisquamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 18/18/
|
||
<quantity box="[533,595,933,955]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[605,754,933,955]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[605,754,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. arenensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher" authorityYear="2023" box="[145,288,964,985]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caetanoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,288,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. caetanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rodrigues & Junca" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[309,462,964,985]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoipira">
|
||
<emphasis box="[309,462,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. amoipira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dixon & Hendricks" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[482,702,964,985]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucisquamus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[482,702,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. paucisquamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rodrigues" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[145,301,995,1016]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yonenagae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,301,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. yonenagae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[390,551,994,1016]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[390,551,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having highly pigmented cephalic scales with a dark brown dorsum and dorsum tail brown (vs. yellow and few pigmented cephalic scales, dorsum brown or black and dorsum tail black with cream or yellow spot); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher" authorityYear="2023" box="[602,761,1117,1139]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[602,761,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. montanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a smaller rostral width (RW1) at the dorsal portion, between 1.22 and
|
||
<quantity box="[442,540,1178,1200]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="1.54">1.54 mm</quantity>
|
||
(vs. a larger rostral width at the dorsal portion
|
||
<quantity box="[449,548,1209,1230]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="1.88">1.88 mm</quantity>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher" authorityYear="2023" box="[624,729,1209,1231]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[624,729,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. martis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a largest number of mid-dorsal scales, between 221 and 230 (vs. fewer number of mid-dorsal scales, between 208 and 217); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vanzolini" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[545,761,1301,1322]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongermianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[545,761,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. brongermianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the ventral portion of the pterygoid process of palatine straight (vs. ventral pterygoid process of palatine curved).
|
||
<tableCitation box="[470,556,1393,1415]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[112,176,405,427]" captionText="Table 1. Variation for selected characters of morphologically similar species of Amerotyphlops from Brazil. Values displayed in the table represent (in this sequence) range (mm), mean, standard deviations and available sample size." pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
shows additional morphometric characters and scale patterns found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher" authorityYear="2023" box="[176,331,1454,1476]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="illusorium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[176,331,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">A. illusorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and morphologically similar species distributed in southern and north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[630,703,1485,1507]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,761,1548,1876]" lastBlockId="20.[809,1425,197,893]" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,505,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[390,498,1548,1569]" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female, TTL
|
||
<quantity box="[145,250,1578,1600]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="229.0">229 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL
|
||
<quantity box="[319,393,1578,1600]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, MBD/(SVL-HR)
|
||
<quantity box="[631,759,1578,1600]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="0.037">0.037 mm</quantity>
|
||
and TL/SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[309,437,1609,1631]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7159999999999997" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="37.16">37.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head slightly depressed dorsoventrally, not wider than ‘neck’. Snout round in dorsal and ventral views. Rostral oval, longer than wide, narrow at anteroposterior region and wider at medial region; visible in dorsal view, extending ventrodorsally without reaching the imaginary transverse line between anterior borders of eyes. Rostral contacting nasal (anterior and posterior) dorsolaterally and first supralabial and anterior nasal scales ventrally. Nasal suture incomplete, only partially dividing the anterior and posterior portions of nasal scale. Suture begins in the upper edge of second supralabial, passes through nostril, but fails to reach rostral. Anterior nasal in contact with first infralabial and upper edge of second infralabial. Posterior nasal longer than wide, contacting upper margin of second supralabial and preocular. Supralabials four, fourth twice longer than third. Infralabials three, third largest. Eye diameter
|
||
<quantity box="[809,918,504,525]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="0.77">0.77 mm</quantity>
|
||
; eyes not visible in ventral view, located dorsolaterally, close to suture between preocular and ocular scales, completely covered by ocular scale. Ocular scales contacting frontal. Body cylindrical and robust. Midbody diameter
|
||
<quantity box="[1212,1326,626,648]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.28" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="8.28">8.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal and ventral scales cycloid, wider than long, highly imbricated and arranged in diagonal series; scale rows around the body 20/20/18. Mid-dorsal scales 221. Ventral scales 218. Cloacal plate rounded, bordered anteriorly by three rows of scales and posteriorly by five rows of scales. Subcaudal scales ten, excluding the terminal spine. Terminal spine large, stout base and dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[809,1426,934,1876]" lastBlockId="21.[163,779,197,280]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="740" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1013,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Skull osteology (</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">= 2; MZUSP 18787 and MNRJ 19613):</emphasis>
|
||
Length of the skull
|
||
<quantity box="[1138,1304,965,986]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.625" metricValueMax="8.22" metricValueMin="7.03" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="7.625" valueMax="8.22" valueMin="7.03">7.03–8.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and skull width
|
||
<quantity box="[882,1049,995,1017]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.725" metricValueMax="3.99" metricValueMin="3.46" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="3.725" valueMax="3.99" valueMin="3.46">3.46–3.99 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The snout region has a globular enlarged-shape and highly consolidated. The snout articulates with the braincase by the nasal and prefrontal sutures and with the frontal bone. The anteroventral region of the premaxilla has a short backward process. The midsagittal lamina separates both sides of the premaxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1184,1255,1179,1201]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[827,909,1304,1326]" captionTargetBox="[845,1431,208,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-566@11.[829,1440,195,1264]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Three-dimensional cutaway views along the sagittal axis of the nasal cavity in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14689); B, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380). Insert show a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: pmx, premaxilla; smx, septomaxilla; vm, vomer; na, nasal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695994/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lamina of the premaxilla is confluent with the mid-dorsal laminae of the nasals and with the mid-dorsal ridges of the vomeronasal cupola of the septomaxillae (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[827,909,1304,1326]" captionTargetBox="[845,1431,208,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-566@11.[829,1440,195,1264]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Three-dimensional cutaway views along the sagittal axis of the nasal cavity in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14689); B, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380). Insert show a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: pmx, premaxilla; smx, septomaxilla; vm, vomer; na, nasal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695994/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nasal process of premaxilla contacting the vertical laminae of the nasals in the anterodorsal and posteroventral portions, with the central portion not in contact, leaving a large round canal between the olfactory chambers (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1052,1136,1424,1447]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[827,909,1304,1326]" captionTargetBox="[845,1431,208,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-566@11.[829,1440,195,1264]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Three-dimensional cutaway views along the sagittal axis of the nasal cavity in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14689); B, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380). Insert show a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: pmx, premaxilla; smx, septomaxilla; vm, vomer; na, nasal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695994/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The medial side of the maxilla has a shallow depression (or fossa), where lodges the maxillary process of the palatine. The palatine fossa is on the lateral side of the maxilla, in the region of the articular fossa. The palatine fossa is large (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[915,1001,1578,1600]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[145,224,636,658]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,204,585]" captionTargetId="figure-650@12.[145,1431,195,597]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops montanum sp. nov. (MZUSP 20065); C, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm.Abbreviations:mx, maxilla; mxpalf, palatine articulation fossa of the maxilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695996/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with diameters between 0.24 and
|
||
<quantity box="[809,914,1609,1630]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="739" unit="mm" value="0.29">0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The medial border of the maxilla is straight-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1028,1119,1639,1661]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[145,224,636,658]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,204,585]" captionTargetId="figure-650@12.[145,1431,195,597]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops montanum sp. nov. (MZUSP 20065); C, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm.Abbreviations:mx, maxilla; mxpalf, palatine articulation fossa of the maxilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695996/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pterygoid process of the palatine is straight-shaped and ventrally directed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[919,1001,1701,1723]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[164,243,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[203,738,213,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-90@13.[181,760,195,1545]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateroventral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; palmx, palatine maxillary process; palptv, palatine pterygoid ventral process; pt, pterygoid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696004/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The retroarticular process projects in parallel to the horizontal plane of the articular. The angle between mandibular condyle articulation and the retroarticular process of the compound bone is close to 90° (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1006,1096,1823,1845]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[827,913,1285,1307]" captionTargetBox="[860,1412,210,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-163@13.[844,1426,195,1245]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the posterior region of the left mandible in Amerotyphlops speciesbased on HRXCTdata.A,Amerotyphlops caetanoisp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: cb, compound bone; q, quadrate; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696000/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="739">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The edentulous dentary is restricted to the distal end of the mandible, articulating mainly with the splenial. The dorsal side of the dentary is flat and pierced by one or two foramina (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[285,369,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[145,223,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[168,742,209,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-575@14.[147,758,195,1283]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the anterior region of the left mandible in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops montanum sp. nov. (MZUSP 20065). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: cb, compound bone; co, coronoid; d, dentary; sp, splenial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696006/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,780,321,742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,670,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">
|
||
Coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[375,475,321,342]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in preserƲatiƲe:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum (13/13/13 rows scales) dark brown, venter (7/7/5 rows scales) yellowish cream (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[535,673,382,404]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[164,243,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[203,738,213,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-90@13.[181,760,195,1545]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateroventral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; palmx, palatine maxillary process; palptv, palatine pterygoid ventral process; pt, pterygoid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696004/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. S7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal portions of snout yellowish cream, with a dark brown spot, covering both rostral and nasal scales (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="19.[827,906,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-564@19.[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of Amerotyphlops illusorium sp. nov. (MZUSP 18787). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 229 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696016/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. 14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral portion of snout yellowish cream and immaculate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[318,416,505,527]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="19.[827,906,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-564@19.[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of Amerotyphlops illusorium sp. nov. (MZUSP 18787). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 229 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696016/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Symphysial region yellowish cream and immaculate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[444,541,536,558]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="19.[827,906,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-564@19.[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of Amerotyphlops illusorium sp. nov. (MZUSP 18787). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 229 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696016/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal head scales (supraoculars, frontal, postfrontal, parietals and occipitals) and dorsal portions of lateral head scales (ocular, nasal, and lower nasal) predominantly dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[255,389,658,680]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="19.[827,906,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-564@19.[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of Amerotyphlops illusorium sp. nov. (MZUSP 18787). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 229 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696016/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. 14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and ventral portions yellowish cream (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[251,348,689,711]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="19.[827,906,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-564@19.[831,1439,565,1777]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of Amerotyphlops illusorium sp. nov. (MZUSP 18787). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 229 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696016/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cloacal plate pale yellowish cream and terminal spine dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[548,648,720,742]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[164,243,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[203,738,213,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-90@13.[181,760,195,1545]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateroventral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; palmx, palatine maxillary process; palptv, palatine pterygoid ventral process; pt, pterygoid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696004/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. S7B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,780,782,1080]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,303,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Variation of</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="TTL, MBD" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[312,433,783,804]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[312,427,783,804]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Number of subcaudal scales 11–12 (mean = 11.5, SD = 0.7,
|
||
<emphasis box="[506,526,814,835]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). Tail length 2.58– 3.0 % of
|
||
<collectionCode box="[259,308,844,865]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">TTL</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[324,344,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). Largest male with
|
||
<quantity box="[625,717,844,865]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" unit="mm" value="207.0">207 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[723,775,844,865]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">TTL</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[163,224,875,896]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">MBD</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity box="[232,398,874,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" metricValueMax="5.11" metricValueMin="4.91" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" unit="mm" value="5.01" valueMax="5.11" valueMin="4.91">4.91–5.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 5.01, SD = 0.13,
|
||
<emphasis box="[701,721,875,896]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); number of mid-dorsal scales 226–230 (mean = 228.0, SD = 2.82,
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,311,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); number of ventral scales 210–219 (mean = 214.0, SD = 6.36,
|
||
<emphasis box="[463,483,967,988]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); and number of scale rows around the body 20/20/18. The colour patterns of the
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[206,319,1028,1049]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are similar to that found in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[682,779,1028,1050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[455,585,1058,1080]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[827,913,1285,1307]" captionTargetBox="[860,1412,210,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-163@13.[844,1426,195,1245]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the posterior region of the left mandible in Amerotyphlops speciesbased on HRXCTdata.A,Amerotyphlops caetanoisp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: cb, compound bone; q, quadrate; rp, retroarticular process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696000/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. S8A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,778,1121,1265]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,302,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin adjective
|
||
<emphasis box="[403,518,1152,1173]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">illusorius</emphasis>
|
||
, illusory or ironic, in reference to the external morphology that challenges its identification when compared to
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vanzolini" baseAuthorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmianus">Amerotyphlops brongersmianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,780,1306,1880]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,779,1306,1327]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">
|
||
Distribution and habitat:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Graboski & Arredondo & Grazziotin & Guerra-Fuentes & Da Silva & Prudente & Pinto & Rodrigues & Bonatto & Zaher" authorityYear="2023" box="[473,779,1306,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="illusorium">Amerotyphlops illusorium</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known from Fazenda Nova Alegria, situated at
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
from the municipality of Trancoso, in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[163,234,1398,1420]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[246,317,1398,1420]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[334,431,1398,1420]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="15.[161,239,1231,1253]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,197,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-286@15.[163,1446,195,1191]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 10. Geographical distribution of nine species belonging to the genus Amerotyphlops from South America.A, zoomed map of species distributed in the north-eastern Brazil; B, zoomed map of four new species described in this work. Symbols: A. arenensis (black pentagons); A. amoipira (black diamonds); A. brongersmianus (black circles); A. yonenagae (black squares); A. pauciquamus (black inverted triangles); A. martis sp. nov. (black star); A. montanum sp. nov. (black triangles); A. illusorium sp. nov. (black cross); Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (black asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7696008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7696008/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This region is considered as part of the Atlantic Forest morphoclimatic domain, in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[209,279,1460,1482]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
Coastal forest ecoregion, along the northeastern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[347,417,1490,1512]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Olson DM & Dinerstein E & Wikramanayake ED & Burgess ND & Powell GVN & Underwood EC & D'amico JA & Itoua I & Strand HE & Morrison JC & Loucks CJ & Allnutt TF & Ricketts TH & Kura Y & Lamoreux JF & Wettengel WW & Hedao P & Kassem KR" box="[432,628,1490,1512]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref24905" refString="Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED, Burgess ND, Powell GVN, Underwood EC, D'amico JA, Itoua I, Strand HE, Morrison JC, Loucks CJ, Allnutt TF, Ricketts TH, Kura Y, Lamoreux JF, Wettengel WW, Hedao P, Kassem KR. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on earth. BioScience 51: 933 - 938. Doi: 10.1641 / 0006 - 3568 (2001) 051 [0933: TEOTWA] 2.0. CO; 2." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Olson
|
||
<emphasis box="[505,561,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,780,1306,1880]" lastBlockId="21.[827,1442,197,279]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">
|
||
The prevalent phytophysiognomy in Trancoso presenting a restinga and ombrophilous dense lowland forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Veloso HP & Rangel Filho ALR & Lima JCA" box="[350,549,1582,1604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" refId="ref27827" refString="Veloso HP, Rangel Filho ALR, Lima JCA. 1991. Classificacao da Vegetacao brasileira, adaptada a um sistema uniVersal. Rio de Janeiro: Ministerio da Economia, Fazenda e Planejamento, Fundacao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, Diretoria de Geociencias, Departamento de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambientais." type="book" year="1991">
|
||
Veloso
|
||
<emphasis box="[428,483,1582,1604]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rizzini CT" box="[559,708,1582,1604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" refId="ref25825" refString="Rizzini CT. 1997. Tratado de fitogeografia do Brasil: aspectos ecologicos, sociologicos e floristicos. Rio de Janeiro: Ambito Cultural." type="book" year="1997">Rizzini, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Assis MA & Prata EMB & Pedroni F & Sanchez M & Eisenlohr PV & Martins FR & Santos FAM & Tamashiro JY & Alves LF & Vieira SA & Piccolo MC & Martins SC & Camargo PB & Carmo JB & Simoes E & Martinelli LA & Joly CA" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" pagination="103 - 121" refId="ref20801" refString="Assis MA, Prata EMB, Pedroni F, Sanchez M, Eisenlohr PV, Martins FR, Santos FAM, Tamashiro JY, Alves LF, Vieira SA, Piccolo MC, Martins SC, Camargo PB, Carmo JB, Simoes E, Martinelli LA, Joly CA. 2011. Florestas de restinga e de terras baixas na planicie costeira do sudeste do Brasil: vegetacao e heterogeneidade ambiental. Biota Neotropica 11: 103 - 121. Doi: 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000200012." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Assis
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,224,1613,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with an elevational gradient ranging from sea level to
|
||
<quantity box="[364,422,1643,1665]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., with an annual average of temperature of 24.4 °C and rainfall between 1300 and
|
||
<quantity box="[279,390,1705,1727]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" unit="mm" value="1600.0">1600 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Veloso HP & Rangel Filho ALR & Lima JCA" box="[560,772,1705,1727]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" refId="ref27827" refString="Veloso HP, Rangel Filho ALR, Lima JCA. 1991. Classificacao da Vegetacao brasileira, adaptada a um sistema uniVersal. Rio de Janeiro: Ministerio da Economia, Fazenda e Planejamento, Fundacao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, Diretoria de Geociencias, Departamento de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambientais." type="book" year="1991">
|
||
Veloso
|
||
<emphasis box="[643,702,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rizzini CT" box="[163,319,1736,1758]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" refId="ref25825" refString="Rizzini CT. 1997. Tratado de fitogeografia do Brasil: aspectos ecologicos, sociologicos e floristicos. Rio de Janeiro: Ambito Cultural." type="book" year="1997">Rizzini, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Assis MA & Prata EMB & Pedroni F & Sanchez M & Eisenlohr PV & Martins FR & Santos FAM & Tamashiro JY & Alves LF & Vieira SA & Piccolo MC & Martins SC & Camargo PB & Carmo JB & Simoes E & Martinelli LA & Joly CA" box="[333,535,1736,1758]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" pagination="103 - 121" refId="ref20801" refString="Assis MA, Prata EMB, Pedroni F, Sanchez M, Eisenlohr PV, Martins FR, Santos FAM, Tamashiro JY, Alves LF, Vieira SA, Piccolo MC, Martins SC, Camargo PB, Carmo JB, Simoes E, Martinelli LA, Joly CA. 2011. Florestas de restinga e de terras baixas na planicie costeira do sudeste do Brasil: vegetacao e heterogeneidade ambiental. Biota Neotropica 11: 103 - 121. Doi: 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000200012." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Assis
|
||
<emphasis box="[404,463,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santos VDJ" box="[550,703,1736,1757]" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" refId="ref26677" refString="Santos VDJ. 2013. Restingas do estado da Bahia: riqueza, diVersidade e estrutura. Unpublished DPhil, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco." type="book" year="2013">Santos, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This region has several different levels of successional vegetation, with areas close to the sandplain with herbaceous, shrubs and arboreous forest and areas at the beginning of piedmont, with lowland forests, with medium height trees (approximately
|
||
<quantity box="[1365,1429,197,218]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
), with epiphytes and herbaceous understory (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santos VDJ" pageId="21" pageNumber="740" refId="ref26677" refString="Santos VDJ. 2013. Restingas do estado da Bahia: riqueza, diVersidade e estrutura. Unpublished DPhil, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco." type="book" year="2013">Santos, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |