231 lines
33 KiB
XML
231 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="9D583059AB63FB832DBCA601D60FB01C" ID-DOI="10.1649/072.066.0314" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10108121" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630188575749" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Rodrigues, Sérgio Roberto, Morón, Miguel Angel & Nogueira, Gerson Aler de Lima" docDate="2012" docId="03B5A30BFFA6FF95FF6CC65CAA52FBC4" docLanguage="en" docName="072.066.0314.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 66 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/072.066.0314" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Pelidnota fulva Blanchard 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="269" masterDocId="FF8CDB73FFA7FF96FF9BC407A909FFFA" masterDocTitle="Description of the Third Instar ofPelidnota fulvaBlanchard, 1850 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="266" pageNumber="267" updateTime="1699644025712" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="14B9395F91DB3859737324A5EA7701A6">Description of the Third Instar ofPelidnota fulvaBlanchard, 1850 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27E1C11DAC738B7016F0D0D7A4C58F90">Rodrigues, Sérgio Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="218805E6CF4CF6365B16C7E10CA7E4AE">Morón, Miguel Angel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3107AD6D63101CA5228BFBC967E98A84">Nogueira, Gerson Aler de Lima</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C6EB890D3F3E71C9924A97E6E5723A38">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A977EB9E6F9D2108B60759465805FF76">
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<mods:date id="5D8A4FB254BED0A47D33EED61E4E4803">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A2C0BD5EE2BC79F0F980C81C8CF2D75E">2012-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="983134366C3169276675832ED5D4E002">66</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="041604F2937EBC88D54C54DFA532724B" type="DOI">10.1649/072.066.0314</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="12C648A13D098B854E51F41A459C1E39" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B5A30BFFA6FF95FF6CC65CAA52FBC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5A30BFFA6FF95FF6CC65CAA52FBC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5A30BFFA6FF95FF6CC65CAA52FBC4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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<subSubSection id="C3064196FFA6FF97FF6CC65CA8D2FD5F" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA6FF97FF6CC65CA8D2FD5F" blockId="1.[247,585,603,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FF6CC65CAB40FD8A" bold="true" box="[247,585,603,624]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA6FF97FF6CC65CAB4DFD8A" authority="Blanchard, 1850" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1850" box="[247,580,603,624]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pelidnota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
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<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FF6CC65CA887FD8A" bold="true" box="[247,398,603,624]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Pelidnota fulva</emphasis>
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Blanchard, 1850
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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third instar (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA6FF97FEF0C697A8DDFD5F" box="[363,468,656,678]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStartId-0="1.[197,237,1662,1681]" captionStartId-1="2.[175,215,988,1007]" captionStartId-2="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1175,928,1629]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1160,192,965]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1157,1172,1664]" captionTargetId-0="figure-350@1.[173,1193,914,1639]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@2.[151,1171,183,975]" captionTargetId-2="figure-42@2.[151,1171,1168,1724]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Figs. 1–5. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 1) Larva, lateral view; 2) Head, frontal view; 3) Hypopharynx; 4) Right mandible, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 5) Left mandible, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view. Fig. 1 scale bar = 2 mm; scale bars in other figures = 1 mm." captionText-1="Figs. 6–10. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 6) Left maxilla, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view; 7) Right maxilla, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 8) Hypopharynx; 9) Antenna, dorsal view; 10) Prothoracic spiracle. Scale = 1 mm." captionText-2="Figs. 11–12. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 11) Left legs, a) prothoracic, b) mesothoracic, c) metathoracic; 12) Raster. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108123" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108125" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108127" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10108123/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10108125/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10108127/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Figs. 1–12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3064196FFA6FF97FF5EC6BCAB1CFCFF" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA6FF97FF5EC6BCAB1CFCFF" blockId="1.[173,659,699,826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FF5EC6BCA89AFD2A" bold="true" box="[197,403,699,720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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Three larvae reared from eggs obtained from adults collected at Aquidauana,
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<collectingRegion id="49D8DCFFFFA6FF97FF36C6F7A87DFCFF" box="[173,372,752,773]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30B528DFFA6FF97FEE4C6F7A8B1FCFF" box="[383,440,752,773]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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by SRR.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3064196FFA6FF95FF5EC70DAA52FBC4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA6FF97FF5EC70DAB9AFCC0" blockId="1.[173,659,699,826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FF5EC70DA848FCE5" bold="true" box="[197,321,778,799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Description.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA6FF97FE3BC70DAB1AFCE5" box="[416,531,778,800]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="54.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="54.0">54–55 mm</quantity>
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. Color light gray becoming white when reaching the prepupal
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA6FF95FD58C4C5AA15FDD1" blockId="1.[707,1194,194,826]" lastBlockId="3.[707,1193,508,1086]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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stage (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA6FF97FC9BC4C5AA31FF2D" box="[768,824,194,215]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[197,237,1662,1681]" captionTargetBox="[180,1175,928,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-350@1.[173,1193,914,1639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 1) Larva, lateral view; 2) Head, frontal view; 3) Hypopharynx; 4) Right mandible, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 5) Left mandible, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view. Fig. 1 scale bar = 2 mm; scale bars in other figures = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108123/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FCD7C4C5AA8BFF2D" bold="true" box="[844,898,194,215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Head</emphasis>
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: Hypognathous. Cephalic capsule
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<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA6FF97FD6AC4DAAA4EFF08" box="[753,839,221,242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="6.54">6.54 mm</quantity>
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wide (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA6FF97FC17C4DAAAC1FF08" box="[908,968,221,242]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[197,237,1662,1681]" captionTargetBox="[180,1175,928,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-350@1.[173,1193,914,1639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 1) Larva, lateral view; 2) Head, frontal view; 3) Hypopharynx; 4) Right mandible, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 5) Left mandible, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view. Fig. 1 scale bar = 2 mm; scale bars in other figures = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108123/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Epicranial suture and inner frontal suture present. Surface of cranium slightly reticulated with sparse setae, setae predominantly brown. Row of 6 small setae next to epicranial suture laterad frontal suture. Anterior frontal region with 4 setae; posterior frontal region with 3 setae on each side, 2 exterior frontal setae and 2 angular anterior frontal setae on each side. Stemmata absent. Five basal antennal setae on each side. Postclypeal surface with 2 setae on each side and 2 anterior central setae. Labrum with 6 posterior labral setae and 7–9 posterolateral labral setae on each side; anterior margin of labrum with 30 setae (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA6FF97FCB1C631AA64FDB1" box="[810,877,566,587]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[197,237,1662,1681]" captionTargetBox="[180,1175,928,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-350@1.[173,1193,914,1639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 1) Larva, lateral view; 2) Head, frontal view; 3) Hypopharynx; 4) Right mandible, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 5) Left mandible, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view. Fig. 1 scale bar = 2 mm; scale bars in other figures = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108123/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Epipharynx wider than long (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA6FF97FD51C656AA05FD9C" box="[714,780,593,614]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[197,237,1662,1681]" captionTargetBox="[180,1175,928,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-350@1.[173,1193,914,1639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 1) Larva, lateral view; 2) Head, frontal view; 3) Hypopharynx; 4) Right mandible, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 5) Left mandible, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view. Fig. 1 scale bar = 2 mm; scale bars in other figures = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108123/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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); right acanthoparia with 12 setae; left acanthoparia with 10 setae; haptomeral process with distal projection, 4 rows of setae, and each row with 6–9 setae; zygum absent; plegmata and proplegmata absent; acroparia with 4 thick setae; gymnoparia narrow; chaetoparia well-developed, with more stout setae along the margins at middle, with 92 setae at left and with 52 setae at right; pedium longer than wide; dexiotorma narrow, elongate; laeotorma with highly sclerotized pternotormal process, shorter than dexiotorma; apotormal process absent; nesium absent; sensorial cone present. Mandibles strongly sclerotized; right mandible (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA4FF95FE26C515A8F3FEDD" box="[445,506,274,295]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[197,237,1662,1681]" captionTargetBox="[180,1175,928,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-350@1.[173,1193,914,1639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 1) Larva, lateral view; 2) Head, frontal view; 3) Hypopharynx; 4) Right mandible, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 5) Left mandible, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view. Fig. 1 scale bar = 2 mm; scale bars in other figures = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108123/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) with scissorial region with 1 tooth (S1 + S2 fused) separated from S3 by scissorial notch, scrobe with 11 setae, dorsomolar surface with 12 setae, dorsal surface with 2 long setae below base of S3, brustia with 3 setae, preartis concave, ventral mandible with a wellmarked stridulatory area with about 22 narrowly separated, subparallel ridges, ventral process present, ventral molar area with 11 setae, calx welldeveloped with 9 basolateral setae basolateral; left mandible (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA4FF95FE89C61CA842FDCA" box="[274,331,539,560]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[197,237,1662,1681]" captionTargetBox="[180,1175,928,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-350@1.[173,1193,914,1639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 1) Larva, lateral view; 2) Head, frontal view; 3) Hypopharynx; 4) Right mandible, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 5) Left mandible, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view. Fig. 1 scale bar = 2 mm; scale bars in other figures = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108123/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) with scissorial area with 2 apical teeth separated by scissorial notch, scrobis with 12 setae, acia well-developed, dorsomolar surface with 8 setae; ventral surface with stridulatory area with about 24 narrowly separated, subparallel ridges, ventral process large and rounded, brustia with 8 setae, molar lobe well-developed. Maxilla with galea and lacinia fused; galea with apical uncus and many thick, slender setae on dorsal and ventral regions; lacinia with apical uncus and various long, thick, dorsal and ventral heli; stipes with numerous long, ventral setae, and dorsal region with shorter setae; maxillary stridulatory area with row of 13 acute denticles, anterior denticles wider; maxillary palps 4-segmented (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA4FF95FEA9C788A8BCFC5E" box="[306,437,911,932]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,988,1007]" captionTargetBox="[191,1160,192,965]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[151,1171,183,975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 6–10. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 6) Left maxilla, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view; 7) Right maxilla, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 8) Hypopharynx; 9) Antenna, dorsal view; 10) Prothoracic spiracle. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Figs. 6 and 7</figureCitation>
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). Labium with 17 long setae and 40 short setae on glossa; hypopharyngeal sclerome asymmetrical, strongly developed on right side; left lateral lobe with 23 setae and right lateral lobe with 7 setae (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA4FF95FEFEC7FDA8A8FBF5" box="[357,417,1018,1039]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,988,1007]" captionTargetBox="[191,1160,192,965]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[151,1171,183,975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 6–10. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 6) Left maxilla, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view; 7) Right maxilla, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 8) Hypopharynx; 9) Antenna, dorsal view; 10) Prothoracic spiracle. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). Antenna with antennomeres 1–2 long, second antennomere more dilated at the apex; antennomere 3 with small, ventral projection; antennomere 4 short, with 8 sensorial areas, 4 dorsal and 4 ventral (
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<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA4FF95FE14C063A8C2FB83" box="[399,459,1124,1145]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,988,1007]" captionTargetBox="[191,1160,192,965]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[151,1171,183,975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 6–10. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 6) Left maxilla, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view; 7) Right maxilla, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 8) Hypopharynx; 9) Antenna, dorsal view; 10) Prothoracic spiracle. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA4FF95FE45C063AB21FB83" bold="true" box="[478,552,1124,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Pronotum formed by a single lobe, meso- and metanotum with 3 lobes. Thoracic segments with several small dorsal and lateral setae. Prothoracic spiracle C-shaped,
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<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FECEC0C9A896FB19" box="[341,415,1230,1251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
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long, 1.0 mm in wide, in reverse position of the abdominal spiracles; respiratory plate with about 28 irregularly margined holes across diameter at middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA4FF95FE26C119AB00FAC9" box="[445,521,1310,1331]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,988,1007]" captionTargetBox="[191,1160,192,965]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[151,1171,183,975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 6–10. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 6) Left maxilla, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view; 7) Right maxilla, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 8) Hypopharynx; 9) Antenna, dorsal view; 10) Prothoracic spiracle. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108125/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral prothoracic sclerotization evident, irregularly shaped, longer than wide. Anterior and middle legs slightly smaller than posterior legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA4FF95FE33C169A8E3FA79" box="[424,490,1390,1411]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[167,1157,1172,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-42@2.[151,1171,1168,1724]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 11–12. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 11) Left legs, a) prothoracic, b) mesothoracic, c) metathoracic; 12) Raster. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108127/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
); coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsus with stout setae; all tarsunguli similar in size, anterior
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FE31C1A4AB0FFA42" box="[426,518,1443,1464]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, middle
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FF36C1BAA80AFA28" box="[173,259,1469,1490]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and posterior
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FE16C1BAA8EAFA28" box="[397,483,1469,1490]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
, each with 2 setae, 1 apical and 1 medial.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA4FF95FE17C1DFA8E6FA17" bold="true" box="[396,495,1496,1517]" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Ten-segmented. Spiracles I, II, IV, and VIII similar in size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FDD2C1F5AB9AF9FD" box="[585,659,1522,1543]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FF7BC20AA82EF9D8" box="[224,295,1549,1570]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide); spiracles V, VI, and VII (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FDD7C20AAB9BF9D8" box="[588,658,1549,1570]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FF79C220A822F9C6" box="[226,299,1575,1596]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) slightly smaller than spiracles I, II, IV and VIII; spiracles III (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FE5AC245AB05F9AD" box="[449,524,1602,1623]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE4BFF8FFA4FF95FDD1C245AB9AF9AD" box="[586,659,1602,1623]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) smaller than other spiracles. Spiracles surrounded by 2–11 setae (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69E27A6FFA4FF95FE07C270A8EFF976" box="[412,486,1655,1676]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[731,781,193,212]" captionText="Table 1. Number of setae around the abdominal spiracles of Pelidnota fulva." pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA4FF95FE66C270AB48F976" bold="true" box="[509,577,1655,1676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Raster</emphasis>
|
||
: Palidia absent, with teges formed by about 26–27 short and medium sized setae mixed. Lower anal lip with 45 short, spine-like setae and 42 slender, long setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13270E98FFA4FF95FD52C611AA19FDD1" box="[713,784,534,555]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[167,1157,1172,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-42@2.[151,1171,1168,1724]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 11–12. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 11) Left legs, a) prothoracic, b) mesothoracic, c) metathoracic; 12) Raster. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108127/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF634295FFA6FF97FF5EC279A8D6F93B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108123" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10108123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108123/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" startId="1.[197,237,1662,1681]" targetBox="[180,1175,928,1629]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA6FF97FF5EC279A8D6F93B" blockId="1.[173,1194,1662,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FF5EC279A828F96B" bold="true" box="[197,289,1662,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Figs. 1–5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA6FF97FEADC279A8B0F96B" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1850" box="[310,441,1662,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pelidnota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FEADC279A8B0F96B" box="[310,441,1662,1681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Pelidnota fulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third instar.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FDB4C279AB4AF96B" bold="true" box="[559,579,1662,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">1)</emphasis>
|
||
Larva, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FD62C279AA04F96B" bold="true" box="[761,781,1662,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">2)</emphasis>
|
||
Head, frontal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FC58C279AADFF96B" bold="true" box="[963,982,1662,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">3)</emphasis>
|
||
Hypopharynx;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FBC4C279AD7BF96B" bold="true" box="[1119,1138,1662,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">4)</emphasis>
|
||
Right mandible, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA6FF97FD86C291AB39F953" bold="true" box="[541,560,1686,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">5)</emphasis>
|
||
Left mandible, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view. Fig. 1 scale bar = 2 mm; scale bars in other figures = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF634295FFA5FF94FF34C7DBAD23FBFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10108125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108125/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" startId="2.[175,215,988,1007]" targetBox="[191,1160,192,965]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA5FF94FF34C7DBAD23FBFD" blockId="2.[151,1171,988,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FF34C7DBA81AFC15" bold="true" box="[175,275,988,1007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Figs. 6–10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA5FF94FEB2C7DBA8A3FC15" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1850" box="[297,426,988,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pelidnota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FEB2C7DBA8A3FC15" box="[297,426,988,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Pelidnota fulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third instar.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FD81C7DBAB24FC15" bold="true" box="[538,557,988,1007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">6)</emphasis>
|
||
Left maxilla, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FC35C7DBAAC8FC15" bold="true" box="[942,961,988,1007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">7)</emphasis>
|
||
Right maxilla, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FECFC7F3A861FBFD" bold="true" box="[340,360,1012,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">8)</emphasis>
|
||
Hypopharynx;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FE6BC7F3AB0AFBFD" bold="true" box="[496,515,1012,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">9)</emphasis>
|
||
Antenna, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FD54C7F3ABE4FBFD" bold="true" box="[719,749,1012,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">10)</emphasis>
|
||
Prothoracic spiracle. Scale = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF634295FFA5FF94FF34C291A811F93B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108127" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10108127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108127/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" startId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" targetBox="[167,1157,1172,1664]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA5FF94FF34C291AD9CF953" blockId="2.[151,1173,1686,1729]" box="[175,1173,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FF34C291A815F953" bold="true" box="[175,284,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Figs. 11–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA5FF94FEA9C291A8BAF953" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1850" box="[306,435,1686,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pelidnota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FEA9C291A8BAF953" box="[306,435,1686,1705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Pelidnota fulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third instar.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FDB8C291AB37F953" bold="true" box="[547,574,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">11)</emphasis>
|
||
Left legs, a) prothoracic, b) mesothoracic, c) metathoracic;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA5FF94FBADC291AD5CF953" bold="true" box="[1078,1109,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">12)</emphasis>
|
||
Raster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA5FF94FF0CC2A9A811F93B" blockId="2.[151,1173,1686,1729]" box="[151,280,1710,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Scale = 1 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF634295FFA4FF95FD40C4C6AABDFF16" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" startId="3.[731,781,193,212]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA4FF95FD40C4C6AABDFF16" blockId="3.[707,1193,193,236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA4FF95FD40C4C6AA21FF2E" bold="true" box="[731,808,193,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Number of setae around the abdominal spiracles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA4FF95FCB7C4DEAAA6FF16" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1850" box="[812,943,217,236]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pelidnota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA4FF95FCB7C4DEAAA6FF16" box="[812,943,217,236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Pelidnota fulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3121DFFA4FF95FD40C636AA52FBC4" blockId="3.[707,1193,508,1086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D6FECFFA4FF95FD40C636AA61FDBC" author="Ritcher" box="[731,872,561,582]" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" refId="ref2735" refString="Ritcher, P. O. 1966. White Grubs and their Allies. A Study of North American Scarabaeoid Larvae. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR." type="book" year="1966">Ritcher (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Jameson and Morón (2001) characterized the larvae of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA4FF95FBA0C64CAD82FD9A" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" box="[1083,1163,587,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" rank="tribe" tribe="Rutelini">Rutelini</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having: stipes of the maxilla with a dorsal row of 5–14 sharp, conical, or recurved stridulatory teeth and with an anterior process; lacinia with 1–2 unci; epipharynx with haptomerum mound-like or beaklike and with a group of 15 or more spine-like setae; epipharynx with one or two nesia present; proplegmata absent; plegmata present or absent; dorsal surface of last antennal segment with two or more dorsal sensory spots; raster with or without palidia; and palidia polystichous. The third instar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA4FF95FD7AC768AA23FC7E" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1850" box="[737,810,879,900]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pelidnota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA4FF95FD7AC768AA23FC7E" box="[737,810,879,900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">P. fulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from larvae of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA4FF95FCB4C78DAA82FC65" box="[815,907,906,927]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pelidnota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA4FF95FCB4C78DAA82FC65" box="[815,907,906,927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">Pelidnota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the acroparia of the epipharynx with four thick, spine-like setae, three irregular rows of heli, and the acanthoparia formed by 10–12 short, thick, curved setae. The cranium has four anterofrontal setae and six dorsoepicranial setae. However, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA4FF95FC2AC009AD11FBD9" box="[945,1048,1038,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pelidnota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA4FF95FC2AC009AD11FBD9" box="[945,1048,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">P. virescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C699EFFA4FF95FBDFC009ADA0FBD9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1092,1193,1038,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pelidnota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968CE0FFFA4FF95FBDFC009ADA0FBD9" box="[1092,1193,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="269">P. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |