348 lines
43 KiB
XML
348 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="7E8D3ED0DA4B5AB8C35C1C17A3F7E7B7" ID-CLB-Dataset="27692" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9a6e20a7-1a82-439c-bf30-07a892b110ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2618013" ID-ZooBank="EDFF0523-01DE-4F51-8499-ED82437EB049" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553928709239" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Acevedo, Melissa J., Straehler-Pohl, Ilka, Morandini, André C., Stampar, Sergio N., Bentlage, Bastian, Matsumoto, George I., Yanagihara, Angel, Toshino, Sho, Bordehore, César & Fuentes, Verónica L." docDate="2019" docId="03B45208FFE0F00114B9FC78DDCA9BCF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4543.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4543 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Carybdea rastonii Haacke 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="534" masterDocId="FF8D2A70FFEEF012142EFA33DF2B986A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="515" pageNumber="529" updateTime="1698715523599" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1D24B7F47E313CC9CA10B3287C8D95B2">Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1BA46857467DA296A82C85EEA38CD78D">Acevedo, Melissa J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C34E26C1558B3AD5F2C9C240ADAAE03D">Straehler-Pohl, Ilka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D9CAC31B5B6F530570EC0D5CC3E7EFE">Morandini, André C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9E718E89ED2EE02FC26B1C63BBEE315A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="42857D033FFD5D8D2997AA86252CD314">Stampar, Sergio N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93F2D115FE7A25FA8E888096A2FE42DF">Bentlage, Bastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="960D065E3225F20986FA10AB2482F180">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B62034E653E291A66E926DF0DA0263EC">Matsumoto, George I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="350D63BB67FA40CCB8FCE167825D5409">Yanagihara, Angel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B0EB6001DC9A5433F03CF7BAA346A149">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="46E1DABF5914DDAA72B2F0FF072D0353">Toshino, Sho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB5BA527B2882A7112498629AA9DEF4E">Bordehore, César</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A836E150A82BF037A90DD306BF01CEF0">Fuentes, Verónica L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BFBE6BDEF5A2DBE65797E94B030500B5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B2987EE696D04EE9590C90AC74F0AFB8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1974037A00A462B83D78816116381995">
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<mods:date id="DCC2079150B7F5B20DF550412AD767A1">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D578B60349BBEE3E981B8665BE5F03C0">2019-01-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9B71A4C3CEF235F88802FC7E30085AA7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="56341718D25D934D51136302C8D31D89">4543</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="0E5155F72D77CE5741EA6774789D8B4A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C50BB752851E8FA8BFE4D9F0C6BB20CB">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="36A8847C7F921EFE06C1E56D36C492D2">515</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="ED32AEB939A453799173DFFC4A68C84E">548</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0F2B152E559481466AF0A8C87FFFB05A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1F18C909EDDBA440369616D52D6C93A8" type="CLB-Dataset">27692</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E70617316B8249A5EBEBC4221C699B34" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F78E88548E894E97C070F90E7EA6A035" type="GBIF-Dataset">9a6e20a7-1a82-439c-bf30-07a892b110ef</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="98C565CBA49971D71EAF6A61C4D390BF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AB8AD276EB8941AA65906934739F4F18" type="Zenodo-Dep">2618013</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9CD888EF92595B1BC2470A3B9B17E21D" type="ZooBank">EDFF0523-01DE-4F51-8499-ED82437EB049</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B45208FFE0F00114B9FC78DDCA9BCF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5943459" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5943459" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFE0F00114B9FC78DDCA9BCF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B45208FFE0F00114B9FC78DDCA9BCF" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE0F01C14B9FC78DD359E0C" box="[151,542,1611,1638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE0F01C14B9FC78DD359E0C" blockId="14.[151,542,1611,1671]" box="[151,542,1611,1638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">
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<heading id="D0EA5472FFE0F01C14B9FC78DD359E0C" bold="true" box="[151,542,1611,1638]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE0F01C14B9FC78DD359E0C" ID-CoL="RHX9" authority="Haacke, 1886" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,542,1611,1638]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE0F01C14B9FC78DD359E0C" bold="true" box="[151,542,1611,1638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE0F01C14B9FC78DE449E0F" bold="true" box="[151,367,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">Carybdea rastonii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE0F01C1558FC7FDD359E0C" author="Haacke, W." box="[374,542,1612,1638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" pagination="588 - 638" refId="ref19259" refString="Haacke, W. (1886) Die Scyphomedusen des St. Vincent Golfes. In: Verlag von Gustav Fischer (Ed.), Jenaische Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, 20, pp. 588 - 638." type="journal article" year="1886">Haacke, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE0F01C14B9FC5DDE219EED" box="[151,266,1646,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE0F01C14B9FC5DDE219EED" blockId="14.[151,542,1611,1671]" box="[151,266,1646,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">
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||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE0F01C14B9FC5DDFCA9EED" box="[151,225,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1386,1408]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Characters for identification in species of the family Carybdeidae (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. brevipedalia: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) linear gastric phacellus C) gastric filament, note long stem (arrow) D) peaked (arrow) pedalial canal knee bend E) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots. C. rastonii: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) linear gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend I) octant of velarium, note two broad, blunt tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618019/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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F–I
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE0F01C14B9FC82DD779F66" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE0F01C14B9FC82DD779F66" blockId="14.[151,1436,1713,2038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE0F01C14B9FC82DEA99EA0" bold="true" box="[151,386,1713,1738]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">Material examined:</emphasis>
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One (1) unregistered, preserved specimen, from Mirimbula (
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<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE0F01C1003FC82DBA79EA0" box="[1069,1164,1713,1738]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE0F01C10B9FC82DA299EA0" box="[1175,1282,1713,1738]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">Australia</collectingCountry>
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), collected by G. Hood, March
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<materialsCitation id="3B75E943FFE0F01C154DFCE0DD739F66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524978" collectingDate="1999-02" collectorName="J. Seymour" location="Waterloo Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
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0 3, 2000; One (1) unregistered, preserved specimen, from
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<location id="8EC2B5C5FFE0F01C100FFCE1DBEA9E81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFE0F00114B9FC78DDCA9BCF:8EC2B5C5FFE0F01C100FFCE1DBEA9E81" box="[1057,1217,1746,1771]" name="Waterloo Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="South Australia">Waterloo Bay</location>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFE0F01C10FBFCE1DABB9E81" box="[1237,1424,1746,1771]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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), collected by
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<collectorName id="26E886C8FFE0F01C1508FCC6DE8D9F66" box="[294,422,1780,1804]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">J. Seymour</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE0F01C159FFCC7DD739F66" box="[433,600,1780,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" value="1999-02">
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<collectingDate id="EFE73C36FFE0F01C159FFCC7DD739F66" box="[433,600,1780,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" value="1999-02">February 1999</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE0F01C14E9FD26DCE79F25" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE0F01C14E9FD26DCE79F25" blockId="14.[151,1436,1713,2038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE0F01C14E9FD26DE119F44" bold="true" box="[199,314,1813,1838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Gastric phacellae horizontal linear, gastric filaments with multiple roots, short stemmed; velarial canals 2 per octant, triforked; pedalial knee bend rounded, no appendage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE0F00114E9FD64DA669A72" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE0F01C14E9FD64DA699F9C" blockId="14.[151,1436,1713,2038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">
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||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE0F01C14E9FD64DE7C9F1A" bold="true" box="[199,343,1879,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">Description:</emphasis>
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Adult medusa: Bell (
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<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE0F01C1664FD64DDB49F1A" box="[586,671,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1386,1408]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Characters for identification in species of the family Carybdeidae (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. brevipedalia: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) linear gastric phacellus C) gastric filament, note long stem (arrow) D) peaked (arrow) pedalial canal knee bend E) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots. C. rastonii: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) linear gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend I) octant of velarium, note two broad, blunt tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618019/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="529">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
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), highly transparent, colourless, slightly higher than wide, cuboid to almost cubical in shape, regularly scattered with colourless, nematocyst warts, from apex to bell margin, more dense on the bell sides than on the bell edges; nematocysts roundish to oval with different diameters, largest approx.
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<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE0F01C1167FDA9DAB79FD8" box="[1353,1436,1946,1971]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, velarium without nematocyst warts; apex plane to round convex, mesoglea thick, slight horizontal constriction near the top present. Bell height
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<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE0F01C16ACFDEEDDD39F9F" box="[642,760,2013,2038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 mm</quantity>
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high, bell width
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<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE0F01C179FFDEDDB039F9F" box="[945,1064,2014,2038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 mm</quantity>
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(interrhopalial diameter).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF62B396FFE1F01D14B9FD64DC979F82" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618021/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="530" startId="15.[151,250,1879,1901]" targetBox="[393,1253,202,1819]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE1F01D14B9FD64DC979F82" blockId="15.[151,1436,1879,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="530">
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||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE1F01D14B9FD64DE399F07" bold="true" box="[151,274,1879,1901]" pageId="15" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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Schematic drawing of anatomical characters and standard measurements used (following Gershwin 2005a,b, 2006; Straehler-Pohl 2014); A) lateral view and B) subumbrella view. Gastric filaments (GF); bell (B); gonads (Go); rhopalial niche (RhN); pedalium (P); pedalial canal (PC); outer pedalial wing (oPW); inner pedalial wing (iPW); tentacle (T); bell height (BH); interrhopalial width (IRW); diagonal bell width (DBW); interpedalial diameter (IPD); interrhopalial diameter (IRD); velarial canal (VC); velarium (V); manubrium (M); stomach (Sto); mesenterium (Mes).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF62B396FFFEF00214B9FD75DE109FD2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618023/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="531" startId="16.[151,250,1862,1884]" targetBox="[168,1417,195,1820]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFEF00214B9FD75DE109FD2" blockId="16.[151,1437,1862,1976]" pageId="16" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFEF00214B9FD75DE3E9F36" bold="true" box="[151,277,1862,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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General aspects of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFEF00215CBFD74DD579F36" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[485,636,1862,1884]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="531" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFEF00215CBFD74DD579F36" box="[485,636,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="531">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFEF00217D2FDB7DBBA9FF0" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[1020,1169,1924,1946]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="531" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFEF00217D2FDB7DBBA9FF0" box="[1020,1169,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="531">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF62B396FFFFF00314B9FC85DD969F42" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="532" startId="17.[151,250,1718,1740]" targetBox="[151,1435,195,1694]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFFF00314B9FC85DD969F42" blockId="17.[151,1436,1718,1832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFFF00314B9FC85DE399EA6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1718,1740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Developmental stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFFF0031637FC84DD849EA6" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[537,687,1718,1740]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="532" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFFF0031637FC84DD849EA6" box="[537,687,1718,1740]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="532">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(preserved specimens): A) oral view, stage A, short tentacle (solid arrow) and rhopalium (dashed arrow) B) stage B starting the development of pedalia C) stage C with gastric phacellae completely developed D) stage D start the development of velarial canals E) stage E appearance of gonadal tissue F) adult stage F with ripe male gonads. Photographer: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFFF00014E9FD4ADBA4992A" blockId="17.[151,1436,1913,2010]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="17" pageNumber="532">
|
||
Pedalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFFFF0031500FD4ADEA69FFB" box="[302,397,1913,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1386,1408]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Characters for identification in species of the family Carybdeidae (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. brevipedalia: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) linear gastric phacellus C) gastric filament, note long stem (arrow) D) peaked (arrow) pedalial canal knee bend E) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots. C. rastonii: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) linear gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend I) octant of velarium, note two broad, blunt tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618019/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="532">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
), 4, simple, unbranched flattened, scalpel-shaped, approx. 1/3–1/2 bell height in length, situated in each interradial corner; outer wing scattered with large, white to light brown nematocyst warts or bands of nematocysts (approx.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFFFF003159FFDF2DD229FB3" box="[433,521,1985,2010]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length) covering the outer keel of the pedalia; inner wing free of nematocyst warts; pedalia carrying single, white to flesh coloured tentacles in preserved specimens, in living specimens pale pink to brownish when contracted, resembling bead-chain when relaxed with white nematocyst-battery rings on a pale pink tentacle “string”. Pedalial canal slightly tapering at upper end, rounded knee bend without any hook or thorn appended, going straight through the pedalium, diamond-shaped in cross-section with sharp outer keels at proximal end up to velarium level then turning circular in cross-section towards distal end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF62B396FFFCF00014B9FCDBDA7E9F51" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618027/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="533" startId="18.[151,250,1768,1790]" targetBox="[151,1435,351,1743]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFCF00014B9FCDBDA7E9F51" blockId="18.[151,1436,1768,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFCF00014B9FCDBDE389E94" bold="true" box="[151,275,1768,1790]" pageId="18" pageNumber="533">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison between smaller stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFCF0001682FCDADC699E94" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[684,834,1768,1790]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="533" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFCF0001682FCDADC699E94" box="[684,834,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="533">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(left column) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFCF000102CFCDADBBF9E94" box="[1026,1172,1769,1790]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="533" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFCF000102CFCDADBBF9E94" box="[1026,1172,1769,1790]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="533">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(right column): A and B) general view of the small cubomedusae, 4 tentacles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFCF0001692FD34DC7B9F76" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[700,848,1798,1820]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="533" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFCF0001692FD34DC7B9F76" box="[700,848,1798,1820]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="533">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 2 tentacles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFCF0001022FD34DBB79F77" box="[1036,1180,1799,1821]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="533" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFCF0001022FD34DBB79F77" box="[1036,1180,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="533">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; C and D) comparison of the tentacles; E and F) detail of the rhopaliar niche. Photographs taken of live specimens (with exception of E): E. Obis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFCF00014E9FDBFDC339F86" blockId="18.[151,1436,1932,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="533">Rhopalia, 4, located inside heart-shaped rhopalial niche ostium, with triangular covering scale; few small, round nematocyst warts on scale; approx. 1/6 to 1/5 of bell height up from margin; rhopalium with 6 eyes (2 median lens eyes + 2 lateral slit eyes + 2 lateral pit eyes).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFDF00114E9FAA4DC3B9892" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Velarium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFFDF0011512FAA4DEA298DA" box="[316,393,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1386,1408]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Characters for identification in species of the family Carybdeidae (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. brevipedalia: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) linear gastric phacellus C) gastric filament, note long stem (arrow) D) peaked (arrow) pedalial canal knee bend E) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots. C. rastonii: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) linear gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend I) octant of velarium, note two broad, blunt tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618019/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFFDF001155EFAABDEA298DA" box="[368,393,152,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">3I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), free of nematocyst warts, containing 2 velarial canal roots per octant, canals broad in width, main canal tri-forked, square tipped, side branches sometimes bi-forked; canals flanking frenulum slightly smaller than canals flanking pedalia, all canals equally complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFDF00114E9FB37DEE0990F" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Manubrium (1/2 to 3/4 of bell height in length), 4 lobes, cruciform with long, straight and blunt mouth arms,, without nematocyst warts, connected to large stomach; stomach communicates perradially with 4 gastric pockets leading into velarial canals.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFDF00114E9FB5CDB6F99C7" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Gastric phacellae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFFDF001158BFB5CDD2E99E2" box="[421,517,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1386,1408]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Characters for identification in species of the family Carybdeidae (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. brevipedalia: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) linear gastric phacellus C) gastric filament, note long stem (arrow) D) peaked (arrow) pedalial canal knee bend E) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots. C. rastonii: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) linear gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend I) octant of velarium, note two broad, blunt tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618019/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
), pale pink to brownish coloured, 4, horizontal rows, in 4 stomach corners, consisting of ca. 12–15 single, short-stemmed, brush shaped filaments per quadrant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFDF00114E9FB84DA669A72" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Gonads, 4 pairs narrow leaf-like- to blunt spear-head-shaped, separated by interradial septum, extending from stomach rim to bell margin, tapering towards stomach rim, tapering at rhopalia level, and broadening again towards bell margin; sexes separated but unimorph; ripe gonads yellowish to flesh coloured in preserved specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFFDF00114E9F817DDCA9BCF" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFDF00114E9F817DB469BEA" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF00114E9F817DE169A57" bold="true" box="[199,317,548,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF001156BF817DEC09A57" author="Haacke, W." box="[325,491,548,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="588 - 638" refId="ref19259" refString="Haacke, W. (1886) Die Scyphomedusen des St. Vincent Golfes. In: Verlag von Gustav Fischer (Ed.), Jenaische Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, 20, pp. 588 - 638." type="journal article" year="1886">Haacke (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave a detailed description of a species that he had sampled in St. Vincents Gulf in Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF0011525F874DE599A0A" box="[267,370,583,608]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and which he named
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF00116A0F87BDC3E9A0A" box="[654,789,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF00116A0F87BDC399A0A" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[654,786,584,608]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">C. rastonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Later, the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF001102BF87BDA179A0A" authority=", Maas 1897" authorityName=", Maas" authorityYear="1897" box="[1029,1340,583,608]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF001102BF87BDB899A0A" box="[1029,1186,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">C. arborifera</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF0011096F87BDA179A0A" author="Maas, O." box="[1208,1340,584,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref20292" refString="Maas, O. (1897) XXI. Die Medusen-Reports on an exploration off the West Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Comission Steamer " Albatross " during 1891, Lieutenant Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 23 (1), 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1897">Maas 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF00111ACF87BDEDF9AEE" authority=", Kishinouye 1891" authorityName=", Kishinouye" authorityYear="1891" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevipedalia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF00111ACF87BDE089AEF" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">C. brevipedalia</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF001151DF85FDEDF9AEE" author="Kishinouye, K." box="[307,500,620,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="36 - 45" refId="ref19690" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1891) Zwei neue Medusen von Charybdea (Ch. brevipedalia n. sp., Ch. latigenitalia n. sp.). The monthly publication of the Zoological Society of Japan, 3, 36 - 45." type="journal article" year="1891">Kishinouye 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reclassified as “geographic races” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF00117E4F85FDB479AEE" author="Bigelow, H. B." box="[970,1132,620,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 243" refId="ref17344" refString="Bigelow, H. B. (1909) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross " from Oct. 1904 to March 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., commanding, XVI. The Medusae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 1 - 243." type="journal article" year="1909">Bigelow 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or local varieties (“lokale Varietäten”) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF0011500F8A3DE849AC2" author="Maas, O." box="[302,431,656,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref20292" refString="Maas, O. (1897) XXI. Die Medusen-Reports on an exploration off the West Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Comission Steamer " Albatross " during 1891, Lieutenant Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 23 (1), 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1897">Maas 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF0011595F8A3DEDF9AC2" author="Maas, O." box="[443,500,656,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref20405" refString="Maas, O. (1910) Japanische Medusen-Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der II. Klasse der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1 (8), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of the same species and synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF0011781F8A3DB039AC2" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[943,1064,656,680]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF0011781F8A3DB039AC2" box="[943,1064,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF0011016F8A3DB939AC2" author="Maas, O." box="[1080,1208,656,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref20382" refString="Maas, O. (1903) Die Scyphomedusen der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie, 11 (10), 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1903">Maas 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF00110EBF8A3DA2B9AC2" author="Maas, O." box="[1221,1280,656,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref20405" refString="Maas, O. (1910) Japanische Medusen-Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der II. Klasse der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1 (8), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF0011122F8A3DAB39AC2" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[1292,1432,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="1131 - 1143" refId="ref20613" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1906) Medusae of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the Steamer Albatross in 1902. U. S. Fish Commission Bulletin for 1903, 3, 1131 - 1143." type="journal article" year="1906">Mayer 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF00114B9F887DFF89AA6" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[151,211,692,716]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="499 - 735" refId="ref20651" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) The Scyphomedusae. In: The Medusae of the World. Vol. III. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 109 (3), 499 - 735." type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF00114F3F887DE559AA6" author="Bigelow, H. B." box="[221,382,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="99 - 189" refId="ref17433" refString="Bigelow, H. B. (1938) Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. VIII. Medusae taken during the years 1929 and 1930. Zoologica NY, 23 (Part 2), 99 - 189." type="journal article" year="1938">Bigelow 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF00115A4F886DD319AA7" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[394,538,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="304 - 310" refId="ref19797" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the Medusae of the World. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 304 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531540000744 X" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This gave
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF001168CF886DC329AA6" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[674,793,693,716]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF001168CF886DC329AA6" box="[674,793,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a wide distribution throughout the Pacific Ocean on both the eastern and western margins [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF0011627F8EBDD659A85" box="[521,590,728,751]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF0011677F8E4DDF19A9A" box="[601,730,727,752]" name="Philippines" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF00116CBF8E4DC119A9A" box="[741,826,727,752]" name="Taiwan" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF001176BF8EBDCA19A9A" box="[837,906,728,752]" name="Guam" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF00117B6F8EBDCFE9A9A" box="[920,981,728,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFFDF00117C6F8E4DB719A9A" box="[1000,1114,727,752]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF0011046F8EBDB8E9A9A" box="[1128,1189,728,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D92DFCFFFDF0011096F8E4DA229A9A" box="[1208,1289,727,752]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF0011136F8EBDA7E9A9A" box="[1304,1365,728,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
)] (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF00114B9F8CEDE329B7E" author="Yatsu, N." box="[151,281,764,788]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref23200" refString="Yatsu, N. (1917) Notes on the physiology of Charybdea rastonii. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, 11, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1917">Yatsu 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF001150BF8CEDEC39B7F" author="Matsumoto, G. I." box="[293,488,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="139 - 148" refId="ref20534" refString="Matsumoto, G. I. (1995) Observations on the anatomy and behaviour of the cubozoan Carybdea rastonii Haacke. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 26, 139 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10236249509378935" type="journal article" year="1995">Matsumoto 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF00115DBF8CFDC049B7E" author="Kingsford, M. J. & Mooney, C. J." box="[501,815,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="267 - 302" refId="ref19612" refString="Kingsford, M. J. & Mooney, C. J. (2014) The ecology of box jellyfishes (Cubozoa). In: Pitt, K. A. & Lucas, C. H. (Eds.), Jellyfish Blooms. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 267 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 7015 - 7 _ 12" type="book chapter" year="2014">Kingsford & Mooney 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). But
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFFDF001175AF8CFDB1F9B7F" author="Gershwin, L." box="[884,1076,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref19000" refString="Gershwin, L. (2006) Nematocysts of the Cubozoa. Zootaxa, 1232, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2006">Gershwin (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demonstrated that the Japanese population has a distinctive cnidome compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF00116CFF913DC779B52" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[737,860,800,824]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF00116CFF913DC779B52" box="[737,860,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF0011789F92CDB3A9B52" box="[935,1041,799,824]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Moreover, Bentlage
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF0011122F912DA6C9B52" box="[1292,1351,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010) showed that the populations from Hawaii and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF00116B0F976DDF59B36" box="[670,734,837,860]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
were a case of several species being united under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF00111ACF976DFC59BEA" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF00111ACF976DFC59BEA" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and resurrected the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF0011607F95BDC029BEA" authority="(Hawaii)" authorityName=", Maas" authorityYear="1897" baseAuthorityName="Hawaii" box="[553,809,871,896]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF0011607F95BDD959BEA" box="[553,702,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">C. arborifera</emphasis>
|
||
(Hawaii)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF0011771F95BDB429BEA" authority="(Japan)" authorityName=", Kishinouye" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Japan" box="[863,1129,871,896]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevipedalia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF0011771F95BDB269BEA" box="[863,1037,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">C. brevipedalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF0011035F95BDB4A9BEA" box="[1051,1121,872,896]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFFDF00114E9F9BFDDCA9BCF" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,737,907,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF00114E9F9BFDD589BCF" bold="true" box="[199,627,907,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">
|
||
Reported distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFFDF00115DFF9B8DD419BCE" authorityName="Haacke" authorityYear="1886" box="[497,618,907,932]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="534" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFFDF00115DFF9B8DD419BCE" bold="true" box="[497,618,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFFDF0011654F9BFDDCA9BCF" box="[634,737,908,933]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="534">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |