treatments-xml/data/03/B0/90/03B09028FFD7FFC45629FD716127F916.xml

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<mods:title id="D1A9A51A5CD876F5990BA6EBC036222A">Systematic revision of the fruit fly genus Carpophthoromyia Austen (Diptera, Tephritidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0FB7DE44BCD60A88B480752227690265">Meyer, Marc De</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65629FD716248FD61" blockId="8.[264,559,647,708]" box="[264,559,647,673]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0EE9652FFD7FFC65629FD716248FD61" bold="true" box="[264,559,647,673]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD7FFC65629FD716248FD61" ID-CoL="RGHP" authority="Bezzi, 1924" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1924" box="[264,559,647,673]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD7FFC65629FD716248FD61" bold="true" box="[264,559,647,673]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD7FFC65629FD7161FCFD61" bold="true" box="[264,411,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. dimidiata</emphasis>
Bezzi, 1924
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65629FD5C61F0FD04" blockId="8.[264,559,647,708]" box="[264,407,682,708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
(
<figureCitation id="13223DBBFFD7FFC65630FD5C6104FD04" box="[273,355,682,708]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 9" captionStartId="43.[264,382,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[365,1145,325,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[286,1264,298,1711]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 9. Wing. — 7. Carpophthoromyia dimidiata. — 8. C. vittata. — 9. C. pseudotritea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172783/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13223DBBFFD7FFC65651FD5C61E8FD04" box="[368,399,682,708]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 38" captionStartId="47.[264,382,1339,1363]" captionTargetBox="[319,1260,321,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[283,1393,310,1264]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 38. Spermatheca. — 36. Carpophthoromyia dimidiata. — 37. C. schoutedeni. — 38. C. interrupta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172788/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">36</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30372B5FFD7FFC65629FD0C6374FC10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65629FD0C6377FCD0" blockId="8.[264,1323,761,976]" box="[264,784,761,785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB090610FFD7FFC65629FD0C6377FCD0" box="[264,784,761,785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD7FFC65629FD0C636CFCD0" ID-CoL="RGHP" authority="Bezzi, 1924a: 474" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityPageNumber="474" authorityYear="1924" box="[264,779,761,785]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD7FFC65629FD0C6227FCD1" box="[264,576,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Carpophthoromyia dimidiata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB8072FFFD7FFC65566FD0F636CFCD0" author="Bezzi" box="[583,779,761,784]" page="474" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC65566FD0F62B1FCD0" author="Bezzi" box="[583,726,761,784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Bezzi, M. (1924 a) South African Trypaneid Diptera in the collection of the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum, 19, 449 - 577." type="journal article" year="1924" yearSuffix="a">Bezzi, 1924a</bibRefCitation>
: 474
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65629FCEC61BDFC90" blockId="8.[264,1323,761,976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD7FFC65629FCEC62BAFCF0" ID-CoL="RGHP" authority="Munro 1926" authorityName="Munro" authorityYear="1926" box="[264,733,793,817]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD7FFC65629FCEC6224FCF1" box="[264,579,794,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Carpophthoromyia dimidiata</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC65575FCEF62BAFCF0" author="Munro" box="[596,733,793,816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refString="Munro, H. K. (1926) Biological notes on the South African Trypaneidae (Trypetidae: fruit-flies). II. Memoirs Division of Entomology, Department of Agriculture, Union of South Africa, 5, 17 - 43." type="journal article" year="1926">Munro 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC655CAFCEF6313FCF0" author="Munro" box="[747,884,793,816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refString="Munro, H. K. (1935) Biological and systematic notes and records on South African Trypetidae (Fruit-flies, Diptera) with descriptions of new species. Entomology Memoirs, Department of Agriculture, Union of South Africa, 9, 19 - 59" type="journal article" year="1935">Munro 1935</bibRefCitation>
, Cogan &amp; Munro 1980, Hancock 1987, Hancock 2003.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65629FCAC62CAFCB0" blockId="8.[264,1323,761,976]" box="[264,685,857,881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD7FFC65629FCAC624CFCB0" authority="Loew 1861" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1861" box="[264,555,857,881]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Trypeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD7FFC65629FCAC61C3FCB1" box="[264,420,858,881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Trypeta vittata</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC65692FCAF624CFCB0" author="Loew" box="[435,555,857,880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Loew, H. (1861) Ueber die afrikanischen Trypetina. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 5, 253 - 306." type="journal article" year="1861">Loew 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(misident.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65629FC8C6374FC10" blockId="8.[264,1323,761,976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD7FFC65629FC8C62A5FC50" ID-CoL="RGJ8" authority="Austen 1910" authorityName="Austen" authorityYear="1910" box="[264,706,889,913]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD7FFC65629FC8C6244FC51" box="[264,547,890,913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Carpophthoromyia vittata</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC65517FC8F62A5FC50" author="Austen" box="[566,706,889,912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Austen, E. E. (1910) A new genus and two new species of African fruit-flies. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 1, 71 - 77." type="journal article" year="1910">Austen 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(p.p.), 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC65438FC8F63A3FC50" author="Enderlein" box="[793,964,889,912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Enderlein, G. (1920) Zur Kenntnis tropischer Frucht-Bohrfliegen. Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Geografie und Biologie der Tiere, 43, 336 - 360." type="journal article" year="1920">Enderlein 1920</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC654F2FC8F6437FC50" author="Bezzi" box="[979,1104,889,912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Bezzi, M. (1918) Notes on the Ethiopian fruit-flies of the family Trypaneidae, other than Dacus (s. l.), with descriptions of new genera and species (Dipt.) - I. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 8, 215 - 251." type="journal article" year="1918">Bezzi 1918</bibRefCitation>
(p.p.), 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC65386FC8F6540FC50" author="Bezzi" box="[1191,1319,889,912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Bezzi, M. (1923) Trypaneides d'Afrique (Dipt.) de la collection du Museum National de Paris [part]. Bulletin du Museum national de l'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 1923, 523 - 530." type="journal article" year="1923">Bezzi 1923</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC65619FC6F61D9FC70" author="Bezzi" box="[312,446,921,944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="40" refString="Bezzi, M. (1924 b) Further notes on the Ethiopian fruit-flies, with keys to all the known genera and species. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 15, 73 - 118." type="journal article" year="1924" yearSuffix="b">Bezzi 1924b</bibRefCitation>
(p.p.) (misident.), 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD7FFC655A7FC6F636CFC70" author="Munro" box="[646,779,921,944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refString="Munro, H. K. (1935) Biological and systematic notes and records on South African Trypetidae (Fruit-flies, Diptera) with descriptions of new species. Entomology Memoirs, Department of Agriculture, Union of South Africa, 9, 19 - 59" type="journal article" year="1935">Munro 1935</bibRefCitation>
(misident.), Cogan &amp; Munro 1980 (p.p.), Hancock 1987 (misident.), Hancock 2003 (misident.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30372B5FFD7FFC45629FBF46127F916" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65629FBF4611AFBDC" blockId="8.[264,1320,1026,1216]" box="[264,381,1026,1052]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65619FBDC640AFB7C" blockId="8.[264,1320,1026,1216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Arista with medium long rays; three frontals; scutum with one transverse band; postpronotum white; scutellum with distinct apical spot, ventrally reaching halfway between apical and basal scutellar setae; no hyaline wing indentations; S­band and inverted V­band fused basally near vein A1+Cu2 and subapically between veins R4+5 and M.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65629FB0261F6FACE" blockId="8.[264,1325,1268,1894]" box="[264,401,1268,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65619FAEA6470FA3E" blockId="8.[264,1325,1268,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head. Antennal segments reddish brown, sometimes darker brown; arista with medium long rays, longest ones slightly more than half the width of first flagellomere. Frons white to yellow, upper third (area in between orbitals to upper margin ocellar triangle) brown. Three frontals placed on oblique line, with anterior frontal 2.5 times as far from the inner eye margin than posterior frontal; two orbitals. Area of antennal base with brown patches. Face white, parafacial area and gena darker brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD7FFC65619F9FA637AF8A6" blockId="8.[264,1325,1268,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thorax. Scutum shining orange­brown to black­brown; black setulae, except for one broad transverse band with silvery setulae anteriorly of transverse suture. Postpronotum white. Anepisternum with white band with lower margin usually reaching to halfway posterior margin of anepisternum, sometimes reaching lower; with pale setulae, lower third with black setulae, two anepisternals. Anatergite white, occasionally black; katatergite black, only dorsally slightly white. Scutellum white, ventrally with brown apical spot reaching halfway between basal and apical scutellar, variable in dorsal view, usually apical spots as broad as in ventral view, sometimes reduced but still visible and reaching beyond base of apical scutellars. Subscutellum black.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD6FFC75619FEEA62FAFE9E" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Legs orange­brown to black­brown, tibia and tarsal segments yellow, at most basal margin of tibiae slightly darkened.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD6FFC75619FE9A646DFE19" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Wing (
<figureCitation id="13223DBBFFD6FFC756ABFE9A61B2FE46" box="[394,469,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 9" captionStartId="43.[264,382,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[365,1145,325,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[286,1264,298,1711]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 9. Wing. — 7. Carpophthoromyia dimidiata. — 8. C. vittata. — 9. C. pseudotritea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172783/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Anterior margin without hyaline indentations in cells c or sc. S­band and inverted V­band fused basally near vein A1+Cu2 and subapically between veins R4+5 and M. Crossvein DM­Cu strongly sinuous. R­M ratio 1.17–1.32.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD6FFC75619FE1161C7FD09" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Abdomen. Shining black­brown; with black setulae, tergite 2 reddish brown and with silvery setulae along posterior half; sometimes tergites 4 and/or 5 partly more reddish brown. Spermatheca cylindrical (
<figureCitation id="13223DBBFFD6FFC755B0FDC1628DFD91" box="[657,746,567,593]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 38" captionStartId="47.[264,382,1339,1363]" captionTargetBox="[319,1260,321,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[283,1393,310,1264]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 38. Spermatheca. — 36. Carpophthoromyia dimidiata. — 37. C. schoutedeni. — 38. C. interrupta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172788/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). Female terminalia, oviscape at least as long as abdominal tergites; shining black brown, with black setulae. Aculeus yellow to orange, cylindrical, about 15 to 20 times longer than wide; aculeus tip darker orange and slightly downcurved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD6FFC75619FD21640DFD31" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,753]" box="[312,1130,727,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body length: 5.84 (4.64–6.40) mm; wing length 6.12 (5.12–7.04) mm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD6FFC75629FCD16182FC81" blockId="9.[264,1323,807,1873]" box="[264,485,807,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD6FFC75619FCB96415FCA9" blockId="9.[264,1323,807,1873]" box="[312,1138,846,873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="54A29F9CFFD6FFC75619FCB96115FCA9" box="[312,370,847,873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
material: 
<typeStatus id="54A29F9CFFD6FFC756C8FCB96231FCA9" box="[489,598,847,873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Ψ: 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC755A6FCB96339FCA9" box="[647,862,847,873]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC7544BFCB963CBFCA9" box="[874,940,847,873]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Natal</collectingCountry>
, Durban (SAM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD6FFC45619FC8161B1FE6E" blockId="9.[264,1323,807,1873]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1324,284,430]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Other material: 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC756D7FC816239FC51" box="[502,606,887,913]" name="Kenya" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">KENYA</collectingCountry>
: Karura Forest, 2ΨΨ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75446FC816384FC51" box="[871,995,887,913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1936-06">June 1936</date>
, van Someren (NMK); 1ɗ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75629FC6961D0FC79" box="[264,439,927,953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1970-12-09" valueMax="1970-12-13" valueMin="1970-12-09">9–13.XII.1970</date>
, 
<quantity id="4CE18CDBFFD6FFC756E7FC696271FC79" box="[454,534,927,953]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6764" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="5500.0">5500ft</quantity>
, A.E. Stubbs (BMNH); 1Ψ, Mt Marsabit, 
<quantity id="4CE18CDBFFD6FFC75337FC696402FC79" box="[1046,1125,927,953]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="ft" value="1500.0">1500ft</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75355FC696542FC79" box="[1140,1317,927,953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1946-02">February 1946</date>
, T.H.E. Jackson (NMK); Nairobi, 1Ψ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC755E7FC316373FC21" box="[710,788,967,993]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1921-01">I.1921</date>
, van Someren (BMNH); 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75363FC3164DEFC21" box="[1090,1209,967,993]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1937-08">VIII.1937</date>
, ‘ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD6FFC753D5FC316123FBC9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Putranjivaceae" genus="Drypetes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Drypetes</taxonomicName>
70’, van Someren (3ɗɗ 10ΨΨ, NMK); (1ɗ 1Ψ, MNHG); (1ɗ, BMNH); Ngong, 1ɗ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75629FBE161E4FBF1" box="[264,387,1047,1073]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1936-06">June 1936</date>
, bred ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD6FFC756D0FBE1620FFBF1" box="[497,616,1047,1073]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Achariaceae" genus="Rawsonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rawsonia</taxonomicName>
, van Someren (NMK); 1Ψ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75493FBE1646DFBF1" box="[946,1034,1047,1073]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1941-02">II.1941</date>
; 4ɗɗ 3ΨΨ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC753BAFBE1648EFBF1" box="[1179,1257,1047,1073]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1943-01">I.1943</date>
, both van Someren (BMNH); 13ɗɗ 17ΨΨ, Ngong Rd forest, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC754BCFBC96475FB99" box="[925,1042,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2001-04-06">6.IV.2001</date>
, ex fruits 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD6FFC753ABFBC9612DFB41" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Putranjivaceae" genus="Drypetes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gerrardii">Drypetes gerrardii</taxonomicName>
, USDA collection number 1146, R.S. Copeland (KMMA); 1ɗ, Rabai, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC753ADFB916541FB41" box="[1164,1318,1127,1153]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1937-08">August 1937</date>
, van Someren, caught on bait (NMK); 1Ψ, Sokoke Forest, 
<quantity id="4CE18CDBFFD6FFC754E0FB796388FB69" box="[961,1007,1167,1193]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mi" value="8.0">8mi</quantity>
S of 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC75315FB7964F3FB69" box="[1076,1172,1167,1193]" name="Kenya" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malindi</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75380FB796541FB69" box="[1185,1318,1167,1193]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1969-04">April 1969</date>
, M.P. Clifton (NMK). 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC75525FB4162E5FB11" box="[516,642,1207,1233]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MALAWI</collectingCountry>
: 1ɗ, Cholo, R.C. Wood (BMNH); 1Ψ, Mt Mulanji, nr Likabula, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75676FB296265FB39" box="[343,514,1247,1273]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1983-10-26" valueMax="1983-10-27" valueMin="1983-10-26">26–27.X.1983</date>
, A. Freidberg (
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC75597FB296290FB39" box="[694,759,1247,1273]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TAU</collectingCountry>
). 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC7542BFB2963BEFB39" box="[778,985,1247,1273]" name="Mozambique" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
: Delagoa Bay, 1ɗ 1Ψ; Monteiro (NMHU); 1ɗ, “86–20”, Monteiro (BMNH); Vila Bocage 300, Shire R., 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC753BFFAF16541FAE1" box="[1182,1318,1287,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1916-11-25">25.XI.1916</date>
, R.C. Wood (BMNH); 1Ψ, Vallée du Pungoué, Guéngère, 1906, G. Vasse (MNHN). SENE­ 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC75629FAA16123FAB1" box="[264,324,1367,1393]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">GAL</collectingCountry>
[?, cf comments below]: 1ɗ, “ 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC7559BFAA1637EFAB1" box="[698,793,1367,1393]" name="Senegal" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Senegal</collectingCountry>
Mion.”, 2475 (NMHU). 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC7536AFAA16540FAB1" box="[1099,1319,1367,1393]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 3ɗɗ 3ΨΨ, Dhlinza forest, Eshowe, Zululand, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75404FA8963DFFA59" box="[805,952,1407,1433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1960-04-05" valueMax="1960-04-06" valueMin="1960-04-05">5–6.IV.1960</date>
, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA); Durban, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75653FA516226FA01" box="[370,577,1447,1473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1932-02-01">February 1932, 1</date>
ɗ (MNHN); 1Ψ (NMSA); 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC754B1FA51641EFA01" box="[912,1145,1447,1473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1932-07-06" valueMax="1932-08-16" valueMin="1932-07-06">6.VII–16.VIII.1932</date>
, 1ɗ (MNHN); 1Ψ (NMSA); 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC7569CFA3962FEFA29" box="[445,665,1487,1513]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1933-02-01">February 1933, 1</date>
Ψ (MNHN); 1ɗ (NMSA); 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC754D9FA3964CBFA29" box="[1016,1196,1487,1513]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1933-06-15" valueMax="1933-06-23" valueMin="1933-06-15">15–23.VI.1933</date>
, 1ɗ 1sex unknown (BMNH); 1Ψ (MNHN); 1ɗ 1Ψ (NMSA); 1ɗ 2ΨΨ (SAM); 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75373FA016488F9D1" box="[1106,1263,1527,1553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1935-08">August 1935</date>
, (1ɗ 2ΨΨ, NMSA) all “bait trap”, W.E. Marriott; 1ɗ Ψ East London, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC754D5F9E964F7F9F9" box="[1012,1168,1567,1593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1925-08-17">17.VIII.1925</date>
, H.K. Munro (SAM); 2ΨΨ, Gwalaweni forest, Ingwavuma distr., Lebombo, Zululand, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75354F9B16541F9A1" box="[1141,1318,1607,1633]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1957-02">February 1957</date>
, B. Stuckenberg (NMSA); 1Ψ Malvern, 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC755CDF9996349F949" box="[748,814,1647,1673]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Natal</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC7541FF99963C7F949" box="[830,928,1647,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1897-03">III.1897</date>
, G.A.K. 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC7532FF9996411F949" box="[1038,1142,1647,1673]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marshall</collectingCountry>
(BMNH); 1ɗ, Ngoya forest, Mtunzini distr., 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC7554AF9616379F971" box="[619,798,1687,1713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1968-03-19" valueMax="1968-03-21" valueMin="1968-03-19">19–21.III.1968</date>
, Potgieter &amp; Goode (NMSA); 1ɗ, Pietermaritzburg, town bush, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA); Port 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC7549BF9496479F919" box="[954,1054,1727,1753]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">St. John</collectingCountry>
, 1ɗ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75341F9496542F919" box="[1120,1317,1727,1753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1916-09">September 1916</date>
; 1ɗ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC75660F911618BF8C1" box="[321,492,1767,1793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1916-10">October 1916</date>
, both H.H. Swinny (NMSA); Port 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD6FFC75494F911647AF8C1" box="[949,1053,1767,1793]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">St. John</collectingCountry>
, Pondoland, 1Ψ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC753DFF91161C3F8E9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1923-08-15" valueMax="1923-08-31" valueMin="1923-08-15">15– 31.VIII.1923</date>
; 1Ψ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC756C5F8F9622FF8E9" box="[484,584,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1923-09">IX.1923</date>
; 7ɗɗ 3ΨΨ, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC755F8F8F96320F8E9" box="[729,839,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1923-12">XII.1923</date>
, all R.E. Turner (BMNH); 2ɗɗ 1Ψ, Port St Johns, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD6FFC7565AF8C16257F891" box="[379,560,1847,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1961-11-20" valueMax="1961-11-25" valueMin="1961-11-20">20–25.XI.1961</date>
, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA); 1ɗ 1Ψ, Utumvuna nat. Reserve, 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC45629FEEA612DFEF6" box="[264,330,284,310]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Natal</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD5FFC45674FEEA6180FEF6" box="[341,487,284,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1983-07-15">15.VII.1983</date>
, „attracted to jam in river gully (wooded)“, J. Manning (NMSA). TAN­ ZANIA: 1Ψ, Mikese, protein bait trap in mango orchard (SUA­KMMA project T1250 sample), Resta (KMMA); 1Ψ, E. Usambara, Amani, Sigi, 
<quantity id="4CE18CDBFFD5FFC45320FE9A6420FE46" box="[1025,1095,364,390]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="445.0">445m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFA707FEFFD5FFC4537CFE9A649FFE46" box="[1117,1272,364,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2003-08-16">16.VIII.2003</date>
, A. Freidberg (
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC456A8FE6261ADFE6E" box="[393,458,404,430]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TAU</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD5FFC45629FE1261F2FE3E" blockId="10.[264,1323,484,710]" box="[264,405,484,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD5FFC45619FDFA6327FD06" blockId="10.[264,1323,484,710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC45619FDFA61B2FDE6" box="[312,469,524,550]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC456C5FDFA6253FDE6" box="[484,564,524,550]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC45562FDFA6286FDE6" box="[579,737,524,550]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC455D1FDFA632AFDE6" box="[752,845,524,550]" name="Malawi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC4547DFDFA63DFFDE6" box="[860,952,524,550]" name="Senegal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Senegal</collectingCountry>
[?, see below], 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC453A3FDFA6488FDE6" box="[1154,1263,524,550]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
. The records from 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC45686FDC26243FD8E" box="[423,548,564,590]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
by Hancock (1987) for 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC45465FDC263D5FD8D" box="[836,946,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC45465FDC263D5FD8D" box="[836,946,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gota Gota, Hurungwe district, and Chipinda Pools, Gonarezhou National Park) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC4545CFDAA64C8FDB6" authority="Mt Selinda" authorityName="Mt Selinda" box="[893,1199,604,630]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC4545CFDAA6476FDB5" box="[893,1041,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. dimidiata</emphasis>
(Mt Selinda)
</taxonomicName>
both refer to 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC45609FD7261DAFD5D" box="[296,445,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC45609FD7261DAFD5D" box="[296,445,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. dimidiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, given the characters shown in the illustration (Hancock, 1987: fig. 16). These records were repeated in Hancock (2003).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD5FFC45629FD0A61EBFCD6" blockId="10.[264,1325,764,990]" box="[264,396,764,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Host plants</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD5FFC45619FCD264AEFC1E" blockId="10.[264,1325,764,990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Recent rearings, within the USDA and USAID projects run by Texas A&amp;M University, obtained this species in 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC45554FCBA62A5FCA6" box="[629,706,844,870]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC45437FCBA6540FCA6" authority="Hutch." authorityName="Hutch." box="[790,1319,844,870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Putranjivaceae" genus="Drypetes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gerrardii">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC45437FCBA639FFCA5" box="[790,1016,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Drypetes gerrardii</emphasis>
Hutch. (Euphorbiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
. Other material from 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC45521FC82622AFC4E" box="[512,589,884,910]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
in the NMK mentions the same genus as host plant, but also 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC45629FC6A629EFC76" authority="Harv.&amp;Sonder" authorityName="Harv.&amp;Sonder" box="[264,761,924,950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Achariaceae" genus="Rawsonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC45629FC6A611BFC75" box="[264,380,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rawsonia</emphasis>
Harv.&amp;Sonder (Flacourtiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD5FFC45424FC6A63CCFC76" author="Munro" box="[773,939,924,950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Munro, H. K. (1926) Biological notes on the South African Trypaneidae (Trypetidae: fruit-flies). II. Memoirs Division of Entomology, Department of Agriculture, Union of South Africa, 5, 17 - 43." type="journal article" year="1926">Munro (1926)</bibRefCitation>
mentions that the fly was found on leaves of 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC456BCFC3262E7FC1D" box="[413,640,964,989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Sideroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inerme">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC456BCFC3262E7FC1D" box="[413,640,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sideroxylon inerme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC45590FC32635FFC1E" box="[689,824,964,990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
) but that it was not reared from it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD5FFC45629FBE261E0FBEE" blockId="10.[264,1323,1044,1750]" box="[264,391,1044,1070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comments</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6213EFFD5FFC45619FBCA6127F916" blockId="10.[264,1323,1044,1750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This species was confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC45592FBCA6382FB95" box="[691,997,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC45592FBCA6382FB95" box="[691,997,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carpophthoromyia vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC4533FFBCA64F9FB95" box="[1054,1182,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC4533FFBCA64F9FB95" box="[1054,1182,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. amoena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in older literature (cf. discussion under 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC45541FB9262A8FBBD" box="[608,719,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC45541FB9262A8FBBD" box="[608,719,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC45469FB9263BCFBBD" box="[840,987,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC45469FB9263BCFBBD" box="[840,987,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. dimidiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a distinct connection between the S­band and the inverted V­band in the wing, a large apical spot on the scutellum reaching in dorsal view at least to halfway between apical and basal scutellar, and anepisternum with white band with lower margin reaching to halfway the posterior margin of the anepisternum. There is, however, considerable variation with regard to the two latter character states (apical spot more reduced and white band on anepisternum reaching lower). Typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC456E5FAA26230FAAD" box="[452,599,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC456E5FAA26230FAAD" box="[452,599,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. dimidiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mainly found in southern Africa while atypical specimens are from more northern regions, but there is no complete change along a geographical gradient since atypical forms were also found among material from Durban. Two specimens from the 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC45655FA3A61A8FA26" box="[372,463,1484,1510]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenyan</collectingCountry>
coastal region (Sokoke Forest and Rabai) have a white scutellum in dorsal view, but are tentatively placed here because of the wing pattern. One specimen in the MNHU collection is labelled “ 
<collectingCountry id="F30E61AEFFD5FFC45552F9EA62B2F9F6" box="[627,725,1564,1590]" name="Senegal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Senegal</collectingCountry>
” and referred to as such by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF885CCFFFD5FFC45304F9EA64D8F9F6" author="Loew" box="[1061,1215,1564,1590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="40" refString="Loew, H. (1861) Ueber die afrikanischen Trypetina. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 5, 253 - 306." type="journal article" year="1861">Loew (1861)</bibRefCitation>
when he described the male sex of 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC4551EF9B262C9F99D" box="[575,686,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC4551EF9B262C9F99D" box="[575,686,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below, under comments of 
<taxonomicName id="4C195ABDFFD5FFC45310F9B264C7F99D" box="[1073,1184,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpophthoromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B96DFD2CFFD5FFC45310F9B264C7F99D" box="[1073,1184,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. vittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, this should be considered unlikely given that the species seems to be restricted to southern to eastern Africa. More material will allow future definition of the exact status of both taxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>